CN109312004A - 包含赖氨酸-脲-谷氨酸药效团的改性右旋糖酐缀合物 - Google Patents
包含赖氨酸-脲-谷氨酸药效团的改性右旋糖酐缀合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及改性右旋糖酐缀合物,如胍‑右旋糖酐缀合物,包含PSMA结合三肽。本发明进一步公开了制备所述缀合物的方法以及其用途。本发明的缀合物可用于治疗或诊断与前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)的表达相关的疾病或病症。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包含谷氨酸-脲-赖氨酸(glutamate-urea-lysine)药效团的改性右旋糖酐缀合物,如胍-右旋糖酐缀合物,以及制备所述缀合物的方法。本发明的缀合物可用于治疗或诊断与前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)的表达相关的疾病或病症。
发明背景
羟基聚合物是一类包含多个羟基的糖聚合物,其可以被活化并随后方便地被有效化合物的不同部分取代。右旋糖酐是制药工业中最常用的羟基聚合物之一,具有确定的药物用途,例如用于预防低血容量性休克、预防栓塞和改善微循环。已经很好地记载了右旋糖酐及其无毒性质和高耐受性(AS Segal, 1964 In: Modern medical monographs, 编辑Wright, IS, Green & Stratton, NY, London, 第5-17页)。因此,其常常用作药学可应用的羟基聚合物的一个实例。
胍化合物具有许多有趣且重要的生物医学效应,并因此具有许多用途。它们例如用作自由基清除剂、预防一氧化氮形成的一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制剂。它们已知对细胞具有某些抗增殖作用。该胍类还用作“抗老化”药物,其中通过保护免受低密度脂蛋白氧化、通过预防粥样硬化病变形成、通过经由抑制高级糖基化终产物(AGE)的形成来延迟糖尿病的组织破坏作用(例如心血管损伤)实现该效果。氨基胍目前在美国作为非处方药物提供,并且已经在临床研究中对其在各种疾病的治疗中的作用进行了研究。
据信可以通过快速分裂肿瘤细胞的提高的代谢需求来实现靶向或肿瘤细胞选择性,所述快速分裂肿瘤细胞需要氨基-5-胍基戊酸和结构上相关的胍化合物,以及用于多胺形成的其它成分(D Scott Lind, Am Soc Nutr Sci, 2004, J Nutr, 134:2837-2841;EWayne, Turk J Med Sci, 2003, 33, 195-205)。所述胍化合物的细胞摄取主要经由Na+非依赖性碱性氨基酸运输系统y+来介导(Cendan等人, Ann Surg Oncol, 1995, 2:257-265)。
在欧洲专利EP2131867 B1中,本申请的发明人证实,尽管分开使用的胍化合物和右旋糖酐几乎对肿瘤细胞不具有毒性作用,胍-右旋糖酐缀合物显示出类似于或在某些剂量下甚至高于常规抗肿瘤药物(如Adriamycin®)的抗肿瘤活性。
本申请的另一发明人的欧洲专利EP1137441 B1公开了包含右旋糖酐的化合物用于制备通过选择性靶向治疗带电荷的肿瘤的药物的用途,该化合物的电荷通过带电荷的赖氨酸基团的共价结合(赖氨酸-右旋糖酐)来修饰。
本申请的发明人的另一项欧洲专利EP2274018 B1涉及改性羟基聚合物缀合物,优选右旋糖酐-胍-双膦酸酯缀合物,其不仅用于治疗骨肿瘤(即骨转移,特别是涉及激素难治性前列腺癌HRPC和乳腺癌的骨转移),还用于治疗骨质疏松症。
前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA),也称为谷氨酸羧肽酶II和N-乙酰化的α-连接的酸性二肽酶1,是一种属于由基因FOLH1(叶酸水解酶1)编码的M28肽酶家族的二聚体型II跨膜糖蛋白。该蛋白在不同的替代底物上充当谷氨酸羧肽酶,包括营养叶酸和神经肽N-乙酰基-l-天冬氨酰基-l-谷氨酸,并在许多组织中(如在前列腺中,在较小的程度上在小肠、中枢和外周神经系统与肾脏中)表达。PSMA存在于多种恶性肿瘤的新血管系统上,所述恶性肿瘤包括:前列腺癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、膀胱癌、睾丸肿瘤、黑素瘤、胶质母细胞瘤和软组织肉瘤。
