CN1092749C - Cast housing for the exhaust gas connection piece of a turbo machine, in particular a steam turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a component (6, 7, 29) for the exhaust gas connection piece (2) of a turbo machine (1), in particular a steam turbine (1), and a bearing (3) for the turbo machine (1), which bearing is disposed in the exhaust gas connection piece (2). The component (6, 7) is integrally cast and has a connection piece part (8, 9) and/or a bearing part (10, 11) for accommodating the bearing (3). The component also has a carrier arm arrangement (12, 21) with at least one carrier arm (12, 21). There is further provided piping (13, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24) which passes through a connection piece part (8, 9), a carrier arm (12, 21) and a bearing part (10, 11) and is cast in the component (6, 7, 29). The invention further concerns an assembly comprising at least two such components (6, 7, 29) which form an exhaust gas connection piece (2) and a frame for the bearing (3) of the turbo machine (1).

Description

The outlet pipe member of steam turbine

The present invention relates to a kind of member that is used for the steam turbine outlet pipe and is located at the steam turbine bearing in the outlet pipe.

The invention particularly relates to a kind of outlet pipe that is used to connect steam turbine, steam turbine will be decompressed to by means of condenser as the steam of flowing medium and condense.The invention particularly relates to a kind of steam that will flow out steam turbine outlet pipe of directed toward condenser point-blank basically.The device that comprises steam turbine, outlet pipe and condenser is done so design, and is main in order to make the steam turbine that mechanical output reaches 300MW approximately, as adopting in the combined power generation factory.Combined power generation factory refers to a kind of like this power station, that is, mechanical output was both also produced by steam turbine by gas turbine, and the exhaust of gas turbine is used to steam turbine to prepare steam in this case.In a kind of scope of form of implementation, interested especially in the market is to make the exhaust of gas turbine become the unique thermal source for preparing steam.

The outlet pipe of the above-mentioned type is preferably designed as welded structure by popular practical work experience, that is to say that the sheet metal by suitable shaping is welded into together.The support of the bearing of the steam turbine that may need in outlet pipe inside is connected with real outlet pipe by the adapter that is solded into.Be used for required intake pipeline of bearing working and export pipeline, especially the output pipeline of the input pipeline of lubricant oil, pressure oil, sealed steam and air and oil, oil smoke mist and water vapour, comprise the cable that is used to monitor and perhaps control the Electrical and Electronic member of bearing that may need, must in dividing other pipeline, pass outlet pipe and lead to bearing from the outlet pipe outside.Need complicated structure for this reason,, leak into the steam of wanting condensation from bearing to prevent oil or air because between outlet pipe inner chamber that the steam of wanting condensation must flow through and bearing, require to seal fully.Because the thermodynamic process that oil or air meeting heavy damage are carried out in steam turbine.The structure of the complexity that causes because of this consideration has another shortcoming so far, and whether the device of this shortcoming and pillar, adapter and pipeline presses supporting structure type or always radially orientated irrelevant in outlet pipe.In any case these interior fittings all hinder flowing of steam on sizable degree, and cause steam turbine outlet back-pressure to increase, the output power of steam turbine is decided by this back-pressure in addition.This just means its power and efficient thereof is caused injurious effects.

By CH570549A5, CH685448A5 and US-patent 2414814 as can be known outlet pipe by welding and/or screw is connected or alternate manner is the form that is fitted together by each several part.

Other shortcoming of outlet pipe design so far all comes from the required high expense of this outlet pipe of processing.

Therefore, based on above consideration, the purpose that the present invention will reach is, a kind of steam turbine outlet pipe and a kind of member that is located at the bearing of the steam turbine in the outlet pipe of being used for is provided, it can be made with alap expense, according to the cheap material of its needs of possibility, and, in that it can utilize operational space aspect the necessary input and output pipeline of supply bearing as well as possiblely, so that influence flowing of flowing medium as few as possible.

This purpose that proposes in order to reach, stipulated a kind of outlet pipe and a kind of member that is located at the bearing of the steam turbine in this outlet pipe that is used for steam turbine, its cast inblock also has one to take over part and/or one and be used for bearings mounted bearing part and a leg unit that comprises a pillar is at least arranged, the latter is supporting bearing part or is taking over part and round a pipeline, pipeline passes takes over part and bearing part and a pillar.

