CN101218480A - 由柔性复合材料形成的具有改进的耐刀刺性的防护服 - Google Patents
由柔性复合材料形成的具有改进的耐刀刺性的防护服 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101218480A CN101218480A CNA2005800491267A CN200580049126A CN101218480A CN 101218480 A CN101218480 A CN 101218480A CN A2005800491267 A CNA2005800491267 A CN A2005800491267A CN 200580049126 A CN200580049126 A CN 200580049126A CN 101218480 A CN101218480 A CN 101218480A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- flexible
- clothes
- layer
- flexible protective
- fiber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
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- B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
- B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates or anti-ballistic clothing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
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- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
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Abstract
具有改进的耐刀刺性的由柔性复合材料形成的柔性防护服。该防护服由复合材料形成,该复合材料包括由高韧度纤维形成的织物基体层和粘结于该织物基体上的橡胶层。可使用热塑性粘结层将该织物层和橡胶层粘结在一起。为提高防弹性,该防护服还可包括高韧度纤维网的防弹复合材料。
Description
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及结合有柔性纤维复合材料,并具有改进的耐刀刺性(knife-stab)的防护服(body armor)。
相关技术的描述
防护服如防弹背心是本领域公知的。这类防护服可由将高强度纤维结合入各种复合材料中的各种结构制成。防护服可以为刚性复合材料和柔性复合材料形式。
刚性防护服提供良好的耐尖锐物体如刀片的刺穿性,但其同时非常僵硬和相对较大。从而,相对于柔性防护服装,刚性防护服装(例如,背心)穿着舒适性不足。然而,柔性防护服装对于刀片等不能够提供足够的防护。
期望提供一种既柔性又耐尖锐物体如尖刀刺穿的防护服。这种防护服理想地是能够穿着舒适,且造价不高。此外,期望提供一种柔性耐刀刺复合材料,该复合材料还可与防弹材料结合使用,以为穿着者提供额外的保护。
发明概述
根据本发明,提供一种柔性耐刀刺的防护服,该防护服包括至少一个柔性复合材料层,所述柔性复合材料层包括由高韧度纤维的网形成的织物基体,和粘结在该织物基体上的橡胶层。
所述柔性复合材料还可包括粘结于所述织物基体和橡胶层的含热塑性材料的粘结层。
进一步地根据本发明,提供柔性耐刀刺并防弹的防护服,该防护服包括至少一个柔性复合材料的耐刀刺层,所述柔性复合材料包括由高韧度纤维的网形成的织物基体和粘结于该织物基体的橡胶层,和至少一个包含高韧度纤维的网的防弹复合材料层。该防弹复合材料中高韧度纤维的网可以在弹性体材料基质中。
同样根据本发明,提供耐刀刺并防弹的柔性防护服,该防护服包括多个柔性复合材料的耐刀刺层,所述柔性复合材料包括由高韧度纤维的网形成的织物基体,在该织物中至少50重量%的纤维包含高分子量聚乙烯纤维,粘结于所述织物基体的含热塑性材料的粘结层,和粘结于该粘结层的橡胶层;和多个柔性防弹复合材料层,所述柔性防弹复合材料层包括高韧度纤维的网,该高韧度纤维包括至少50重量%的选自高分子量聚乙烯、芳族聚酰胺及其共混物的纤维。
本发明提供一种耐刀刺的柔性防护服。该防护服穿着舒适,并且其成本适于有效生产。该柔性防护服可与防弹复合材料组合使用,以提供增强的耐刀刺性和防弹性。
发明详述
本发明包括耐刀刺穿并由高韧度纤维形成的柔性防护服。基于本发明的目的,纤维为细长体,其纵向尺寸远高于宽度和厚度的横向尺寸。因此,术语纤维包括具有规则或不规则截面的丝、带、条等。纱线为由很多纤维或丝组成的连续丝束。
如这里使用的,术语“高韧度纤维”是指具有等于或大于约7g/d的韧度的纤维。优选地,这些纤维根据ASTM D2256测量,具有至少约150g/d的初始拉伸模量(initial tensile modulus)和至少约8J/g的断裂能。如这里使用的,术语“初始拉伸模量”、“拉伸模量”和“模量”对于纱线是指根据ASTM 2256和对于弹性体或基质材料是指根据ASTMD638测量的弹性模量。
在本发明的耐刀刺复合材料中使用的纤维网可以为由高韧度纤维形成的机织织物(woven fabrics)、针织织物(knitted fabrics)或无纺布形式。优选地,织物中至少50重量%的纤维为高韧度纤维,和更优选织物中至少约75重量%的纤维为高韧度纤维。
本发明的纱线和织物可以包含一种或多种不同的高强度纤维。所述纱线可以基本上平行排列,或所述纱线可以是加捻的、过缠绕的(over-wrapped)或缠结的(entangled)。本发明的织物可以用在经向和纬向或在其它方向具有不同纤维的纱线机织。
