CN109324248B - Integrated vector network analyzer for data domain analysis and testing method thereof - Google Patents
Integrated vector network analyzer for data domain analysis and testing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
The invention discloses an integrated vector network analyzer for data domain analysis and a test method thereof, and particularly relates to the technical field of high-speed data transmission test. The invention expands the hardware architecture of the existing vector network analyzer, adds a sampling head, pulse generation and the like, and is used for completing the time domain characteristic test of a high-speed data transmission system; firstly, obtaining a data domain code pattern through a code pattern generation algorithm, interpolating according to parameters such as rise-fall time, transmission data rate and the like to obtain an input signal of a high-speed data transmission system, then interpolating amplitude and phase of network parameters of a frequency domain by using an interpolation algorithm, analyzing and compensating passivity, causality and symmetry of the network parameters obtained through interpolation, after the previous steps are completed, convolving the input signal and the compensated network parameters to obtain time domain response passing through the system, further analyzing to obtain eye pattern, jitter and other time domain characteristics of a system receiving end, and completing the analysis process from the time domain, the frequency domain and the data domain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-speed data transmission testing, in particular to an integrated vector network analyzer for data domain analysis and a testing method thereof.
Background
In the test of a high-speed data transmission system, a vector network analyzer is mainly used for the frequency domain characteristic test of components such as a connector, a cable and a back plate in the system, and an oscilloscope is mainly used for the time domain characteristic test of the waveform, eye pattern, jitter, time domain reflection and the like of the system. Traditionally, to complete the entire test of the system, engineers need to use multiple instruments to connect the tested piece multiple times, and the operation is complicated and the test precision is low.
With the rapid development of emerging technologies such as fifth-generation mobile communication, internet of things, artificial intelligence, virtual reality and automatic driving, as a foundation for the technologies, a high-speed data transmission system must also follow the rapid development of the emerging technologies. Each new technology brings new testing challenges to high-speed digital design, and these testing problems are mainly present in three fields, namely high-speed computing interface, data center interconnection and consumer electronics. The high-speed computing interface mainly comprises a DDR memory interface and a PCIe high-speed data interface; the main research and test content of data center interconnection is the 802.3 Ethernet standard, the QSFP photoelectric conversion interface is tested, and the current data center interconnection is rapidly promoted from 100Gbps to 400 Gbps; the consumer electronics are closely related to our daily life, are also the latest products of the aforementioned emerging technologies and end users, and as interfaces such as USB, HDMI, and DP are upgraded and evolved, the high-speed testing challenges are more and more. Aiming at the test of a high-speed data transmission system in the new technology, engineers need to perfect the high-speed digital design of products from various angles such as design, simulation, analysis, debugging, consistency test and the like.
Currently, high speed data transmission system testing solutions are introduced by major instrumentation vendors, such as Descience, Tak and force in the United states. The technical scheme is relatively complete, vector network analysis is provided for frequency domain test, an oscilloscope is provided for time domain test, and an advanced software design system (ADS) can complete data domain analysis. However, this solution is not an integrated solution and requires multiple instruments and software to complete the entire test.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an integrated vector network analyzer for data domain analysis and a testing method thereof, which reduce the requirements on the types of testing instruments, can complete various tests by one-time connection, and simultaneously reduce the testing cost and improve the testing precision.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme:
the integrated vector network analyzer comprises a signal source, a directional coupler, a coaxial connector, a sampling head, a frequency mixer and an intermediate frequency receiver, wherein the coaxial connector is connected with a selector switch, the directional coupler or the sampling head is selectively communicated through the selector switch, the intermediate frequency receiver is connected with an intermediate frequency selector switch, the frequency mixer or the sampling head is selectively communicated through the intermediate frequency selector switch, the frequency mixer is connected with a local oscillator, and the local oscillator and the sampling head are connected with the same time base.