Therefore make unique one by member of the present invention, it contains the part that is the bearing part of part of outlet pipe and/or bearing bracket, and containing a pillar at least, it can be towards taking over part or whole outlet pipe part block bearing part (with the whole bearing of later supporting).In pillar, be cast into a pipeline, it pass pillar and thereby be applicable to input or discharge conduit as fluid, this fluid must be imported bearing or discharge from bearing when bearing working.Can there be a plurality of pipelines to pass a unique pillar as requested fully.

Leg unit in member preferably has two pillars at least, do like this improved member and by means of the stability of the outlet pipe that this member constituted.

The scheme of piping design in a pillar there is multiple possibility.This pipeline especially can be the single pipeline that is made of a unique pipe, and it is cast in the pillar.This single pipeline is preferably used in carries the fluid that a temperature is arranged, and this temperature is unanimous on the whole with the temperature of the flowing medium that flows around pillar, thus needn't consider since the temperature difference too conference cause serious stress.

If single pipeline is not enough, also can establish one by the heat-insulating pipeline that is cast in the outer tube in the pillar and the outer tube that is laid in and forms with respect to pipe in heat insulation one of this outer tube.A kind of so heat insulation pipeline is specially adapted to carry a kind of fluid, and the temperature of the flowing medium temperature of this fluid and member and that flow around this member has very big difference.

A kind of important use in this respect is, utilizes a heat insulation pipeline that sealed steam is transported to axle envelope place before the bearing in the steam turbine outlet pipe.In the pipeline that sealed steam input is attached troops to a unit, pipeline links to each other with axle envelope in the outlet pipe.Can also pass pillar by a heat-insulating pipeline by same mode and guide so-called seal steam sucking-off, and link to each other with the pipe connection device at axle envelope place.The temperature of sealed steam or seal steam is higher usually, in order to avoid produce condensing of not expecting.Owing to this reason, be used to carry the pipeline of sealed steam or seal steam preferably heat insulation.For realizing that this point is preferably by means of heat-insulating pipeline.Sealed steam or seal steam flow by interior pipe, and the space between interior pipe and the outer tube can be evacuated or adopt other heat insulation measures.If steam turbine couples together outlet pipe and condenser, then in the normal operation period outlet pipe, be in a very low pressure state; Therefore as long as interior pipe is linked to each other with the inner chamber of outlet pipe with space between the outer tube, just be enough to satisfy heat insulation requirement.For guaranteeing interior pipe in heat-insulating pipeline and the space between the outer tube, be provided with a plurality of distance keepers.Distance keeper can be independent member, for example is cover aster on inner pipe before interior pipe inserts outer tube; It is contemplated that also interior control has external fin and/or outer tube to be shaped on internal-rib, they keep outer tube and interior pipe spacing each other.Can adopt ceramic distance keeper equally; In case of necessity also can a kind of thermal-protective material of filling in the space.

In addition, member preferably has one to take over a part and a housing parts that is used for the steam turbine shell that is connected with the adapter part.Therefore can simplify the structure and the manufacturing of steam turbine and its outlet pipe greatly.

This member also can have a bearing part that is used for the steam turbine bearing in case of necessity except illustrated adapter part.So the design of bearing also is included in and describes among the notion of the present invention, bring additional advantage thus.

Material for the member of every kind of design preferably adopts cast iron materials, and wherein particularly suitable is so-called " spheroidal graphite cast iron ".Spheroidal graphite cast iron is a kind of cast iron materials, and the characteristics of this material are to be substantially spherical indigenous graphite in solid-state the existence in a kind of metal carrier body down.Therefore this material is different from common cast iron, and the latter has the graphite of sheet to separate out.Spheroidal graphite cast iron is a kind of well-known material, and its feature is that existing advantages of good casting has good cutting ability again.The member of spheroidal graphite cast iron manufacturing can hang down expense ground cutting, so that reach predetermined dimensional accuracy on the surface of contact that must be connected with other parts, can not guarantee this dimensional accuracy in the scope of traditional casting method.