可用于本发明的纱线和织物中的高强度纤维包括高度取向的高分子量聚烯烃纤维特别是高模量聚乙烯纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、聚苯唑(polybenzazole)纤维如聚苯并唑(PBO)和聚苯并噻唑(PBT)、聚乙烯醇纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、液晶共聚酯纤维、玻璃纤维、碳纤维或玄武岩或其它矿物纤维,以及刚性棒聚合物纤维,及它们的混合物和共混物。优选用于本发明的高强度纤维包括聚烯烃纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维和聚苯唑纤维及它们的混合物和共混物。最优选高分子量聚乙烯纤维。
美国专利第4,457,985号概括地讨论了这类高分子量聚乙烯和聚丙烯纤维,该专利公开的内容以不与本发明相矛盾的程度结合在这里作为参考。在聚乙烯的情况下,适合的纤维为具有至少约150,000重均分子量、优选至少约一百万、更优选为约两百万-约五百万的那些。这类高分子量聚乙烯纤维可在溶液中纺制(见美国专利第4,137,394号和美国专利第4,356,138号),或可以是在溶液中纺制的丝以形成凝胶结构(见美国专利第4,413,110号,German Off.第3,004,699号和英国专利第2051667号),或该聚乙烯纤维可以通过卷动拉伸法(rolling and drawing process)生产(见美国专利第5,702,657号)。如这里使用的,术语聚乙烯是指以线形聚乙烯为主的材料,其可以包含少量的每100个主链碳原子不超过5个改性单元的链支化或共聚单体,并且其还可包含与其混合的不超过约50wt%的一种或多种聚合物添加剂如1-链烯聚合物,特别是低密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚丁烯,含单烯烃作为主要单体的共聚物,氧化的聚烯烃,接枝聚烯烃共聚物和聚甲醛,或低分子量添加剂如通常使用的抗氧化剂、润滑剂、紫外线掩蔽剂、着色剂等。
优选高韧度聚乙烯纤维(也称作伸直链聚乙烯纤维),其由Morristown,New Jersey的Honeywell International Inc.以SPECTRA商标出售。
取决于形成技术、拉伸比和温度及其它条件,可赋予这些纤维多种性质。纤维的韧度至少为约7g/d,优选至少约15g/d,更优选至少约20g/d,仍然更优选至少约25g/d,和最优选至少约30g/d。类似地,根据Instron拉力试验仪测量的纤维初始拉伸模量优选为至少约300g/d,更优选至少约500g/d,仍然更优选至少约1,000g/d和最优选至少约1,200g/d。这些初始拉伸模量和韧度的最高值通常仅可采用溶液生长(solutiongrown)或凝胶纺制法得到。许多丝具有的熔点高于用于形成该丝的聚合物的熔点。从而,例如,约150,000、约一百万和约两百万分子量的高分子量聚乙烯通常具有138℃的本体熔点。由这些材料制得的高度取向聚乙烯丝具有高于其约7℃-约13℃的熔点。从而,熔点的微小升高反应了相对于本体聚合物,所述丝的结晶完美性和更高的结晶取向。
类似地,可使用重均分子量至少约200,000,优选至少约一百万和更优选至少约两百万的高度取向高分子量聚丙烯纤维。这类伸直链聚丙烯可采用上述各种参考文献中记载的技术,尤其是在美国专利第4,413,110号中的技术,形成相当好地取向的丝。由于聚丙烯为结晶性远远不如聚乙烯的材料并含有侧链甲基,因此聚丙烯可获得的韧度值通常显著低于聚乙烯相应的值。从而,适宜的韧度优选为至少约8g/d,更优选至少约11g/d。聚丙烯的初始拉伸模量优选至少约160g/d,更优选至少约200g/d。聚丙烯的熔点通常可通过取向过程提高几度,以使得所述聚丙烯丝优选具有至少168℃的主熔点,更优选至少170℃。上述参数的特别优选的范围在最终制品中可有利地提供改进的性能。采用具有至少约200,000重均分子量的纤维并结合上述参数的优选范围(模量和韧度),在最终制品中可有利地提供改善的性能。
在芳族聚酰胺纤维的情况下,适宜的由芳族聚酰胺形成的纤维记载于美国专利第3,671,542号中,其以不与本发明相矛盾的程度作为参考结合在这里。优选的芳族聚酰胺纤维具有至少约20g/d的韧度、至少约400g/d的初始拉伸模量和至少约8J/g的断裂能,和特别优选的芳族聚酰胺纤维具有至少约20g/d的韧度和至少约20J/g的断裂能。最优选的芳族聚酰胺纤维具有至少约20g/d的韧度、至少约900g/d的模量和至少约30J/g的断裂能。例如,具有适宜的高模量和韧度值的聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)丝在形成防弹复合材料中是特别有用的。例子为具有500g/d和22g/d的Kevlar29,和具有1000g/d和22g/d的Kevlar49,上述两个值分别为初始拉伸模量和韧度值。在本发明的实践中还可使用聚(间苯二甲酰间苯二胺)纤维,其由du Pont在Nomex商品名下商业生产。
具有高拉伸模量的高分子量聚乙烯醇(PV-OH)纤维描述于Kwon等人的美国专利第4,440,711中,其以不与本发明相矛盾的程度结合在这里作为参考。高分子量PV-OH纤维应具有至少约200,000的重均分子量。特别有用的PV-OH纤维应具有至少约300g/d的模量,优选至少约10g/d的韧度、更优选至少约14g/d的韧度和最优选至少约17g/d的韧度,和至少约8J/g的断裂能。具有这类性质的PV-OH纤维例如可通过美国专利第4,599,267号中公开的方法生产。
在聚丙烯腈(PAN)的情况下,该PAN纤维应具有至少约400,000的重均分子量。特别有用的PAN纤维应具有优选至少约10g/d的韧度和至少约8J/g的断裂能。最有用的是具有至少约400,000分子量、至少约15-20g/d韧度和至少约8J/g的断裂能的PAN纤维;这类纤维例如公开于美国专利第4,535,027号中。