PSMA已经显示为免疫学方法(如疫苗或单克隆抗体的定向治疗)的重要靶标。不同于作为分泌蛋白的其它前列腺限制性分子(PSA,前列腺酸性磷酸酶),PSMA是不分泌的整合细胞表面膜蛋白,这使其成为抗体治疗的理想靶标。选择性结合到特定肿瘤细胞表面蛋白上的放射性分子为非侵入条件下成像和治疗肿瘤提供了富有吸引力的途径。特别地,放射性标记的PSMA蛋白配体(其通常在许多癌细胞上过度表达)为癌细胞的非侵入性成像和选择性靶向提供了富有吸引力的途径。
PROSTASCINT®(卡罗单抗喷地肽)是一种In标记的抗PSMA鼠源性单克隆抗体,其经FDA批准用于新诊断和复发的前列腺癌患者的成像和分期。卡罗单抗结合到PSMA的细胞内表位上,由此需要内化或暴露PSMA的内部结构域,因此优先结合凋亡细胞或坏死细胞。结合到PSMA的胞外结构域上的单克隆抗体也已经被放射性标记并显示在动物的PSMA阳性前列腺肿瘤模型中积累。但是,使用单克隆抗体的诊断和肿瘤检测受限于实体瘤中单克隆抗体的低渗透性。
虽然单克隆抗体有望用于肿瘤检测和治疗,由于它们在实体瘤中的低渗透性,在淋巴瘤之外的临床成功有限。在实体瘤中渗透性较高的低分子量模拟物将在获得高的每克百分比和高的特异性结合百分比方面具有明显的优势。
EP 2097111 B1公开了缀合到放射性成像部分上的谷氨酸-脲-赖氨酸PSMA结合部分,这使得能够快速显现前列腺癌和特异性靶向以允许放疗。
PSMA由此被认为是开发放射性药物以便成像和治疗转移性前列腺癌以及表达PSMA的其它癌症的富有吸引力的分子靶标。
发明概述
本发明涉及包含赖氨酸-脲-谷氨酸药效团的改性右旋糖酐缀合物。
本发明还涉及肿瘤杀伤组合物,其包含具有赖氨酸-脲-谷氨酸药效团的改性右旋糖酐缀合物和至少一种药学上可接受的佐剂。
本发明进一步包括药物制剂,其包含含有赖氨酸-脲-谷氨酸药效团的改性右旋糖酐缀合物、其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物,以及药学上可接受的赋形剂。
还公开了治疗受试者的癌症的方法,其中所述方法包括向需要此类治疗的受试者施用治疗有效量的包含含有赖氨酸-脲-谷氨酸药效团的改性右旋糖酐缀合物和至少一种药学上可接受的佐剂的肿瘤杀伤组合物或包含具有赖氨酸-脲-谷氨酸药效团的改性右旋糖酐缀合物、其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物,以及药学上可接受的赋形剂的药物制剂。
此外,本发明涉及制备含有赖氨酸-脲-谷氨酸药效团的改性右旋糖酐缀合物的方法,其中具有至少一个游离氨基的胍化合物与活化的右旋糖酐和谷氨酰胺-脲-赖氨酸混合。
附图概述
图1显示了用本发明的化学方法获得的主要分子结构。该结构Lig_PSMA-DX是谷氨酸-脲-赖氨酸-dx缀合物,其中dx符号为胍-右旋糖酐。
图2a)显示了结合到PSMA阳性22Rv1 肿瘤细胞上的Lig_PSMA-DX_FITC缀合物,b)证实了Lig_PSMA-DX-FITC缀合物不能结合到不表达PSMA的DU145细胞上。
图3a)显示了在表达PSMA的22Rv1细胞中的Lig_PSMA-DX_FITC缀合物结合,b)证实了当在具有PSMA表达的22Rv1细胞中存在过量Lig_PSMA(即游离的glu-脲-lys)时Lig_PSMA-DX-FITC缀合物结合的抑制。
图4a)显示了缀合到右旋糖酐-Lys-脲-Glut上的钆标记的2-(4-氨基苄基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷四乙酸(Gd-DOTA)的分子结构。如所示那样,取代度可以根据应用/目的对两种配体进行调节,并且b)显示了为了测定缀合度对Gd-DOTA制备的在A280处的分光光度标准曲线。
发明详述
早先已经显示,一些含有连接到放射性核素-配体缀合物上的谷氨酸-脲-谷氨酸(GUG)或谷氨酸-脲-赖氨酸(GUL)识别元素的化合物表现出对PSMA的高亲和力。本发明人已经发明了一种缀合物,其中PSMA蛋白结合谷氨酸-脲-赖氨酸三肽与可以进一步与具有游离氨基的化合物结合的改性右旋糖酐结合。这些化合物包括各种配体,如细胞抑制剂或诊断/治疗放射性核素。本发明的改性右旋糖酐缀合物提供了PSMA表达性癌症的非侵入性成像、选择性靶向和疗法的富有吸引力的途径。
