CN109268032B - Tunnel crossing structure of large karst funnel and construction method - Google Patents
Tunnel crossing structure of large karst funnel and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109268032B CN109268032B CN201811116098.1A CN201811116098A CN109268032B CN 109268032 B CN109268032 B CN 109268032B CN 201811116098 A CN201811116098 A CN 201811116098A CN 109268032 B CN109268032 B CN 109268032B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/003—Linings or provisions thereon, specially adapted for traffic tunnels, e.g. with built-in cleaning devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel crossing method of a large karst funnel, which comprises the steps of building a supporting system at the bottom of the large karst funnel, building a tunnel lining on the supporting system, building a protection system above the tunnel lining, and installing a drainage system for communicating the protection system with the supporting system. Still provide a tunnel spanning structure of large-scale karst funnel, including braced system, protection system and drainage system, braced system sets up the stand including the longeron of embedding in the country rock on the longeron, sets up the crossbeam on the stand, sets up the backup pad on the crossbeam. The construction method of the tunnel crossing structure of the large karst funnel comprises the steps of digging an installation groove in surrounding rocks, pouring longitudinal beams and cross beams, and installing a supporting plate, a top plate and a drainage system. The tunnel crossing structure is comprehensively designed from three dimensions of construction difficulty, drainage and construction cost, fully combines the structural characteristics of the karst funnel, and is designed to comprise a supporting system, a protection system and a drainage system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnels, in particular to a tunnel crossing method, a tunnel crossing structure and a construction method of the tunnel crossing structure of a large karst funnel.
Background
China has a large number of roads and railway tunnels built in western regions. However, more than one third of the total area in the western region is the area of karst, which is a landform caused by karst action. The karst funnel is a dish-shaped or funnel-shaped concave ground in a limestone area, the plane shape is a circle or an ellipse, the diameter is several meters to tens of meters, the depth is several meters to more than ten meters, and the large karst funnel is a karst leak with the leak diameter more than or equal to 10 m. The funnel wall is in a steep bank shape due to collapse, a vertical crack or a corrosion pore channel is usually developed at the bottom of the funnel with the detritus stones and the residual red soil accumulated, the pore channel is communicated with a dark river, and when the pore channel is blocked, water is accumulated in the funnel to form a lake.
Along with the massive construction of the karst tunnel, more and more dissolving cavities, funnels and underground rivers are disclosed, and when the large dissolving cavities are difficult to bypass, how to select an economical, safe and reasonable tunnel structure to pass through a large karst funnel area needs a scientific solution scheme, so that the safety and stability of tunnel construction and operation can be guaranteed.
At present, the method for crossing a small karst cavity is filled with broken stones, concrete or soil, and for a large karst cavity, the method mainly adopts a mode of building a simply supported beam bridge or an arch bridge for crossing. These crossing ways are mainly applicable to situations where the karst cavity is not deep or free of water. The karst funnel has the characteristics of wide upper part and narrow lower part and is deep, and a large amount of surface water can be gathered into the karst funnel when raining heavily. If the backfill scheme is adopted, a large amount of backfill materials are needed, which is uneconomical, and the drainage facility is not easy to construct; if a simply supported beam is adopted, a higher pier is needed, and the space at the lower part of the funnel is smaller, so that the construction difficulty is higher and the construction is not economical; if the arch bridge is adopted for crossing, the drainage problem after surface water is converged into the karst funnel cannot be solved, and the manufacturing cost is higher. In order to solve the drainage problem after the surface water is converged into the karst funnel when the tunnel spans the large karst funnel and the problems that the space at the upper part of the funnel is wide, the space at the lower part of the funnel is small, the funnel is deep and the construction difficulty is large, a tunnel spanning technology specially used for a large karst funnel area needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the tunnel crossing method of the large karst funnel, which solves the technical problems of high tunnel crossing construction difficulty, high construction cost and inconvenient drainage of the large karst funnel in the prior art, and can fully utilize the structural characteristics of the large top and the small bottom of the karst funnel, thereby reducing the construction difficulty, reducing the construction cost, avoiding the scouring effect on the tunnel lining after surface water is converged into the karst funnel, and having good drainage performance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a tunnel crossing method of a large karst funnel comprises the following steps:
step 1: building a support system with a drainage hole at the bottom of the large karst funnel;
step 2: building a tunnel lining spanning a large karst funnel area on a supporting system;
and step 3: building a protection system with a drainage hole above a tunnel lining in a leak of the large karst funnel;
and 4, step 4: communicating the upper end of a drainage hose with a drainage hole in the protection system, then extending the drainage hose downwards to the support system around the outer side of the tunnel lining, and communicating the lower end of the drainage hose with the drainage hole in the support system, thereby forming a drainage system; the rainwater can be discharged from the leak at the bottom of the large karst funnel through the drainage system.