The most handy steel of pipeline is made, and this is especially very important when selecting spheroidal graphite cast iron as the material of all the other members.Here, term " steel " is by its most general meaning understanding; Therefore steel is a kind of material of iron, and to compare carbon content much lower with cast iron materials for it, and what link therewith is that ductility is much higher, and has the much higher feature of fusing point.Usually steel approximately will be a just fusing under about high 200 ℃ temperature than cast iron materials.This means that when steel pipe is cast in the member, that is enclose when casting when steel pipe is contained in the mould that is given for the cast member and by the liquid cast material, it can not be melted.Owing to pipe is subjected to the possibility that real high temperature action has its dimensionally stable of infringement after all, can take such measure to tackle, i.e. filling sand or other filler that is suitable for, the filler that can melt especially later in pipe for this reason.Do not bring problem because of following situation here, that is, whether employed cast iron materials and employed steel contain the alloying element of some interpolation; To see that the concrete purposes of cast iron materials and steel can decide by relevant expert's judgement on the one hand at this.

In addition, taking over part preferably has a flat side, and this takes over partly and partly makes up with the adapter of another member on this side, is used to make an outlet pipe, this flat side is positioned at a plane in this case, and the spin axis of this steam turbine is contained on this plane.Therefore, member specifically becomes one and half shells of outlet pipe, and outlet pipe can correspondingly constitute at the relevant flat overlapped member in place, side with two.

The invention still further relates to a component groups that has two members at least, two members all satisfy above-mentioned requirements, and they each all has one to take over part, and wherein these are taken over and partly constitute an outlet pipe.

Therefore, by the invention provides a component groups, it has two members that are used for the steam turbine outlet pipe and are located at the steam turbine bearing in the outlet pipe at least, each member cast solid and have and take over part and a leg unit and a pipeline separately wherein, the latter passes and takes over part and a pillar, and, take over part and constitute a outlet pipe round the sealing of steam turbine spin axis.

All schemes all have the advantage that can obtain by single member, and the explanation of the design that all relevant single members are favourable is equally applicable to the component groups that has two members at least by of the present invention on meaning.

Component groups preferably includes a lower member and a upper component that vertically is located at the lower member top, the pillar that the former has two vertical axis with respect to a vertical orientation to be symmetrical arranged mutually and tilts with respect to vertical line, and the latter has the pillar of a Vertical location.In addition, lower member can have the 3rd vertically extending pillar.A kind of like this device that three or four pillars are arranged, guarantee along the steam turbine spin axis laterally or Vertical direction block bearing especially well.

The 3rd pillar assisted block bearing, and the pipeline that is specially adapted to be cast into, and it can be single pipeline and can make lubricant oil pass through it from bearing discharge or input.Here use a kind of sliding bearing usually in conjunction with fluid machinery, when sliding bearing is worked, need import a large amount of lubricant oil.Oil flows out from bearing along the axle that is supported, and must be smoothly and do not form discharge with stopping; Otherwise have the danger that the bearing housing internal pressure is raise and destroy proper functioning.If by vertical pipeline with make full use of gravity and implement oil extraction, then help oil successfully to discharge.

Lower member has bottom to take over part and lower bearing part and upper component a top adapter part is arranged, and be provided with a middle part member that contains upper bearing part, do outstanding advantage like this, the lower bearing part partly is connected with upper bearing in this case, and the middle part member is in a separation in the pillar at one and is connected with upper component.

Because in the scope of this form of implementation of the present invention, the support of bearing only constitutes by bottom and middle part member, so upper component can be removed from component groups, also is about to outlet pipe and opens, and need not open bearing bracket in this case.Therefore bearing is easy to approachingly, need not decompose bearing for this reason, and can check and check working condition easily.

Have at least the component groups of two members particularly advantageously to constitute the outlet pipe of a steam turbine by the present invention, as top repeatedly explanation.The characteristics of this outlet pipe are to have utilized fully especially the space of the use that provides, and it is without any need for independent accessory, is used for the work material to the bearing supply necessity in outlet pipe.

Represented embodiments of the invention in the accompanying drawing, in the accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is the longitudinal section that comprises the steam turbine of relevant outlet pipe;

Fig. 2 is the outlet pipe longitudinal section that includes only the part steam turbine casing;

Fig. 3 is to the cross section of visible pillar among Fig. 2 along III-III line among Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is the cross section of outlet pipe shown in Figure 2;

Fig. 5 is to the cross section of an oblique strut along V-V line among Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a kind of cross section of the outlet pipe of slightly revising with three members;

Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 are for pressing the outlet pipe middle part member view of Fig. 6.

