CZ290254B6 - Structural component for exhaust gas connection piece of a turbo machine, assembly having at least two such structural components, and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed structural component (6, 7) for an exhaust gas connection piece (2) of a turbo machine (1) and for a bearing (3) of said turbo-machine (1), which bearing is disposed in the exhaust gas connection piece (2), is integrally cast and has a connection piece part (8, 9) and/or a bearing part (10, 11) for accommodating the bearing (3). The component (6, 7) also has at least one carrier arm (12) supporting said bearing part (10, 11), optionally said connection piece part (8, 9), and encompasses a piping (13, 16, 17) which passes through both the connection piece part (8, 9), optionally said bearing part (10, 11), and the carrier arm (12). The invention further concerns an assembly comprising at least two such structural components (6, 7) which form an exhaust gas connection piece (2) and a frame for the bearing (3) of the turbo machine (1).

Description

Technical field

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a component for a flue gas nozzle of a jet engine, in particular a steam turbine, and a jet engine bearing arranged in a flue gas nozzle.

In particular, the invention relates to a flue gas connection for connecting a steam turbine which releases steam creating a flowing environment up to condensation with a condenser. In particular, it relates to a flue gas nozzle that feeds steam emerging from a steam turbine substantially rectilinearly to a condenser. Arrangements with such a steam turbine, flue gas nozzle and condenser which are so arranged are in particular carried out for a steam turbine with a mechanical output of up to about 300 MW, which is generally used in a combined power plant. By combined power plant is meant a power plant in which mechanical power is generated by both a gas turbine and a steam turbine, the flue gas of the gas turbine being used to generate steam for the steam turbine. In an embodiment that is currently of particular interest on the market, the flue gas gas turbine is the only heat source to generate steam.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The flue gas socket of the type mentioned at the outset is advantageously designed according to conventional practice as a welded structure which is welded from correspondingly shaped steel sheets.

The stand for the possibly needed steam turbine bearing inside the flue gas connection is connected to the flue gas connection by means of welded supports. The necessary inlets and outlets for the operation of the bearing, in particular the inlets for lubricating oil, pressure oil, shut-off steam and air, as well as the outlets for oil, turbidity and vapor steam, including any cables required for electrical and electronic components be routed in separate tubular ducts from the space outside the flue gas connection through the flue gas connection to the bearing. This requires costly constructions, since between the inner space of the flue gas throat through which condensed steam must flow, and a complete seal between the bearing is absolutely necessary to prevent the transfer of oil or air from the bearing to the condensed steam. Oil or air would significantly adversely affect the thermodynamic process taking place in a steam turbine. These costly constructions, based on these considerations, have a further disadvantage, irrespective of whether the arrangement of the support arms, supports and ducts is arranged as a truss structure or whether they are introduced into the flue connection in the radial direction. In any case, these built-in structures limit the flow of steam in the formed circuit and contribute to increasing the counter pressure at the outlet of the steam turbine, which among other things determines the power generated by the steam turbine. This means that its performance and degree of effectiveness are adversely affected.

Flue sockets in welded and / or bolted or otherwise united parts assembled form can be seen from H 570 549 A5, CH 685 448 A5 and US Patent 2,414,814.

GB 2 226 086 A relates to a frame structure for a gas turbine, in particular an aircraft engine turbine, with a frame for supporting and positioning the turbine rotor relative to the stator. In this case, the inner stationary body is connected to the outer stationary body. The outer body comprises an annular part cast in one piece.

GB 2 281 592 A relates to a flue gas diffuser for a gas turbine. The flue gas diffuser consists of a support structure and a hot gas guide structure. The supporting structure is formed from inner and outer cylinders which are connected to each other. The outer cylinder is formed

Of a plurality of segments which are connected to one another in a detachable manner. The inner cylinder is connected to the outer cylinder by a plurality of radial or tangential support beams, each segment of the outer cylinder comprising the support beam.