Preferably, the method comprises a frequency domain parameter test mode and a time domain parameter test mode, wherein in the test process, the test mode is switched to the frequency domain test mode firstly, and is calibrated to an instrument port; then connecting the cable and the clamp to the analyzer, and obtaining a cable and clamp model by using a TRL (true register language) or an automatic clamp removing method; and finally, switching the analyzer to a time domain mode, and after a test result is obtained, correcting by using the model of the previous step to improve the test precision, wherein:
frequency domain parameter test mode: the method comprises the following steps that a change-over switch and an intermediate frequency change-over switch are simultaneously switched to the upper part, sweep frequency or dot frequency sinusoidal signals generated by a signal source are output to a coaxial connector through a directional coupler, reflected signals enter a mixer through a coupling port of the directional coupler, generated intermediate frequency signals enter an intermediate frequency receiver through the intermediate frequency change-over switch, transmission signals of the coaxial connector enter the other port through a tested piece, enter the intermediate frequency receiver according to the same path, and frequency domain parameters are generated through filtering and normalization processing after incident and reflected signals enter the intermediate frequency receiver;
time domain parameter test mode: the selector switch and the intermediate frequency selector switch are simultaneously switched to the lower part, after the coaxial connector receives an external test signal, the test signal of the sampling head in a small time window is kept, then the kept electric signal is sent to the intermediate frequency receiver for data processing, and after repeated sampling is carried out on repeated digital signals for a plurality of periods, time domain reconstruction of the test signal is completed.
Preferably, a model of the cable and the clamp between the instrument and the tested piece is obtained by using a de-embedding algorithm of the vector network analyzer, and after a test result is obtained, the model is used for correction.
The testing method of the integrated vector network analyzer adopts the integrated vector network analyzer for data domain analysis, obtains the code patterns of the data domains 0 and 1 by using a code pattern generation algorithm, obtains the input signal of a high-speed data system according to the rise-fall time of a digital signal and the interpolation of data rate parameters, then convolves the input signal with the network parameters of a tested piece to obtain the time domain response of a system receiving end, and further analyzes to obtain the eye pattern, jitter and other time domain characteristics of the system receiving end; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: connecting the radio frequency cable to the vector network analyzer for data domain analysis, then completing the calibration of the vector network analyzer by using a mechanical or electronic calibration piece to obtain a calibration error item, and extending the test end face to the end face of the coaxial connector of the radio frequency cable;
step two: connecting the tested piece and a vector network analyzer together by using the radio frequency cable and the test fixture in the step I, then obtaining a model of the fixture by using a TRL (true tree language) or automatic fixture removal algorithm, and extending the test end face to the connection position of the test fixture and the tested piece;
③, the vector network analyzer for data field analysis measures the frequency domain S parameter of the tested object, and corrects the frequency domain S parameter by using the calibration error term obtained in step ① and step ② and the de-embedded model to obtain the accurate S parameter matrix S of the tested objectDUT；
Step IV: setting data rate, rise-fall time and high-low level parameters required by analysis, selecting the type of a data domain, and generating a data domain code pattern according to the set type;
step ⑤ generating ④ data field pattern, interpolating to generate time-domain sample data V according to the data rate, rise-fall time and high-low level parameters set in step ④ for convolution with the tested frequency-domain datainput；
⑥, obtaining time domain sampling time interval and sampling time length corresponding to the frequency domain S parameter in step ③ according to the test frequency width and the number of test points, comparing the time domain sampling time interval with the sampling time interval of the time domain sampling data in step ⑤, and sampling data V in time domain of code patterninputWith respect to the frequency domain S parameter S obtained in step ③, with the sampling time interval of (a) as a referenceDUTInterpolation is carried out to obtain SDUTInterThe interpolation process is to use S parameter SDUTExpanding the amplitude and phase form, and performing interpolation according to the required point number by utilizing linearity or spline;
step ⑦, interpolating S parameter SDUTInterDetecting passivity, causality and symmetry, if the S parameter does not satisfy one of the three characteristics after interpolation, compensating the characteristic, and obtaining a corrected S parameter matrix S after detection and compensationDUTupdate；
⑧, converting the S parameter S obtained in the step ⑦ into a time domain through a frequency domain to time domain conversion algorithmDUTupdateAnd (3) converting the time domain sample data waveform of the code pattern generated in the step ⑤ into a time domain impulse response, and performing convolution operation on the time domain sample data waveform of the code pattern and the generated time domain impulse response to obtain time domain response data of the data domain code pattern after passing through a passive high-speed data channel, thereby further completing analysis of an eye pattern and jitter.
Preferably, the interpolation in step ⑥ is performed by using S parameter SDUTAnd expanding the phase and amplitude forms, and performing interpolation according to the required point number by utilizing linearity or splines.
