CN109268028A - A kind of large-span underground chamber half range mistake is away from excavation supporting method - Google Patents
A kind of large-span underground chamber half range mistake is away from excavation supporting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109268028A CN109268028A CN201810999079.1A CN201810999079A CN109268028A CN 109268028 A CN109268028 A CN 109268028A CN 201810999079 A CN201810999079 A CN 201810999079A CN 109268028 A CN109268028 A CN 109268028A
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- half range
- excavation
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009510 drug design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/021—Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cement
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
- E21D9/126—Loading devices or installations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of large-span underground chamber half range mistakes away from excavation supporting method, belong to underground engineering construction field, the present invention is according to features such as large-span underground chamber structure feature and stress distributions, form the excavation supporting method of " hard after first soft, draining is advanced, half range mistake is closely followed away from, supporting ", principle is built according to " first soft rear hard, draining is in advance ", unfavorable half range cavern first is stablized to cavern and carries out excavation supporting, then lag it is wrong away from, stay close the other half range cavern of excavation supporting.The adaptability of technology, strong operability substantially increase excavation supporting work efficiency, and ensure that construction safety and excavation quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to underground engineering construction fields, specifically, being related to a kind of large-span underground chamber half range mistake away from opening
Dig method for protecting support.
Background technique
In the underground engineering constructions such as water conservancy and hydropower, highway, harbour, underground chamber is in large scale, buried depth is big, crustal stress
Height, design supporting parameter, the excavation construction method of such special construction are different, and unscientific design supporting parameter excavates
The safety accidents such as Instability of Rock Body, landslide may occur for construction method for supporting, thus, integral construction progress and economic benefit are influenced,
Therefore, a kind of scientific and rational design supporting parameter of exploration and practice and safe, high-quality, efficient excavation supporting method, top are needed
The excavation supporting method of layer conventional security generally uses: the 1. leading excavation supporting of middle drift, then the method that two sides dig follow-up；②
Two sides are first excavated, the rear method for excavating middle part.The second layer and its general use of following excavation: 1. first intermediate hidden hole drilling heading blast
The method that protective layer excavation is reserved in kerve, rear two sides；2. full face tunneling.The excavation method is unfavorable for the long anchor bolt construction of system,
Also it is unfavorable for geomantic omen electricity arrangement, excavates higher cost, full face tunneling opposite side wall adjoining rock stability is also unfavorable below the second layer.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as background technique, the invention proposes a kind of large-span underground chamber half range mistakes away from opening
Method for protecting support is dug, overcomes the shortcoming of traditional excavation supporting method, and verified the geology of excavated underground chamber in advance
Condition, extremely advantageous to stress release and Stress relief, technological innovation applicability, strong operability substantially increase excavation
Supporting work efficiency, and guarantee construction safety and excavation quality.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of large-span underground chamber half range mistake is away from excavation supporting method, specific steps are as follows:
1) according to the required structure feature for excavating underground rock cavern, to geology such as surrounding rock category, unfavorable structural plane, formation strikes
Condition makes judge, according to first soft rear excavation principle hard, draining is advanced, selects the half range preferentially to excavate and the branch taken
Shield measure；
2) unfavorable half range first is stablized to cavern's the first crown layer crown and carries out excavation supporting, then lag it is wrong away from, stay close excavation branch
Other half range is protected, half range cavern is first excavated and excavates the distance of half range cavern afterwards in advance and first excavate half not less than 1.5 times of its hole diameter
Width cavern hole diameter；
3) after the completion of the first crown layer excavation supporting, second layer half range mistake is sequentially entered away from excavation supporting, first excavates half range cavern
The distance of excavation half range cavern is not less than its hole diameter after advanced 1.5 times first excavate half range cavern hole diameter；
4) after the completion of second layer half range mistake is away from excavation supporting, using first layer, the digging mode of the second layer, sequentially enter third,
4th ... until the last layer half range mistake is away from excavation supporting, and cavern's bottom plate reserves 1.5m thickness protective layer, and protective layer uses light
Face explosion, horizontal artillery salvo Blasting Excavation mode are excavated.