适用于本发明实践的液晶共聚酯纤维例如公开于美国专利第3,975,487、4,118,372和4,161,470号中。
适用于本发明实践的聚苯唑纤维例如公开于美国专利第5,286,833、5,296,185、5,356,584、5,534,205和6,040,050中。优选地,聚苯唑纤维为Toyobo Co.的Zylon牌纤维。
刚性棒纤维例如公开于美国专利第5,674,969、5,939,553、5,945,537和6,040,478中。这类纤维可从Magellan Systems International以M5牌纤维得到。
如上所述,所述高强度纤维可以为机织织物、针织织物和无纺布形式。一种优选的材料为由SPECTRA聚乙烯纤维形成的机织织物。在一个实施方式中,所述织物优选在经向和纬向(fill direction)均具有约15-约45根纱线/英寸(约5.9-约17.7根纱线/cm),更优选具有约17-约33根纱线/英寸(约6.7-约13根纱线/cm)。所述纱线优选分别为约650-约1200旦尼尔。得到称重优选为约2-约15盎司/平方码(约67.8-约508-6g/m2),更优选约5-约11盎司/平方码(约169.5-约373.0g/m2)的机织织物。下表提供了适用于本发明的织物结构。本领域技术人员应理解,这里描述的织物结构仅为示例性的,而不用于限制本发明。每种这些未覆盖的织物均可由Anderson,South Carolina的Hexcel获得,并由SPECTRA纤维制备:
类型 | 织法 | 重量(Oz/Yd2) | 厚度(英寸) | 支数(根纱线/英寸) | 纱线旦尼尔数(经/纬) |
902 | 平纹 | 5.5 | 0.018 | 17×17 | 1200/1200 |
904 | 平纹 | 6.3 | 0.017 | 35×35 | 650/650 |
952 | 平纹 | 6.0 | 0.017 | 34×34 | 650/650 |
如在该表中所示出的,在经向和纬向均具有1200旦尼尔SPECTRA900纤维的17根纱线/英寸的平纹机织织物虽然重量仅为约5.5盎司/平方码(约186.5g/m2),但却在两个方向均具有大于800磅力/英寸(1401N/cm)的断裂强度。也可采用除平纹织法以外的其它织法,如席纹组织。优选的织物为902型织物。
如本领域公知的那样,所述高强度织物也可为无纺布形式,例如单向取向纤维的帘布层(ply),或以无规取向粘结的纤维,其包埋于适宜的树脂基质中。由单向取向纤维形成的织物典型地具有一层沿一个方向伸展的纤维,和以与该第一纤维成90°的方向伸展的第二层纤维。当单独的帘布层为单向取向纤维时,后续的帘布层优选相互相对旋转,例如以0°/90°或0°/45°/90°/45°/0°角度或以其它角度。
用于单向取向纤维帘布层的树脂基质可以由多种具有适宜的低模量的弹性体材料形成。优选地,用于这类基质中的弹性体材料根据ASTMD638测量,具有等于或小于约6,000psi(41.4MPa)的初始拉伸模量(弹性模量)。更优选地,所述弹性体具有等于或小于约2,400psi(16.5MPa)的初始拉伸模量。最优选所述弹性体材料具有等于或小于约1,200psi(8.23MPa)的初始拉伸模量。
所述弹性体材料优选形成耐刀刺层合物的无纺布的约1-约98重量%,更优选约10-约95重量%。
多种弹性体材料可用作所述树脂基质。例如可采用任意的以下材料:聚丁二烯、聚异戊二烯、天然橡胶、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物、聚硫化物聚合物(polysulfide polymer)、聚氨酯弹性体、氯磺化聚乙烯、聚氯丁烯、使用邻苯二甲酸二辛酯或其它本领域公知的增塑剂增塑的聚氯乙烯、丁二烯-丙烯腈弹性体、聚(异丁烯-共-异戊二烯)、聚丙烯酸酯、聚酯、聚醚、氟橡胶、硅氧烷弹性体、热塑性弹性体和乙烯共聚物。
优选用于聚乙烯织物的为共轭二烯与乙烯基芳香族化合物共聚物的嵌段共聚物。丁二烯和异戊二烯为优选的共轭二烯弹性体。苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯和叔丁基苯乙烯为优选的共轭芳香族单体。可将结合有聚异戊二烯的嵌段共聚物氢化,以生产具有饱和烃弹性体链段的热塑性弹性体。所述聚合物可以是简单的R-(BA)x型三嵌段共聚物(x=3-150);其中A为由聚乙烯基芳香族单体形成的嵌段,和B为由共轭二烯弹性体形成的嵌段。
所述弹性体材料可与填料如炭黑、二氧化硅等复合,并可用油填充和用硫、过氧化物、金属氧化物或辐射固化体系采用橡胶领域技术人员公知的方法硫化。可共同使用不同弹性体材料的共混物,或可将一种或多种弹性体与一种或多种热塑性物质共混。
优选的用于所述粘结层的粘结材料为具有低于约140℃的熔点或熔程(melting point range)的烯烃聚合物或共聚物薄膜,特别是乙烯聚合物和共聚物(例如,乙烯/丙烯共聚物)。熔点例如采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)以10℃/分钟的加热速率测定。最优选的粘结材料为低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)和LDPE/EVA共聚物。该粘结层可以以任意适合的形式使用,尽管薄膜是特别优选的。所述薄膜可用于覆盖并粘结到上述高性能织物基体上,同时形成中间粘结层。EVA对由含高强度、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的纱线编织的织物的粘结非常好。该EVA层起到高度令人满意的中间粘结层作用,对内部的织物基体层和外部的橡胶混合物层均具有粘结亲合力。虽然最高约40密耳(约1mm)的厚度是可行的,但是已经发现,在所述织物每面约4-约15密耳(约0.1-约0.38mm)厚度的热塑性薄膜层合物提供了最适宜的柔性片构造。具体地说,已经发现当EVA用作中间粘结层时,在每面约4密耳(0.1mm)-约10密耳(0.25mm)的薄膜厚度是最理想的。聚乙烯和乙烯醋酸乙烯酯薄膜的重量分别为一盎司/密耳厚度/平方码。从而,织物片两面4密耳层合物仅使每平方码的总重(约271g/m2)增加了约8盎司(每面4盎司)。