Preferably, the frequency domain to time domain transform algorithm in the step (viii) is an inverse fast fourier transform algorithm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the integrated vector network analyzer for data domain analysis can complete the frequency domain, time domain and data domain characteristic tests of a high-speed data transmission system; the complexity of a test system is reduced, the cost of a user is reduced, the connection times of a tested piece are reduced, and repeated connection errors are avoided;
2) when time domain characteristic test is carried out, the error of the instrument and a test fixture can be compensated by using an advanced calibration algorithm of a vector network analyzer, so that the test error is reduced, and the test precision is improved;
3) when the data domain test is carried out, the network parameters obtained by interpolation are subjected to passivity, causality and symmetry analysis and compensation, so that the accuracy of time domain response of a receiving end is improved, and the data domain test precision is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single port hardware component of an integrated vector network analyzer for data domain analysis;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a time domain test scheme of the test method;
FIG. 3 is a block flow diagram of a time domain test;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a data field parameter setting dialog;
FIG. 5 is a data field pattern;
FIG. 6 is a time domain sampled data waveform of a pattern;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a test data flow.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the integrated vector network analyzer for data domain analysis includes a signal source, a directional coupler, a coaxial connector, a sampling head, a mixer and an intermediate frequency receiver, wherein the coaxial connector is connected with a switch, the directional coupler or the sampling head is selectively connected and communicated through the switch, the intermediate frequency receiver is connected with an intermediate frequency switch, the mixer or the sampling head is selectively connected and communicated through the intermediate frequency switch, the mixer is connected with a local oscillator, and the local oscillator and the sampling head are connected with a same time base.
The network analyzer comprises a frequency domain parameter test mode and a time domain parameter test mode, wherein in the test process, the frequency domain test mode is firstly switched to, and the frequency domain test mode is calibrated to an instrument port; then connecting the cable and the clamp to the analyzer, and obtaining a cable and clamp model by using a TRL (true register language) or an automatic clamp removing method; and finally, switching the analyzer to a time domain mode, and after a test result is obtained, correcting by using the model of the previous step to improve the test precision, wherein:
frequency domain parameter test mode: the method comprises the following steps that a change-over switch and an intermediate frequency change-over switch are simultaneously switched to the upper part, sweep frequency or dot frequency sinusoidal signals generated by a signal source are output to a coaxial connector through a directional coupler, reflected signals enter a mixer through a coupling port of the directional coupler, generated intermediate frequency signals enter an intermediate frequency receiver through the intermediate frequency change-over switch, transmission signals of the coaxial connector enter the other port through a tested piece, enter the intermediate frequency receiver according to the same path, and frequency domain parameters are generated through filtering and normalization processing after incident and reflected signals enter the intermediate frequency receiver;
time domain parameter test mode: the method comprises the steps that a selector switch and an intermediate frequency selector switch are simultaneously dialed to the lower portion, after a coaxial connector receives an external test signal, the test signal of a sampling head in a small time window is kept, then the kept electric signal is sent to an intermediate frequency receiver for data processing, repeated sampling is conducted on repeated digital signals for a plurality of periods, time domain reconstruction of the test signal is completed, the reconstruction flow of the test signal is shown in figure 2, the sampling head in an analyzer needs to use high-speed pulses to complete sampling and holding, the pulses can also be used as the test signal and sent to a tested piece, spontaneous and self-receiving of the whole test is completed, dependence on the external test signal or instrument is reduced, and the correction flow chart of the time domain test is shown in figure 3.
And obtaining a model of a cable and a clamp between the instrument and the tested piece by using a de-embedding algorithm of the vector network analyzer, and correcting by using the model after obtaining a test result.
