CN109305810A - 一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109305810A
CN109305810A CN201811198493.9A CN201811198493A CN109305810A CN 109305810 A CN109305810 A CN 109305810A CN 201811198493 A CN201811198493 A CN 201811198493A CN 109305810 A CN109305810 A CN 109305810A
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冯婉钰
冯明铎
张家植
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Anhui Silver Point Electronic Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的原料制成：氧化锌96‑99份、三氧化二铋1‑2份、碳化硼1‑2份、二氧化钛0.01‑0.03份、氧化锰0.3‑0.5份、四氧化三钴0.2‑0.4份，钛酸铜钙0.1‑0.2份、氟锆酸钾0.02‑0.04份、四硼酸钠0.04‑0.08份、氧化铝0.04‑0.07份、复合稀土氧化物0.08‑0.16份。其制备方法为：将上述原料混合均匀研磨后在氮气气氛中先在920‑1080℃下加热1.8‑3h，然后在620‑720℃下保温1‑2h，自然冷却后，即可。通过加复合稀土氧化物，使压敏电阻材料具有良好的综合性能，电位梯度得到提升，漏电流得到降低。

Description

一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于电阻材料领域具体涉及一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
压敏电阻是在一定电流电压范围内电阻值随电压而变，或者是说“电阻值对电压敏感”的阻器。英文名称叫“Voltage Dependent Resistor”简写为“VDR”，或者叫做“Varistor”。
实际使用时，压敏电阻器与被保护的电器设备或元器件并联使用。当电路中出现雷电过电压或瞬态操作过电压Vs时，压敏电阻器和被保护的设备及元器件同时承受Vs，由于压敏电阻器响应速度很快，它以纳秒级时间迅速呈现优良非线性导电特性，此时压敏电阻器两端电压迅速下降，远远小于Vs，这样被保护的设备及元器件上实际承受的电压就远低于过电压Vs，从而使设备及元器件免遭过电压的冲击。尤其是在特高压交流输变电系统中，为了实现避雷器阀片的小型化和轻型化，降低制造成本，开发一种高电位梯度的压敏电阻材料是发展趋势。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：提供一种高电位梯度的含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料及其制备方法，解决了现有压敏电阻在特高压交流输变电系统中性能不足的问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的原料制成：
氧化锌96-99份、三氧化二铋1-2份、碳化硼1-2份、二氧化钛0.01-0.03份、氧化锰0.3-0.5份、四氧化三钴0.2-0.4份，钛酸铜钙0.1-0.2份、氟锆酸钾0.02-0.04份、四硼酸钠0.04-0.08份、氧化铝0.04-0.07份、复合稀土氧化物0.08-0.16份。
优选地，一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的原料制成：
氧化锌98份、三氧化二铋1.5份、碳化硼1.5份、二氧化钛0.02份、氧化锰0.4份、四氧化三钴0.3份，钛酸铜钙0.15份、氟锆酸钾0.03份、四硼酸钠0.05份、氧化铝0.06份、复合稀土氧化物0.12份。
优选地，所述的氧化锌为纳米氧化锌，粒径为40-80纳米。
优选地，所述的复合稀土氧化物由五氧化二铌、氧化镱、十一氧化六镨组成。
优选地，所述的复合稀土氧化物中五氧化二铌、氧化镱、十一氧化六镨的质量比为1:1:2。
一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
S1：将氧化锌、三氧化二铋、碳化硼、二氧化钛、氧化锰、四氧化三钴，钛酸铜钙、氟锆酸钾、四硼酸钠、氧化铝、复合稀土氧化物混合均匀，加入变频行星式球磨机中研磨；