附着在高韧度织物上的橡胶混合物优选包括天然橡胶和苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶。此外,进一步包括天然橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶和聚丁二烯,或天然橡胶和聚丁二烯的橡胶混合物也适于形成所述橡胶层。下表概括了一部分用于本发明构造的示例性化合物。这些配方中的每种均可由Specialty Tires of America ofIndiana,Pennsylvania获得。
配方 | 天然橡胶 | 苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶 | 聚丁二烯 |
2148 | 80% | 20% | 0% |
2160 | 66% | 14% | 20% |
2141 | 75% | 0% | 25% |
2170 | 25% | 35% | 40% |
这些橡胶混合物配方作为未固化的(B阶)胶料得到。固化后,得到的橡胶相对较硬,但仍然足够薄和柔软。该橡胶片材优选为约5-约50密耳(约0.13-约1.27mm)厚,更优选约15-约40密耳(约0.38-1mm)厚,最优选约30密耳(0.76mm)厚。可使用隔离纸以保持该未固化的橡胶片在涂覆的高强度织物上的一致涂覆(厚度)。
所述耐刀刺层可以任何适宜的方式形成。例如,根据美国专利第6,280,546号的教导,可首先将热塑性薄膜(如果使用)附着在织物上。最终的片材形成工艺可采用三步法实施。第一步包括由辊连续供给涂覆的织物和橡胶片,将EVA涂覆的织物附着在生橡胶混合物片上。可使用压延辊将这两种片材压在一起以形成轻微覆盖的片材。如本领域技术人员知晓的那样,当在所述片材料两侧均需要橡胶片材时,该方法可容易地进行改进。
适用于将橡胶混合物片材附着在所述涂覆的织物上的机器为具有外层软胶辊和钢质中心辊的Van Vlandrin Silk Calender。不同于一些压延方法,其该附着步骤中仅施加很少或不施加热量,以避免橡胶片材的早期固化。当该涂覆的织物初步粘附在该橡胶片材上后,在加热并固化前可容易地将其分离。由于该橡胶片材是未固化的,即“粘性的”,下面的经涂覆的织物内层对于向未固化橡胶片材提供支撑和下层结构是重要的。
当所述涂覆的织物与橡胶片材附着在一起后,可在卷绕层间使用适宜的隔离纸将该组合围绕轴芯卷绕成卷,并使用耐热带固定。所述隔离纸可放置为使得在卷绕时直接邻近纸卷轴芯。然而,涂覆的织物和橡胶片材并非必需要卷绕在辊上。可选地,可收集所述涂覆织物和橡胶片材,并沿细长的收集装置如连续移动传送带移动。然而在固化/烘烤工艺期间,使所述辊或其它收集装置连续旋转/滚动是重要的。由于在固化工艺的最初时间内因其自身重量,该初期未固化的橡胶片材趋于脱落或下垂,因而这是重要的。通过连续旋转该辊,可以保证固化和最终的外保护层厚度的均匀性。
其次,可在烤箱中在约230-约280(约110-约138℃)温度下烘烤该卷约4-约24小时。如本领域技术人员知晓的那样,较低的固化温度将需要较长的时间,以充分完成橡胶片材的固化。
在本发明的防护服中可采用一个或多个耐刀刺层。该多层结构可由相同或不同的独立复合材料层制成。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,所述防护服还能够抵御枪弹(ballistic projectile)。在该实施方式中,存在包含高韧度纤维网的防弹复合材料。这些纤维可处于低模量材料基质中。通常,在上述关于耐刀刺层中讨论的那些纤维适用于该防弹层。优选地,该防弹复合材料中的纤维的至少50重量%包含所述高韧度纤维,更优选此类复合材料中的纤维的至少75重量%包含所述高韧度纤维。应该指出的是,在所述耐刀刺层和防弹层中可使用相同或不同的高韧度纤维。
对于在耐冲击和防弹制品如头盔、板和背心中使用的纤维增强复合材料,已知多种构造。这些复合材料对来自枪弹如子弹、榴霰弹和弹片等的高速冲击表现出不同的耐穿透性。例如,美国专利6,268,301 B1、6,248,676 B1、6,219,842 B1、5,677,029、5,587,230、5,552,208、5,471,906、5,330,820、5,196,252、5,190,802、5,187,023、5,185,195、5,175,040、5,167,876、5,165,989、5,124,195、5,112,667、5,061,545、5,006,390、4,953,234、4,916,000、4,883,700、4,820,568、4,748,064、4,737,402、4,737,401、4,681,792、4,650,710、4,623,574、4,613,535、4,584,347、4,563,392、4,543,286、4,501,856、4,457,985和4,403,012;PCT第WO91/12136号公报和E.I.DuPont De Nemours International S.A.的标题为“Lightweight Composite Hard Armor Non Apparel Systems with T-9633300 dtex DuPont Kevlar 29 Fibre”的1984公报,所有这些均记载了包括高强度纤维的防弹复合材料,该高强度纤维由例如高分子量聚乙烯、芳族聚酰胺和聚苯唑类的材料制成。这些复合材料取决于其构造和使用的材料的性质,为柔性或者刚性。