Further disadvantages of the prior art flue gas nozzles are the high costs required for producing such flue gas nozzles.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a component for a flue gas nozzle of a jet engine and a jet machine bearing arranged in a flue gas nozzle which is to be manufactured at the lowest possible cost and which preferably requires the use of inexpensive materials. make use of the space available to minimize the flow of the flowing environment.

This object is achieved by a component for a flue gas nozzle of a jet engine and for a jet machine bearing arranged in a flue gas nozzle according to the invention, which is designed as a single piece and includes a neck portion and / or bearing portion for bearing bearing 20 and a support arm with at least one support arm supporting the bearing portion or the neck portion and surrounding the conduit extending on the one hand through the neck portion or the bearing portion and on the other hand with the support arm.

The component according to the invention is thus manufactured as a single piece comprising a flue gas portion 25 and / or a bearing base portion, i.e. a bearing portion, and at least one support arm which can support the bearing portion and later the entire bearing against the neck portion or against the entire flue gas throat. A conduit is formed in the support arm which passes through the support arm and is thus suitable as a fluid inlet or outlet that must be supplied to or removed from the bearing during operation. Depending on the requirements, multiple conduits may also pass through a single support arm.

Advantageously, the support arm arrangement preferably has two support arms, which improves the stability of the component and the flue gas connection formed by the component.

There are more options for carrying pipes in the support arm. In particular, the pipe may be formed as a single pipe from a single pipe which is embedded in a support arm. Such a simple pipeline is advantageous for conveying a fluid having a temperature roughly equal to the temperature of the flow means flowing around the support arm, so that there is no need to take into account the substantial stresses generated by very different temperatures.

If a single pipe is not sufficient, an insulated pipe may also be provided, which consists of an outer pipe embedded in the support arm and an inner pipe which is embedded in and insulated against the outer pipe. Such an insulated pipe is particularly suitable for transporting a fluid whose temperature differs substantially from the temperature of the component and the flowing environment that flows around it.

An important use in this sense is the use of an insulated blocking steam supply line to seal the shaft in front of the bearing in the flue gas orifice of the steam turbine. The blocking steam is supplied to an associated conduit which forms a connection to the shaft seal in the flue gas connection. In the same way, the so-called extraction of bi-steam is also conducted through an insulated pipeline in the support arm 50 and is connected by a pipe connection to the shaft seal. Generally, the blocking steam or vapor vapor temperature is too high to prevent undesired condensation. For this reason, it is expedient to thermally insulate the piping used to supply blocking steam or vapour vapor. This is preferably done by means of insulated piping. The blocking steam or vapor is passed through the inner tube and the space between the inner tube and the outer tube may be vented or otherwise thermally insulated. When connecting the flue gas connection to a steam turbine

Thus, there is a very low pressure in the condenser during controlled operation. For this reason, it is generally sufficient to connect the gap between the inner pipe and the outer pipe with the inner space of the flue gas connection for the desired insulation. A variety of spacers are available to secure the gap between the inner pipe and the outer pipe in the insulated pipe. The spacers may be separate components, for example, starlets, which slide onto the inner tube before being inserted into the outer tube. It is also possible to provide the inner tube on the outside with ribs or the outer tube on the inside with ribs that keep the outer tube and the inner tube apart. It is possible to use ceramic spacers. Alternatively, it is also possible to fill the gap with insulating material.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the component has a neck part and a housing part connected thereto for connecting the housing of the jet machine. This greatly simplifies the design and assembly of the jet engine and its flue gas nozzle.

The component may also have, optionally in addition to the neck portion, as described, a bearing portion for the bearing of the jet machine. Thus, the bearing arrangement is also tied to the solution of the invention, which results in additional advantages.

For the structural component of each arrangement, ductile cast iron is preferred as a material, with the so-called cast iron mass, which in the solid state is characterized by roughly spheroidal deposition of graphite in a metal matrix. This differs from the usual cast iron, which has a flaked graphite deposition. Ductile iron is a well-known material, which is characterized by good casting possibilities and good machinability by cutting. The ductile cast iron component can be machined at low cost in order to achieve predetermined precise dimensions on contact surfaces on which other components need to be attached, which cannot be secured in the conventional casting process.