S2：将研磨后的原料在氮气气氛中先在920-1080℃下加热1.8-3h，然后在620-720℃下保温1-2h，自然冷却后，即可。
优选地，步骤S1中研磨速度为400-600r/min，研磨时间为15-20min
本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明的压敏电阻材料制备方法简单，通过加入适当比例的几种稀土氧化物，使得制备而成的压敏电阻材料具有良好的综合性能，电位梯度得到提升，漏电流得到降低。
具体实施例
实施例1
一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的原料制成：
粒径为50纳米的氧化锌96份、三氧化二铋1份、碳化硼1份、二氧化钛0.01份、氧化锰0.3份、四氧化三钴0.2份，钛酸铜钙0.1份、氟锆酸钾0.02份、四硼酸钠0.04份、氧化铝0.04份、五氧化二铌0.02份、氧化镱0.02份、十一氧化六镨0.04份。
上述含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
S1：将氧化锌、三氧化二铋、碳化硼、二氧化钛、氧化锰、四氧化三钴，钛酸铜钙、氟锆酸钾、四硼酸钠、氧化铝、五氧化二铌、氧化镱、十一氧化六镨混合均匀，加入变频行星式球磨机中研磨15min，研磨速度为600r/min；
S2：将研磨后的原料在氮气气氛中先在920℃下加热3h，然后在620℃下保温2h，自然冷却后，即可。
实施例2
一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的原料制成：
粒径为70纳米的氧化锌98份、三氧化二铋1.5份、碳化硼1.5份、二氧化钛0.02份、氧化锰0.4份、四氧化三钴0.3份，钛酸铜钙0.15份、氟锆酸钾0.03份、四硼酸钠0.05份、氧化铝0.06份、五氧化二铌0.03份、氧化镱0.03份、十一氧化六镨0.06份。
上述含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
S1：将氧化锌、三氧化二铋、碳化硼、二氧化钛、氧化锰、四氧化三钴，钛酸铜钙、氟锆酸钾、四硼酸钠、氧化铝、五氧化二铌、氧化镱、十一氧化六镨混合均匀，加入变频行星式球磨机中研磨18min，研磨速度为500r/min；
S2：将研磨后的原料在氮气气氛中先在1000℃下加热2.4h，然后在680℃下保温1.6h，自然冷却后，即可。
实施例3
一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的原料制成：
粒径为100纳米的氧化锌99份、三氧化二铋2份、碳化硼2份、二氧化钛0.03份、氧化锰0.5份、四氧化三钴0.4份，钛酸锶0.2份、氟锆酸钾0.04份、四硼酸钠0.08份、氧化铝0.07份、五氧化二铌0.04份、氧化镱0.04份、十一氧化六镨0.08份。
上述含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
S1：将氧化锌、三氧化二铋、碳化硼、二氧化钛、氧化锰、四氧化三钴，钛酸铜钙、氟锆酸钾、四硼酸钠、氧化铝、五氧化二铌、氧化镱、十一氧化六镨混合均匀，加入变频行星式球磨机中研磨20min，研磨速度为400r/min；
S2：将研磨后的原料在氮气气氛中先在1080℃下加热1.8h，然后在720℃下保温1h，自然冷却后，即可。
对比例1
一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的原料制成：
粒径为100纳米的氧化锌99份、三氧化二铋2份、碳化硼2份、二氧化钛0.03份、氧化锰0.5份、四氧化三钴0.4份，钛酸锶0.2份、氟锆酸钾0.04份、四硼酸钠0.08份、氧化铝0.07份。
上述含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
S1：将氧化锌、三氧化二铋、碳化硼、二氧化钛、氧化锰、四氧化三钴，钛酸铜钙、氟锆酸钾、四硼酸钠、氧化铝混合均匀，加入变频行星式球磨机中研磨20min，研磨速度为400r/min；
S2：将研磨后的原料在氮气气氛中先在1080℃下加热1.8h，然后在720℃下保温1h，自然冷却后，即可。
对比例2
一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的原料制成：
粒径为100纳米的氧化锌99份、三氧化二铋2份、碳化硼2份、二氧化钛0.03份、氧化锰0.5份、四氧化三钴0.4份，钛酸锶0.2份、氟锆酸钾0.04份、四硼酸钠0.08份、氧化铝0.07份、五氧化二铌0.04份、氧化镱0.04份。
