CN109269907B - Rock mass internal excavation unloading simulation experiment device and application method thereof - Google Patents
Rock mass internal excavation unloading simulation experiment device and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109269907B CN109269907B CN201811331853.8A CN201811331853A CN109269907B CN 109269907 B CN109269907 B CN 109269907B CN 201811331853 A CN201811331853 A CN 201811331853A CN 109269907 B CN109269907 B CN 109269907B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
Abstract
The invention discloses a rock mass internal excavation unloading simulation experiment device and an application method thereof. The bottom surface of the surrounding rock model is arranged on the bottom base plate, and the peripheries and the tops of the four side walls are respectively provided with a loading base plate for applying lateral and vertical loads to the surrounding rock model; the module of waiting to excavate is the anomalous body that can become the thick liquid for the hot melt, waits to excavate the module and is connected with heating device and thick liquid extraction device, and thick liquid extraction device accomplishes the three-dimensional excavation off-load to the country rock model with thick liquid outside the country rock model. After lateral and vertical loads are applied to the surrounding rock model to a set value, the module to be excavated is heated to be melted into slurry, and then the slurry is pumped out to realize excavation unloading, so that the excavation state in actual engineering can be reflected more truly, the distributed excavation unloading process of adjacent areas can be realized, and the excavation of any three-dimensional space form in the rock mass and the unloading simulation of different excavation sequences under the three-dimensional stress state can be really realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to engineering rock mass mechanical parameter testing equipment, in particular to a rock mass internal excavation unloading simulation experiment device and an application method thereof.
Background
Along with the high-speed development of economy in China, mineral resources required by the development of China are continuously increased, and at present, most shallow resources in mining areas in China are nearly exhausted, so that deep mining becomes an inevitable trend of mines in China. After entering the deep mining phase, it is necessary to face geological conditions that are more complex than those of shallow rock mass engineering. Along with the continuous increase of the mining depth, the original rock stress is also continuously increased, so that the excavation and the support of rock mass engineering are influenced.
When the deep rock mass is excavated, the original stress balance state is changed due to artificial excavation activity. Elastic strain energy in the rock body is released in the excavation process, and the high-speed release of the energy causes the primary joint tips in the original rock to sprout and expand cracks, so that the rock body has a macroscopic damage zone and forms an engineering collapse phenomenon. Therefore, rapid rock excavation activity has important influence on deep rock mass fracture behavior, and rock mass excavation is likely to induce engineering disasters, so that the safety production of mines is seriously threatened, and the development of national economy is further influenced.
At present, the patents of simulating rock mass unloading damage by using similar materials mainly include:
(1) high ground stress flexible loading instant unloading test device and test method (patent application No. 201310331903.3)
(2) Simulation test system for transient unloading loosening excavation of underground cavern structural plane (patent application number: 201510203951.3)
(3) Rock mass dynamic unloading effect test device and test method (patent application number: 201610331042.2)
(4) Deep fractured rock mass high confining pressure local transient unloading test simulation system (patent application number: 201810328969.X)
Most of the four experimental methods for simulating rock mass unloading damage by adopting similar materials can only simulate unloading in two-dimensional directions, and can not realize internal three-dimensional space excavation unloading under the simultaneous action of three-dimensional stress. In addition, the unloading spaces in the methods or the patents are all in a regular structure, so that the three-dimensional form of the simulated excavation space is limited, the distributed excavation unloading process of adjacent areas cannot be realized, and the unloading process is not consistent with actual engineering excavation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simulation experiment device capable of realizing excavation unloading of an internal three-dimensional space under the simultaneous action of three-dimensional stress and an application method thereof.
The invention discloses an unloading simulation experiment device for rock mass internal excavation, which comprises a surrounding rock model and a module to be excavated, wherein the module to be excavated is embedded in the surrounding rock model, and the surrounding rock model is a cuboid poured by rock-like materials. The bottom surface of country rock model is arranged in on the backing plate of bottom, and the periphery of four sides wall is provided with side direction loading backing plate, top surface and sets up the top loading backing plate and applys side direction and vertical load for the country rock model, but treat the excavation module and be the irregular body of hot melt thick liquid, pour by the polyester thick liquid that the heating melts and form, treat that the excavation module is connected with heating device and thick liquid extraction device, take out the thick liquid with the thick liquid through thick liquid extraction device and accomplish the three-dimensional excavation off-load to the country rock model outward with the surrounding rock model.
