CN109302090A - A kind of change switching frequency PWM control method suitable for single-phase MMC - Google Patents
A kind of change switching frequency PWM control method suitable for single-phase MMC Download PDFInfo
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- CN109302090A CN109302090A CN201811161980.8A CN201811161980A CN109302090A CN 109302090 A CN109302090 A CN 109302090A CN 201811161980 A CN201811161980 A CN 201811161980A CN 109302090 A CN109302090 A CN 109302090A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of change switching frequency PWM control method suitable for single-phase MMC, it include: the carrier frequency by regulating and controlling single-phase MMC, the switch periods duration of the pwm pulse of generation is compared in regulation based on carrier signal, to control the switching frequency of the single-phase MMC driven by pwm pulse, so that the switching frequency of single-phase MMC changes with the variation of load current, and consecutive variations and keep equal switching frequency constant near its fixed switching frequency, equal switching frequency is equal with fixed switching frequency, wherein, when load current is zero, switching frequency is maximum, when load current maximum, switching frequency is minimum.The present invention is directed to the high-power applications occasion of MMC, is optimized for target with switching loss, controls inverter system switching frequency, under the premise of keeping average frequency of switching constant, reduces system switching loss；And the PWM algorithm relative to fixed switching frequency, current harmonics spectrum distribution is more wide in range, and system conductive EMI can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to power electronics fields, and it is inverse to be suitable for the more level of single-phase moduleization more particularly, to one kind
The change switching frequency pulse width for becoming device (modular multilevel converter, MMC) modulates (Pulse Width
Modulation, PWM) control method.
Background technique
Modular multilevel inverter MMC has shown many excellent performances compared with traditional multi-electrical level inverter,
Using modular construction, it is easy to expand, high reliablity, output waveform is high-quality, is suitable for high-power application.Mesh
Before, modular multilevel inverter obtains Preliminary Applications in flexible direct-current transmission field, while in heavy-duty motor frequency conversion
There is good prospect in the high-tension electricities electronic application such as device.
Modular multilevel modulation technique main target is to form more level ladders in exchange side output voltage
It is more nearly sinusoidal quantity, is broadly divided into fundamental frequency class modulation technique and high frequency class modulation technique at present.Fundamental frequency class modulation technique master
Will be using: the modulation techniques such as phase shift square wave, selective harmonic are eliminated, nearest level approaches is representatives；High frequency class modulation technique is main
Using: phase-shifted pulse width modulation, carrier wave stacking, space vector modulation is representatives.Inverter switching device loss and electromagnetic interference
(Electromagnetic Interference, EMI) is the important secondary target of modulation technique.
But existing MMC switching frequency is fixed, so that current harmonics is distributed in narrow frequency spectrum, leads to the peak system EMI
It is worth relatively high, the EMI peak value of especially low-frequency range is higher.In addition to this, due to switching loss and switch motion number and switch
Load current when movement is related, and existing MMC switching frequency is fixed, and does not consider the factor of load current, and switch is caused to damage
It consumes larger.The switching loss and electromagnetic interference of modular multilevel inverter can be optimized by the control of switching frequency.
Summary of the invention
In view of the drawbacks of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to solve existing MMC switching frequency to fix, so that electric current is humorous
Wave is distributed in narrow frequency spectrum, causes the EMI peak value of system relatively high, and MMC switching frequency is fixed, and does not consider load current
Factor, lead to the technical problem that switching loss is larger.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of change switching frequency PWM control method suitable for single-phase MMC, packet
It includes:
By regulating and controlling the carrier frequency of single-phase MMC, the switch periods of the pwm pulse of generation are compared in regulation based on carrier signal
Duration controls the switching frequency of the single-phase MMC driven by the pwm pulse, so that the switching frequency of single-phase MMC is with load electricity
The variation of stream and change, when load current is zero, switching frequency is maximum, and when load current maximum, switching frequency is minimum, institute
Carrier wave is stated for controlling the switching frequency of single-phase MMC, the switching frequency of the single-phase MMC preset switches frequency maximum value and
Consecutive variations and keep equal switching frequency constant between minimum value, equal switching frequency is equal with the fixed switching frequency of single-phase MMC.
Optionally, the PWM control method further include:
By the maximum value and minimum value of control switch frequency, the jitter range of regulating switch frequency, switching frequency is trembled
Dynamic range is bigger, and the frequency band distribution of load current harmonic wave is wider, and the electromagnetic interference EMI noise peak value of single-phase MMC is smaller.
Optionally, the carrier frequency that single-phase MMC is regulated and controled by PWM modulation mode, specifically includes:
When the carrier wave is sawtooth wave, changes the slope or peak value of sawtooth wave, generate required pwm pulse, with regulation
The carrier frequency, the pwm pulse are relatively obtained by carrier wave and corresponding reference wave.