本发明涉及包含赖氨酸-脲-谷氨酸药效团的改性右旋糖酐缀合物。根据一个优选实施方案,该缀合物是PSMA结合缀合物。根据另一优选实施方案,该右旋糖酐部分被具有至少一个游离氨基的化合物取代。根据进一步优选的实施方案,该右旋糖酐部分被胍化合物取代。
根据一个优选实施方案,该缀合物进一步包含与该右旋糖酐部分中其它配体的取代。在本发明的另一方面中,该其它配体选自治疗化合物、细胞抑制药和可以螯合γ、β或α发射的放射性核素的放射性金属螯合剂。在一个优选实施方案中,该放射性核素是γ发射(锝-99m)Tc(CO)3螯合配合物、β发射(铼-186/188)Re(CO)3螯合配合物或α发射放射性核素螯合配合物。
根据另一实施方案,该右旋糖酐部分被钆标记的金属螯合物取代。与例如其中该右旋糖酐部分被胍化合物取代的情况相比,被钆标记的金属螯合物取代没有降低该缀合物的功能。
可以添加到包含赖氨酸-脲-谷氨酸药效团的改性右旋糖酐缀合物中的一种化合物是1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸(也称为DOTA),其是具有式(CH2CH2NCH2CO2H)4的有机化合物。该分子由中心的12元四氮杂(即含有四个氮原子)环组成。DOTA用作配位剂,尤其用于镧系元素离子。其配合物具有作为造影剂和癌症治疗的医学应用。
缩略词DOTA是四羧酸及其各种共轭碱的简写。在配位化学领域,四酸被称为H4DOTA,其完全去质子化的衍生物为DOTA4−。使用DOTA缩略词称呼许多相关配体,尽管这些衍生物通常并非四羧酸或共轭碱。
DOTA衍生自称为1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷的大环。通过用N-CH2CO2H基团替代N-H中心来修饰四个仲胺基团。所得氨基多羧酸在羧酸基团离子化时是二价和三价阳离子的高亲和力螯合剂。作为多齿配体,DOTA包覆金属阳离子,但是配体的齿合度取决于金属阳离子的几何倾向性。主要应用涉及镧系元素,在此类配合物中,DOTA充当八齿配体,通过四个胺和四个羧酸根基团来结合金属。大多数此类配合物具有额外的水配体,提供9的总配位数。
对大多数过渡金属来说,DOTA充当六齿配体,通过四个氮和两个羧酸根中心来结合。该配合物具有八面体配位几何,具有两个羧酸根侧基。在[Fe(DOTA)]−的情况下,该配体是七齿的。DOTA曾经用作某些癌症疗法的一部分,在所述疗法中,DOTA充当放射性同位素90Y3+的螯合剂。当科学家发现癌症只会扩散时,该研究中止。DOTA可以通过以酰胺的形式与四个羧基之一连接来缀合到单克隆抗体上。剩下的三个羧酸根阴离子可用于结合钇离子。修饰的抗体积聚在肿瘤细胞中,集中了90Y的放射性作用。含有该模块的药物接受以tetraxetan结尾的国际非专利名称(钇(90Y)clivatuzumab tetraxetan和钇(90Y)tacatuzumab tetraxetan)。
DOTA还可以连接到对各种结构具有亲和力的分子上。所得化合物与许多放射性同位素一起用于癌症治疗和诊断(例如用于正电子发射断层扫描术)。
根据一个优选实施方案,该缀合物全身给药,即通过静脉内给药。该缀合物可以局部或区域给药,例如通过给药至腹膜腔。静脉内给药也可用于全身给药。根据另一优选实施方案,该缀合物用于癌症的治疗、成像或诊断。根据再一优选实施方案,所述癌症包括恶性肿瘤,包括前列腺癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、膀胱癌、睾丸肿瘤、黑素瘤、胶质母细胞瘤和软组织肉瘤。在最优选的实施方案中,所述癌症是前列腺癌。
本发明还涉及肿瘤杀伤组合物,其包含含有赖氨酸-脲-谷氨酸药效团的改性右旋糖酐缀合物和至少一种药学上可接受的佐剂。
本发明进一步涉及药物制剂,其包含含有赖氨酸-脲-谷氨酸药效团的改性右旋糖酐缀合物、其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物,以及药学上可接受的赋形剂。
治疗受试者的癌症的方法也是本发明的一个方面,所述方法包括向需要此类治疗的受试者施用治疗有效量的包含含有赖氨酸-脲-谷氨酸药效团的改性右旋糖酐缀合物和至少一种药学上可接受的佐剂的组合物,或包含含有赖氨酸-脲-谷氨酸药效团的改性右旋糖酐缀合物、其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物、以及药学上可接受的赋形剂的制剂。