In an implementation manner of the above technical scheme, the surrounding rock model is formed by pouring rock-like materials, and a circular hole facing the bottom surface of the surrounding rock model is reserved at the bottom of the embedded position of the module to be excavated, corresponding to the rock-like materials.
In an implementation manner of the above technical scheme, the heating device comprises an electric heating head, a cable and a power supply, the electric heating head is connected to one end of the cable, when the excavation module is poured, the electric heating head is embedded in the excavation model, the other end of the cable is connected with the power supply, and the power supply is located outside the surrounding rock model.
In an embodiment of above-mentioned technical scheme, thick liquid extraction device is including conveyer pipe, liquid reserve tank and the air compressor machine that communicates in proper order, and the inner of conveyer pipe passes the round hole of bottom backing plate and country rock model bottom extends to the bottom edge of treating the excavation model, and the air compressor machine gives the interior evacuation of liquid reserve tank.
In an embodiment of above-mentioned technical scheme, the conveyer pipe includes that the intercommunication waits to excavate module linkage segment and liquid reserve tank linkage segment, and the tip of waiting to excavate the module linkage segment has the piston, and the downside of piston is connected with thin metal rod as its support piece, waits to excavate the module linkage segment and corresponds bottom backing plate downside is connected with gang switch, and the lower extreme of thin metal rod is connected on gang switch, realizes the up-and-down motion of piston through gang switch.
In one embodiment of the above technical solution, the side wall of the liquid storage tank has a connection pipe for connecting the connection section of the liquid storage tank, and the connection pipe is connected with a switch valve.
In an embodiment of the above technical scheme, the air compressor and the liquid storage tank are communicated through an air pipeline.
The method for carrying out excavation unloading simulation experiment on any shape in rock mass by using the device provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) pouring a module to be excavated with an irregular shape, placing an electric heating head of a heating device in the module to be excavated during pouring, and extending a cable connected with the electric heating head out of the module to be excavated;
(2) assembling a lateral loading base plate and a bottom base plate into a whole, penetrating the upper end of a connecting section of a module to be excavated of a conveying pipe through the bottom base plate and limiting through a linked switch, connecting the lower end of a thin metal rod to the linked switch, and connecting a piston to the upper end of the thin metal rod; the initial state of the piston seals the port of the connecting section of the module to be excavated;
(3) placing a module to be excavated above the piston, and enabling a cable connected with the electric heating head to penetrate through the lateral loading base plate;
(4) cement mortar is filled in a frame formed by the lateral loading base plate and the bottom base plate;
(5) after the cement mortar is poured for 48 hours, the lateral loading base plate is detached, and the formed surrounding rock model is maintained;
(6) after the maintenance of the surrounding rock model is finished, assembling the lateral loading base plate and the bottom base plate, assembling the top loading base plate and the lateral loading base plate, and applying lateral and vertical loads to the surrounding rock model to a set value through a three-way five-surface loading system;
(7) closing a switch valve on a connector on the side wall of the liquid storage tank, and starting an air compressor to vacuumize the liquid storage tank;
(8) connecting the outer end of a cable connected with the electric heating head with a power supply to electrify the electric heating head, so that the electric heating head heats the module to be excavated, and twisting the linkage switch to enable the piston to rise and extend into the slurry when the module to be excavated is heated to a state of flowable slurry corresponding to set time, so that the slurry flows into the conveying pipe from a port of a connecting section of the module to be excavated;
(9) opening a switch valve on a connector on the side wall of the liquid storage tank to enable slurry in the conveying pipe to enter the liquid storage tank, and completing excavation unloading simulation of the surrounding rock model;
(10) and (5) researching the damage of the unloaded surrounding rock model.
