CN114244481A - Eye pattern algorithm based on interpolation - Google Patents
Eye pattern algorithm based on interpolation Download PDFInfo
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- CN114244481A CN114244481A CN202111412173.0A CN202111412173A CN114244481A CN 114244481 A CN114244481 A CN 114244481A CN 202111412173 A CN202111412173 A CN 202111412173A CN 114244481 A CN114244481 A CN 114244481A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/20—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using signal quality detector
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R13/00—Arrangements for displaying electric variables or waveforms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/18—Complex mathematical operations for evaluating statistical data, e.g. average values, frequency distributions, probability functions, regression analysis
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/24—Testing correct operation
Abstract
The invention discloses an eye pattern algorithm based on interpolation, which comprises the following steps: s1: establishing a baseband signal and eye pattern association, converting intersymbol interference strength information generated by the signal through the eye pattern, and then acquiring the eye pattern information; s2: setting a height and width window during parameter entering, creating a zero matrix of the height and the width, and solving the maximum value and the minimum value of y in the matrix; s3: initializing the starting point, judging whether the starting point and the user-defined window are greater than the boundary length, if not, ending interpolation intervention, and if so, entering the step S4; s4: inputting an interpolation instruction, enabling a starting point and a self-defined window to be consistent with a threshold level of an end point, inserting an instruction yy to be y [ start: end +1], creating an array k with the same size as yy, and enabling yy to be dt to be k; s5: and calculating a cubic spline interpolation function according to the values of xx and yy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an interpolation eye pattern algorithm, in particular to an eye pattern algorithm based on interpolation.
Background
The eye diagram is a display diagram formed by overlapping each symbol waveform obtained by scanning with an oscilloscope by using afterglow action. The eye diagram contains rich information, the influence of intersymbol interference and noise can be observed from the eye diagram, the integral characteristics of the digital signal are reflected, and the quality degree of the system can be estimated, so that the eye diagram analysis is the core of the signal integrity analysis of the high-speed interconnection system. In addition, the characteristic of the receiving filter can be adjusted by the graph so as to reduce intersymbol interference and improve the transmission performance of the system.
In the field of high-speed signal transmission system design and test, eye diagram analysis is an important tool for signal integrity analysis. According to the conventional method for analyzing the eye pattern of the signal transmission system, an input signal is required to be given to the input end of the system to be tested, an oscilloscope is used for collecting signals at the receiving end of the system to be tested, and the signal waveforms in a long time are accumulated and superposed into the eye pattern through the afterglow characteristic of the oscilloscope. In order to analyze the influence of disturbances such as jitter and noise contained in the input signal on the transmission performance, a concept of a statistical eye pattern is generated, which expresses the probability that the output signal appears at each amplitude at each time in one clock cycle in the form of an eye pattern. In order to obtain probability information of an output signal, excitation containing specific jitter or noise needs to be provided for a transmission system to be tested, the output signal is measured and collected, and statistical analysis is carried out; in order to make the statistical analysis result approach the distribution probability of the actual output signal, the data collection amount should be large enough, and the time required for signal collection is long enough.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that common eye diagrams are observed through related instruments such as an oscilloscope and the like, and the performance of a demodulation algorithm is inconvenient to verify.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an interpolation-based eye diagram algorithm, the algorithm comprising the steps of:
s1: setting a height and width window during parameter entering, creating a zero matrix of the height and the width, and solving the maximum value and the minimum value of y in the matrix;
s2: initializing the starting point, judging whether the starting point and the user-defined window are greater than the boundary length, if not, ending interpolation intervention, and if so, entering the step S4;
s3: inputting an interpolation instruction, enabling a starting point and a self-defined window to be consistent with a threshold level of an end point, inserting an instruction yy to be y [ start: end +1], creating an array k with the same size as yy, and enabling yy to be dt to be k;
s4: calculating a cubic spline interpolation function according to values of xx and yy, calculating a random value according to beta distribution, adding a beta random value on the basis of xx variables, calling a bre _ current _ count function to assign values to counts, finally making a starting point equal to an ending point, returning to the step S3 for counting, and judging whether the starting point and the self-defined window boundary are greater than the boundary length again.
At present, a scheme of generating a statistical eye diagram based on data statistical analysis is mostly adopted, an output signal under the action of jitter or noise is obtained through measurement or simulation, and the distribution probability of the output signal under specific interference is approximately obtained through statistical analysis of the output signal with large data volume, so that the statistical eye diagram is drawn. The method has high requirement on the data volume of the output signal, the output signal with a long time needs to be calculated through convolution and subjected to statistical analysis, and the calculation process consumes a large amount of time. One, the amount of raw sampling data required for eye diagram statistics is greatly increased compared to drawing (non-statistical) eye diagrams; according to the law of large numbers, in order to enable the statistical result to approach to the actual probability distribution, the original data volume in the statistics is required to be ensured to be large enough; therefore, the premise of acquiring the distribution probability information with higher accuracy by statistical analysis of the original sampling data is to acquire sampling data with a sufficiently large data volume, thereby increasing the time required for signal acquisition or simulation in the statistical eye diagram drawing process. The statistical eye pattern takes longer time for performing statistical analysis on the original sampling data; the distribution probability obtained by the statistical analysis method needs to be traversed for a plurality of times on the original data, and the time consumed by each traversal operation is longer when the original data volume is larger, so that the time cost for drawing the statistical eye diagram is increased. The reliability of the statistical analysis result of the statistical eye pattern is poor; the interference to the original sampling data can be divided into two types of interference in a test system and random interference; the influence of the former on original sampling data is difficult to eliminate, so that the reliability of a statistical result is greatly reduced, for example, the input excitation of a tested transmission system does not meet the requirement or is interfered by other factors; the latter can be suppressed by increasing the amount of data collected, but this will further increase the time cost of drawing the statistical eye pattern.