防弹复合材料典型地由机织织物或针织织物或折叠在一起的纤维片形成。所述片中的纤维可以是单向取向的,两层这类单向取向纤维以0°/90°排列方式交叉重叠的两层或以无规取向粘结。当独立的帘布层为单向取向的纤维时,后续帘布层优选相互相对旋转,例如以0°/90°或0°/45°/90°/45°/0°或以其它角度。该机织织物或纤维的单独帘布层可以是未覆盖的,或包埋于填充纤维间空隙的聚合物基质材料中。如果没有基质存在,则所述织物或纤维片应本身就是柔性的;如果使用基质,则其优选为柔性的。优选地,本发明的防弹层是由聚乙烯或芳族聚酰胺纤维形成的织物。如本领域公知的,典型地在防护服中采用几层防弹复合材料,以提供必需的防弹性,相对于邻近的层,每个独立的层可由不同纤维形成或具有不同的构造。
所述防弹层的织物部分可以是机织织物,其可以是任何编织形式,包括平纹、斜纹、缎纹、三维机织织物及任意的它们的几种变型。优选平纹织物,更优选具有相等的经纱和纬纱支数的平纹织物。
本领域技术人员将会理解,目前不能先验性地确定对于材料、纤维旦尼尔数和纱线旦尼尔数的任意具体组合的最佳编织密度(weavecount)。一方面,具有最高可行覆盖度的更密集编织使得枪弹更加难于找到孔眼和推开纱线和纤维。另一方面,高频率的纱线跨接(cross-over)限制了枪弹作用通过纤维的传播,并减少能够由枪弹吸收能量的纤维的体积。本领域技术人员通过试验可容易地找到对于每种纤维材料、纱线旦尼尔数和丝旦尼尔数的最佳纱线支数。
对于1200旦尼尔的聚乙烯纱线如由Honeywell International Inc.生产的SPECTRA900纱线,优选具有约15×15根纱线/英寸(约5.9根纱线/cm)-约45×45根纱线/英寸(17.7根纱线/cm)的平纹织物。更优选具有约17×17根纱线/英寸(6.7根纱线/cm)-约23×23根纱线/英寸(9.0根纱线/cm)的平纹织物。对于650旦尼尔的SPECTRA900聚乙烯纱线,优选具有约20×20根纱线/英寸(7.9根纱线/cm)-约40×40根纱线/英寸(16根纱线/cm)的平纹织物。对于215旦尼尔的SPECTRA1000聚乙烯纱线,优选具有约40×40根纱线/英寸(16根纱线/cm)-约60×60根纱线/英寸(24根纱线/cm)的平织物。
用于防弹层中的层合物的纱线可以为约50旦尼尔-约3000旦尼尔。该选择由防弹有效性和成本考虑来决定。较细的纱线生产和编织更昂贵,但每单位重量能够产生更大的防弹效率。该纱线优选为约200旦尼尔-约3000旦尼尔。更优选该纱线为约650旦尼尔-约1500旦尼尔。最优选该纱线为约800旦尼尔-约1300旦尼尔。
用于本文的纤维截面可广泛地变化。它们的截面可以是圆形的、扁平的(flat)或椭圆形的(oblong)。它们也可以是不规则或规则的多叶形截面,具有一个或多个由纤维的线形或纵向轴突出的规则或不规则的叶片。优选所述纤维基本上具有圆形、扁平或椭圆形截面,最优选前者。
在本发明的实践中,提供几层柔性耐刀刺复合材料,并使之与几层防弹复合材料相邻,但优选不与之粘结。优选地,耐刀刺复合材料层相对于穿着者向外,如此以使得耐刀刺复合材料层为撞击面,尽管已经令人惊奇地发现该耐刀刺复合材料层可以向内面向穿着者,并仍然保持其耐刀刺性。在后一构造中,该耐刀刺包装还可用作减少外伤的垫。
在一个实施方式中,由多个防弹复合材料层以常规方式形成背心。这些层优选没有层压在一起,但可缝合在一起以避免各层相互之间的滑动。可选地,它们可以互相层压。为提供所需的耐刀刺性,与所述防弹复合材料层一起穿着由多个耐刀刺复合材料层形成的衬垫;优选地,该衬垫层向外面对该防弹层,尽管如上所述其也可以颠倒设置。
用于本发明防弹层的层合物优选为柔性的,并可如本领域公知的那样浸渍有弹性体基质组合物或包埋于弹性体基质组合物中。
根据ASTM D638测量,用于所述防弹层的弹性体优选具有等于或低于约6,000psi(41.4MPa)的初始拉伸模量(弹性模量)。更优选该弹性体具有等于或低于约2,400psi(16.5MPa)的初始拉伸模量。最优选该弹性体具有等于或低于约1,200psi(8.23MPa)的初始拉伸模量。
可使用多种类型的弹性体材料。例如可采用任意的以下材料:聚丁二烯、聚异戊二烯、天然橡胶、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物、聚硫化物聚合物、聚氨酯弹性体、氯磺化聚乙烯、聚氯丁烯、使用邻苯二甲酸二辛酯或其它本领域公知的增塑剂增塑的聚氯乙烯、丁二烯-丙烯腈弹性体、聚(异丁烯-共-异戊二烯)、聚丙烯酸酯、聚酯、聚醚、氟橡胶、硅氧烷弹性体、热塑性弹性体、乙烯共聚物。
优选用于聚乙烯织物的为共轭二烯与乙烯基芳香族化合物共聚物的嵌段共聚物。丁二烯和异戊二烯是优选的共轭二烯弹性体。苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯和叔丁基苯乙烯为优选的共轭芳香族化合物单体。可对结合有聚异戊二烯的嵌段共聚物进行氢化以生产具有饱和烃弹性体链段的热塑性弹性体。该聚合物可以是简单的R-(BA)x型三嵌段共聚物(x=3-150);其中A为源自聚乙烯基芳香族化合物单体的嵌段和B为源自共轭二烯弹性体的嵌段。这些聚合物中的多种由Kraton Polymers,Inc.商业生产。
所述弹性体可与填料如炭黑、二氧化硅等复合,并可用油填充和用硫、过氧化物、金属氧化物或辐射固化体系采用橡胶领域技术人员公知的技术硫化。可一起使用不同弹性体材料的共混物,或可将一种或多种弹性体与一种或多种热塑性物质共混。
所述弹性体优选形成防弹层合物的约1-约30重量%。更优选地,所述弹性体形成此类层合物的约2-约20重量%。
该弹性体涂层可通过在机织织物表面通过喷涂或辊涂该弹性体的溶液,然后干燥来施加。可选地,该弹性体可形成薄膜或片材,并通过加压和/或加热施加在该机织织物表面。优选通过辊涂溶液并随后干燥来施加苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯或苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯型的嵌段共聚弹性体。
以下非限制性实施例用于提供对本发明更加完整的理解。用于阐述本发明原理而给出的具体技术、条件、材料、比例和报道的数据为示例性的,不应解释为限制本发明的范围。
