CN109336628A - 一种防裂耐火材料 - Google Patents
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- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000545744 Hirudinea Species 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防裂耐火材料,属于耐火材料技术领域,该氧化铝耐火材料包括背火层、V型钩和复合临火层,背火层包括基质和骨料;基质包括金刚砂和Al2O3微粉,骨料包括氧化铝空心球、氧化铬颗粒和耐火纤维糊,复合临火层为氧化铝耐火材料的高温工作面,复合临火层包括膨胀蛭石‑耐火纤维糊‑石墨混合乳和远红外辐射性涂料;其制备方法如下:制备基质;制备骨料;制备背火层;制备膨胀蛭石‑耐火纤维糊‑石墨混合乳;将远红外辐射性涂料涂覆在膨胀蛭石‑耐火纤维糊‑石墨混合乳表面,本发明解决了传统氧化铝耐火材料因长期处于高温环境下工作,容易出现裂纹的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及耐火材料技术领域,更具体地说,它涉及一种防裂耐火材料。
背景技术
凡物理化学性质允许其在高温环境下使用的材料称为耐火材料。耐火材料广泛用于冶金、化工、石油、机械制造、硅酸盐、动力等工业领域,在冶金工业中用量最大,占总产量的50%~60%。耐火材料品种繁多、用途各异。耐火材料的分类方法很多,其中主要有化学属性分类法、化学矿物组成分类法、生产工艺分类法、材料形态分类法等多种方法。
现有的氧化铝耐火材料,通常以氧化铝空心球为骨料,以α-Al2O3微粉为基质,添加少量酸性结合剂,烘干后经1650-1700℃保温2-8h烧成。现有技术虽然能起到较好的耐火隔热作用,但是在干燥、烧成以及长期高温工作过程中,耐火材料容易出现裂纹,使用安全性较差。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种防裂耐火材料,其解决了传统氧化铝耐火材料因长期处于高温环境下工作,容易出现裂纹的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
一种防裂耐火材料,包括背火层、V型钩和复合临火层,所述背火层包括基质和骨料;
所述基质包括金刚砂和Al2O3微粉,所述骨料包括氧化铝空心球、氧化铬颗粒和耐火纤维糊,所述复合临火层为氧化铝耐火材料的高温工作面,所述复合临火层包括膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳和远红外辐射性涂料;
其制备方法如下:
(1)将金刚砂和Al2O3微粉按照重量1:1的比例混合,搅拌均匀,得到基质;
(2)将氧化铝空心球、氧化铬颗粒和耐火纤维糊按照重量1:1:1的比例混合,并充分搅拌,得到骨料;
(3)将步骤(1)中的所述基质倒入到步骤(2)中的所述骨料中,加水搅拌,混合均匀,并经过加压震动处理,制得所需尺寸和形状定型品,在所述定型品外表面均匀插设V型钩,所述V型钩的一半长度插设在所述定型品内,将插设有所述V型钩的所述定型品100-105℃干燥24-36小时后于1500-1600℃保温5-7小时烧成,得到背火层;
(4)将膨胀蛭石、耐火纤维糊和石墨乳按照重量1:1:2的比例混合,搅拌均匀,得到膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳,将所述膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳涂覆在所述背火层表面,所述V型钩一半填埋在所述背火层中,另一半填埋在所述膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳内;
(5)将远红外辐射性涂料涂覆在所述膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳表面。
通过上述技术方案,金刚砂硬度很大,是很好的耐磨、耐火材料和冶金脱氧剂。氧化铝空心球、氧化铬颗粒以及Al2O3微粉也是性能较好的耐高温材料,通过将其组合,干燥,保温制得背火层,使得背火层具有较好的防火隔热性能。V型钩的设置,可提高背火层与膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳的连接性,以防复合临火层因长期在高温环境中使用而出现剥离现象。远红外辐射性涂料涂刷在窑炉内壁上,通过涂料涂层红外辐射,改善炉内热交换、提高炉膛内温度场强及均匀性、使燃料燃烧更充分,达到增加热效率,大大提高耐火材料热效率,减少能耗、节约能源和延长炉体内衬使用年限,节能率高。膨胀蛭石、耐火纤维糊、石墨乳和远红外辐射性涂料均是良好的耐高温材料,性能稳定,阻燃,防腐,且耐火纤维糊、石墨乳和远红外辐射性涂料具有较好的黏附性和流平性,干燥速度快,长期高温环境使用过程中,不易出现裂纹。