Further, in step S1, signal acquisition is performed, and inter-symbol interference strength information generated by the signal is converted through an eye diagram, where the inter-symbol interference is a disturbance in an interval generated by waveform deformation, broadening and leading output waveform tailing generated by fluctuation during signal transmission in the transmission system.
Further, when the height and width windows are set in step S2, the height and width windows are set after preliminary estimation is performed according to the collected eye diagram information data, and it is ensured that the height and width windows are larger than the eye diagram coverage.
Further, the stronger the intersymbol crosstalk signal in step S1 is, the greater the noise is generated, the larger the eye pattern track width and depth are, the larger the intersection between codes is, and the less the eye pattern is corrected.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. according to the eye pattern algorithm based on interpolation, the eye pattern is directly generated according to the demodulated signal sample, so that the eye pattern effect can be visually seen without external equipment, and the transmission characteristic of a channel and the performance of the demodulation algorithm are conveniently measured;
drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the algorithm of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the algorithm of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the algorithm of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the yes _ current _ count function.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the yes _ current _ count function.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the eye diagram algorithm based on interpolation of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1: setting a height and width window during parameter entering, creating a zero matrix of the height and the width, and solving the maximum value and the minimum value of y in the matrix;
s2: initializing the starting point, judging whether the starting point and the user-defined window are greater than the boundary length, if not, ending interpolation intervention, and if so, entering the step S4;
s3: inputting an interpolation instruction, enabling a starting point and a self-defined window to be consistent with a threshold level of an end point, inserting an instruction yy to be y [ start: end +1], creating an array k with the same size as yy, and enabling yy to be dt to be k;
s4: calculating a cubic spline interpolation function according to values of xx and yy, calculating a random value according to beta distribution, adding a beta random value on the basis of xx variables, calling a bre _ current _ count function to assign values to counts, finally making a starting point equal to an ending point, returning to the step S3 for counting, and judging whether the starting point and the self-defined window boundary are greater than the boundary length again.
In practical communication systems, it is difficult to completely eliminate crosstalk between codes. This is mainly due to the fact that the signal of the transmission system is unstable during transmission, so that the waveform is deformed and broadened, and the waveform has a long trailing phenomenon before, and the sampling time point of the observed code element is observed. The influence on the error rate does not find a statistical rule which can be processed mathematically, and the calculation for pertinence in the aspect can not be carried out.
Theoretically, as long as the baseband transmission function satisfies the nyquist criterion, the inter-symbol interference can be eliminated. In practice, however, system performance may not achieve the desired goal due to factors such as interference and transmission between symbols, receive filter characteristics, channel characteristics, etc.
The inter-symbol crosstalk in step S1 is a disturbance in an interval caused by waveform deformation, broadening, and leading output waveform tailing due to fluctuation during signal transmission in the transmission system. When the height and width windows are set in step S2, the height and width windows are set after preliminary estimation according to the collected eye diagram information data, and it is ensured that the height and width windows are larger than the eye diagram coverage. The stronger the intersymbol crosstalk signal in step S1 is, the greater the noise generated, the greater the width and depth of the eye pattern track, the greater the intersection between the codes, and the less the correction of the eye pattern.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An interpolation-based eye diagram algorithm, comprising the steps of:
s1: setting a height and width window during parameter entering, creating a zero matrix of the height and the width, and solving the maximum value and the minimum value of y in the matrix;
s2: initializing the starting point, judging whether the starting point and the user-defined window are greater than the boundary length, if not, ending interpolation intervention, and if so, entering the step S4;
s3: inputting an interpolation instruction, enabling a starting point and a self-defined window to be consistent with a threshold level of an end point, inserting an instruction yy to be y [ start: end +1], creating an array k with the same size as yy, and enabling yy to be dt to be k;
s4: calculating a cubic spline interpolation function according to values of xx and yy, calculating a random value according to beta distribution, adding a beta random value on the basis of xx variables, calling a bre _ current _ count function to assign values to counts, finally making a starting point equal to an ending point, returning to the step S3 for counting, and judging whether the starting point and the self-defined window boundary are greater than the boundary length again.
2. The interpolation-based eye pattern algorithm of claim 1, wherein, in step S1, signal acquisition is performed, and inter-symbol interference strength information generated by the signal is converted by the eye pattern, and the inter-symbol interference is a disturbance in an interval generated by waveform deformation, broadening and leading output waveform tailing generated by fluctuation during signal transmission in the transmission system.
3. The interpolation-based eye pattern algorithm of claim 2, wherein the stronger the intersymbol interference signal in step S1, the more noise is generated, the larger the eye pattern track width and depth, the larger the intersection between codes, and the less eye pattern correction.
4. The interpolation-based eye pattern algorithm of claim 1, wherein when the height and width windows are set in step S2, the height and width windows are set after performing preliminary estimation according to the collected eye pattern information data, and the height and width windows are ensured to be larger than the eye pattern coverage.
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| CN112462121A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-03-09 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | Eye pattern wave filter system and eye pattern testing method |
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| US20040131113A1 (en) * | 2003-01-08 | 2004-07-08 | Yong Rao | Zero crossing method of symbol rate and timing estimation |
| CN101558568A (en) * | 2006-07-21 | 2009-10-14 | 惠瑞捷（新加坡）私人有限公司 | Undersampling of a repetitive signal for measuring transistion times to reconstruct an analog waveform |
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