Optionally, when the carrier wave is sawtooth wave, change the peak value of sawtooth wave, generate required pwm pulse, it is specific to wrap
It includes:
If Fx,j,iIndicate the failing edge fiducial value of i-th of submodule pwm pulse of x phase j bridge arm, Rx,j,iIndicate x phase j bridge arm
The rising edge fiducial value of i-th of submodule pwm pulse, d indicate the duty ratio of sawtooth wave, and shift indicates pwm pulse midpoint
Phase shift angle, range indicates from 0 degree to 360 degree, PRD table shows the peak value of sawtooth wave, then from 0 to 1:
Work as Fx,j,iWhen≤PRD,
Work as Fx,j,iWhen > PRD,
Work as Rx,j,iWhen≤PRD,
Work as Rx,j,iWhen > PRD,
The rising edge and failing edge of pwm pulse are controlled by the rising edge fiducial value and failing edge fiducial value of sawtooth wave, with
Realize the position control to pwm pulse signal.
Optionally, if Fx,j,i>Rx,j,i, when sawtooth wave is zero, pwm pulse output is low level；If Fx,j,i<Rx,j,i, sawtooth
When wave is zero, pwm pulse output is high level.
In general, through the invention it is contemplated above technical scheme is compared with the prior art, have below beneficial to effect
Fruit:
(1) change switching frequency PWM control method provided by the invention is compared to traditional fixed switching frequency PWM controlling party
Method, so that MMC switching frequency changes near fixed switching frequency according to certain rule, it is contemplated that the variation of load current,
The switching loss of modular multilevel inverter can be effectively reduced.
(2) it is provided by the invention become switching frequency PWM control method can switching frequency to pwm pulse and position carry out it is real
When control, have practical meaning in engineering.
(3) change switching frequency PWM control method provided by the invention, so that the switching frequency real-time change of MMC, accordingly
Current harmonics possesses wider range of frequency spectrum so that change switching frequency PWM control method can significantly reduce it is corresponding solid
Constant switching frequency PWM electromagnetic interference noise peak value improves MMC performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of the multi-electrical level inverter of single-phase module provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is change switching frequency PWM control schematic block diagram provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is that change switching frequency pwm pulse control provided by the invention realizes that schematic diagram, Fig. 3 (a) are that one kind passes through change
The schematic diagram of the slope regulation pwm pulse signal cycle length of sawtooth wave, Fig. 3 (b) is another by changing the oblique of sawtooth wave
Rate regulates and controls the schematic diagram of pwm pulse signal cycle length, and Fig. 3 (c) is a kind of peak value regulation pwm pulse by changing sawtooth wave
The schematic diagram of signal period length, Fig. 3 (d) are that another peak value regulation pwm pulse signal period by changing sawtooth wave is long
The schematic diagram of degree；
Fig. 4 is provided by the invention under busbar voltage 4000V, load current 145A, the operating condition that bridge arm submodule number is 4
Load current and switching frequency schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the corresponding EMI of change switching frequency provided by the invention EMI comparison signal corresponding with fixed switching frequency
Figure.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
Not constituting a conflict with each other can be combined with each other.
It is directed to the Improvement requirement of the prior art, the present invention provides one kind to be suitable for single-phase module multi-electrical level inverter
Change switching frequency PWM control method, target is optimized for switching loss first, devises switching frequency control function, this hair
It is bright triangular wave real-time control to be carried out to switching frequency；Secondly, considering each submodule arteries and veins of modular multilevel inverter
The actual demand of detrusion phase, the invention proposes realize switching frequency and the adjustable PWM control method of pulse position simultaneously.
To achieve the above object, the invention proposes a kind of changes suitable for single-phase module multi-electrical level inverter to switch frequency
Rate PWM control method, the control method include:
(1) switching frequency control function is set:
(1-1) for convenience of the continuous real-time change of switching frequency, the present invention can be using the switching frequency control of triangular waveform
Function processed, actual switch frequency consecutive variations near fixed switching frequency PWM, and average frequency of switching remains unchanged.
(1-2) is optimization inverter switching device loss, and switching frequency variation is twice of fundamental frequency, when load current is zero,
Real-Time Switch frequency is maximum；When load current is peak value, Real-Time Switch frequency is minimum.
In load current maximum, switching frequency is minimum, and when load current is zero, switching frequency is maximum, can be reduced
Inverter switching device loss.
(2) control of PWM switching frequency and pulse position is realized:
The generation of (2-1) single pwm pulse can be in such a way that sawtooth wave compares, to the rising edge of pwm pulse signal
It is individually controlled with failing edge.