本发明的另一方面是制备含有赖氨酸-脲-谷氨酸药效团的上述改性右旋糖酐缀合物的方法,其中具有至少一个游离氨基的胍化合物与活化的右旋糖酐和谷氨酰胺-脲-赖氨酸混合。
改善含有PSMA结合三肽的物质的有效性的早期努力集中于修饰三肽。不同于使用PSMA结合三肽的早期已知的单价缀合物,本发明的修饰的右旋糖酐组分是一种多价构建体,提供了优异的亲和力,并由此提供了用于将例如细胞抑制剂或诊断性和/或治疗性放射性核素靶向至PSMA表达性肿瘤细胞的多种可能性。
因此,通常,对意在靶向PSMA表达性恶性疾病的配体构建的研究焦点迄今为止完全集中于PSMA结合药效团谷氨酸-脲-赖氨酸的单体修饰。其最常见的修饰是经由药效团的游离胺(即赖氨酸ε氨基)通过化学连接用一种单一的放射性金属螯合剂取代。药效团的聚合物修饰的可能性及其固有的优势被简单地忽视,这在回顾相关科学出版物与专利申请时可以得到证实。
本文中所用的术语“多价”是指超过一种类型或类别的配体分子可以同时与该改性右旋糖酐缀合物结合。在本发明中,该配体可以与该右旋糖酐部分结合,和/或如常规在含有PSMA结合三肽的构建体中所实现的那样与三肽结合。
根据本发明,短语“特异地靶向”、“特异性靶向”和“特异性靶向的”是指如通过检测PSMA结合配体缀合物在特异性靶向的细胞类型中的积聚超出在不表达该配体的受体的正常组织中的积聚的能力所证明的那样,本文中描述的PSMA结合配体缀合物优先靶向至前列腺癌细胞或其它优先表达或过度表达PSMA的细胞。
靶向的原理,即静脉内施用具有对由靶标肿瘤细胞表达的特定结构或蛋白质具有特异性的一个配体或多个配体的靶向分子,取决于靶向分子与允许该配体的特异性结合的靶标结构之间的随机碰撞。具有多个特定配体的多价靶标分子的意义在于提高了结合至其靶标的可能性。这种提高的结合意味着增强了靶向,即诊断或治疗的努力变得更为有效。
该右旋糖酐部分可以被具有至少一个游离氨基并与该右旋糖酐部分的活化羟基共价偶联的化合物取代。该活化右旋糖酐聚合物可以例如被胍的胍侧基取代。该胍基经由该胍化合物的游离氨基侧基与所述右旋糖酐聚合物共价偶联。在取代之前,通过氧化来活化所述右旋糖酐聚合物,这使得能够进行与胍化合物的形成键合的所述游离氨基侧基的反应,随后还原获得稳定的胺键(Matsunaga等人, Nucl Med Biol. 2005, 32, 279-285)。本文中所用的术语“活化右旋糖酐”由此是指在高碘酸钠的存在下由右旋糖酐的氧化获得的产物。
作为胍的替代,该活化右旋糖酐聚合物还可以例如与几种氨基酸偶联,如赖氨酸或酪氨酸。这些要与活化右旋糖酐聚合物偶联的替代要素的关键特征是存在游离氨基。
通常,“取代”是指如下定义的烷基或链烯基(例如烷基),其中一个或多个与该基团中所含氢原子的键合被与非氢或非碳原子的键合替代。取代的基团还包括其中一个或多个与碳或氢原子的键合被一个或多个与杂原子的键合(包括双键或三键)替代的基团。由此,除非另行规定,取代的基团将被一个或多个取代基取代。在一些实施方案中,取代的基团被1、2、3、4、5或6个取代基取代。取代基的实例包括:卤素(即F、Cl、Br和I);羟基;烷氧基、链烯氧基、炔氧基、芳氧基、芳烷氧基、杂环氧基和杂环基烷氧基;羰基(氧代);羧基;酯;氨基甲酸酯;肟;羟基胺;烷氧基胺;芳烷氧基胺;硫醇;硫化物;亚砜;砜;磺酰基;磺胺;胺;N-氧化物;肼;酰肼;腙;叠氮化物;酰胺;脲;脒;胍;烯胺;酰亚胺;异氰酸酯;异硫氰酸酯;氰酸酯;硫氰酸酯;亚胺;硝基;腈(即CN)、卤代烷基、氨基烷基、羟基烷基、环烷基等等。在一个优选实施方案中,该改性右旋糖酐被胍取代。
本发明的胍-聚合物-缀合物是一种化合物,其作为骨架化合物具有羟基聚合物如右旋糖酐。羟基聚合物或右旋糖酐的分子量为103-106道尔顿。通常,该羟基聚合物或右旋糖酐被15至60%、优选20至50%的胍侧基取代,也就是说,该右旋糖酐骨架中20-50%的葡萄糖部分被胍基团取代。
在例示的情况下,该氨基胍与羟基聚合物或右旋糖酐聚合物形成腙键。该腙键可以进一步还原,生成胍基肼键。合适的胍化合物是胍基丁胺和氨基胍。
本发明的范围还涵盖了与PSMA结合的配体-连接基团配合物,以及这种配体-连接基团配合物将药物靶向PSMA阳性细胞的用途,其中该配体并非单克隆抗体。本发明还包括抗癌部分或放射性核素螯合剂,其经由游离胺(例如2-氨基苄基)共价连接到右旋糖酐骨架上。
