CN109311264A - 防穿透物件 - Google Patents

防穿透物件 Download PDF

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CN109311264A
CN109311264A CN201780035864.9A CN201780035864A CN109311264A CN 109311264 A CN109311264 A CN 109311264A CN 201780035864 A CN201780035864 A CN 201780035864A CN 109311264 A CN109311264 A CN 109311264A
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fiber
penetration
component
assembly
penetration object
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R·哈特尔特
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Teijin Aramid GmbH
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Teijin Aramid GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种防穿透物件，其包含第一组件，该第一组件包含一个或多个包含具有根据EN 12562(1999年7月)测得的至少750mN/tex的细度相关最大拉力的纤维的纤维层；和第二组件，该第二组件包含至少一个具有根据ISO 13934‑1:1999测得的2,000N至4,000N的最大拉力和彼此偏离至少40％的在纵向和横向上根据ISO 13934‑1:1999测得的最大拉力伸长率的纤维层。

Description

防穿透物件
本发明涉及防穿透物件。
防穿透物件-即在被火器或刀刃攻击时抗子弹或刀刃穿透并因此对火器或刀刃攻击提供防护的物件-是已知的。这样的物件包含防穿透组件，例如为互相叠加布置的一个或多个纺织纤维层的形式，该纤维具有根据EN 12562(1999年7月)测得的至少750mN/tex的细度相关最大拉力。也已知如何使用聚合物膜将这些纤维层接合在一起。甚至在一位数毫米范围内的厚度下，互相叠加布置的此类纺织纤维层也表现出防穿透效果。在火器攻击的情况下的防穿透效果通常通过测量v50值测定，即在以m/s计的该速度下，在VPAM测试指南APR2006的标准化条件下50％的射弹射穿且50％被卡住。为了测定物件的v50值，首先在某一速度下能够射穿该物件是不够的。实际上重要得多的是，射弹也会卡在该物件中。如果该物件在不太造成“落空(damp squib)”的尽可能最慢速度下被射穿，该物件不被视为防穿透。
US 2009/0288235描述了包含由具有根据EN 12562测得的小于8％的致断伸长的纤维制成的多个织物层的防穿透物品，其中在至少一个独立织物层内，提供至少两组区域，其中第一组的区域具有8％至80％的在轧光(rolling)后的第一织物密度DG1且其中第二组的区域具有8％至80％的在轧光后的第二纤维密度DG2，且其中DG1和DG2之差为至少3％。
AT 73869描述了用于所有类型的子弹的护罩(cover)。该护罩(cover)由纸(例如压缩层压纸或硫化纸、硬纸板或足够强度的类似材料)构成。AT 73869声称，本身具有相当有限的强度和抗撕裂性的纸在以多层施加以制造足够强度的纸时会变得可用于制造所有类型的护罩(cover)。AT 73869也描述了穿透50厘米厚的橡木心材块的子弹如何牢固地卡在测得为大约5厘米厚的分层纸的护罩(cover)中。AT 73869没有提供进行射击试验时的条件的任何细节。