The pipe is preferably made of steel, which is particularly important in connection with the choice of ductile cast iron as the material for the other component. The term steel should be interpreted in accordance with the most general meaning. Accordingly, steel is an iron material which, in comparison with the cast iron material, is characterized by a significantly lower carbon content, associated with a distinctly higher ductility and a substantially higher melting point. As a rule, steel melts only at a temperature about 200 ° C higher than the cast iron material. That is, the steel tube does not melt when cast in the component, that is, when it is built into a mold adapted to cast the component and when it is cast with a liquid cast iron material. The possible stability of the shape due to the still high temperature to which the tube is exposed can be counteracted by filling the tube with sand or other suitable filler, in particular a later fusible filler. In this context, the question arises as to whether the cast iron and steel used contain certain additional elements. Moreover, the opinion on the purpose-specific determination of cast-iron material and steel can be determined according to the expert's clear opinion.

In addition, the neck portion preferably has a straight side on which it is connected to the neck portion of another component for producing a flue gas neck, the straight side being arranged in a plane that includes the axis of rotation of the jet machine. In particular, the component is designed as a flue gas half-shell having two components arranged on top of one another on correspondingly straight sides.

The invention also relates to a kit with at least two components that meet said requirements, each having one neck portion, said neck portions forming a flue gas neck.

Accordingly, the kit according to the invention is provided with at least two components for the flue gas nozzle of a jet machine and a jet machine bearing arranged in the flue gas nozzle, each component being cast in one piece and having a neck portion,

A support arm and pipe arrangement extending through the throat portion and the support arm are provided, the throat portions forming a closed flue nozzle about the flow axis of the jet engine.

All embodiments with respect to the advantages that can be achieved with a single component and all the references relating to the preferred configurations of a single component also apply to a kit according to the invention made up of at least two components.

Preferably, the assembly has a lower component with two vertically aligned support arms arranged vertically angled to each other and vertically angled to each other, and an upper component arranged vertically above the lower component with a vertically directed support arm. Furthermore, the lower component may have a third vertically arranged support arm. Such an arrangement with three or four support arms ensures particularly good bearing support laterally and vertically to the axis of rotation of the jet machine.

The third support arm contributes to bearing support and is particularly suitable for potted tubing, which can be designed as a simple tubing and through which lubricating oil can be drained or introduced into the bearing. In connection with a jet engine, a plain bearing is usually used which requires a considerable amount of oil to operate. This oil emerges from the bearing along the mounted shaft and must be drained smoothly and without causing annoyance. Otherwise, there is a risk that pressure will build up in the bearing housing and that operation will be adversely affected. Such continuous discharge of the machine is promoted when it is carried out by means of a vertical pipeline using the force of gravity.

More preferably, the lower component has a lower throat portion and a lower bearing portion and an upper component has an upper throat portion while providing a central component with an upper bearing portion, wherein the lower bearing portion is connected to the upper bearing portion and wherein the central component is in a detachable at the point in the support arm connected to the upper component.

Since, in this embodiment of the invention, the bearing pedestal consists of only the lower central component, the upper component can be removed from the assembly, i.e. the flue connection can be opened without having to open the bearing pedestal. The bearing is thus easily accessible without having to be dismantled for this purpose and a simple functional inspection and revision option is created.

The kit according to the invention with at least two components provides a particularly advantageous flue connection for a steam turbine, as has been stressed several times in the foregoing. Such a flue gas connection is characterized by a particularly good use of the space available and does not require any separate installation in order to be able to supply the necessary fuels with the flue gas socket bearing.

Overview of the drawings

The invention is explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to the drawing.

1 shows a longitudinal section through a steam turbine together with a respective flue gas nozzle. FIG.

FIG. 2 is a schematic and longitudinal sectional view of a flue gas nozzle including a portion of a steam turbine housing. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the support arm shown in Fig. 2, taken along the line III-III in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the flue gas socket of Fig. 3. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the inclined arm in the plane VV.