The invention also provides a tunnel crossing structure of the large karst funnel, which comprises a supporting system, a protection system and a drainage system;
the supporting system comprises a longitudinal beam arranged at the bottom of the large karst funnel along the length direction of the tunnel, and two ends of the longitudinal beam are embedded into surrounding rocks surrounding the large karst funnel; an upright post is connected above the longitudinal beam, and the upper end of the upright post is connected with a cross beam arranged along the transverse direction of the tunnel; the supporting plates are arranged on the cross beam, and two ends of each supporting plate are embedded into surrounding rocks respectively, so that part of tunnel lining in the large karst funnel can be supported through the supporting plates;
the protection system comprises a top plate capable of covering the top surface of the tunnel lining, and two ends of the top plate are embedded into surrounding rocks; anchor rods are anchored in the surrounding rocks above the two ends of the top plate; the middle part of the top plate is hung on the anchor rod through a pull rope;
the drainage system comprises a plurality of drainage holes which are respectively arranged at two ends of the supporting plate side by side, a plurality of drainage holes which are respectively arranged at two ends of the top plate side by side and a plurality of drainage hoses; the drainage hose is arranged around the outer side of the tunnel lining, the upper end of the drainage hose is communicated with the drainage hole in the top plate, and the lower end of the drainage hose penetrates through the drainage hole in the supporting plate and extends to the lower side of the longitudinal beam along surrounding rocks at the bottom of the large karst funnel.
Preferably, the support system comprises a plurality of stand columns arranged side by side at intervals, and each stand column is supported through a corresponding longitudinal beam.
Preferably, a plurality of supporting plates are laid along the length direction of the cross beam, and joints between the adjacent supporting plates are filled and sealed by adopting sealing materials.
Preferably, the cross section of the top plate is in an inverted V shape with a high middle and two low ends, and the length direction of the top plate is along the length direction of the cross beam.
Preferably, the top plate comprises butt-jointed top plates positioned on the left side and the right side of the cross beam, and the butt joints between the left butt-jointed top plate and the right butt-jointed top plate are filled and sealed by sealing materials.
Preferably, the protection system includes a plurality of anchor rods that set up side by side along the tunnel transverse direction and anchor in the country rock, and every anchor rod all hangs the roof through the cable that corresponds.
The invention also provides a construction method of the tunnel spanning structure of the large karst funnel, which comprises the following steps:
step 101: respectively digging longitudinal beam mounting grooves in surrounding rocks on the front side and the rear side of the bottom of the large karst funnel along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, wherein the groove depth is not less than 3 m;
step 102: then pouring the longitudinal beam, and embedding the front end and the rear end of the longitudinal beam into the mounting grooves;
step 103: after the longitudinal beam reaches the design strength, pouring an upright column on the longitudinal beam;
step 104: after the upright column reaches the design strength, pouring a cross beam on the upright column; the suspended length of both ends of the beam is not more than 1/4 of the length of the beam;
step 105: respectively digging support plate mounting grooves in surrounding rocks on the front side and the rear side of the bottom of the large karst funnel along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; and after the crossbeam reaches design intensity, install the backup pad on the crossbeam: two ends of the supporting plate are respectively embedded into the corresponding supporting plate mounting grooves, and the embedding depth is not less than 3 m;
step 106: building a tunnel lining spanning a large karst funnel area on a supporting plate;
step 107: drilling anchor holes on surrounding rocks on the tunnel lining on the front side and the rear side of the upper part of the large karst funnel along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel by using a drilling machine, wherein the diameter of each anchor hole is not less than 90mm, and the depth of each anchor hole is not less than 4 m;
step 108: placing an anchor rod with one end welded with a steel strand into the anchor hole, inserting one end of the steel strand which is not welded into the anchor hole, wherein the length of the anchor rod is not less than 3m, and pouring mortar into the anchor hole to anchor the anchor rod in the anchor hole;
step 109: drawing a top plate mounting groove on surrounding rocks between a tunnel lining and an anchor hole on the front side and the rear side of the upper part of the large karst funnel along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; installing a top plate: the two ends of the top plate are respectively embedded into the corresponding top plate mounting grooves, and the embedding depth is not less than 3 m; the middle part of the top plate is fixedly connected with the steel strand, so that the steel strand is hung on the anchor rod;
step 1010: installing a drainage system: the drainage hose with the diameter not smaller than 150mm is adopted, the drainage hose is arranged around the outer side of the tunnel lining, the upper end of the drainage hose is communicated with the drainage hole in the top plate, the lower end of the drainage hose penetrates through the drainage hole in the supporting plate and extends to the lower side of the longitudinal beam along surrounding rocks at the bottom of the large-scale karst funnel, and the distance between the drainage hose and the walls of the surrounding rocks is 10-15 cm.