申请人已经在VPAM测试指南APR 2006的标准化条件下对堆叠硫化纸(vulcanisedpaper)进行射击试验，其中该堆叠体的厚度在一位数毫米范围(one-digit mm range)内，结果是子弹不可能被卡住，因此不可能测定v50值。在一位数毫米范围内的上述纸堆叠体因此不防穿透。
不同于上述纸堆叠体，一开始描述的防穿透物件具有互相叠加布置的一个或多个纺织纤维层形式的防穿透组件，所述纤维具有根据EN 12562(1999年7月)测得的至少750mN/tex的细度相关最大拉力，并且甚至在一位数毫米范围内的厚度下也表现出防穿透效果。但是，始终需要提高此类物件的防穿透效果。
本发明的目标因此是提高一开始描述的防穿透物件的防穿透效果。本发明以防穿透物件的形式解决这一问题，所述防穿透物件包含：
-第一组件，其包含一个或多个包含具有根据EN 12562(1999年7月)测得的至少750mN/tex的细度相关最大拉力的纤维的纤维层和
-第二组件，其包含至少一个具有根据ISO 13934-1:1999测得的2,000N至4,000N的最大拉力和彼此偏离至少40％的在纵向和横向上根据ISO 13934-1:1999测得的最大拉力伸长率的纤维层。
第一和第二组件互相叠加布置在根据本发明的防穿透物件中。
令人惊讶地，根据本发明的防穿透物件具有比第一组件本身高的防穿透效果，例如以更高v50值的形式，尽管第二组件本身没有防穿透效果。
此外，当降低第一组件的比例并提高第二组件的比例时，根据本发明的防穿透物件令人惊讶地仍实现高的防穿透效果。在最优选的实施方案中，第一组件相对于根据本发明的防穿透物件的总重量的重量比例可降低最多30％而不抑制其防穿透效果。
本发明证实，本身没有防穿透效果的第二组件直到与第一组件组合才提高防护性的防穿透效果。本发明的发明人目前不能解释本身不防穿透的组件与防穿透组件的这种协同相互作用。
第一组件的所述一个或多个纤维层中的纤维具有根据EN 12562(1999年7月)测得的至少750mN/tex的细度相关最大拉力。如果第一组件的所述一个或多个纤维层的这些纤维具有根据EN 12562(1999年7月)测得的小于750mN/text的细度相关最大拉力，则该物件的防穿透效果不够。根据本发明的防穿透物件的第一组件的所述一个或多个纤维层的纤维具有根据EN 12562(1999年7月)测得的至少1,200mN/tex的细度相关最大拉力。特别优选地，第一组件的所述一个或多个纤维层的这些纤维具有1,200mN/tex至5,000mN/tex的细度相关最大拉力。
根据本发明的防穿透物件的第二组件的最少一个纤维层(minimum of one fibrelayer)具有彼此偏离至少40％的在纵向和横向上测得的最大拉力伸长率。第二组件的最少一个纤维层因此在纵向和横向上具有各向异性性质，其中“纵向”是指制造第二组件的纤维层时的机器方向，“横向”是指垂直于该机器方向的方向。
第二组件的最少一个纤维层的各向异性也造成这一纤维层在纵向和横向上的最大拉力彼此偏离。在本发明中，第二组件的最少一个纤维层的“根据ISO 13934-1:1999测得的2,000N至4,000N的最大拉力”是指在每种情况下的较高最大拉力，其根据所用的第二组件，是在纵向或横向上的最大拉力。
关于其纤维的重量，第二组件的最少一个纤维层具有最多950g/m2，特别优选低于950g/m2的克重。
根据本发明的防穿透物件的第一组件的纤维优选为一个或多个织物的形式和/或以一个或多个网格布(scrim)层的形式和/或以一个或多个无纺布(nonwoven fabric(s))的形式单向排列。
根据本发明的防穿透物件的第二组件优选包含至少两个纤维层。
在根据本发明的防穿透物件中第二组件优选布置在第一组件前以面向受威胁侧。
根据本发明的防穿透物件的第二组件的纤维层的纤维可选自天然存在的纺织纤维，例如选自植物纤维，如毛状体(trichome)、韧皮纤维(bast fibre)和硬纤维，或选自动物纤维，如羊毛、毛发和丝。
