CN109312623B - 用于接合模块化叶片的装置 - Google Patents

用于接合模块化叶片的装置 Download PDF

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CN109312623B
CN109312623B CN201680085286.5A CN201680085286A CN109312623B CN 109312623 B CN109312623 B CN 109312623B CN 201680085286 A CN201680085286 A CN 201680085286A CN 109312623 B CN109312623 B CN 109312623B
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J·蒙雷阿尔·莱斯梅斯
J·卡伦·埃斯卡坦
I·阿罗塞纳·德拉·鲁阿
H·R·萨维·科斯塔
E·桑泽·巴斯库尔
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Nabrawind Technologies SL
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/02—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
    • F01D1/06—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F03D1/0633—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/302—Segmented or sectional blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F05B2260/301—Retaining bolts or nuts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2/00—Friction-grip releasable fastenings
    • F16B2/02—Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening
    • F16B2/14—Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the fastening using wedges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B31/00—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts
    • F16B31/04—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts for maintaining a tensile load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/02—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread
    • F16B5/0275—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread the screw-threaded element having at least two axially separated threaded portions
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于接合模块化叶片的装置，由多个螺栓(8)形成接头，所述多个螺栓(8)被固定到容纳在两个待接合模块(1，2)的复合材料中的插件(3，4)之间。该装置允许螺栓(8)被预加载比已知系统更少的施加力和更大的精度，这样还确保了装置免维护。为此目的，每个装置均由侧盖(9)、上楔(10)和下楔(11)以及横向螺栓(12)形成，所有这些都围绕设置在两个叶片模块(1，2)之间的孔内部的对应螺栓(8)。当向楔(10，11)施加力F1时，侧盖(9)以将模块(1，2)分离的力响应并且对螺栓(8)施加预应力。

Description

用于接合模块化叶片的装置
技术领域
本发明被包含在风轮机领域内，并且更具体地，被包含在用于模块化叶片的接头中，所述接头包括在其对应金属插件内的各种拧入的螺栓和对所有螺栓施加预应力的施用在插件/叶片模块之间的装置。
背景技术
申请人与本发明相同的专利WO2015181401描述了模块化叶片的接头，其中，使用主金属插件和副金属插件之间的各种栓紧的螺栓来固定模块。一旦各螺栓被拧入其插件中，在考虑到两个叶片模块之间的空间有多小的情况下，螺栓必须承受应力。在该专利中描述了既用于初始拉伸螺栓又使用按一定间隔布置的间隔件来保持该拉伸或预应力的各种解决方案。
在详细开发期间和接头验证期间，找到了更快速和更简单的解决方案：基于垂直于移动方向定位的楔产生的高强度，用一装置对插件中的每个施加预应力。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是使用在主插件组和副插件组之间的拴紧的螺栓组机械地接合风轮机叶片，从而在叶片模块之间形成的孔上方添加楔状金属装置作为简单的施加预应力的机器。该施加预应力的装置最终填充孔并形成独立接头的部分。
本发明的另一个目的是基于所述楔实现简单的机械作用，所述楔被独立施用在由单个拴紧的螺栓形成的接合点中的每个上，从而获得所需的预应力。构成该装置的主要元件是侧盖和中央楔，中央楔供其对应的横向螺栓穿过。侧盖和中央楔都具有指向相反方向的面。
本发明的目的是通过楔实现的，该楔将要么通过横向螺栓要么通过直接施加到楔的外力所施加的垂直力转换成对单个螺栓单独施加预应力的两个相反的水平力。由于倾斜平面中的力的分解，楔的角度决定所施加力与所得的横向力之比。
以下优点源自上述所有内容。
接头安装简单，可容易达到必要的预应力。这是由于用楔元件所获得的力倍增效应而实现的。所有简单机器的共同效果是将小的力转换成大的力。像楔一样的一些机器也转换力的方向。
此外，这些部件的高压缩刚度意味着，它们表现得像刚性固体物体一样，与具有以一定间隔布置的柔性元件的系统中相比，允许对预载荷进行稳健得多的几何控制。
用这种新系统，在主螺栓中获得所需的预应力，从而允许在衬垫中适当分配疲劳载荷，因此确保螺栓的使用寿命。
还必须强调的是，由于楔的倾斜平面上的摩擦防止移位的事实，导致负责初始预应力的横向螺栓几乎不接收疲劳载荷。
既由于以上提到的低载荷，又由于各种元件彼此平行以施加该预载荷的简单事实，这允许该接头系统与传统系统中相比预载荷损失的可能性小得多。
为此原因，该系统在其使用寿命期间不需要再次预加载并且将是免维护的，这是优于以上提到那些优点的大优点。
总之，这种新发明允许在比当前系统更小的施加力和更高的精度的情况下进行预加载，同时确保其免维护。
附图说明
下面，将对可用于更好理解本发明的一系列附图给出简要描述。这些附图仅用作示例，并且明确相关，而不限于本发明的一个实施方式。
图1是模块化叶片接头的总体视图。
图2是隔离的接头装置的立体图。
图3是前图中的装置的横截面。
图4a和图4b是示出楔的动作和对螺栓的效用的两个剖视图。
图5是保持接头装置单元的夹具的总体视图。
具体实施方式
如图1中所示，叶片的模块(1和2)彼此面对并且在其内部具有主金属插件(3)和副金属插件(4)。这些插件(3和4)被容纳在复合材料(5)内，复合材料(5)在制造过程期间构成叶片模块。对于每对插件(3和4)，插件之间的接头由单个螺栓(8)形成。最终的接头由多个螺栓(8)形成。
图2示出该装置包含对应的螺栓(8，在图2中被隐藏)并且处于两个模块(1和2)之间的孔内。该装置由侧盖(9)以及上楔(10)和下楔(11)组成。侧盖(9)其一个面与插件(3和4)接触，其另一个面与上楔(10)和下楔(11)接触。两个楔(10和11)与它们对应的横向螺栓(12)接合。
如图3中所示，插件(3和4)具有螺纹部分和无螺纹中空区域(7)，以便插入螺栓(8)，更具体地，插入其螺纹区域(6)。以这种方式，螺栓(8)初始地被拧入主插件(3)中，穿过螺纹部分，穿透中空区域(7)。此时，它到达第二模块(3)并且从主模块(1)上拧下螺栓并将其拧紧到副插件(4)中。装上侧盖(9)之后，拧入副模块。然后，用上楔(10)和下楔(11)对应的横向螺栓(12)装上上楔(10)和下楔(11)。
图4a和图4b示出当力F1施加到上楔(10)和下楔(11)时，这些楔如何将垂直力转换成两个单独地对单个螺栓(8)施加预应力的水平力F2。楔的角度决定所施加的力与所得的力之比；最常见的范围介于任何大于0°和15°的角度之间。在本发明中，由楔形成的角度优选地为5°。
施加到上楔(10)和下楔(11)的力要么是由横向螺栓(12)在其协调扭矩期间提供的，要么是通过直接施加到楔(10和11)(在其全部上单独或共同地)的外表面的液压或机械设备(13)提供的。
图5示出将使用两个元件(13)上的单个作用系统(例如，液压的)同时施加横向力的系统，这两个元件(13)将接触楔(10和11)，从而使它们彼此更靠近。
在图2和图3中，上楔(10)具有至少两个横向螺栓(12)，在本发明的实际应用中，横向螺栓(12)将是其头部被插入楔中的四个横向螺栓(12)。这些横向螺栓(12)是贯穿螺栓，延伸到下楔(11)而不穿过它。
一旦完成对螺栓(12)施加预应力，接头就会用自锁螺纹、粘合剂等进行机械锁定。