As shown in fig. 7, the test method of the integrated vector network analyzer adopts the integrated vector network analyzer for data domain analysis as described above, obtains the code patterns of data domains 0 and 1 by using a code pattern generation algorithm, obtains the input signal of the high-speed data system by interpolation according to the rise-fall time of the digital signal and the data rate parameter, then convolves the input signal with the network parameter of the tested piece to obtain the time domain response of the system receiving end, and further analyzes to obtain the eye pattern, jitter and other time domain characteristics of the system receiving end; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: connecting the radio frequency cable to the vector network analyzer for data domain analysis, then completing the calibration of the vector network analyzer by using a mechanical or electronic calibration piece to obtain a calibration error item, and extending the test end face to the end face of the coaxial connector of the radio frequency cable;
step two: connecting the tested piece and a vector network analyzer together by using the radio frequency cable and the test fixture in the step I, then obtaining a model of the fixture by using a TRL (true tree language) or automatic fixture removal algorithm, and extending the test end face to the connection position of the test fixture and the tested piece;
③, the vector network analyzer for data field analysis measures the frequency domain S parameter of the tested object, and corrects the frequency domain S parameter by using the calibration error term obtained in step ① and step ② and the de-embedded model to obtain the accurate S parameter matrix S of the tested objectDUT；
Step IV: setting parameters such as data rate, rise-fall time, high-low level and the like required by analysis by using a data field parameter dialog box of FIG. 4, selecting the type of a data field, and generating a data field code pattern as shown in FIG. 5 according to the set type;
step ⑤ generating ④ data domain pattern for convolution with the frequency domain data under test, generating time domain sample data V as shown in FIG. 6 by interpolation based on the data rate, rise and fall times, and high and low level parameters set in step ④input；
⑥, obtaining time domain sampling time interval and sampling time length corresponding to the frequency domain S parameter in step ③ according to the test frequency width and the number of test points, comparing the time domain sampling time interval with the sampling time interval of the time domain sampling data in step ⑤, and sampling data V in time domain of code patterninputAt the time of samplingWith the interval as the reference, the frequency domain S parameter S obtained in step ③DUTInterpolation is carried out to obtain SDUTInterThe interpolation process is to use S parameter SDUTAnd expanding the phase and amplitude forms, and performing interpolation according to the required point number by utilizing linearity or splines.
Step ⑦, interpolating S parameter SDUTInterDetecting passivity, causality and symmetry, if the S parameter does not satisfy one of the three characteristics after interpolation, compensating the characteristic, and obtaining a corrected S parameter matrix S after detection and compensationDUTupdate；
⑧, converting the S parameter S obtained in the step ⑦ into a time domain through a frequency domain to time domain conversion algorithmDUTupdateAnd (3) converting the time domain sample data waveform of the code pattern generated in the step ⑤ into a time domain impulse response, and performing convolution operation on the time domain sample data waveform of the code pattern and the generated time domain impulse response to obtain time domain response data of the data domain code pattern after passing through a passive high-speed data channel, thereby further completing analysis of an eye pattern and jitter.
Preferably, the interpolation in step ⑥ is performed by using S parameter SDUTAnd expanding the phase and amplitude forms, and performing interpolation according to the required point number by utilizing linearity or splines.
Preferably, the frequency domain to time domain transform algorithm of the step (viii) is an inverse fast fourier transform algorithm (IFFT).
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The integrated vector network analyzer is characterized by comprising a signal source, a directional coupler, a coaxial connector, a sampling head, a frequency mixer and an intermediate frequency receiver, wherein the coaxial connector is connected with a selector switch, the directional coupler or the sampling head is selectively communicated through the selector switch, the intermediate frequency receiver is connected with an intermediate frequency selector switch, the frequency mixer or the sampling head is selectively communicated through the intermediate frequency selector switch, the frequency mixer is connected with a local oscillator, and the local oscillator and the sampling head are connected with the same time base.
2. The integrated vector network analyzer for data domain analysis according to claim 1, comprising a frequency domain parameter test mode and a time domain parameter test mode, wherein during the test, the frequency domain parameter test mode is switched to first, and the test is calibrated to the instrument port; then connecting the cable and the clamp to the analyzer, and obtaining a cable and clamp model by using a TRL (true Ring learning language) or automatic clamp removal algorithm; and finally, switching the analyzer to a time domain mode, and after a test result is obtained, correcting by using the model of the previous step to improve the test precision, wherein:
frequency domain parameter test mode: the method comprises the following steps that a change-over switch and an intermediate frequency change-over switch are simultaneously switched to the upper part, sweep frequency or dot frequency sinusoidal signals generated by a signal source are output to a coaxial connector through a directional coupler, reflected signals enter a mixer through a coupling port of the directional coupler, generated intermediate frequency signals enter an intermediate frequency receiver through the intermediate frequency change-over switch, transmission signals of the coaxial connector enter the other port through a tested piece, enter the intermediate frequency receiver according to the same path, and frequency domain parameters are generated through filtering and normalization processing after incident and reflected signals enter the intermediate frequency receiver;
time domain parameter test mode: the selector switch and the intermediate frequency selector switch are simultaneously switched to the lower part, after the coaxial connector receives an external test signal, the test signal of the sampling head in a small time window is kept, then the kept electric signal is sent to the intermediate frequency receiver for data processing, and after repeated sampling is carried out on repeated digital signals for a plurality of periods, time domain reconstruction of the test signal is completed.