Preferably, the supporting plates comprise butt-jointed supporting plates positioned at the left side and the right side of the cross beam; embedding one side of the splicing plates into the surrounding rock, and lapping the other side of the splicing plates on the cross beam, wherein the lapping length is not less than 30cm, so that the splicing plates on the left side and the right side form splicing seams on the cross beam, and the splicing seams are filled and sealed by adopting a sealing material; the top plates comprise butt-jointed top plates positioned on the left side and the right side of the cross beam, and the joints between the left butt-jointed top plate and the right butt-jointed top plate are filled and sealed by sealing materials; the butt-jointed supporting plates and the butt-jointed top plates are both reinforced concrete hollow plates, the sealing material is asphalt twisted bars, and the steel strands are welded and fixed with the steel bars in the butt-jointed top plates.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the tunnel crossing method, aiming at the structural characteristics of a large karst funnel, namely a large top and a small bottom, a supporting system is arranged at the bottom of the karst funnel, a protection system is arranged at the upper part of the karst funnel, the supporting system is used for supporting a tunnel lining, and the protection system is used for shielding the tunnel lining, so that the tunnel lining is prevented from being naturally damaged by sunshine, wind, rain and the like. Meanwhile, a drainage system communicated with the protection system and the supporting system is installed, so that rainwater falling onto the protection system is drained from a leak at the bottom of the large karst funnel through the drainage hose and the supporting system, accumulated water is avoided, the drainage hose avoids the contact between the rainwater and a tunnel lining, the erosion of the rainwater to the tunnel lining is avoided, the drainage system has excellent drainage performance, and the tunnel is protected in the drainage process.
2. The tunnel crossing structure of the large and small karst funnels mainly comprises a plate, a beam and a column structure, is high in integral permeability, has little obstruction to the drainage hose, and is very convenient for installation of a drainage system.
3. According to the tunnel crossing structure, the supporting system is arranged at the bottom of the smaller funnel, and the supporting system is stressed cooperatively through the longitudinal beams and the transverse beams, so that a stable supporting foundation can be provided for tunnel lining. Compared with a backfilling mode, the method has good economy, can greatly reduce the cost and is more convenient for drainage construction. Compared with a bridge building mode, the bridge has the advantages that the construction of a higher pier is avoided, the construction is more convenient, and the construction difficulty is reduced. Set up protection system on great funnel upper portion, protection system can cover tunnel lining, avoids tunnel lining to receive natural damage such as sunshine, wind-blown, drench.
4. The backup pad all designs for split type structure with the roof, the mode of piecing together promptly, can obtain great span like this to adapt to the size of large-scale karst funnel.
5. The cross section of roof is the low font of falling V in high both ends in the middle, and the roof is installed in tunnel lining top back like this, is similar to the roof structure (low both ends embedding country rock) that high both sides are low in the middle of the roof for the rainwater can be followed in the middle of the roof landing drainage hole at roof both ends, thereby in time discharges the rainwater, avoids ponding.
6. The supporting plate is made of reinforced concrete hollow plates, has higher strength, and can reduce the weight, thereby reducing the load of the supporting system.
7. Adopt the drainage hose to carry out the drainage round tunnel lining, can avoid building drainage system and cause the influence to tunnel lining's structure, intensity and inner space.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a tunnel spanning structure of a large karst funnel in the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the shield system in this embodiment;
fig. 3 is a side view of the support system in this embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
A tunnel crossing method of a large karst funnel comprises the following steps:
step 1: building a support system with a drainage hole at the bottom of the large karst funnel;
step 2: building a tunnel lining spanning a large karst funnel area on a supporting system;
and step 3: building a protection system with a drainage hole above a tunnel lining in a leak of the large karst funnel;
and 4, step 4: communicating the upper end of a drainage hose with a drainage hole in the protection system, then extending the drainage hose downwards to the support system around the outer side of the tunnel lining, and communicating the lower end of the drainage hose with the drainage hole in the support system, thereby forming a drainage system; the rainwater can be discharged from the leak at the bottom of the large karst funnel through the drainage system.