Because what Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 or Fig. 6 to Fig. 8 represented is different section of embodiment or partial view, so represent with consistent reference character in the drawings.Owing to this reason, always relate to all relevant figure in the following description jointly; Especially by each figure those features that can be clear that by means of this figure are described.

Fig. 1 represents fluid machinery 1 that is steam turbine, and it has the outlet pipe 2 under in the of, and the post-decompression steam that expands in steam turbine 1 infeeds condenser by outlet pipe 2.Be provided with the bearing 3 of steam turbine 1 rotor 4 in outlet pipe 2, rotor 4 can be around a spin axis 5 rotations and in these spin axis 5 rotations of continuous operating period spaced winding.Outlet pipe 2 has a bottom member 6 and a upper component 7.Each member 6 or 7 has one to take over part 8 or 9, it and the real outlet pipe 2 of adapter 8,9 formations of another member 6,7.In addition, each member 6 or 7 has the support that bearing part 10 under in the of one or 11, two bearing parts 10,11 constitute an actual bearing 3.The bearing known of some speciality circles 3 and belong to the details of the seal arrangement of bearing 3 as seen from Figure 1; So owing to be open-and-shut here they are gone through.Each member 6,7 has a plumb post 12, the adapter part 8 that it will be separately or 9 and bearing part separately 10 or 11 couple together. Member 6,7 is designed to all-in-one-piece, that is casts with spheroidal graphite cast iron respectively.The plumb post 12 of the member 7 on top has a single pipeline 13, and it is made of the single pipe 13 that is cast in pillar.Upper bearing part 11 and pillar 12 are cast by one.Be used for conveying air in the interval 14 between axle envelope 15 and bearing part 10 and 11 at wherein single pipe 13.The plumb post 12 of lower member 6 has two single pipelines 16 and 17.Every single pipeline 16,17 still is made of the individual tubes 16,17 that is cast in the pillar 12.Be formed with a housing parts 18 on each adapter part 8,9, it is round the connection set of a part of steam turbine 1 and formation and steam turbine 1 all the other shells 19.

Fig. 2 represents member 6 and 7, does not have the front portion of steam turbine and other parts of steam turbine.Can know and find out adapter part 8 and 9, plumb post 12 and bearing part 10 and 11.In the present embodiment, take over part 8 or 9 and housing parts 18 and respectively form a unit, on this element from take over part 8,9 to housing parts 18 without any rapid transition zone; This transition is mainly determined by the shell 19 of the steam turbine 1 that will load onto or pack into.In order to illustrate that clearly this longitudinal section as seen from Figure 2 is the section along a vertical plane, be decorated with the vertical axis 20 of determining Vertical direction among Fig. 2 among the figure.

Fig. 3 represents along the cross section of III-III line among Fig. 2 to lower member 6 plumb posts 12.Can know and find out the pipe 16 and 17 that is cast in the pillar 12, they have different cross-section areas, and specifically are used for the discharge and the input of oil.

The cross section that Fig. 4 passes through by outlet pipe shown in Figure 2 along vertical axis 20.Can know again and find out that having it takes over part 8 or 9, its bearing part 10 or 11 and the lower member 6 and the upper component 7 of its plumb post 12.Respectively be connected with a single pipeline 22 and a heat insulation pipeline 23,24 that always extends in the lower bearing part 10 in the pillar 12 that tilts with respect to vertical axis 20, the latter feeds one and leads in the pipeline 25 of envelope 15.This heat- insulating pipeline 23,24 is used to guide sealed steam and/or seal steam.Lower member 6 has two oblique strut 21 of arranging symmetrically with respect to vertical axis 20. Member 6 and 7 adapter part 8,9 are spliced mutually at 26 places, flat side, and flat side (can clearlyer being found out by Fig. 1) determined the plane (Fig. 1 has represented this point) at steam turbine 1 spin axis 5 places.Therefore take over half shell that part 8 and 9 is outlet pipes 2. Member 6 and 7 preferably is connected to each other by means of screw, so that in order to check that steam turbine 1 grade can take apart each other.

