CN109338280B - 一种三代渗碳钢渗碳后氮化方法 - Google Patents

一种三代渗碳钢渗碳后氮化方法 Download PDF

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CN109338280B
CN109338280B CN201811396268.6A CN201811396268A CN109338280B CN 109338280 B CN109338280 B CN 109338280B CN 201811396268 A CN201811396268 A CN 201811396268A CN 109338280 B CN109338280 B CN 109338280B
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孙振淋
何培刚
钱珏
辛玉武
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AECC Harbin Dongan Engine Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/34—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in more than one step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
    • C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/24—Nitriding
    • C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F17/00—Multi-step processes for surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by subclass C21D or C22F or class C25

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明属于金属热处理技术领域，涉及一种三代渗碳钢渗碳后氮化方法。本发明高三代渗碳钢渗碳后氮化方法，三代渗碳钢渗碳后，再进行淬火、冷处理、时效、深冷处理、二次时效处理，然后将渗碳钢放在温度在400℃～650℃的气体氮化炉内进行氮化处理。本发明在对三代渗碳钢进行低压真空渗碳后，对其进行低温气体氮化处理，并通过严格控制氮化工艺参数，使得三代渗碳钢在具有良好渗碳深度、金相组织的前提下，其表面硬度达到HRC67以上，满足三代渗碳钢渗碳表面高硬度的设计要求。

Description

一种三代渗碳钢渗碳后氮化方法
技术领域
本发明属于金属热处理技术领域，涉及一种三代渗碳钢渗碳后氮化方法。
背景技术
以CSS-42L材料为代表的三代渗碳钢具有良好的高温红硬性，该材料使用温度高、耐蚀性能好、韧性高，可在450℃的环境下长期稳定工作，能够滿足航空发动机齿轮在更高速、更高温度和更高载荷的苛刻条件下安全运行。
现有三代渗碳钢表面硬化处理工艺主要以低压真空渗碳为主，现有渗碳工艺为了保证渗层组织的碳化物无一次碳化物魏氏组织析出，零件淬火冰冷时效后的渗层表面硬度HRC65左右，与该材料设计的理论表面硬度HRC67以上仍有一定差距。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：提供一种在渗碳后可以有效提高三代渗碳钢表面硬度的表面强化方法。
本发明的技术解决方案为：一种三代渗碳钢渗碳后氮化方法，三代渗碳钢渗碳后，再进行淬火、冷处理、时效、深冷处理、二次时效处理，然后将渗碳钢放在温度在400℃～650℃的气体氮化炉内进行氮化处理。
氮化处理时，使用的催化剂是NH4Cl。
氮化处理采用两段法氮化，第一段氮化分解率为30～50％，氮化时间30～80h，第二段氮化分解率为50～80％，氮化时间20～80h。
所述三代渗碳钢材料包括高Cr高Mo的CSS-42L材料和BG801材料。
所述三代渗碳钢渗碳时，采用低压真空渗碳工艺，利用乙炔进行多脉冲强渗，单脉冲强渗时间≤50s。
本发明的技术效果是：本发明在对三代渗碳钢进行低压真空渗碳后，对其进行低温气体氮化处理，并通过严格控制氮化工艺参数，使得三代渗碳钢在具有良好渗碳深度、金相组织的前提下，其表面硬度达到HRC67以上，满足三代渗碳钢的设计要求。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明：
本发明三代渗碳钢渗碳后氮化方法，三代渗碳钢渗碳后，再进行淬火、冷处理、时效、深冷处理、二次时效处理，然后将渗碳钢放在温度在400℃～650℃的气体氮化炉内进行氮化处理，以提高材料表面硬度，增强零件表面耐磨性。氮化处理时，使用的催化剂是NH4Cl，用于去除三代渗碳钢表面致密的钝化膜。氮化处理采用两段法氮化，第一段氮化分解率为30～50％，氮化时间30～80h，第二段氮化分解率为50～80％，氮化时间20～80h，通过两段法氮化工艺参数控制，控制氮势过高，从而优化氮化金相组织，避免出现网状氮化物以及波纹状氮化物。另外，本发明三代渗碳钢渗碳时，采用低压真空渗碳工艺，利用乙炔进行多脉冲强渗，单脉冲强渗时间≤50s，以保证三代渗碳钢渗碳后的金相组织质量满足设计要求。
本发明中的三代渗碳钢材料包括高Cr高Mo的CSS-42L材料和BG801材料，下面以CSS-42L材料为例进行说明：
CSS-42L齿轮，要求齿部渗碳层深0.9～1.1mm，渗碳淬火冰冷时效后的渗层表面硬度HRC69。
首先对齿面渗层渗碳1.1～1.3mm，渗碳工艺温度980℃，乙炔流量为1200L/h，渗碳脉冲参数见表1所示。
表1低压真空渗碳脉冲参数表
Figure BDA0001874382260000021
Figure BDA0001874382260000031
渗碳1066℃淬火、-80℃冰冷、560℃一次时效4h、-196℃深冷、560℃二次时效4h结束后，转入机加进行机械精加工。随后进行气体氮化，氮化时使用NH4Cl做催化剂，氮化工艺温度560℃，采用两段法氮化，第一段氮化分解率为40％，氮化时间40h，第二段氮化分解率为60％，氮化时间20h，氮化结束后，零件表面显微硬度达到HV1092，通过该工艺方法，实现了相关设计要求。

Claims (3)

1.一种三代渗碳钢渗碳后氮化方法，其特征在于，三代渗碳钢渗碳后，再进行淬火、冷处理、时效、深冷处理、二次时效处理，然后将渗碳钢放在温度在400℃～650℃的气体氮化炉内进行氮化处理；
所述三代渗碳钢材料包括高Cr高Mo的CSS-42L材料和BG801材料；
时效温度为560℃；
所述三代渗碳钢渗碳时，采用低压真空渗碳工艺，利用乙炔进行多脉冲强渗，单脉冲强渗时间≤50s。
2.根据权利要求1所述的三代渗碳钢渗碳后氮化方法，其特征在于，氮化处理时，使用的催化剂是NH 4 Cl。
3.根据权利要求2所述的三代渗碳钢渗碳后氮化方法，其特征在于，氮化处理采用两段法氮化，第一段氮化分解率为30～50％，氮化时间30～80h，第二段氮化分解率为50～80％，氮化时间20～80h。
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