上述含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
S1：将氧化锌、三氧化二铋、碳化硼、二氧化钛、氧化锰、四氧化三钴，钛酸铜钙、氟锆酸钾、四硼酸钠、氧化铝、五氧化二铌、氧化镱混合均匀，加入变频行星式球磨机中研磨20min，研磨速度为400r/min；
S2：将研磨后的原料在氮气气氛中先在1080℃下加热1.8h，然后在720℃下保温1h，自然冷却后，即可。
对比例3
一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的原料制成：
粒径为100纳米的氧化锌99份、三氧化二铋2份、碳化硼2份、二氧化钛0.03份、氧化锰0.5份、四氧化三钴0.4份，钛酸锶0.2份、氟锆酸钾0.04份、四硼酸钠0.08份、氧化铝0.07份、五氧化二铌0.04份、十一氧化六镨0.08份。
上述含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
S1：将氧化锌、三氧化二铋、碳化硼、二氧化钛、氧化锰、四氧化三钴，钛酸铜钙、氟锆酸钾、四硼酸钠、氧化铝、五氧化二铌、十一氧化六镨混合均匀，加入变频行星式球磨机中研磨20min，研磨速度为400r/min；
S2：将研磨后的原料在氮气气氛中先在1080℃下加热1.8h，然后在720℃下保温1h，自然冷却后，即可。
实施例1-3与对比例1-3制得的压敏电阻材料的性能测试结果如下表所示：
检测项目 电位梯度(V/mm) 漏电流(0.75V1mA下，μA)
实施例1 1500 2.1
实施例2 1600 1.8
实施例3 1450 2.1
对比例1 1150 3.8
对比例2 1250 3.2
对比例3 1300 2.8
从上述表格中可以看出：在本发明的压敏电阻材料中添加质量比为1:1:2的五氧化二铌、氧化镱、十一氧化六镨时，制备而成的的压敏电阻材料的电位梯度相较于对比例而言得到了提升，漏电流得到了降低。另外，从实施例1-3中可以看出，实施例2的原料配方效果最好。

Claims (7)

1.一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：
氧化锌96-99份、三氧化二铋1-2份、碳化硼1-2份、二氧化钛0.01-0.03份、氧化锰0.3-0.5份、四氧化三钴0.2-0.4份，钛酸铜钙0.1-0.2份、氟锆酸钾0.02-0.04份、四硼酸钠0.04-0.08份、氧化铝0.04-0.07份、复合稀土氧化物0.08-0.16份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：
氧化锌98份、三氧化二铋1.5份、碳化硼1.5份、二氧化钛0.02份、氧化锰0.4份、四氧化三钴0.3份，钛酸铜钙0.15份、氟锆酸钾0.03份、四硼酸钠0.05份、氧化铝0.06份、复合稀土氧化物0.12份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料，其特征在于，所述的氧化锌为纳米氧化锌，粒径为40-80纳米。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料，其特征在于，所述的复合稀土氧化物由五氧化二铌、氧化镱、十一氧化六镨组成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料，其特征在于，所述的复合稀土氧化物中五氧化二铌、氧化镱、十一氧化六镨的质量比为1:1:2。
6.一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料的制备方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：
S1：将氧化锌、三氧化二铋、碳化硼、二氧化钛、氧化锰、四氧化三钴，钛酸铜钙、氟锆酸钾、四硼酸钠、氧化铝、复合稀土氧化物混合均匀，加入变频行星式球磨机中研磨；
S2：将研磨后的原料在氮气气氛中先在920-1080℃下加热1.8-3h，然后在620-720℃下保温1-2h，自然冷却后，即可。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种含有复合稀土氧化物的压敏电阻材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S1中研磨速度为400-600r/min，研磨时间为15-20min。
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