根据本发明的防穿透物件的第二组件的纤维层的纤维优选是纤维素纤维，特别优选是至少在纤维层的表面上羊皮化(parchmentised)的纤维素纤维。在此，“羊皮化”是指将(例如为一个或多个原纸层形式的)纤维素纤维拉过浓硫酸浴，压榨，然后在浓度渐弱的浴中洗净。酸使纤维素纤维形成新键。在纤维表面上形成“再生纤维素”。
根据本发明的防穿透物件的第二组件的最少一个纤维层优选是纸，即根据DIN6735，基本由植物源的纤维构成的平面材料，其通过在筛网上脱水制成，其中制造纤维毡，然后压实和干燥。
特别优选地，根据本发明的防穿透物件的第二组件的最少一个纤维层是由纤维素纤维，再更优选由棉纤维制成的纸，其中通过在筛网上脱水制造纸，并且所得原纸如上所述羊皮化。
在根据本发明的防穿透物件的另一优选实施方案中，第二组件的最少一个纤维层是无纺布，即例如通过在运转的皮带上沉积纺成复丝制成的无规纤维层，此后可强化该无规层。
在根据本发明的防穿透物件的一个优选实施方案中，第一组件的纤维是芳纶纤维、由具有超高分子量的聚乙烯制成的纤维、由具有超高分子量的聚丙烯制成的纤维、聚苯并噁唑纤维和/或聚苯并噻唑纤维。
在本发明的范围内，术语“芳纶纤维(aramid fibres)”优选是指由芳纶，即由芳族聚酰胺制成的长丝纱，其中至少85％的酰胺(-CO-NH-)键直接连向两个芳环上。
用于根据本发明的物件的第一组件的纤维的优选芳族聚酰胺是对芳族聚酰胺(p-aramids)，特别是聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)——借助对苯二胺和对苯二甲酰氯的mol:mol聚合制成的均聚物。这样的纤维可以Twaron为名获自Teijin Aramid GmbH(Germany)。其中对苯二胺和/或对苯二甲酰氯已部分或完全被其它芳族二胺和/或二羧酸氯取代的芳族共聚物也适用于第一组件的纤维。
在根据本发明的防穿透物件的一个优选实施方案中，第一组件经由膜接合到第二组件上。该膜优选不浸渍第一组件的纤维层或第二组件的纤维层。
该膜优选由至少一种成膜聚合物制成。该膜特别优选由第一和第二成膜聚合物的混合物制成，其中
-第一成膜聚合物优选是酚醛树脂，特别优选酚醛树脂A(resol)，即借助碱催化的缩聚制成的酚醛树脂，其中缩聚在其完成前停止，
-第二成膜聚合物优选是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛，其中聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的重量比例优选在膜重量的50至80％的范围内，特别优选在70至75％的范围内。
在另一优选实施方案中，该成膜聚合物和因此将第一组件与第二组件接合的膜由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛制成。
在根据本发明的防穿透物件的另一优选实施方案中，第一组件具有至少一个膜。该膜优选不浸渍第一组件的纤维。该膜优选也由与将第一组件与第二组件接合的膜相同的成膜聚合物制成。
在根据本发明的防穿透物件的另一优选实施方案中，第二组件具有至少一个膜。该膜优选不浸渍第二组件的纤维。该膜优选也由与将第一组件与第二组件接合的膜相同的成膜聚合物制成。
在其中第一组件为几个织物或单向取向的网格布层或无纺布形式的上述防穿透物件的优选实施方案中，优选在织物或网格布或无纺布的每两个层之间布置膜。该膜优选也具有相对于织物+膜的重量或网格布层+膜的重量或无纺布+膜的重量为10至15％的重量比例。
在根据本发明的防穿透物件的一个优选实施方案中，第二组件具有至少两个纤维层，其中最少两个纤维层借助粘结剂接合在一起，其中该粘结剂优选是膜。这种膜优选由与优选将第一组件与第二组件接合的上述膜相同的成膜聚合物制成。
在具有一个或多个膜或粘结剂的上述根据本发明的防穿透物件的优选实施方案中，该防穿透物件特别适用于制造硬质防弹物品。