-4GB 290254 B6

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a somewhat altered flue gas nozzle with three components. Figures 7 and 8 are views of the central component of the flue gas connection of Figure 6.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Since FIGS. 1 to 5, or FIGS. 6 to 8, are various sections or partial views of exemplary embodiments, the corresponding reference numerals are shown in the figures. For this reason, the subsequent embodiments must always be applied together to all the respective figures. Referring in particular to each figure, reference is made to those features which are particularly apparent from the figure.

FIG. 1 shows a jet engine 1, i.e. a steam turbine, with a respective flue gas nozzle 2 through which the steam released in the steam turbine is discharged and fed to a condenser. A bearing 3 for a steam turbine rotor 4 is arranged in the flue gas socket 2 and is rotatable about a pivot axis 5 and rotates about this pivot axis 5 during operation. The flue port 2 has a lower component 6 and an upper component 7. Each component 6 or 7 has a neck portion 8 or 9, which together with the neck portion 8, 9 each forms a different flue port 2, 7. Each component 6 or 7 has a respective bearing portion 10 or 11, both bearing portions 10, 11 forming a base for its own bearing 3. Certain details of the bearing 3 and the sealing arrangement associated with the bearing 3 are known to the person skilled in the art. 1 noticeable. For clarity, they are not discussed in detail here. Each component 6, 7 has a vertical support arm 12 which connects the corresponding neck portion 8 or 9 to the respective bearing part 10 or 11, respectively. The components 6, 7 are made in one piece, i.e. they are cast from ductile cast iron. The vertical support arm 12 of the upper component 7 has a single conduit 13, which consists of a single tube embedded in the support arm

12. The upper bearing part 11 is cast in one piece with the support arm 12. A single pipe therein serves to supply air to the intermediate space 14 between the shaft seal 15 and between the bearing parts 10 and 11. The vertical support arm 12 of the lower component 6 has two single pipes 16 and 17. Each single pipe 16, 17 again consists of individual tubes embedded in the support arm 12. A box portion 18 is formed on each neck portion 8, 9 that surrounds a portion of the steam turbine and provides a connection for the remaining steam turbine housing 19.

FIG. 2 shows the components 6 and 7 without the central part of the steam turbine and its other components. Clearly visible are the neck portions 8 and 9, the vertical support arms 12 and the bearing portions 10 and 11. In this embodiment, one neck portion 8 or 9 and the housing part 18 each form one unit which has no sharp transition from the neck portion 8, 9 to the housing part 18. This transition is essentially determined by the housing 19 mounted on or in the steam turbine. To emphasize that the longitudinal section shown in Fig. 2 is a section in a vertical plane, a vertical axis 20 is defined that defines the direction of the verticals in Fig. 2.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the vertical support arm 12 of the lower structural member 6, as shown by line III-III in FIG. 2. It is clearly possible to recognize embedded pipes 16 and 17 in the support arm 12 having different cross-sectional areas. especially for oil inlet or outlet.

In particular, FIG. 4 shows a cross-section through the flue gas socket 2 according to FIG. 2 taken along the vertical axis 20. Here again, the lower component 6 and the upper component 7 are clearly visible with their throat portions 8 and 9, their bearing portions 10, or 11 and their vertical support arms 12. In the support arms 21, which are inclined relative to the vertical axis 20, a single conduit 22 extending into the lower bearing portion 10 as well as an insulated conduit 23, 24 is provided. Insulated conduits 23, 24 serve for blocking and / or vapor conduction

-5GB 290254 B6 pairs. The lower component has two inclined support arms 21 symmetrically arranged with respect to the vertical axis 20 and the neck portions 8, 9 of the components 6 and 7 are connected to each other on the straight sides 26 which define the plane, as can be seen in particular in FIG. The nozzle portions 8 and 9 thus form the flue gas socket half-shells. Preferably, the components 6 and 7 are connected to each other by means of screws so that they can be released from one another for inspection of the steam turbine, or alike.