The module to be excavated is embedded in the surrounding rock model and is an irregular body which can be melted into slurry, and the module to be excavated is connected with the heating device and the slurry pumping device. Therefore, after lateral and vertical loads are applied to the surrounding rock model to a set value, the module to be excavated is heated to be melted into slurry, and the slurry is pumped out of the surrounding rock model to realize excavation unloading. The module to be excavated is an irregular body, and slurry is pumped out after hot melting to realize unloading of the internal three-dimensional space, so that the module can reflect the excavation state in actual engineering more truly, realize the distributed excavation unloading process of adjacent regions, really realize the excavation of any three-dimensional space form in the rock mass and the unloading simulation of different excavation sequences in a three-dimensional stress state, strengthen the understanding of the unloading destructive behavior of the jointed rock mass in a complex stress environment, have important significance on safe mining and disaster prevention and treatment of the underground mine, reduce engineering disasters induced by rock mass excavation, and promote the development of national economy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a slurry transport pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion a in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion B in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
As can be seen from fig. 1 to 3, the rock mass internal excavation unloading simulation experiment device disclosed in this embodiment includes a surrounding rock model 1, a module 2 to be excavated, an electric heating head 3, a cable 4, a power supply 5, a delivery pipe 6, a liquid storage tank 7, an air compressor 8, a switch valve 9, a lateral loading base plate 10, a top loading base plate 11, a bottom base plate 12, a linked switch 13, a thin metal rod 14, and a piston 15.
The module 2 to be excavated in this embodiment is formed by pouring polylactic acid of polyester. Firstly, polylactic acid is heated and melted into slurry, and the slurry is poured and molded through a mold with an irregular mold cavity, so that the molded module to be excavated has an irregular shape. The heating time of the polylactic acid was recorded.
When the module of waiting to excavate is pour, will be connected with the electric heat head of cable and place in the inner chamber of mould, the most length of cable is located outside the mould, so wait to excavate the module shaping after, the electric heat head is pre-buried in wherein.
In this embodiment, the electric heating head 3, the cable 4 and the power supply 5 constitute a heating device of the module to be excavated 1.
In this embodiment, the slurry pumping device is composed of the delivery pipe 6, the piston 15, the thin metal rod 14, the linked switch 13, the liquid storage tank 7, the switch valve 9 and the air compressor 8.
Conveyer pipe 6 is including treating excavation module linkage section 61 and liquid reserve tank linkage section 62 of intercommunication, and the gang switch is connected in the lower part of treating excavation linkage section 61, and thin metal rod is located the treatment of conveyer pipe and excavates linkage section 61, and its lower extreme is connected with gang switch 13, the upper end is connected with piston 15, and piston 15 is located the conveyer pipe and treats the last port of excavation linkage section, can realize the up-and-down motion of piston through wrench movement gang switch 13. The side wall of the liquid storage tank 7 is connected with a connecting pipe, the connecting pipe is connected with a switch valve 9, and the liquid storage tank connecting section 62 of the conveying pipe 6 is connected with the connecting pipe. The air compressor 8 is connected with the side wall of the liquid storage tank 7 through an air pipe, and the interior of the liquid storage tank 7 is vacuumized through the air compressor 8.
The surrounding rock model 1 of the present embodiment is set to be rectangular, and is formed by casting with cement mortar. Before the surrounding rock model is poured, the bottom base plate 12 and the four lateral loading base plates 10 are required to be assembled into a whole. Round holes are formed in the bottom base plate 12 and one side plate, the module connecting section 61 of the conveying pipe 6 to be excavated penetrates through the round holes in the bottom base plate 12 until the linkage switch 13 contacts with the outer side of the bottom base plate 12, namely, the module connecting section of the conveying pipe to be excavated is limited through the linkage switch.
After the connecting section of the module to be excavated of the conveying pipe is fixed, the piston 15 is covered at the upper end of the connecting section 61 of the module to be excavated, the poured module 2 to be excavated is placed on the piston, the cable 4 connected with the electric heating head 3 penetrates through a round hole in the lateral loading base plate 10, and finally cement mortar is poured into a frame enclosed by the bottom base plate 12 and the four lateral loading base plates 10 until the whole inner cavity of the frame is filled with the cement mortar. When the cement mortar is poured, the module 2 to be excavated is pre-embedded in the concrete.