术语“螯合试剂”或“螯合剂”是指具有两个或更多个可用于赠予金属离子的未共享电子对的分子,通常是有机分子,并通常为路易斯碱。该金属离子通常通过两个或更多个电子对配位至该螯合剂。术语“二齿螯合剂”、“三齿螯合剂”和“四齿螯合剂”是本领域公认的,并且是指分别具有两个、三个和四个易于同时赠予被该螯合剂配位的金属离子的电子对的螯合剂。通常,螯合剂的电子对与单一金属离子形成配位键;但是,在某些实例中,螯合剂可以与超过一个金属离子形成配位键,可能存在多种结合模式。
通过大环螯合剂将放射性核素稳定连接到靶向剂上获得了用于靶向放射疗法/诊断的药剂。固定该放射性核素的螯合剂必须在生理条件下具有高稳定性以避免对非靶标细胞的辐射损伤。当构建此类药剂时,必须彻底优化取代度和构建体的稳定性。向大环放射性金属螯合剂中添加2-氨基-苄基获得了化学手柄(chemical handle)——该NH2基团,和发色团——该苄基。化学手柄非常适于还原性胺化,发色团极大地促进了所述构建的优化。这通过在A280处制造分光光度标准曲线来实现,并且随后在合成靶向剂的各衍生物之后立即在A280处进行取代度(即大环螯合剂的偶联度)的测定。
根据本发明,包含谷氨酸-脲-赖氨酸三肽的改性右旋糖酐缀合物也可以具有其它配体的取代,例如细胞抑制化合物和可以螯合用于癌症诊断或治疗的γ、β或α发射的放射性核素的放射性金属螯合剂。根据目的,还可以缀合赖氨酸或任何其它氨基酸或其衍生物。
其它官能团可以附加地与胍-右旋糖酐-赖氨酸-脲-谷氨酸缀合物偶联。这些化合物包括化疗药物、放射性核素(例如Tc-99m、I-131、Y-90、Re-188、Sm-153)、激素、激素拮抗剂(如它莫西芬)、肽(如生长抑素)、毒素、单克隆抗体或其片段、自由基清除剂(如氨磷汀)或蛋白质。此类官能团的偶联可以直接实现,或经由已经在包含该官能团之前与该羟基聚合物偶联的双官能螯合剂来实现。
放射性核素或放射性金属包含各种金属元素的许多有用的放射性同位素。当适当地利用时,这些具有可用于诊断成像技术,如单光子发射计算机断层扫描(SPECT,例如(67)Ga、(99m)Tc、(111)In、(177)Lu)和正电子发射断层扫描术(PET,例如(68)Ga、(64)Cu、(44)Sc、(86)Y、(89)Zr),以及治疗应用(例如(47)Sc、(114m)In、(177)Lu、(90)Y、(212/213)Bi、(212)Pb、(225)Ac、(186/188)Re)的有价值的发射性质。基于放射性金属的放射性药物的基本关键组分是螯合剂,在紧密稳定的配位配合物中结合该放射性金属离子以使其可以在体内适当地引导至所需分子靶标的配体体系。在本发明中,螯合剂应具有用于缀合的游离胺基团,优选2-氨基-苄基,由此能够通过分光光度法测定构建体中螯合剂的含量。
示例性化疗药物和药剂包括但不限于肾上腺类皮质激素和皮质激素、烷化剂、抗雄激素、抗雌激素、雄激素、阿柔比星和阿柔比星衍生物、雌激素、抗代谢物(如阿糖胞苷、嘌呤类似物、嘧啶类似物和甲氨喋呤)、白消安、卡铂、苯丁酸氮芥、顺铂和其它铂化合物、它莫昔芬、紫杉酚、紫杉醇、紫杉醇衍生物、Taxotere®、环磷酰胺、道诺霉素、根霉素、T2毒素、植物生物碱、强的松、羟基脲、替尼泊苷、丝裂霉素、圆皮海绵内酯、微管抑制剂、埃博霉素、微管菌素、环丙基苯并[e]吲哚酮、开环环丙基苯并[e]吲哚酮、O-Ac-开环环丙基苯并[e]吲哚酮、博来霉素和任何其它抗生素、氮芥、亚硝基脲、长春花生物碱,如长春新碱、长春花碱、长春地辛、长春瑞滨及其类似物和衍生物如去乙酰长春碱单酰肼(DAVLBH)、秋水仙碱、秋水仙碱衍生物、别秋水仙碱、硫代秋水仙碱、三苯甲基半胱氨酸、软海绵素B、多拉司他汀如多拉司他汀10、鹅膏蕈碱如a-鹅膏蕈碱、喜树碱、依立替康,及其其它喜树碱衍生物、格尔德霉素和格尔德霉素衍生物、雌莫司汀、诺考达唑、MAP4、秋水仙胺、致炎和促炎剂、肽和拟肽信号转导抑制剂、雷帕霉素(如西罗莫司和依维莫司)、以及任何其它药物或毒素。为了将化疗药物和药剂缀合到本发明的缀合物上,必须有天然或通过化学修饰引入的游离胺基团存在于所述药物或药剂中。
本文中所用的术语“药效团”是分子特征的抽象描述,所述分子特征是配体被生物大分子分子识别所必需的。IUPAC将药效团定义为“空间和电子特征的集合是确保与特定生物靶标的最佳超分子相互作用和触发(或阻断)其生物反应所必需的”。典型的药效团特征包括疏水质心、芳族环、氢键受体或供体、阳离子、和阴离子。该特征必须匹配具有类似性质的不同化学基团以识别新型配体。用于本发明的药效团是谷氨酸-脲-赖氨酸三肽。