进一步优选为:所述基质占氧化铝耐火材料总重量的20-30%。
进一步优选为:所述骨料占氧化铝耐火材料总重量的50-60%,所述氧化铝空心球占所述骨料总质量的30-40%,用作骨料成分的所述耐火纤维糊占所述骨料总质量的40-50%。
进一步优选为:所述膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳厚度为10-15cm。
进一步优选为:所述远红外辐射性涂料厚度为2-5cm。
进一步优选为:所述氧化铝空心球中的Al2O3含量≥99%。
综上所述,本发明具有以下有益效果:金刚砂硬度很大,是很好的耐磨、耐火材料和冶金脱氧剂。氧化铝空心球、氧化铬颗粒以及Al2O3微粉也是性能较好的耐高温材料,通过将其组合,干燥,保温制得背火层,使得背火层具有较好的防火隔热性能。V型钩的设置,可提高背火层与膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳的连接性,以防复合临火层因长期在高温环境中使用而出现剥离现象。远红外辐射性涂料涂刷在窑炉内壁上,通过涂料涂层红外辐射,改善炉内热交换、提高炉膛内温度场强及均匀性、使燃料燃烧更充分,达到增加热效率,大大提高耐火材料热效率,减少能耗、节约能源和延长炉体内衬使用年限,节能率高。膨胀蛭石、耐火纤维糊、石墨乳和远红外辐射性涂料均是良好的耐高温材料,性能稳定,阻燃,防腐,且耐火纤维糊、石墨乳和远红外辐射性涂料具有较好的黏附性和流平性,干燥速度快,长期高温环境使用过程中,不易出现裂纹。
附图说明
图1是实施例的局部剖视示意图,主要用于体现氧化铝耐火材料的结构。
图中,1、背火层;2、复合临火层;21、膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳;22、远红外辐射性涂料;3、V型钩。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明进行详细描述。
实施例1:一种防裂耐火材料,如图1所示,包括背火层1、V型钩3和复合临火层2。背火层1为氧化铝耐火材料的非高温工作面,背火层1包括基质和骨料。基质包括金刚砂和Al2O3微粉,骨料包括氧化铝空心球、氧化铬颗粒和耐火纤维糊,耐火纤维糊作为有机结合剂使用。复合临火层2为氧化铝耐火材料的高温工作面,复合临火层2包括膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳21和远红外辐射性涂料22。
其制备方法如下:
(1)将金刚砂和Al2O3微粉按照重量1:1的比例混合,通过搅拌设备搅拌均匀,搅拌转速105-180rpm,搅拌时间10-15min,得到基质;
(2)将氧化铝空心球、氧化铬颗粒和耐火纤维糊按照重量1:1:1的比例混合,并充分搅拌,搅拌转速105-180rpm,搅拌时间10-15min,得到骨料;
(3)将步骤(1)中的基质倒入到步骤(2)中的骨料中,加水搅拌均匀,搅拌转速105-180rpm,搅拌时间20-30min,并经过加压震动处理,制得所需尺寸和形状定型品;在定型品外表面均匀插设V型钩3,V型钩3的一半长度插设在定型品内,V型钩3的两端部插设在定型品中;将插设有V型钩3的定型品100-105℃干燥24-36小时后于1500-1600℃保温5-7小时烧成,得到背火层1;
(4)将膨胀蛭石、耐火纤维糊和石墨乳按照重量1:1:2的比例混合,搅拌均匀,得到膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳21,将膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳21涂覆在背火层1表面,V型钩3一半填埋在背火层1中,另一半填埋在膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳21内;
(5)将远红外辐射性涂料22涂覆在膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳21表面。
基质占氧化铝耐火材料总重量的20-30%。骨料占氧化铝耐火材料总重量的50-60%,氧化铝空心球占骨料总质量的30-40%,用作骨料成分的耐火纤维糊占骨料总质量的40-50%。氧化铝空心球中的Al2O3含量≥99%。氧化铬颗粒中的Cr2O3质量分数≥99.0%,粒度范围为2-4mm。
膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳21厚度为10-15cm。远红外辐射性涂料22厚度为2-5cm。
本实施例所获得的氧化铝耐火材料耐火度较高,可达1750℃±50℃,适用于温度≤1600℃的工作环境,长期使用过程中,不易出现裂纹。
实施例2:一种防裂耐火材料,如图1所示,与实施例1的区别在于,基质占氧化铝耐火材料总重量的25%。骨料占氧化铝耐火材料总重量的55%,氧化铝空心球占骨料总质量的35%,用作骨料成分的耐火纤维糊占骨料总质量的45%。
膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳21厚度为12cm。远红外辐射性涂料22厚度为4cm。
本实施例所获得的氧化铝耐火材料耐火度较高,可达1700℃±30℃,适用于温度≤1600℃的工作环境,成本较为适中,长期使用过程中,不易出现裂纹。
实施例3:一种防裂耐火材料,如图1所示,与实施例1的区别在于,基质占氧化铝耐火材料总重量的20%。骨料占氧化铝耐火材料总重量的50%,氧化铝空心球占骨料总质量的30%,用作骨料成分的耐火纤维糊占骨料总质量的40%。
膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳21厚度为10cm。远红外辐射性涂料22厚度为2cm。
本实施例所获得的氧化铝耐火材料耐火度较高,可达1650℃±20℃,适用于温度≤1550℃的工作环境,成本较低,长期使用过程中,不易出现裂纹。
实施例4:一种防裂耐火材料,如图1所示,与实施例1的区别在于,基质占氧化铝耐火材料总重量的30%。骨料占氧化铝耐火材料总重量的60%,氧化铝空心球占骨料总质量的40%,用作骨料成分的耐火纤维糊占骨料总质量的50%。
膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳21厚度为15cm。远红外辐射性涂料22厚度为5cm。
本实施例所获得的氧化铝耐火材料耐火度较高,可达1750℃±50℃,适用于温度≤1650℃的工作环境,成本较高,长期使用过程中,不易出现裂纹。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例,凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种防裂耐火材料,其特征在于:包括背火层(1)、V型钩(3)和复合临火层(2),所述背火层(1)包括基质和骨料;
所述基质包括金刚砂和Al2O3微粉,所述骨料包括氧化铝空心球、氧化铬颗粒和耐火纤维糊,所述复合临火层(2)为氧化铝耐火材料的高温工作面,所述复合临火层(2)包括膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳(21)和远红外辐射性涂料(22);
其制备方法如下:
(1)将金刚砂和Al2O3微粉按照重量1:1的比例混合,搅拌均匀,得到基质;
(2)将氧化铝空心球、氧化铬颗粒和耐火纤维糊按照重量1:1:1的比例混合,并充分搅拌,得到骨料;
(3)将步骤(1)中的所述基质倒入到步骤(2)中的所述骨料中,加水搅拌,混合均匀,并经过加压震动处理,制得所需尺寸和形状定型品,在所述定型品外表面均匀插设V型钩(3),所述V型钩(3)的一半长度插设在所述定型品内,将插设有所述V型钩(3)的所述定型品100-105℃干燥24-36小时后于1500-1600℃保温5-7小时烧成,得到背火层(1);
(4)将膨胀蛭石、耐火纤维糊和石墨乳按照重量1:1:2的比例混合,搅拌均匀,得到膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳(21),将所述膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳(21)涂覆在所述背火层(1)表面,所述V型钩(3)一半填埋在所述背火层(1)中,另一半填埋在所述膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳(21)内;
(5)将远红外辐射性涂料(22)涂覆在所述膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳(21)表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防裂耐火材料,其特征在于:所述基质占氧化铝耐火材料总重量的20-30%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防裂耐火材料,其特征在于:所述骨料占氧化铝耐火材料总重量的50-60%,所述氧化铝空心球占所述骨料总质量的30-40%,用作骨料成分的所述耐火纤维糊占所述骨料总质量的40-50%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防裂耐火材料,其特征在于:所述膨胀蛭石-耐火纤维糊-石墨混合乳(21)厚度为10-15cm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种防裂耐火材料,其特征在于:所述远红外辐射性涂料(22)厚度为2-5cm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种防裂耐火材料,其特征在于:所述氧化铝空心球中的Al2O3含量≥99%。
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