According to the tunnel crossing method, aiming at the structural characteristics of a large karst funnel, namely a large top and a small bottom, a supporting system is arranged at the bottom of the karst funnel, a protection system is arranged at the upper part of the karst funnel, the supporting system is used for supporting a tunnel lining, and the protection system is used for shielding the tunnel lining, so that the tunnel lining is prevented from being naturally damaged by sunshine, wind, rain and the like. Meanwhile, a drainage system communicated with the protection system and the supporting system is installed, so that rainwater falling onto the protection system is drained from a leak at the bottom of the large karst funnel through the drainage hose and the supporting system, accumulated water is avoided, the drainage hose avoids the contact between the rainwater and a tunnel lining, the erosion of the rainwater to the tunnel lining is avoided, the drainage system has excellent drainage performance, and the tunnel is protected in the drainage process.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the tunnel crossing method in the present embodiment employs a tunnel crossing structure of a large karst funnel of the present invention, including a support system, a protection system, and a drainage system;
the supporting system comprises a longitudinal beam 4 arranged at the bottom of the large karst funnel along the length direction of the tunnel, and two ends of the longitudinal beam 4 are embedded into surrounding rocks surrounding the large karst funnel; an upright post 3 is connected above the longitudinal beam 4, and the upper end of the upright post 3 is connected with a cross beam 11 arranged along the transverse direction of the tunnel; the supporting plate 10 is arranged on the cross beam 11, and two ends of the supporting plate 10 are respectively embedded into surrounding rocks, so that part of tunnel lining in the large karst funnel can be supported through the supporting plate 10;
the protection system comprises a top plate 6 capable of covering the top surface of the tunnel lining, wherein two ends of the top plate 6 are embedded into surrounding rocks; anchor rods are anchored in the surrounding rocks above the two ends of the top plate 6; the middle part of the top plate 6 is hung on the anchor rod through a pull rope 5;
the drainage system comprises a plurality of drainage holes which are respectively arranged at two ends of the supporting plate 10 side by side, a plurality of drainage holes which are respectively arranged at two ends of the top plate 6 side by side and a plurality of drainage hoses 9, and the distance between the drainage holes is 4-5 m; the drainage hose 9 is arranged around the outer side of the tunnel lining, the upper end of the drainage hose 9 is communicated with the drainage hole on the top plate 6, and the lower end of the drainage hose 9 penetrates through the drainage hole on the support plate 10 and extends to the lower part of the longitudinal beam 4 along surrounding rocks at the bottom of the large karst funnel.
In this embodiment, the support system includes a plurality of stand 3 that set up side by side at interval, and every stand 3 all supports through corresponding longeron 4. Set up many with stand 3 and longeron 4, can improve support intensity and support stability.
In this embodiment, a plurality of support plates 10 are laid along the length direction of the cross beam 11, and the joints between adjacent support plates 10 are filled and sealed with a sealing material. In this way, a large support area is enabled, providing better support for the tunnel lining 2.
In the present embodiment, the top plate 6 has a cross section in an inverted V shape with a high middle and low ends, and the length direction of the top plate 6 is along the length direction of the cross member 11. The cross section of roof 6 is the low font of falling V in middle high both ends, and roof 6 installs in 2 tops of tunnel lining like this after, is similar to the roof structure (low both ends embedding country rock) that high both sides are low in the middle of the centre for the rainwater can be from roof 6 middle landing in the outlet at 6 both ends of roof, thereby in time discharges the rainwater, avoids ponding.
In this specific embodiment, roof 6 includes the butt joint roof 6 that is located the crossbeam 11 left and right sides, and the butt joint between the left and right sides butt joint roof 6 adopts sealing material to fill sealedly.
In this embodiment, the supporting plate 10 includes two opposite supporting plates located at the left and right sides of the cross beam; one side of the butt-jointed supporting plates is embedded into the surrounding rock, and the other side of the butt-jointed supporting plates is overlapped on the cross beam 11, so that butt joints of the butt-jointed supporting plates on the left side and the right side are formed on the cross beam and are filled and sealed by adopting sealing materials.