实施例
实施例1
由1200旦尼尔聚乙烯纱线机织织物(902型)形成耐刀刺复合材料,所述聚乙烯纱线为Honeywell International Inc.的SPECTRA900,具有如下拉伸性质:30g/d韧度、850g/d模量和63J/g断裂能。该织物为17×17根纱线/英寸(6.7×6.7根纱线/cm)的平纹织物,厚度0.018英寸(0.46mm)。
将由乙烯醋酸乙烯酯聚合物(EVA)薄膜形成的具有0.003英寸(0.076mm)厚度的粘结层薄膜附着在该织物的两侧。橡胶混合物层由80%天然橡胶和20%苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶的共混物形成(来自SpecialtyTires的2148配方)。将该橡胶层和粘结层附着在织物的两侧。
将该复合材料形成卷,并在旋转下于160在烘箱中固化8小时。由由所述卷形成经测量为12×12英寸(30.5×30.5cm)的样品,然后将其在260在压机中后固化1小时。
固化后,形成0.095英寸橡胶/0.003英寸EVA/0.018英寸织物/0.003英寸EVA/0.025英寸橡胶的一层层结构。该一层层结构被用作复合材料的耐刀刺层。为易于说明,这些实施例中的耐刀刺层被称作“防刺组件(stab package)”。该防刺组件具有0.813磅/平方英尺(3.97kg/m2)的重量,和0.144-0.146英寸(3.56-3.71mm)的厚度。
在实施例1中还采用防弹组件。该组件由可由HoneywellInternational Inc.得到的SPECTRA SHIELDLCR柔性无纺防弹织物形成。SPECTRA SHIELDLCR为2层单向高强度高模量SPECTRA聚乙烯纤维的卷,聚乙烯纤维具有热塑性弹性体树脂基质,以0°/90°交叉层叠,并且中间夹有热塑性薄膜,可用于软防护服。该SPECTRA聚乙烯纤维具有30g/d的韧度、850g/d的拉伸模量和45g/d的断裂能。总计使用39层SPECTRA SHIELDLCR织物,具有1.236磅/平方英尺(6.03kg/m2)的总重量。该防弹组件具有IIIA水平的National Institute ofJustice(NIJ)等级。该防弹组件样品的尺寸也为12×12英寸(30.5×30.5cm)。
将所述防刺组件和防弹组件安置在帆布包中,并使得该防刺组件面向外部,从而成为撞击面。
根据Personal Body Armor NIJ Standard 0115.00的NIJ耐刺性测试耐刺性。在该试验中使用不同类型的刀和保护水平。使用称为S1刀和P1刀的经设计的刀片。该S1刀具有约1/8英寸(3.18mm)厚并具有两个刃口的刀片。P1刀具有约1/16英寸(1.59mm)厚并具有一个刃口的刀片;相对于S1刀,该刀更加难于阻止穿透。
对于每种威胁(刀型),存在三个防护水平(L1、L2和L3),每一水平存在两个冲击(或撞击)能。
每种武器以不同刺入角(angles of incidence)进行测试,最严格的为0度刺入角。对于本发明实施例的穿刺防护要求列于下表1中:
表1
冲击保护水平
水平 | 能量E1(J) | 能量E2(J) |
L1 | 24±0.5 | 36±0.6 |
L2 | 33±0.6 | 50±0.7 |
L3 | 43±0.6 | 65±0.8 |
通过/失败标准:
在E1能量下:剌入不能超过7mm
在E2能量下:刺入不能超过20mm
当在0和45度刺入角测试时,实施例1的组合防刺组件和防弹组件通过了使用S1和P1刀在E1和E2能量水平下对于每种刀的刀刺防护标准。结果示于下表2中。
实施例2
在防刺组件中使用两层实施例1的结构重复实施例1。防弹组件由SPECTRA SHIELDLCR无纺防弹织物形成。总计使用32层,具有0.990磅/平方英尺(4.833kg/m2)的重量,和具有II水平的NIJ等级。
刺穿防护试验结果也示于表2中。如所示的,组合防刺组件和防弹组件通过了用更加难于阻止的P1刀以更难的0度刺入角在E1和E2能量水平下的测试。
实施例3
重复实施例2,除了使用实施例1的防弹组件以外。该穿刺防护试验结果也示于表2中。如所示的,组合防刺组件和防弹组件通过了用更加难于阻止的P1刀以更难的0度刺入角在E1和E2能量水平下的测试。
实施例4
在该实施例中,在防刺组件中使用两种不同的复合材料。一层与实施例1相同。第二层由0.025英寸(0.635mm)橡胶/0.003英寸(0.076mm)EVA/0.018英寸(0.457mm)织物/0.003英寸(0.076mm)EVA/0.025英寸(0.635mm)橡胶的复合材料形成。采用与实施例1中相同的织物和橡胶。该防刺组件具有1.229磅/平方英尺(6.0kg/m2)的重量和0.215-0.227英寸(5.461-5.766mm)的厚度。防弹组件为HoneywellInternationalInc.的GOLD FLEX柔性复合材料,该复合材料为4层具有热塑性树脂基质的单向芳族聚酰胺纤维带的卷产品,所述4层纤维带以0°/90°/0°/90°交叉层叠并夹有热塑性薄膜。这是用于软防护服的芳族聚酰胺防护产品。在该防弹组件中总计使用24层,具有1.178磅/平方英尺(5.751kg/m2)的重量。该防弹组件具有IIIA等级的NIJ水平。
穿刺防护试验的结果也示于表2中。如所示的,组合防刺组件和防弹组件通过了使用S1和P1刀以0和45度刺入角在两个能量水平下的试验。
实施例5
重复实施例2,除了所述防弹组件为GOLD FLEX柔性复合材料以外。该防弹组件由18层形成,具有0.864磅/平方英尺的重量,并具有II等级的NIJ水平。
耐刀刺性试验结果同样示于表2中。如所示的,该组合防刺组件和防弹组件通过了使用更难于阻止的P1刀以更难的0度刺入角在E1和E2能量水平下的试验。
实施例6