And after the cement mortar is poured for 48 hours, detaching the lateral loading base plate 10, placing the formed surrounding rock model 1 at room temperature for maintenance, wherein the maintenance period is 28 days, and continuously spraying water to the surrounding rock model during the maintenance period.
After the maintenance of the surrounding rock model is completed, the lateral loading base plate 10 is assembled with the bottom base plate 12 again, the top loading base plate 11 is assembled with the lateral loading base plate 10, and then the assembled integral piece is placed on a three-way five-surface loading platform. Then be connected the liquid reserve tank linkage segment 62 of conveyer pipe 6 with the takeover of liquid reserve tank 7, be connected air compressor machine 8 and liquid reserve tank 7, close ooff valve 9 on will taking over, start the air compressor machine with the interior evacuation of liquid reserve tank. The on-off valve is closed to prevent the pressure from being too great to twist the linkage switch.
And starting the three-way five-surface loading system to apply lateral and vertical loads to a set value to the assembled integral piece, then connecting a cable 4 connected with the electric heating head 3 with a power supply 5, heating the electric heating head embedded in the module 2 to be excavated in advance, and melting the polylactic acid into a slurry state, wherein the heating time is the time for heating and melting the polylactic acid before pouring. When the heating time is up, the linkage switch is firstly twisted to enable the piston to ascend and be opened, and then the switch valve connected with the liquid storage tank is rapidly opened so as to avoid the negative pressure in the liquid storage tank from influencing the opening of the piston. As the liquid storage tank is vacuumized, the switch valve is opened, degradation formed by melting of the excavation module can be rapidly pumped out to enter the liquid storage tank, and excavation unloading of the surrounding rock model is completed.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an inside excavation off-load simulation experiment device of rock mass, includes the country rock model and inlays the module of waiting to excavate that is installed in it inside, and the cuboid that the country rock model was pour for kind rock material, its characterized in that: the bottom surface of country rock model is arranged in on the backing plate of bottom, and the periphery of four sides wall is provided with side direction loading backing plate, top surface and sets up the top loading backing plate and applys side direction and vertical load for the country rock model, but treat the excavation module and be the irregular body of hot melt thick liquid, pour by the polyester thick liquid that the heating melts and form, treat that the excavation module is connected with heating device and thick liquid extraction device, take out the thick liquid with the thick liquid through thick liquid extraction device and accomplish the three-dimensional excavation off-load to the country rock model outward with the surrounding rock model.
2. The rock mass internal excavation unloading simulation experiment device of claim 1, characterized in that: the surrounding rock model is formed by pouring rock-like materials, and a round hole facing the bottom surface of the surrounding rock model is reserved at the bottom of the embedded position of the module to be excavated.
3. The rock mass internal excavation unloading simulation experiment device of claim 2, characterized in that: heating device includes electric heat head, cable and power, and the electric heat head is connected in the one end of cable, treats that the excavation module is pour, inlays the electric heat head in treating the excavation model, and the power is connected to the other end of cable, and the power is located outside the country rock model.
4. The rock mass internal excavation unloading simulation experiment device of claim 3, characterized in that: slurry pumping device is including the conveyer pipe, liquid reserve tank and the air compressor machine that communicate in proper order, and the inner of conveyer pipe passes the round hole of bottom backing plate and country rock model bottom extends the bottom edge of treating the excavation model, and the air compressor machine gives the interior evacuation of liquid reserve tank.
5. The rock mass internal excavation unloading simulation experiment device of claim 4, characterized in that: the conveyer pipe has the piston including treating excavation module linkage segment and liquid reserve tank linkage segment of intercommunication, the tip of treating excavation module linkage segment, and the downside of piston is connected with thin metal rod as its support piece, treats that excavation module linkage segment corresponds bottom backing plate downside is connected with gang switch, and the lower extreme of thin metal rod is connected on gang switch, realizes the up-and-down motion of piston through gang switch.