本发明的一个方面是使用胍-右旋糖酐-谷氨酸-脲-赖氨酸PSMA结合缀合物来治疗和诊断恶性肿瘤,所述恶性肿瘤包括:前列腺癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、膀胱癌、睾丸肿瘤、黑素瘤、胶质母细胞瘤和软组织肉瘤。优选地,该恶性肿瘤是前列腺肿瘤。
本发明可用于诊断和/或治疗PSMA表达性肿瘤,尤其是前列腺癌。
肿瘤是赘生物的常用但非专用术语。词语肿瘤简单地是指肿块。这是通用术语,可以指良性(通常无害)或恶性(癌性)生长物。癌症是恶性肿瘤(恶性赘生物)的另一词语。术语“癌症”和“肿瘤”在本文中作为同义词使用,并可互换使用。
本发明的另一方面是制备胍-右旋糖酐-谷氨酸-脲-赖氨酸PSMA结合缀合物的方法,其中具有至少一个游离氨基的胍化合物与活化的右旋糖酐和谷氨酰胺-脲-赖氨酸混合。
本发明的再一方面是药物制剂,包含胍-右旋糖酐-谷氨酸-脲-赖氨酸PSMA结合缀合物、其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物,以及药学上可接受的赋形剂。
本发明的一个方面还是治疗方法,其中将包含谷氨酸-脲-赖氨酸PSMA结合药效团的改性右旋糖酐缀合物以有效量施用于需要其的患者。
本文中所用的短语“有效量”或“治疗有效量”是指包含本发明的化合物或缀合物,或其它活性成分的化合物、材料或组合物的量,其以适用于任何医学治疗的合理的收益/风险比至少在动物细胞亚群中产生某些期望的治疗效果。相对于本发明的化合物的治疗有效量是指单独的治疗剂的量,或与其它疗法结合的治疗剂的量,其在疾病的治疗或预防中提供治疗益处。与本发明的化合物结合使用,该术语可以涵盖改善整体治疗、减少或避免疾病的症状或病因、或增强另一治疗剂的疗效或与该治疗剂的协同效应的量。
本文中所用的术语“治疗”意在涵盖诊断、预防、治疗和治愈。接受该治疗的患者是有所需要的任何动物,包括灵长类动物,特别是人类,以及其它哺乳动物如马、牛、猪和绵羊;以及一般的家禽和宠物。
本发明的另一方面是肿瘤杀伤组合物,其包含含有谷氨酸-脲-赖氨酸PSMA结合药效团的改性右旋糖酐缀合物和至少一种药学上可接受的佐剂。合适的佐剂的实例是治疗性放射性核素和蒽环类抗生素。
在另一方面,包含本发明的缀合物的组合物包含治疗有效量的一种或多种缀合物或用于诊断、成像和/或治疗由患者体内的PSMA表达性细胞引起的疾病的化合物。说明性组合物包括单位剂量、单位剂型等等。要理解的是,包含本发明的缀合物的组合物可以包含其它组分和/或成分,包括但不限于其它治疗活性化合物,和/或一种或多种载体,和/或一种或多种稀释剂,和/或一种或多种赋形剂,等等。在另一实施方案中,在本文中还描述了使用该化合物和药物组合物来诊断、成像和/或治疗由PSMA表达性细胞引起的疾病的方法。
在一方面,该方法包括向患者施用一种或多种本文中描述的缀合物的步骤。在另一实施方案中,在本文中还描述了该化合物与组合物在制备用于诊断、成像和或治疗由PSMA表达性细胞引起的疾病的药物中的用途。在一方面,该药物包含治疗有效量的一种或多种本文中所述的化合物和/或组合物。
本发明的改性右旋糖酐缀合物具有三步作用机理,包括结合、内化和发挥治疗作用。胍部分通过其静电荷促进了向癌细胞的靶向,药效团与PSMA结合,并且治疗部分在内化至癌细胞中之后产生其效果。
要认识到,本文中描述的缀合物和组合物可以单独使用,或与其它可用于诊断、成像和/或治疗由患者体内的PSMA表达性细胞引起的疾病的化合物组合使用,包括可以通过相同或不同作用模式治疗有效的那些化合物。此外,要认识到,本文中描述的缀合物和组合物可以与其它化合物组合使用,施用所述其它化合物以便治疗该疾病的其它症状,如施用以减少疼痛的化合物,等等。
该药物优选全身给药,即通过静脉内给药。该药物可以局部或区域给药,例如通过给药至腹膜腔。所有这些给药途径都是可能的,并取决于特定的治疗应用。
目前,对新的成像模式存在至关重要的未满足的医学需求以辅助医师选择适当的前列腺癌治疗方案,并改善患者的结局。本发明人相信,本发明的PSMA结合缀合物(其能够检测原发性前列腺癌以及软组织和骨转移)将不仅能够满足这种至关重要的未满足的需求,还能够改变用于前列腺癌的检测和分期的当前范式,并还可以提供通过非侵入性外部成像追踪对全身治疗的反应的独特机会。由于这些分子成像药物被设计为通过其PSMA表达特异性地追踪前列腺肿瘤转移的位置和进展,因此将显著改善患者管理。