在该实施例中,耐刀刺层由0.025英寸(0.635mm)橡胶/0.003英寸(0.076mm)EVA/0.018英寸(0.457mm)织物/0.003英寸(0.076mm)EVA/0.025英寸(0.635mm)橡胶的复合材料形成。所述织物和橡胶与在实施例4的第二层中使用的相同。该防刺组件具有0.388磅/平方英尺(1.894kg/m2)的重量和0.071-079英寸(1.803-2.007mm)的厚度。防弹组件为Du Pont的Kevlar29织物,根据生产商,其由具有23g/d韧度和550g/d拉伸模量的(聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺))纱线形成。该织物没有树脂涂层,而是干燥织物。在该防弹组件中总计使用32层该Kevlar织物,具有1.508磅/平方英尺(7.362kg/m2)的重量。该防弹组件具有IIIA等级的NIJ水平。
耐刀刺性结果同样示于表2中。如所示的,该组合防刺组件和防弹组件通过了使用S1和P1刀以更难的0度刺入角在E1和E2能量水平下的试验。
实施例7
在该实施例中,耐刀刺组件与在实施例1中使用的类似,除了橡胶的重量之外。该耐刀刺层的重量为0.835磅/平方英尺(4.076kg/m2),厚度为0.145-0.146英寸(3.683-3.708mm)。防弹组件与实施例6中使用的相同。
耐刀刺性试验结果同样示于表2中。如所示的,该组合防刺组件和防弹组件通过了使用S1和P1刀以0和45度刺入角在E1和E2能量水平下的测试。
表II
耐刀刺性能
实施例编号 | 水平 | 刺入角 | 威胁武器 | 能量水平 | 允许的刺入 | 实际的刺入 |
1 | L1 | 0 | S1刀 | E1 | 7 | 0 |
L1 | 0 | S1刀 | E2 | 20 | 0 | |
L1 | 0 | P1刀 | E1 | 7 | 2 | |
L1 | 0 | P1刀 | E2 | 20 | 16 | |
L1 | 45 | S1刀 | E1 | 7 | 0 | |
L1 | 45 | P1刀 | E1 | 7 | 0 | |
2 | L2 | 0 | P1刀 | E1 | 7 | 6 |
L2 | 0 | P1刀 | E2 | 20 | 20 | |
3 | L2 | 0 | P1刀 | E1 | 7 | 1 |
L2 | 0 | P1刀 | E2 | 20 | 17 | |
4 | L1 | 0 | S1刀 | E1 | 7 | 0 |
L1 | 0 | S1刀 | E2 | 20 | 0 | |
L1 | 0 | P1刀 | E1 | 7 | 6 | |
L1 | 0 | P1刀 | E2 | 20 | 17 | |
L1 | 45 | S1刀 | E1 | 7 | 0 | |
L1 | 45 | P1刀 | E1 | 7 | 0 | |
5 | L2 | 0 | P1刀 | E1 | 7 | 6 |
L2 | 0 | P1刀 | E2 | 20 | 6 | |
6 | L1 | 0 | S1刀 | E1 | 7 | 0 |
L1 | 0 | S1刀 | E2 | 20 | 0 | |
L1 | 0 | P1刀 | E1 | 7 | 2 | |
L1 | 0 | P1刀 | E2 | 20 | 9 | |
7 | L2 | 0 | S1刀 | E1 | 7 | 0 |
L2 | 0 | S1刀 | E2 | 20 | 0 | |
L2 | 0 | P1刀 | E1 | 7 | 1 | |
L2 | 0 | P1刀 | E2 | 20 | 16 | |
L2 | 45 | S1刀 | E1 | 7 | 0 | |
L2 | 45 | P1刀 | E1 | 7 | 1 |
可以发现实施例1-7中的每个样品均通过了使用S1和P1刀在E1和E2冲击能量水平下的试验。这些样品通过了试验的L1和/或L2水平要求。
因此,可以发现本发明提供了柔性和耐刀刺的防护服。这类防护服体积较小、穿着舒适。该防护服还可包括同样也可为柔性的防弹层,以提供耐刀刺和防弹防护服。
虽然本发明已经以相当详细的方式进行了描述,但应理解不需要严格遵循这些细节,相反本领域技术人员可提出进一步的改进和修正,所有这些均落入由附属的权利要求书定义的本发明范围内。
Claims (30)
1.一种耐刀刺的柔性防护服,所述防护服包括至少一个柔性复合材料层,所述柔性复合材料包括由高韧度纤维网形成的织物基体和粘结于所述织物基体上的橡胶层。
2.权利要求1的柔性防护服,进一步包括粘结于所述织物基体和所述橡胶层上的含热塑性材料的粘结层。
3.权利要求2的柔性防护服,其中所述高韧度纤维具有至少约30克/旦尼尔的韧度。
4.权利要求2的柔性防护服,其中所述织物中至少约50重量%的纤维包括所述高韧度纤维。
5.权利要求2的柔性防护服,其中所述高韧度纤维选自高分子量聚乙烯、高分子量聚丙烯、芳族聚酰胺、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯腈、聚苯唑、聚酯和刚性棒纤维及它们的共混物。
6.权利要求2的柔性防护服,其中所述高韧度纤维选自高分子量聚乙烯、芳族聚酰胺及它们的共混物。
7.权利要求2的柔性防护服,其中所述高韧度纤维包含高分子量聚乙烯。
8.权利要求2的柔性防护服,其中所述织物为机织织物。
9.权利要求2的柔性防护服,其中所述橡胶层包括选自由天然橡胶和苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶;天然橡胶和聚丁二烯;和天然橡胶、苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶和苯乙烯聚丁二烯所组成的组的橡胶混合物。
10.权利要求9的柔性防护服,其中所述橡胶混合物包含天然橡胶和苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶。
11.权利要求2的柔性防护服,其中所述热塑性材料选自聚乙烯、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯及它们的共混物。
12.权利要求1的柔性防护服,其中所述防护服包括多种所述柔性复合材料。