Heat-insulating pipeline 23,24 is designed to one and is cast in outer tube 23 in the oblique strut 21 and heat insulation of being laid in the outer tube 23 and manages 24.For the purpose of view is clear, there is not expression to be used to keep the device of interior pipe 24 and outer tube 23 spacings in the drawings; Its details as seen from Figure 5.All pipes 13,16,17,22,23,24 are by steel.They are cast into, in the relevant mold of for this reason before member 6 or 7 cast, they being packed into, and the cast iron materials encirclement that when cast, is melted.Because the fusing point of steel is usually far above the fusing point of cast iron materials, so pipe 13,16,17,22,23,24 can not melt in this operation.For preventing that they are crooked or other distortion take place that they are filled with a kind of appropriate filler, especially sand before cast.Moulding that all are known and casting method all can be used for cast construction 6,7.The most cheap and thereby best be to adopt the sand casting process method, that is to say mold sand moulding, cast iron materials casts in the mold of formation like this.

Fig. 5 represents the cross section of an oblique strut 21 as seen from Figure 4.Cutting plane is represented with the V-V line in Fig. 4.Each oblique strut 21 has a single pipeline 22 that is cast into and a heat-insulating pipeline that is cast into 23,24.As seen from Figure 5 with the distance keeper 27 of interior pipe 24 with outer tube 23 partition distance.

All heat-insulating pipelines 23,24 all are obviously inclinations, are used for infeeding the fluid of heat or discharging hot fluid from axle envelope 15 to axle envelope 15.These hot fluids for example be the purpose that is used to seal for steam and seal steam toward bearing, the latter spills and may be mingled with the steam of air and/or oil smoke mist and it must be discharged from bearing.The temperature of outlet pipe 2 and member 6 and 7 reaches 50 ℃ at work, especially between 40 ℃ and 60 ℃.The hot steam that flows to bearing 3 or flow out from bearing 3 is then opposite, and it has about 200 ℃ temperature, especially between 150 ℃ and 250 ℃.By this steam is introduced in the interior pipe 24 of heat- insulating pipeline 23,24, the temperature of corresponding pillar 21 is remained near the temperature of outlet pipe 2 other parts, heat about 10 ℃ especially at the most.Prevent to produce mechanical stress thus reliably.

Air is preferably by in the interval 14 between 13 inflow axle envelopes 15 of the pipeline in upper vertical pillar 12 and the bearing 3. Pipeline 13,22,23,24 by suitable quantity is set no longer needs other pipe in outlet pipe 2 inside.So whole pipes 13,22,23,24 that bearing 3 and equipment in steam turbine 1 outside of reality are coupled together are cast into fully and thereby are surrounded by the material of member 6 and 7.Without any open-air connection part such as flange or joint.Thereby got rid of the possibility of sewing oil or oil smoke mist from pipe 13,22,23,24 fully.There is not any problem just in case sew, because can only leak-off steam or seal steam from the tie point of the pipeline 25 of heat-insulating pipeline 23,24 and axle envelope 15 yet.Cavetto design by pillar 12 and 21 can also reduce flow resistance, and this flow resistance is that outlet pipe 2 causes in face of the flowing medium that flows through; Therefore the adverse effect to steam turbine 1 work will not form.

Fig. 6 is similar to Fig. 4 and represents cross section by outlet pipe, compares with outlet pipe shown in Figure 4, and this outlet pipe is characterised in that, it is not by two members but be made up of three members 6,7 and 29.Do not have the lower member 5 that changes and only have top to take over the upper component 7 of part 9 and the corresponding plumb post 12 of part except comparing with Fig. 4, a middle part member 29 occurred, it contains upper bearing part 11 and the most of plumb post 12 between upper bearing part 11 and top adapter part 9.All the time we can say still that in principle upper component 7 comprises a pillar 12; In any case but it has a joint of this pillar 12.The concrete configuration of pillar 12 and upper component 7 and middle part member 29 will be determined according to situation institute requirement at that time.But do in any case, design shown in Figure 6 is always advantageous, that is, will upper bearing part 11 not remove together when dismounting; The bearing 3 of steam turbine 1 can remain unchanged, and just can check and check bearing 3 easily after upper component 7 is removed.The support of bearing 3 also can be assembled easily, need not take over part 9 with 11 while of upper bearing part operation upper part.

Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 represent the longitudinal section that is mutually the right angle by middle part member 29.Upper bearing part 11, the part plumb post 12 and the single pipeline 13 that is cast into and fixing device 30 and 31 (see figure 7)s that exist as seen from the figure, the latter is used for operating this middle part member 29 maybe can be used to the fixed intermediate portion branch.

The present invention relates to a kind of especially member of steam turbine outlet pipe of fluid machinery that is used for, but it comprises the necessary pipeline of possibility with their constituent elements as a whole and cast solid.The manufacturing expense of comparing this member with traditional welding technique is much lower; Can also save the position significantly by the suitable pipeline that will be provided with of arranging.This is very important for the operation of fluid machinery, because the position of vacating can be for the flowing medium use of the fluid machinery of flowing through, so reduced the pressure loss of outlet pipe locality when flowing medium flows through.Directly obtain the advantage of thermomechanics aspect thus.The invention still further relates to the component groups of being made up of a plurality of such members, wherein outlet pipe is made of these members fully.Showed top mentioned various advantages for a kind of like this outlet pipe in special mode.

Claims (13)

1. member (6 that is used for steam turbine (1) outlet pipe (2) and is located at steam turbine (1) bearing (3) in the outlet pipe (2), 7,29), this member cast inblock also has one to take over part (8,9) and/or a bearing part (10 that is used to install bearing (3), 11) and have one to comprise a pillar (12 at least, 21) leg unit (12,21), leg unit is supporting bearing part (10,11) and take over part (8,9) and round pipeline (13,16,17,22,23,24), the latter passes and takes over part (8,9) and bearing part (10,11) and pillar (12,21).

2. according to the described member of claim 1 (6,7,29), wherein, leg unit (12,21) has two pillars (12,21) at least.

3. according to claim 1 or 2 described members (6,7,29), wherein, in a pillar (12) of leg unit (12,21), be cast into a single pipeline (13,16,17) that constitutes by a unique pipe (13,16,17).

4. according to claim 1 or 2 described members (6,7,29), wherein, a pillar (21) of leg unit (12,21) contains one by the heat-insulating pipeline (23,24) that is cast in outer tube (23) in this pillar (21) and the outer tube that is laid in (23) and the interior pipe (24) heat insulation with respect to this outer tube (23) formed.

5. according to claim 1 or 2 described members (6,7,29), this member has a housing parts (18) that is connected with adapter part (8,9), and the latter is connected with the shell (19) of steam turbine (1).

6. according to claim 1 or 2 described members (6,7,29), it is made by cast iron materials.

7. according to claim 1 or 2 described members (6,7,29), wherein, pipeline (13,16,17,22,23,24) is made of a steel.

8. according to claim 1 or 2 described members (6,7,29), wherein, described adapter part (8,9) has a flat side (26), it can make up with the adapter part (8) of another member (6,7) on this side, wherein, a plane has been determined in this flat side (26), and this plane contains the spin axis (5) of this steam turbine (1).

9. component groups, it has at least two according to the described member of claim 1 (6,7,29), these two members are connected to each other and they have an adapter part (8,9) respectively, take over the outlet pipe (2) that part (8,9) has constituted the sealing of a spin axis round steam turbine (1) (5) in this case.

10. according to the described component groups of claim 9, wherein, member (6,7,29) comprises a lower member (6) and a upper component (7) that vertically is located at lower member (6) top, the pillar (21) that the former has two vertical axis with respect to a vertical orientation (20) to be symmetrical arranged mutually and tilts with respect to vertical line, and the latter has the pillar (12) of a Vertical location.

11. according to the described component groups of claim 10, wherein, lower member (6) additionally also has the pillar (12) of a Vertical location.

12. according to claim 10 or 11 described component groups, wherein, lower member (6) has a bottom to take over a part (8) and a lower bearing part (10), and upper component (7) has a top to take over part (9); This component groups comprises a middle part member (29), it has a upper bearing part (11), lower bearing part (10) is connected with upper bearing part (11) in this case, and middle part member (29) is connected with upper component (7) at a separation (28) that is in the pillar (12,21).

13. according to each described component groups in the claim 9 to 11, it constitutes the outlet pipe (2) of a steam turbine (1).

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