本发明的特殊优势在于同一平台可用于诊断和治疗。使用本发明的改性右旋糖酐缀合物允许早期和更准确的诊断,并代表了确实能够在晚期和转移性阶段影响疾病的生物学的治疗选择,由此更有效地应对采用现有治疗措施不能确定解决方案角度的日益严重的社会和医学问题。
实施例1
缀合物合成
材料
右旋糖酐40(PhEUR;10kD-500kD,优选40kD或70kD)(Pharmacosmos AS, Denmark)用作缀合物骨架。偏高碘酸钠(Merck AG, Darmstadt, Germany)用于氧化/活化。氨基胍、L-赖氨酸(Sigma-Aldrich, Sweden)和PSMA配体谷氨酸-脲-赖氨酸(Peptides & Elephants,定制合成)用于缀合。氰基硼氢化钠(Sigma Aldrich, Stockholm, Sweden)用于还原性胺化。PD-10一次性Sephadex G-25柱用于分离和纯化(G&E Biotech AB, Sweden)。FITC来自Sigma Aldrich。
活化和缀合
30毫克的右旋糖酐与1毫升蒸馏H2O中的18毫克的高碘酸钠混合,并用H2SO4将pH调节至1.6。该混合物在磁力搅拌器上在黑暗中在RT下培养45分钟。
缀合
将30 毫克的活化右旋糖酐与pH 7.4的1毫升0.2 M磷酸钠缓冲液中的20毫克Glut-脲-赖氨酸 + 5毫克氰基硼氢化钠混合,随后在磁力搅拌器上在黑暗中在RT下培养120分钟。在120分钟后,加入12毫克氨基胍和12毫克赖氨酸,并继续培养60分钟。在总计培养4小时后,随后在PD-10柱上使用pH 9.5的20 mM硼酸盐缓冲液作为洗脱剂来纯化该溶液。
FITC标记
将pH 9.5的1毫升硼酸盐缓冲液中的15 毫克缀合物与50微克FITC混合,并在黑暗中在RT下培养18小时。在培养后,该缀合物在PD-10柱上纯化,并在pH 6的乙酸钠中洗脱。
细胞系和培养条件
使用获自American Type Culture Collection(ATCC, USA)的人转移性前列腺癌细胞系22Rv1、DU145和PC3。该细胞系在5毫升培养皿(Falcon)中用RPMI 1640(Sigma)培养。向该介质中添加2 mM谷氨酰胺(Sigma)、10%胎牛血清(Life Technologist)和1%青霉素/链霉素(Gibco)。将细胞保持在含有加湿空气和5% CO2的37℃培养箱中。培养基每周更换两次。通过处理胰蛋白酶(0.5克)-EDTA(0.2克)(Sigma, USA)从培养皿中取出细胞。
将细胞接种在8孔玻璃上,每个孔50 000,每种细胞系2个孔。在培养箱中在介质中24小时后,细胞在磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)中漂洗,并与Lig_PSMA-Dx-FITC缀合物一起培养,存在或不存在与PSMA配体的阻断/抑制。所有培养在PBS中在RT下进行。浓度为627 μM的PSMA配体用于抑制该Lig_PSMA-Dx-FITC缀合物PSMA结合。在10分钟后,以1.25 μM的浓度加入Lig_PSMA-Dx-FITC缀合物。无阻断的细胞仅用Lig_PSMA-Dx-FITC 1.25 μM处理10分钟。
再过10分钟后,在PBS中小心地漂洗该细胞,并在4%甲醛中固定10分钟。该玻璃随后用具有DAPI(Vectashield)的安装介质安装。该玻璃在Zeiss显微镜中分析,并使用Axiovision软件获得照片。
结果
该实施例用于证实本发明的胍-右旋糖酐-谷氨酸-脲-赖氨酸PSMA结合缀合物在肿瘤细胞中选择性积聚。图1a显示Lig_PSMA-DX_FITC缀合物能够结合PSMA阳性肿瘤细胞22Rv1,而图1b证实了Lig_PSMA-DX-FITC缀合物不能结合不表达PSMA的DU145细胞。图3进一步显示了Lig_PSMA-DX_FITC缀合物与PSMA阳性肿瘤细胞22Rv1的结合可以被过量的游离谷氨酰胺-脲-赖氨酸抑制。
实施例2
活化和缀合
30毫克的右旋糖酐与1毫升蒸馏H2O中的18毫克的高碘酸钠混合,并用H2SO4将pH调节至1.6。该混合物在磁力搅拌器上在黑暗中在RT下培养45分钟。在活化后,该混合物在PD10葡聚糖凝胶柱上纯化,纯化和活化的右旋糖酐在pH 6.5的0.2 M乙酸钠缓冲液中洗脱。