13.权利要求2的柔性防护服,进一步包括至少一种包含高韧度纤维网的防弹复合材料,从而所述防护服还能够抵御弹道冲击。
14.权利要求13的柔性防护服,其中所述防弹复合材料的所述高韧度纤维选自高分子量聚乙烯、高分子量聚丙烯、芳族聚酰胺、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯腈、聚苯唑、聚酯、刚性棒纤维及它们的共混物。
15.权利要求14的柔性防护服,其中所述防弹复合材料的所述高韧度纤维选自高分子量聚乙烯、芳族聚酰胺及它们的共混物。
16.一种耐刀刺并防弹的柔性防护服,所述防护服包括至少一个柔性复合材料的耐刀刺层,所述柔性复合材料包括由高韧度纤维网形成的织物基体和粘结于所述织物基体的橡胶层,和至少一个包括高韧度纤维网的柔性防弹复合材料层。
17.权利要求16的柔性防护服,其中所述耐刀刺层进一步包括粘结于所述织物基体和所述橡胶层的含热塑性材料的粘结层。
18.权利要求17的柔性防护服,其中所述防护服包括多个所述的耐刀刺层和多个所述的防弹层。
19.权利要求18的柔性防护服,其中所述耐刀刺层和所述防弹层两者的所述高韧度纤维各自独立地选自高分子量聚乙烯、高分子量聚丙烯、芳族聚酰胺、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯腈、聚苯唑、聚酯、刚性棒纤维及它们的共混物。
20.权利要求19的柔性防护服,其中所述耐刀刺层和所述防弹层两者的所述高韧度纤维各自独立地选自高分子量聚乙烯、芳族聚酰胺及它们的共混物。
21.权利要求20的柔性防护服,其中所述橡胶层包括选自天然橡胶和苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶;天然橡胶和聚丁二烯;和天然橡胶、苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶和苯乙烯聚丁二烯的橡胶混合物。
22.权利要求21的柔性防护服,其中所述橡胶混合物包括天然橡胶和苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶。
23.权利要求22的柔性防护服,其中所述耐刀刺层的所述织物基体包括机织织物,其中所述织物中至少约50重量%的纤维包含高分子量聚乙烯纤维。
24.权利要求21的柔性防护服,其中所述热塑性材料选自聚乙烯、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯及它们的共混物。
25.一种耐刀刺并防弹的柔性防护服,所述防护服包括多个柔性复合材料的耐刀刺层,所述柔性复合材料包括由高韧度纤维网形成的织物基体,在该织物中至少50重量%的纤维包括高分子量聚乙烯,粘结于所述织物基体上的含热塑性材料的粘结层,和粘结于所述粘结层的橡胶层;和多个柔性防弹复合材料层,所述柔性防弹复合材料层包括高韧度纤维网,该高韧度纤维含有至少50重量%的选自高分子量聚乙烯、芳族聚酰胺及其共混物的纤维。
26.权利要求25的柔性防护服,其中所述橡胶层包括选自天然橡胶和苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶;天然橡胶和聚丁二烯;和天然橡胶、苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶和苯乙烯聚丁二烯的橡胶混合物。
27.权利要求26的柔性防护服,其中所述耐刀刺层的所述柔性复合材料的所述织物基体包括机织织物,和所述柔性防弹复合材料层为无纺布形式。
28.权利要求27的柔性防护服,其中所述橡胶层包括包含天然橡胶和苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶的橡胶混合物,和所述耐刀刺层的所述柔性复合材料的所述高韧度纤维包括高分子量聚乙烯纤维,和所述防弹复合材料层的所述高韧度纤维包括高分子量聚乙烯纤维。
29.权利要求28的柔性防护服,其中所述粘结层的所述热塑性材料包括乙烯醋酸乙烯酯。
30.权利要求29的柔性防护服,其中所述耐刀刺层的所述柔性复合材料的所述织物基体重约2-15盎司/平方码(约67.8-约508.6g/m2),在经向和纬向均包括约15根纱线-约45根纱线/英寸(约5.9-约17.7根纱线/cm),和其中经纱和纬纱分别是约650-1200旦尼尔。
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- 2005-12-22 CN CN2005800491267A patent/CN101218480B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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IL184693A (en) | 2011-11-30 |
IL184693A0 (en) | 2008-12-29 |
CN101218480B (zh) | 2012-10-31 |
WO2007084104A2 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
US7288493B2 (en) | 2007-10-30 |
JP2008527200A (ja) | 2008-07-24 |
US20070173150A1 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
EP1844293A2 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
WO2007084104A3 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
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