The supporting plate 10 and the top plate 6 are both designed to be of a split structure, namely, a split mode, so that a larger span can be obtained to adapt to the size of a large karst funnel.
In this embodiment, protection system includes a plurality of anchor rods that set up side by side along the tunnel transverse direction and anchor in the country rock, and every anchor rod all hangs roof 6 through corresponding cable 5. Set up many stock and cable, hang more firm.
In the present embodiment, the tunnel spanning structure of the large karst funnel adopts a construction method, which includes the following steps: step 101: respectively digging longitudinal beam 4 mounting grooves in surrounding rocks on the front side and the rear side of the bottom of the large karst funnel along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, wherein the depth of each groove is not less than 3 m;
step 102: then pouring the longitudinal beam 4 to enable the front end and the rear end of the longitudinal beam 4 to be embedded into the mounting grooves;
step 103: after the longitudinal beam 4 reaches the design strength, pouring the upright post 3 on the longitudinal beam 4;
step 104: after the upright post 3 reaches the design strength, pouring a beam 11 on the upright post 3; the suspended length of both ends of the beam 11 is not more than 1/4 of the length thereof;
step 105: respectively digging mounting grooves of the support plates 10 in surrounding rocks on the front side and the rear side of the bottom of the large karst funnel along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; and after the cross beam 11 reaches the design strength, the support plate 10 is installed on the cross beam 11: two ends of the supporting plate 10 are respectively embedded into the corresponding supporting plate 10 mounting grooves, and the embedding depth is not less than 3 m;
step 106: constructing a tunnel lining spanning the large karst funnel area on the support plate 10;
step 107: drilling anchor holes on surrounding rocks on the tunnel lining on the front side and the rear side of the upper part of the large karst funnel along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel by using a drilling machine, wherein the diameter of each anchor hole is not less than 90mm, and the depth of each anchor hole is not less than 4 m;
step 108: placing an anchor rod with one end welded with a steel strand into the anchor hole, inserting one end of the steel strand which is not welded into the anchor hole, wherein the length of the anchor rod is not less than 3m, and pouring mortar into the anchor hole to anchor the anchor rod in the anchor hole;
step 109: digging top plate 6 installation grooves on surrounding rocks between a tunnel lining and an anchor hole on the front side and the rear side of the upper part of the large karst funnel along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; installing a top plate 6: two ends of the top plate 6 are respectively embedded into the corresponding top plate 6 mounting grooves, and the embedding depth is not less than 3 m; the middle part of the top plate 6 is fixedly connected with the steel strand, so that the steel strand is hung on the anchor rod;
step 1010: installing a drainage system: the drainage hose with the diameter not smaller than 150mm is adopted, the drainage hose 9 is arranged around the outer side of the tunnel lining, the upper end of the drainage hose 9 is communicated with the drainage hole in the top plate 6, the lower end of the drainage hose 9 penetrates through the drainage hole in the supporting plate 10 and extends to the lower portion of the longitudinal beam 4 along surrounding rocks at the bottom of the large-scale karst funnel, and the distance between the drainage hose and the walls of the surrounding rocks is 10-15 cm.
In this embodiment, the supporting plate 10 includes two opposite supporting plates located on the left and right sides of the cross beam 11; one side of each splicing plate is embedded into the surrounding rock, the other side of each splicing plate is lapped on the cross beam 11, and the lapping length is not less than 30cm, so that splicing seams are formed on the cross beam 11 by the splicing plates on the left side and the right side, and the splicing seams are filled and sealed by sealing materials; the top plate 6 comprises butt-jointed top plates 6 positioned at the left side and the right side of the cross beam 11, and the joints between the left and the right butt-jointed top plates 6 are filled and sealed by sealing materials; to piecing together the fagging and all adopting the hollow core slab of reinforced concrete to piecing together roof 6, the sealing material is pitch twisted steel, and the steel strand wires is fixed with the steel reinforcement welding in piecing together the roof 6, and the interval of welding point is 3 ~ 4 m.