The realization of (2-2) pwm pulse position carries out logic control, the reality of switching frequency to rising edge and failing edge position
It now can be by controlling sawtooth wave slope or sawtooth crest value.
In a specific example, the single-phase module multi-electrical level inverter that the embodiment of the present invention is 4 with bridge arm number is
Example, as shown in Figure 1, single submodule is half-bridge topology.By taking typical phase-shifting carrier wave PWM as an example, each submodule PWM inside bridge arm
Signal phase differs 90 degree, and upper bridge arm and lower bridge arm pwm signal phase phase difference are 0 degree, is able to achieve the output of five level.
In view of switching frequency can facilitate control, and in a certain range consecutive variations, be evenly distributed, the present invention can
To be controlled using triangle pattern switching frequency.Triangle pattern shares 3 freedom degrees and can control: frequency, phase,
Jitter range.In view of single-phase module multi-level high-voltage high-power applications occasion, care is compared in inverter switching device loss
Problem.To reduce inverter switching device loss, the present invention is using load current as references object, to the frequency of switch voltage control functions
It is controlled with phase, total principle are as follows: (1) when load current is zero, Real-Time Switch frequency is maximum；(2) load current is peak
When value, Real-Time Switch frequency is minimum.
As shown in Fig. 2, the frequency of switching frequency control function is twice of load current frequency, phase is differed with load current
90 degree.Jitter range is defined as (1) formula, and theoretically, jitter range is bigger, better to EMI improvement.In an example,
Conventional fixed switching frequency PWM switching frequency is 2kHz, is become under switching frequency PWM control strategy, average frequency of switching is
2kHz, jitter range 20%.
Wherein, B indicates the jitter range of switching frequency, fmaxIndicate the maximum value of switching frequency, fminIndicate switching frequency
Minimum value, favgIndicate average frequency of switching.
In view of each submodule pwm signal phase difference of modular multilevel inverter, it is while realizes pwm signal pulse
The control of position and switching frequency, the present invention can generate required pwm signal in such a way that sawtooth wave compares.Switch frequency
The control of rate can be by changing sawtooth wave slope (such as Fig. 3 (a) and (b)), as shown in Fig. 3 (a) and (b), it can be seen that adjust
After sawtooth wave slope, the period of corresponding pwm pulse is changed, then the switching frequency of the MMC of pwm pulse driving will
It changes.The control of switching frequency can also be by changing sawtooth crest value (such as Fig. 3 (c) and (d)), such as Fig. 3 (c) and (d)
It is shown, it can be seen that after adjusting sawtooth crest value, the period of corresponding pwm pulse is changed, then the pwm pulse drives
The switching frequency of MMC will change.Wherein, subgraph above in Fig. 3 (a)-Fig. 3 (d) indicates the change of sawtooth wave (carrier wave)
Change waveform, subgraph below indicates that corresponding pwm pulse changes waveform.Wherein, for current technology, by changing sawtooth wave
Slope regulation pwm pulse signal can be realized in software emulation controller, and regulate and control pwm pulse letter by changing sawtooth crest value
It number can be realized in digitial controller.
The present invention is further described to the control of pwm pulse below in conjunction with realizing in digitial controller.As shown in figure 3,
Fx,j,iIndicate the failing edge fiducial value of i submodule pwm signal of x phase j bridge arm, Rx,j,iIndicate i submodule of x phase j bridge arm
The rising edge fiducial value of pwm signal, calculation method such as formula (2) and formula (3):
In above formula, d is duty ratio, and shift is that (range is indicated from 0 to 1 from 0 for the phase shift angle of pwm pulse midpoint
Spend to 360 degree), PRD is sawtooth crest value.Pwm pulse is controlled by the rising edge fiducial value and failing edge fiducial value of sawtooth wave
Rising edge and failing edge, to realize to the position control of pwm pulse signal.
In addition, in a kind of example, if Fx,j,i>Rx,j,i, when sawtooth wave is zero, pwm signal output is low level；If
Fx,j,i<Rx,j,i, when sawtooth wave is zero, pwm signal output is high level.
It is understood that the period of cut-offfing of corresponding MMC switch becomes if the period of pwm pulse is changed
Change, i.e. the switching frequency of MMC changes.
As shown in figure 4, be according to the present invention realize become switching frequency PWM control under, inverter output load current and
Switching frequency schematic diagram.Switching frequency changes in 1.6kHz between 2.4kHz, and average frequency of switching is maintained as 2KHz.Reference
Shown in Fig. 4, it is known that the present invention realizes load current when being zero, and switching frequency is maximum, and when electric current is peak value, switching frequency is most
It is small, and average frequency of switching remains unchanged, i.e., the present invention realizes single-phase MMC change switching frequency PWM control.