Claims (8)

1.一种模块化叶片，所述模块化叶片包括第一模块(1)、第二模块(2)以及用于接合所述第一模块(1)和所述第二模块(2)的接合装置，所述接合装置包括定位在所述第一模块(1)和所述第二模块(2)之间的多个螺栓(8)，其中，每个螺栓(8)均被拧入分别容纳在所述第一模块(1)和所述第二模块(2)中的相应插件(3，4)之间，其特征在于，所述插件(3，4)具有螺纹部分和无螺纹中空区域(7)以便于将相应螺栓(8)插入相对的另一个插件(3，4)，对于每个螺栓(8)，该接合装置包括侧盖(9)、上楔(10)、下楔(11)和横过所述上楔(10)和所述下楔(11)二者的横向螺栓(12)，所述侧盖(9)、所述上楔(10)、所述下楔(11)和所述横向螺栓(12)全都是金属的，围绕对应的所述螺栓(8)并且定位在所述第一模块(1)和第二模块(2)之间存在的间隙内，所述侧盖(9)的一个面与相应插件(3，4)接触，另一个面与所述上楔(10)和所述下楔(11)接触，使得在所述第一模块(1)和所述第二模块(2)的接合过程中，当向所述上楔(10)和所述下楔(11)施加力F1时，所述上楔(10)和所述下楔(11)与所述侧盖(9)之间的移动产生力F2，所述力F2将所述第一模块(1)和所述第二模块(2)分离，从而对对应螺栓(8)施加预应力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的模块化叶片，其中，所述上楔(10)和所述下楔(11)均具有0°至15°之间的倾斜角。
3.根据权利要求1所述的模块化叶片，其中，施加至所述上楔(10)和所述下楔(11)的所述力F1是通过适合于同时作用在所述上楔(10)和所述下楔(11)二者上的液压或机械设备(13)施加的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的模块化叶片，其特征在于，施加至所述上楔(10)的和所述下楔(11)的所述力F1是通过拧入至少两个横向螺栓(12)施加的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的模块化叶片，其中，所述横向螺栓(12)的头部保持在所述上楔(10)的表面的下方并且其主体没有穿过所述下楔(11)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的模块化叶片，其中，所述侧盖是单个部件。
7.根据权利要求2所述的模块化叶片，其中，所述倾斜角为5°。
8.根据权利要求4所述的模块化叶片，其中，所述至少两个横向螺栓(12)包括四个横向螺栓(12)。
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US10767624B2 (en) 2020-09-08
BR112018070316B1 (pt) 2023-01-31
BR112018070316A2 (pt) 2019-01-29
EP3441561A4 (en) 2019-11-13
US20190032634A1 (en) 2019-01-31
CN109312623A (zh) 2019-02-05
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ES2941668T3 (es) 2023-05-24
WO2017174828A8 (es) 2018-12-27

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