The insulated conduit 23.24 is provided with an outer tube embedded in an inclined support arm 21 and an inner tube which is insulated in the outer tube. Means that keep the inner tube apart from the outer tube are not shown for clarity. Details are shown in Fig. 5. The pipes of all pipes 13, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24 consist of steel. They are cast so that they are inserted into the respective casting mold before casting the component 6 or 7 and surrounded by molten cast iron during casting. Since the melting point of the steel is usually markedly higher than that of the cast iron, the pipes of the pipes 13, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24 do not melt in this process. In order to prevent it from being bent or otherwise deformed, it is filled with a suitable filling, for example sand, before casting. All known molding and casting methods are available for casting the components 6, 7. The most economically advantageous and therefore advantageous method is the sand casting method, i.e. the casting mold is sand-shaped and the cast iron is cast into the casting mold thus formed.

Fig. 5 shows a cross-section of the inclined support arm 21 shown in Fig. 4. The section plane is shown in lines V-V in Fig. 4. Each inclined support arm 21 has a cast single pipe 22 and a cast insulated pipe 23, 24. Also shown in FIG. 5 are spacers that provide a distance between the inner tube 24 and the outer tube 23.

All insulated conduits 23, 24 are particularly suitable for supplying hot fluid to the shaft seal 15 or for removing hot fluid from the shaft seal 15. Such hot fluid is, for example, steam that is supplied to the bearing 3 for sealing purposes and vapor vapor, that is steam. which leaks from the bearing 3 and which is possibly contaminated with air and / or oil deposits and which must be drained off. In operation, the flue port 2 and its components 6 and 7 reach temperatures of about 50 ° C, in particular between 40 ° C and 60 ° C. The hot steam that flows to or from the bearing 3, by contrast, has a temperature of about 200 ° C, in particular between 150 ° C and 200 ° C. Since such steam is conducted in the inner tube of the inner conduit 24 of the insulated conduit 23, 24, the temperature of the corresponding support arm 21 remains in the region of the temperature of the other components of the flue gas pipe 2 and is particularly heated by at most 10 ° C. This reliably prevents mechanical stresses.

Advantageously, the air 13 is guided via the duct 13 in the upper vertical support arm 12 to the intermediate space 14 between the shaft seal 15 and the bearing 3. Due to the arrangement of the corresponding number of ducts 13, 22, 23, 24, no additional pipes are required. Then all the pipes 13, 22, 23, 24 which connect the bearing 3 to the devices outside the actual steam turbine, i.e. the jet engine L, are completely embedded and are thus surrounded by the material of the components 6 and 7. flanges or necks. Thus leakage of oil or oil deposits from the pipes 13, 22, 23, 24 is completely eliminated. Possible leakage from the connection points of the insulated pipes 23, 24 with the pipes 25 of the shaft seal 15 poses no problems, since only steam or vapors can escape. Due to the rounded design of the support arms 12 and 21, there is also a slight flow resistance, which creates a flue nozzle 2 against the flowing means of flow. Because of this arrangement, there is no adverse effect on the operation of the steam turbine.

In FIG. 6, similar to FIG. 2, there is shown a cross-section of the flue port 2 which differs from the flue port 2 shown in FIG. 5 in that it does not consist of two but three components 6, 7 and 29. 5 and the upper components 7, which are similar to those of FIG. 5, wherein the upper component 7 only carries the upper neck portion 9

Accessing the central component 29 having the upper bearing portion 11 and the largest portion of the vertical bearing arm 12 between the upper bearing portion 11 and the upper neck portion 9. At the disconnection point 28 at said disconnect point 28, said central component 29 has an upper component portion. The upper component 7 and the central component 29 are superimposed on one another. In principle, the upper component 7 further comprises a support arm 12. In all cases, the support arm 12 has an extension. The details of the assignment of the support arm 12 to the upper component 7 and to the central component 29 are determined according to the requirements of the individual case. In any case, the arrangement according to FIG. 6 has the advantage that it is not necessary to remove the upper bearing part 11 during dismantling as well. The steam turbine bearing 3, i.e. the jet engine 1, can remain unchanged and accessible after easy removal or revision. It is also possible to substantially fold the bearing base 3 without having to handle the upper neck part 9 at the same time as the upper bearing part 11.