It is understood that Real-Time Switch frequency is maximum when meeting load current is zero；When load current is peak value,
Under the premise of Real-Time Switch frequency is the smallest, given in Fig. 2 or Fig. 4 switching frequency with the control variation pattern of triangular wave patterns into
Row is schematically illustrate.
As shown in figure 5, being the change switching frequency PWM (VSFPWM) and fixed switching frequency PWM realized according to the present invention
(CSFPWM) comparison of Conducted Electromagnetic Interference (EMI).Due to becoming switching frequency PWM current harmonics with wider range of frequency point
Cloth, and fixed switching frequency PWM current harmonics can only be distributed near fixed switching frequency, then becoming switching frequency PWM can be effective
Cut low EMI noise peak value in ground.
Table 1
As shown in table 1, it has counted in a current first harmonics period, inverter opens turn-off number of times, and when opening shutdown
Transient current absolute value accumulated value (Esw).Compared with fixed switching frequency PWM, becomes switching frequency PWM and open turn-off number of times
Equally, but switching loss reduces by 5.02%, and the accumulated value of switching loss calculating current absolute value is estimated.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of change switching frequency PWM control method suitable for single-phase MMC characterized by comprising
By regulating and controlling the carrier frequency of single-phase MMC, when regulating and controlling the switch periods for the pwm pulse for comparing generation based on carrier signal
It is long, the switching frequency of the single-phase MMC driven by the pwm pulse is controlled, so that the switching frequency of single-phase MMC is with load current
Variation and change, when load current is zero, switching frequency is maximum, and when load current maximum, switching frequency is minimum, described
Carrier wave is used to control the switching frequency of single-phase MMC, the maximum value and most of the switching frequency of the single-phase MMC in preset switches frequency
Consecutive variations and keep equal switching frequency constant between small value, equal switching frequency is equal with the fixed switching frequency of single-phase MMC.
2. change switching frequency PWM control method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include:
Pass through the maximum value and minimum value of control switch frequency, the jitter range of regulating switch frequency, the shake model of switching frequency
Enclose bigger, the frequency band distribution of load current harmonic wave is wider, and the electromagnetic interference EMI noise peak value of single-phase MMC is smaller.
3. change switching frequency PWM control method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that described to pass through PWM modulation
Mode regulates and controls the carrier frequency of single-phase MMC, specifically includes:
When the carrier wave is sawtooth wave, changes the slope or peak value of sawtooth wave, generate required pwm pulse, described in regulation
Carrier frequency, the pwm pulse are relatively obtained by carrier wave and corresponding reference wave.
4. change switching frequency PWM control method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that when the carrier wave is sawtooth wave
When, change the peak value of sawtooth wave, generate required pwm pulse, specifically include:
If Fx,j,iIndicate the failing edge fiducial value of i-th of submodule pwm pulse of x phase j bridge arm, Rx,j,iIt indicates i-th of bridge arm of x phase j
The rising edge fiducial value of submodule pwm pulse, d indicate the duty ratio of sawtooth wave, and shift indicates the shifting of pwm pulse midpoint
Phase angle, range are indicated from 0 degree to 360 degree, PRD table shows the peak value of sawtooth wave, then from 0 to 1:
Work as Fx,j,iWhen≤PRD,
Work as Fx,j,iWhen > PRD,
Work as Rx,j,iWhen≤PRD,
Work as Rx,j,iWhen > PRD,
The rising edge and failing edge of pwm pulse are controlled, by the rising edge fiducial value and failing edge fiducial value of sawtooth wave to realize
To the position control of pwm pulse signal.
5. change switching frequency PWM control method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that if Fx,j,i>Rx,j,i, sawtooth wave
When being zero, pwm pulse output is low level；If Fx,j,i<Rx,j,i, when sawtooth wave is zero, pwm pulse output is high level.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN110176866A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-08-27 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of 2N inverter parallel system and its control method |
| CN110763914A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-02-07 | 西安科技大学 | PWM harmonic effective value calculation method |
| CN111082645A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-04-28 | 杭州禾迈电力电子技术有限公司 | Variable-frequency PWM control switch parameter updating method, PWM control method and control device |
| CN112532041A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-03-19 | 华中科技大学 | Carrier phase-shifting MMC common-mode EMI suppression method based on spatial spread spectrum |
| CN113014084A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-22 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Control method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN113395006A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-09-14 | 东南大学 | Modular multilevel converter loss optimization control method under voltage unbalance |
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| CN113395006A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-09-14 | 东南大学 | Modular multilevel converter loss optimization control method under voltage unbalance |
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