The tunnel crossing method and the tunnel crossing structure for the large karst funnel are designed by comprehensively designing from three dimensions of construction difficulty, drainage and construction cost, fully combining the structural characteristics of the karst funnel, and mainly adopting a beam, a plate and a column structure for the supporting system and the protecting system, so that the cost can be greatly reduced, the permeability of the tunnel crossing structure is higher, the air permeability is better, the tunnel lining is not easy to mildew, and the drainage system is designed by fully utilizing the characteristics of high permeability (easy pipeline penetration) of the supporting system and the protecting system structure, so that the supporting system, the protecting system and the drainage system form an organic whole.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a structure is strideed across in tunnel of large-scale karst funnel which characterized in that: a bag support system, a protection system and a drainage system;
the supporting system comprises a longitudinal beam arranged at the bottom of the large karst funnel along the length direction of the tunnel, and two ends of the longitudinal beam are embedded into surrounding rocks surrounding the large karst funnel; an upright post is connected above the longitudinal beam, and the upper end of the upright post is connected with a cross beam arranged along the transverse direction of the tunnel; the supporting plates are arranged on the cross beam, and two ends of each supporting plate are embedded into surrounding rocks respectively, so that part of tunnel lining in the large karst funnel can be supported through the supporting plates;
the protection system comprises a top plate capable of covering the top surface of the tunnel lining, and two ends of the top plate are embedded into surrounding rocks; anchor rods are anchored in the surrounding rocks above the two ends of the top plate; the middle part of the top plate is hung on the anchor rod through a pull rope;
the drainage system comprises a plurality of drainage holes which are respectively arranged at two ends of the supporting plate side by side, a plurality of drainage holes which are respectively arranged at two ends of the top plate side by side and a plurality of drainage hoses; the drainage hose is arranged around the outer side of the tunnel lining, the upper end of the drainage hose is communicated with the drainage hole in the top plate, and the lower end of the drainage hose penetrates through the drainage hole in the supporting plate and extends to the lower side of the longitudinal beam along surrounding rocks at the bottom of the large karst funnel.
2. The tunnel spanning structure of a large karst funnel according to claim 1, wherein: the supporting system comprises a plurality of stand columns arranged side by side at intervals, and each stand column is supported through a corresponding longitudinal beam.
3. The tunnel spanning structure of a large karst funnel according to claim 1, wherein: a plurality of supporting plates are laid along the length direction of the cross beam, and joints between adjacent supporting plates are filled and sealed by adopting sealing materials.
4. The tunnel spanning structure of a large karst funnel according to claim 1, wherein: the cross section of the top plate is in an inverted V shape with a high middle and two low ends, and the length direction of the top plate is along the length direction of the cross beam.
5. The tunnel spanning structure of a large karst funnel according to claim 1, wherein: the top plate comprises butt-jointed top plates positioned on the left side and the right side of the cross beam, and the butt joints between the left butt-jointed top plates and the right butt-jointed top plates are filled and sealed by sealing materials.
6. The tunnel spanning structure of a large karst funnel according to claim 1, wherein: the supporting plates comprise butt-jointed supporting plates positioned on the left side and the right side of the cross beam; one side of the butt-jointed supporting plates is embedded into the surrounding rock, and the other side of the butt-jointed supporting plates is overlapped on the cross beam, so that butt joints of the butt-jointed supporting plates on the left side and the right side are formed on the cross beam and are filled and sealed by adopting sealing materials.
7. The tunnel spanning structure of a large karst funnel according to claim 1, wherein: the protection system includes that a plurality of anchor rods that set up side by side along the tunnel transverse direction and anchor in the country rock, every anchor rod all hangs the roof through the cable that corresponds.