但是，根据本发明的物品在另一优选实施方案中可以不用膜或不用粘结剂制造。在这一优选实施方案中，该防穿透物件特别适用于制造软质防弹物品。
在根据本发明的防穿透物件的一个优选实施方案中，第一组件构成防穿透物件的大约70至95％的重量比例。
在根据本发明的防穿透物件的另一优选实施方案中，第二组件构成大约30至5％的重量比例。
使用下列实施例通过比较更详细描述本发明。在这些实施例中，根据VPAM测试指南APR 2006(VPAM＝Vereinigung der Prüfstellen für angriffshemmende Materialienund Konstruktionen[German Association of Testing Bodies for Attack-ResistantMaterials和Constructions])进行射击试验。
对比例1:
Germany制造的硫化纸(Type SAVUTEC SMS 0.65olive/brown；克重＝840±40g/m2、厚度＝0.650±0.03mm、纵向最大拉力＝3,558N、横向最大拉力＝2,384N、纵向最大拉力伸长率＝13％、横向最大拉力伸长率＝21％)在一面上涂布由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛改性的酚醛树脂构成的膜。该膜可以CP001为名获自c-m-p GmbH。所得涂膜的硫化纸具有涂膜表面和无膜表面。该膜的克重为55g/m2。
七个如上所述涂膜的硫化纸层互相叠加以使一个涂膜的硫化纸层的无膜表面位于下一硫化纸层的涂膜表面上。
所得套件(package)具有无膜和涂膜外表面。该套件在其无膜外表面面向受威胁侧的情况下安置并用子弹(弹药VMR/DM 41；口径9mm para、距离＝5m、角度＝90°)射击。子弹不可能被卡住。甚至在162m/s的子弹速度下，也射穿该套件。更慢的速度造成“落空(dampsquibs)”。这是指子弹卡在枪管中。因此，无法计算v50值。该套件没有防弹效果。
对比例2:
对比例2如同对比例1进行但区别在于七个硫化纸层没有膜涂层。甚至在207m/s的子弹速度下，也射穿该套件。更慢的速度造成“落空(damp squibs)”。这是指子弹卡在枪管中。因此，无法计算v50值。该套件没有防弹效果。
对比例3:
Teijin Aramid GmbH,Germany制造的芳纶织物(Type T 750，克重460±10g/m2、厚度＝0.65±5mm、平纹组织、在经向和纬向中67±2根纤维/10cm、纱线类型1,000，由聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)复丝纱3360dtex/f2000制成)在一面上涂布由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛改性的酚醛树脂构成的膜。该膜可以CP001为名获自c-m-p GmbH。所得涂膜的芳纶织物具有一个涂膜表面和一个无膜表面。该膜的克重为55g/m2。在无膜涂层的芳纶织物上，六个涂膜芳纶织物互相叠加以使一个涂膜芳纶织物的涂膜表面位于下一芳纶织物的无膜表面上。所得堆叠体的两个外侧都无膜。
所得防弹套件如对比例1中用子弹射击并具有360m/s的v50值。
对比例4:
对比例4如同对比例3进行但区别在于在一个无膜涂层的芳纶织物上，十个涂膜芳纶织物互相叠加。
所得防弹套件如对比例1中用子弹射击并具有450m/s的v50值。
实施例1:
a)制造芳纶织物组件
如对比例3中制造芳纶织物组件。
b)制造硫化纸组件
如对比例1中制造硫化纸组件，但区别在于仅使用两个硫化纸层和两个膜。
c)制造防弹套件
将硫化纸组件铺设在芳纶织物组件上，其涂膜面朝下。
所得防弹套件如对比例1中用子弹射击并具有400m/s的v50值并因此将v50值提高11％。