Figures 7 and 8 show perpendicular longitudinal sections of the central component 29. The upper bearing part 11 as well as the partially arranged vertical support arm 12 with the single-pipe 13 are embedded. Further, in particular in Figure 7 , brackets 30 and 31 are visible which can be used to handle the central component 29 or to mount it.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a component for a flue gas nozzle of a jet machine, in particular a steam turbine, which has all the necessary piping as integral parts and which can be cast in one piece. The manufacturing cost for such a component is considerably lower compared to conventional welding technology. Space requirements can also be reduced to a considerable extent by the corresponding arrangement of the treated pipes. This is important for the operation of the jet machine, since the free space is available for the jet environment flowing from the jet machine, thereby substantially reducing the pressure losses occurring above the flue nozzle during flow. This also implies an immediate thermodynamic advantage. The invention also relates to a kit of a plurality of such components, wherein the flue gas nozzle is entirely formed from these components. For such a flue gas connection, the aforesaid are formed in a special way

Claims (13)

PATENT CLAIMS A component (6, 7, 29) for a flue gas nozzle (2) of a jet engine (1) and a bearing (3) of a jet engine (1) arranged in a flue gas nozzle (2), characterized in that it is formed as one and comprises, on the one hand, a neck portion (8, 9) and / or a bearing portion (10, 11) for receiving the bearing (3) and, secondly, a set of support arms (12, 21) with at least one support arm (12, 21) a bearing portion (10, 11) or a neck portion (8, 9), and surrounds a conduit (13, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24) passing through a neck portion (8, 9) or a bearing portion (10, 11) and, on the other hand, the support arm (12,21). Component (6, 7, 29) according to claim 1, characterized in that the support arm assembly (12, 21) comprises at least two support arms (12, 21). Component (6, 7, 29) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the support arm assembly (12, 21) comprises one support arm (12, 21) into which a single pipe (13, 16) is embedded. 17) from a single pipe. Component (6, 7, 29) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support arm assembly (12, 21) comprises one support arm (12, 21), 290254 B6 with an insulated conduit (23, 24) consisting of an outer conduit (23) embedded in a support arm (12, 21) and an inner conduit (24) insulated from the outer conduit (23). Component (6, 7, 29) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the neck part (8, 9) is connected to a housing part (18) for connection to the housing (19) of the jet machine (1). Component (6, 7, 29) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is made of cast iron, in particular of ductile iron. Component (6, 7, 29) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pipe (13, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24) is made of steel. Component (6, 7, 29) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the neck portion (8, 9) has a flat side (26) for connection to the neck portion (9, 8), another The flat side (26) lies in a plane in which the axis of rotation (5) of the jet machine (1) lies. A kit with at least two components (6, 7, 29) according to claim 1, characterized in that the components (6, 7, 29) are connected to each other, and each of them comprises one neck portion (8, 9) wherein the neck portions (8, 9) form a flue gas neck (2) closed around the axis of rotation (5) of the jet machine (1). Kit according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises a lower component (6) with two vertically inclined support arms (21) arranged symmetrically to each other relative to the vertical axis (20) and an upper component (7) with a vertically arranged support arm (12) arranged vertically above the lower component (6). Kit according to claim 10, characterized in that the lower component (6) is optionally provided with a vertically arranged support arm (12). Kit according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the lower component (6) comprises a lower neck part (8) and a lower bearing part (10) and the upper component (7) comprises a upper neck part (9), the kit comprises a central component (29) with an upper bearing portion (11), the lower bearing portion (10) being connected to the upper bearing portion (11), and wherein the central component (29) is a connection point (28) in the support the arm (12, 21) connected to the upper component (7). Use of a kit according to one of Claims 9 to 12, for producing a flue gas nozzle (2) for a steam turbine.