3. The integrated vector network analyzer for data domain analysis according to claim 2, wherein the model of the cable and the clamp between the analyzer and the tested object is obtained by using the de-embedding algorithm of the vector network analyzer, and after the test result is obtained, the model is used for correction.
4. The test method of the integrated vector network analyzer, adopt the integrated vector network analyzer for data domain analysis of any claim 1-3, characterized by that, utilize the code pattern to produce the algorithm and get the data domain 0, 1 code pattern, according to rising-falling time and data rate parameter interpolation of the digital signal and getting the input signal of the high-speed data system, then carry on the convolution and get the time domain response of the system receiving end with the network parameter of the measured piece of the input signal, further analyze and get the eye pattern, shaking the time domain characteristic of the system receiving end; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: connecting the radio frequency cable to the vector network analyzer for data domain analysis, then completing the calibration of the vector network analyzer by using a mechanical or electronic calibration piece to obtain a calibration error item, and extending the test end face to the end face of the coaxial connector of the radio frequency cable;
step two: connecting the tested piece and a vector network analyzer together by using the radio frequency cable and the test fixture in the step I, then obtaining a model of the fixture by using a TRL (true tree language) or automatic fixture removal algorithm, and extending the test end face to the connection position of the test fixture and the tested piece;
③, the vector network analyzer for data field analysis measures the frequency domain S parameter of the tested object, and corrects the frequency domain S parameter by using the calibration error term obtained in step ① and step ② and the de-embedded model to obtain the accurate S parameter matrix S of the tested objectDUT；
Step IV: setting data rate, rise-fall time and high-low level parameters required by analysis, selecting the type of a data domain, and generating a data domain code pattern according to the set type;
step ⑤ generating ④ data field pattern, interpolating to generate time-domain sample data V according to the data rate, rise-fall time and high-low level parameters set in step ④ for convolution with the tested frequency-domain datainput；
⑥, obtaining the time domain sampling time interval and the sampling time length corresponding to the frequency domain S parameter in the step ③ according to the test frequency width and the test point number, and comparing the time domain sampling time interval and the sampling time length with the sampling time interval of the time domain sampling data in the step ⑤Time domain sampled data V in code forminputWith respect to the frequency domain S parameter S obtained in step ③, with the sampling time interval of (a) as a referenceDUTInterpolation is carried out to obtain SDUTInterThe interpolation process is to use S parameter SDUTExpanding the amplitude and phase form, and performing interpolation according to the required point number by utilizing linearity or spline;
step ⑦, interpolating S parameter SDUTInterDetecting passivity, causality and symmetry, if the S parameter does not satisfy one of the three characteristics after interpolation, compensating the characteristic, and obtaining a corrected S parameter matrix S after detection and compensationDUTupdate；
⑧, converting the S parameter S obtained in the step ⑦ into a time domain through a frequency domain to time domain conversion algorithmDUTupdateAnd (3) converting the time domain sample data waveform of the code pattern generated in the step ⑤ into a time domain impulse response, and performing convolution operation on the time domain sample data waveform of the code pattern and the generated time domain impulse response to obtain time domain response data of the data domain code pattern after passing through a passive high-speed data channel, thereby further completing analysis of an eye pattern and jitter.
5. The method for testing an integrated vector network analyzer as claimed in claim 4, wherein the interpolation in step ⑥ is performed by using S parameter SDUTAnd expanding the phase and amplitude forms, and performing interpolation according to the required point number by utilizing linearity or splines.
6. The method for testing an integrated vector network analyzer according to claim 4, wherein the frequency domain to time domain transform algorithm of the step (viii) is an inverse fast fourier transform algorithm.
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