实施例2:
如实施例1中制造防弹套件，但区别在于使用八个芳纶织物和七个膜制造芳纶织物组件。
对比例1至4和实施例1和2的结果概括在下表中。
该表表明，在对比例1和2中，具有和没有膜的七个硫化纸层没有防弹效果。甚至在162m/s(具有膜)和207m/s(无膜)的速度下，也射穿相关套件。
对比例3中的具有七个芳纶层和六个膜的套件具有360m/s的v50值并因此具有防弹效果。
如果在射击侧在对比例3中的套件上增加由仅两个硫化纸层和两个膜构成的套件，所得套件具有400m/s的v50值(见实施例1)，即比对比例3中的套件高11％的v50值。这是令人惊讶的，因为七个硫化纸层与七个膜没有防弹效果(见对比例1)且因为实施例1中的套件只有两个硫化纸层与两个膜层。本领域技术人员因此会预料在对比例3中的防弹套件上增加两个硫化纸层和两个膜层会产生具有与对比例3相同的v50值的套件。本领域技术人员没有预料到对比例3中的v50值提高。
实施例2中的防弹套件具有462m/s的v50值并因此具有防弹效果，这甚至倾向于高于对比例4中的防弹套件，尽管实施例2中的防弹套件比对比例4中的防弹套件少3个芳纶织物并且只有两个硫化纸层。本领域技术人员因此会预料实施例2中的防弹套件具有小得多的防弹效果，即远低于对比例4中的防弹套件的v50值，尤其是因为对比例1表明，甚至七个在一面上涂膜的硫化纸层本身具有如此小的防弹效果以致不可能测量v50值。当仅射击两个在一面上涂膜的硫化纸层而非七个时，情况更加如此。
本领域技术人员会因此不得不预料实施例2中的防弹套件的v50值远低于对比例4中的防弹套件的v50值。
因此更加令人惊讶的是，实施例2中的防弹套件的462m/s的v50值与对比例4中的防弹套件的v50值(450m/s)具有类似大小，甚至倾向于略高。
实施例2中的防弹套件具有5.86kg的总重量，其中3.68千克，即63％是芳纶织物。对比例4中的防弹套件具有5.61kg的总重量，其中5.06千克，即90％是芳纶织物。芳纶织物相对于防弹套件的总重量的重量比例因此已降低27％而不降低防穿透效果。

Claims (11)

1.防穿透物件，其包含
-第一组件，其包含一个或多个包含具有根据EN 12562(1999年7月)测得的至少750mN/tex的细度相关最大拉力的纤维的纤维层和
-第二组件，其包含至少一个具有根据ISO 13934-1:1999测得的2,000N至4,000N的最大拉力和彼此偏离至少40％的在纵向和横向上根据ISO 13934-1:1999测得的最大拉力伸长率的纤维层。
2.根据权利要求1的防穿透物件，其中关于其纤维的重量，第二组件的最少一个纤维层具有最多950g/m2的克重。
3.根据权利要求1或2的防穿透物件，其中第一组件的纤维为一个或多个织物的形式和/或以一个或多个网格布层的形式和/或以一个或多个无纺布的形式单向取向。
4.根据前述权利要求的至少一项的防穿透物件，其中在所述防穿透物件中第二组件布置在第一组件前以面向受威胁侧。
5.根据前述权利要求的至少一项的防穿透物件，其中第二组件的纤维是纤维素纤维。
6.根据前述权利要求的至少一项的防穿透物件，其中第二组件的最少一个纤维层是纸。
7.根据前述权利要求的至少一项的防穿透物件，其中第一组件的纤维是芳纶纤维、由具有超高分子量的聚乙烯制成的纤维、由具有超高分子量的聚丙烯制成的纤维、聚苯并噁唑纤维和/或聚苯并噻唑纤维。
8.根据前述权利要求的至少一项的防穿透物件，其中第一组件经由膜接合到第二组件上。
9.根据前述权利要求的至少一项的防穿透物件，其中第一组件具有至少一个膜。
10.根据前述权利要求的至少一项的防穿透物件，其中第二组件具有至少两个纤维层，其中最少两个纤维层借助粘结剂接合在一起。
11.根据前述权利要求的至少一项的防穿透物件，其中第一组件构成所述防穿透物件的70至95％的重量比例。
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