6. The rock mass internal excavation unloading simulation experiment device of claim 5, characterized in that: the side wall of the liquid storage tank is provided with a connecting pipe for connecting the connecting section of the liquid storage tank, and the connecting pipe is connected with a switch valve.
7. The rock mass internal excavation unloading simulation experiment device of claim 4, characterized in that: the air compressor and the liquid storage tank are communicated through an air pipeline.
8. A method for carrying out excavation unloading simulation experiments on any shape in a rock mass by using the device of claim 6 comprises the following steps:
(1) pouring a module to be excavated with an irregular shape, placing an electric heating head of a heating device in the module to be excavated during pouring, and extending a cable connected with the electric heating head out of the module to be excavated;
(2) assembling a lateral loading base plate and a bottom base plate into a whole, penetrating the upper end of a connecting section of a module to be excavated of a conveying pipe through the bottom base plate and limiting through a linked switch, connecting the lower end of a thin metal rod to the linked switch, and connecting a piston to the upper end of the thin metal rod; the initial state of the piston seals the port of the connecting section of the module to be excavated;
(3) placing a module to be excavated above the piston, and enabling a cable connected with the electric heating head to penetrate through the lateral loading base plate;
(4) cement mortar is filled in a frame formed by the lateral loading base plate and the bottom base plate;
(5) after the cement mortar is poured for 48 hours, the lateral loading base plate is detached, and the formed surrounding rock model is maintained;
(6) after the maintenance of the surrounding rock model is finished, assembling the lateral loading base plate and the bottom base plate, assembling the top loading base plate and the lateral loading base plate, and applying lateral and vertical loads to the surrounding rock model to a set value through a three-way five-surface loading system;
(7) closing a switch valve on a connector on the side wall of the liquid storage tank, and starting an air compressor to vacuumize the liquid storage tank;
(8) connecting the outer end of a cable connected with the electric heating head with a power supply to electrify the electric heating head, so that the electric heating head heats the module to be excavated, and twisting the linkage switch to enable the piston to rise and extend into the slurry when the module to be excavated is heated to a state of flowable slurry corresponding to set time, so that the slurry flows into the conveying pipe from a port of a connecting section of the module to be excavated;
(9) opening a switch valve on a connector on the side wall of the liquid storage tank to enable slurry in the conveying pipe to enter the liquid storage tank, and completing excavation unloading simulation of the surrounding rock model;
(10) and (5) researching the damage of the unloaded surrounding rock model.
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| CN110044683B (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2021-07-27 | 三峡大学 | Device and method for testing tensile and compressive creep of interbore rock bridge by using expanding agent |
| CN113049403B (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2022-11-29 | 宁波大学 | Structural plane normal unloading shear damage test method considering morphology frequency spectrum characteristics |
| CN114047078B (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-10-11 | 中南大学 | Dynamic excavation unloading test device and test method under true three-dimensional stress state |
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| JP2001349814A (en) * | 2000-06-09 | 2001-12-21 | Ohbayashi Corp | Carrying in and out apparatus for large-sized test object |
| CN102508316B (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2013-05-15 | 河海大学 | Molding method and apparatus of three-dimensional cavity model for true three-dimensional model test |
| CN104865110B (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2017-05-10 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for prefabricating rough fractures in rocklike similar material specimen |
| CN105784493B (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2018-06-29 | 中南大学 | Hydraulic coupling adds unloader test device in three axis external pressure of rock and hole |
| CN106053331B (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2018-07-17 | 华北理工大学 | Excavate roadway surrounding rock strain energy migration quantization method under Unloading Effect |
| CN206097698U (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2017-04-12 | 山东科技大学 | Tunnel excavation off -load analogue test device |
| CN108168973A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-15 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of production method and device of inside face containing non-through structure similar material model |
| CN108362864B (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2023-08-29 | 北京交通大学 | Multifunctional combined tunnel excavation similar model test device |
| CN108333049B (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2024-01-26 | 洛阳理工学院 | Test model and test method for loading and then excavating deep underground chamber |
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