8. A construction method of a tunnel crossing structure of a large karst funnel according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step 101: respectively digging longitudinal beam mounting grooves in surrounding rocks on the front side and the rear side of the bottom of the large karst funnel along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, wherein the groove depth is not less than 3 m;
step 102: then pouring the longitudinal beam, and embedding the front end and the rear end of the longitudinal beam into the mounting grooves;
step 103: after the longitudinal beam reaches the design strength, pouring an upright column on the longitudinal beam;
step 104: after the upright column reaches the design strength, pouring a cross beam on the upright column; the suspended length of both ends of the beam is not more than 1/4 of the length of the beam;
step 105: respectively digging support plate mounting grooves in surrounding rocks on the front side and the rear side of the bottom of the large karst funnel along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; and after the crossbeam reaches design intensity, install the backup pad on the crossbeam: two ends of the supporting plate are respectively embedded into the corresponding supporting plate mounting grooves, and the embedding depth is not less than 3 m;
step 106: building a tunnel lining spanning a large karst funnel area on a supporting plate;
step 107: drilling anchor holes on surrounding rocks on the tunnel lining on the front side and the rear side of the upper part of the large karst funnel along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel by using a drilling machine, wherein the diameter of each anchor hole is not less than 90mm, and the depth of each anchor hole is not less than 4 m;
step 108: placing an anchor rod with one end welded with a steel strand into the anchor hole, inserting one end of the steel strand which is not welded into the anchor hole, wherein the length of the anchor rod is not less than 3m, and pouring mortar into the anchor hole to anchor the anchor rod in the anchor hole;
step 109: drawing a top plate mounting groove on surrounding rocks between a tunnel lining and an anchor hole on the front side and the rear side of the upper part of the large karst funnel along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; installing a top plate: the two ends of the top plate are respectively embedded into the corresponding top plate mounting grooves, and the embedding depth is not less than 3 m; the middle part of the top plate is fixedly connected with the steel strand, so that the steel strand is hung on the anchor rod;
step 1010: installing a drainage system: the drainage hose with the diameter not smaller than 150mm is adopted, the drainage hose is arranged around the outer side of the tunnel lining, the upper end of the drainage hose is communicated with the drainage hole in the top plate, the lower end of the drainage hose penetrates through the drainage hole in the supporting plate and extends to the lower side of the longitudinal beam along surrounding rocks at the bottom of the large-scale karst funnel, and the distance between the drainage hose and the walls of the surrounding rocks is 10-15 cm.
9. The construction method of the tunnel spanning structure of the large-scale karst funnel according to claim 8, wherein: the supporting plates comprise butt-jointed supporting plates positioned on the left side and the right side of the cross beam; embedding one side of the splicing plates into the surrounding rock, and lapping the other side of the splicing plates on the cross beam, wherein the lapping length is not less than 30cm, so that the splicing plates on the left side and the right side form splicing seams on the cross beam, and the splicing seams are filled and sealed by adopting a sealing material; the top plates comprise butt-jointed top plates positioned on the left side and the right side of the cross beam, and the joints between the left butt-jointed top plate and the right butt-jointed top plate are filled and sealed by sealing materials; the butt-jointed supporting plates and the butt-jointed top plates are both reinforced concrete hollow plates, the sealing material is asphalt twisted bars, and the steel strands are welded and fixed with the steel bars in the butt-jointed top plates.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811116098.1A CN109268032B (en) | 2018-09-25 | 2018-09-25 | Tunnel crossing structure of large karst funnel and construction method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811116098.1A CN109268032B (en) | 2018-09-25 | 2018-09-25 | Tunnel crossing structure of large karst funnel and construction method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109268032A CN109268032A (en) | 2019-01-25 |
| CN109268032B true CN109268032B (en) | 2019-12-27 |
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| DE4412880A1 (en) * | 1994-04-14 | 1995-10-19 | Friedrich Wassermann Bauuntern | Process for digging underground cavity |
| CN101922301A (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2010-12-22 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | A kind of tunnel safeguard structure that passes through the dark solution cavity of relative superiority or inferiority |
| CN202611712U (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2012-12-19 | 中冶集团武汉勘察研究院有限公司 | Rigid and flexible double protection structure for high and narrow dissolved cavern |
| RU2537711C1 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2015-01-10 | Олег Иванович Лобов | Erection of tunnels in structurally unstable soils with karst phenomena and/or boil processes |
| CN204572000U (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-08-19 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of hole booth structure for bridge tunnel binding site protection rockfall |
| CN204572016U (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-08-19 | 中铁二十五局集团有限公司 | A kind of protected apron for Karst Tunnel |
| CN105603893B (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2017-08-08 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Tunnel face flexibility nose-shaped Rolling Stone row leads shed hole structure body and its design method |
| DE102016003333A1 (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2017-12-14 | Baumhaustechnik GbR (vertretungsberechtigte Gesellschafter: Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Karl Weißenmayer, 75365 Calw, Dipl. Dipl. (FH) Tobias Weißenmayer, 75365 Calw) | Tunnel system with pressure optimization and bat protection |
| CN106246192A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2016-12-21 | 北京市政路桥股份有限公司 | Large-scale karst cave treatment under a kind of tunnel basis and base plate and tunnel excavation method |
| CN207295685U (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2018-05-01 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Huge karst cavity ruggedized construction in Railway Tunnel |
| CN108104822B (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-07 | 中冶交通建设集团有限公司 | A kind of Tunnel Passing large size karst cavity construction geology disaster real-time predicting method |
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