缀合
将30 毫克的活化右旋糖酐与pH 6.4的2毫升0.2 M乙酸钠缓冲液中的40毫克Glu-脲-赖氨酸 + 10毫克氰基硼氢化钠混合,随后在磁力搅拌器上在黑暗中在RT下培养180分钟。在180分钟后,加入40毫克DOTA,并继续培养整夜。在培养后,随后在两根PD-10柱上使用pH6的0.2 M乙酸钠缓冲液作为洗脱剂来纯化该溶液(在每根柱上纯化1毫升混合物)。采取来自纯化的缀合物的样品,并在A280处在分光光度计上进行测量。记录吸光度并与DOTA标准曲线进行比较,可以计算取代度。
Claims (17)
1.改性右旋糖酐缀合物,其特征在于所述缀合物包含赖氨酸-脲-谷氨酸药效团。
2.如权利要求1所述的改性右旋糖酐缀合物,其特征在于右旋糖酐部分被具有至少一个游离氨基的化合物取代。
3.如权利要求2所述的改性右旋糖酐缀合物,其特征在于右旋糖酐部分被胍化合物取代。
4.如权利要求2所述的改性右旋糖酐缀合物,其特征在于右旋糖酐部分被钆标记的金属螯合物取代。
5.如权利要求1至4任一项所述的改性右旋糖酐缀合物,其特征在于所述缀合物进一步包含与右旋糖酐部分中的其它配体的取代。
6.如权利要求5所述的改性右旋糖酐缀合物,其特征在于所述其它配体选自治疗化合物、细胞抑制药和可以螯合γ、β或α发射的放射性核素的放射性金属螯合剂。
7.如权利要求6所述的改性右旋糖酐缀合物,其特征在于所述放射性核素是γ发射(锝-99m)Tc(CO)3螯合配合物、β发射(铼-186/188)Re(CO)3螯合配合物或α发射放射性核素螯合配合物。
8.如权利要求1至7任一项所述的改性右旋糖酐缀合物,其特征在于所述缀合物是前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)结合缀合物。
9.如权利要求1至8任一项所述的改性右旋糖酐缀合物,其特征在于所述缀合物全身给药,即通过静脉内给药。
10.如权利要求1至8任一项所述的改性右旋糖酐缀合物,其特征在于所述缀合物局部或区域给药,如通过给药至腹膜腔,或通过静脉内给药进行全身给药。
11.如权利要求1至10任一项所述的改性右旋糖酐缀合物,其用于癌症的治疗、成像或诊断。
12.如权利要求11所述的改性右旋糖酐缀合物,其特征在于所述癌症包括恶性肿瘤,包括前列腺癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、膀胱癌、睾丸肿瘤、黑素瘤、胶质母细胞瘤和软组织肉瘤。
13.如权利要求12所述的改性右旋糖酐缀合物,其特征在于所述癌症是前列腺癌。
14.肿瘤杀伤组合物, 其特征在于所述肿瘤杀伤组合物包含如权利要求1至12任一项所述的改性右旋糖酐缀合物和至少一种药学上可接受的佐剂。
15.药物制剂,其包含如权利要求1至13任一项所述的改性右旋糖酐缀合物、其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物,以及药学上可接受的赋形剂。
16.治疗受试者的癌症的方法,所述方法包括向需要此类治疗的受试者施用治疗有效量的如权利要求14所述的组合物或如权利要求5所述的制剂。
17.制备如权利要求1至3或5至13任一项所述的改性右旋糖酐缀合物的方法,其特征在于具有至少一个游离氨基的胍化合物与活化的右旋糖酐和谷氨酰胺-脲-赖氨酸混合。
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CN113573744A (zh) * | 2019-03-19 | 2021-10-29 | 纳米疗法股份有限公司 | 制备螯合放射性同位素的且其表面被靶向psma受体的特异性分子修饰的聚合物纳米颗粒的方法及其用途 |
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CN113747927B (zh) * | 2019-02-14 | 2024-10-18 | 德国癌症研究中心 | 包含淀粉酶可切割接头的前列腺特异性膜抗原(psma)配体 |
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JP6944720B2 (ja) | 2021-10-06 |
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