Further, the half range cavern cross dimensions of the first crown of cavern layer first excavated need to be taken into account, meet digging, dress, fortune, branch
Equipment, the working space demand of system anchor bolt length are protected, excavated section is not less than width × height=9.0 × 9.0m, and the first crown layer is opened
It digs using hand air drill with the quick-fried trolley pore-creating of bench drill or using the quick-fried trolley pore-creating of large-scale rock drill, light is implemented by design profile line in periphery
Face explosion, periphery hole and other blast holes, by explosion design control, and regard country rock situation supporting immediately following excavating away from, powder charge, networking,
The Safety Monitoring Instruments such as the embedded temporary or permanent convergence gauge in part, anchor stress, multipoint displacement meter, to monitor cavern in time
Surrouding rock stress strained situation.
Further, if immediate support is needed to follow excavation closely, the left and right half range cavern excavation of each layer, supporting plane can multi-process
Parallel operations, supporting use three arm rock drilling jumbo pore-creating, and hand fit's equipment of ascending a height carries out rockbolt installation, slip casting and linked network branch
Shield.
Further, the left and right half range hole of each layer closes dumper using loading machine or backhoe assembly and slags tap, and carries out bottom using backhoe
Portion's scar is cleared up, is smooth, to facilitate subsequent cycle pore-creating, and guarantees excavation quality.
Further, it the second layer and its is excavated with lower leaf using thin layer, excavation height need to consider to facilitate equipment pore-creating for original
Then, it is highly 4.0~5.0m, first digs 2/3 that half range is cavern's width, and typically no less than 9.0m.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention according to features such as large-span underground chamber structure feature and stress distributions, form " it is hard after first soft, draining is super
Before, half range mistake closely follows away from, supporting " excavation supporting method, i.e., principle is built according to " after first soft hard, draining is advanced ", first to hole
Room stablizes unfavorable half range cavern and carries out excavation supporting, then lag it is wrong away from, stay close the other half range cavern of excavation supporting.The technology is suitable
With property, strong operability, excavation supporting work efficiency is substantially increased, and ensure that construction safety and excavation quality.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is large-span underground chamber half range mistake away from excavation floor map；
Fig. 2 is large-span underground chamber half range mistake away from excavation diagrammatic cross-section.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention and attached drawing, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Ground description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on this
Embodiment in invention, every other reality obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Example is applied, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
A kind of large-span underground chamber half range mistake is away from excavation supporting method, specific steps are as follows:
1) according to generally large-span underground chamber surrounding rock category, the unfavorable structural plane, rock stratum of 18.0~20.0m to be excavated
The geological conditions such as trend excavate principle according to " after first soft hard, draining is advanced ", select the half range cavern preferentially to excavate and adopt
The supporting measure taken.
2) half range cavern first unfavorable to Stability of Tunnels carries out excavation supporting, and the half range cavern cross dimensions preferentially excavated needs
Take into account, meet excavation, loading, transport, support apparatus, system anchor bolt length working space demand, it is typically no less than wide × high=
9.0 × 9.0m, the distance that first half range cavern is excavated afterwards in advance by excavation half range cavern are not less than 1.5 times of first digging half range hole diameter.The
One crown layer is excavated using hand air drill with the quick-fried trolley pore-creating of bench drill or using large-scale rock drill quick-fried trolley (such as three arm drilling stagings
Vehicle) pore-creating, periphery implements photoface exploision by design profile line, and periphery hole and other blast holes are designed away from, powder charge, networking by explosion
Control, and country rock situation supporting is regarded immediately following excavation.Under normal circumstances, blast hole aperture is Φ 50mm or Φ 56mm, periphery hole hole
Away from 50~60cm, II, III cyclic advance of class surrounding rock 3.0-3.5m mono-, IV, V cyclic advance of class surrounding rock 0.8-1.5m mono-, week
Marginal ray blast hole uses bamboo chip spaced loading, and by blasters' permit's powder charge, networking, strict implement " three quasi- " explosion system,
Combined bolting and shotcrete regards country rock situation immediately following excavating, in principle Excavation blasting and after the completion of getting rid of the danger, and at least needing to carry out scar, just to spray 5cm thick
Concrete and part system anchor pole then hang steel mesh and gunite concrete to 15~20cm of design thickness by design parameter, are
Unite anchor bolt construction when and notice that vertical with rock stratum angle as far as possible, and according to demand, it is temporary or permanent to bury part for bolthole
The Safety Monitoring Instruments such as convergence gauge, anchor stress, multipoint displacement meter, to monitor surrounding rock of chamber ess-strain situation in time, and
Optimize and revise supporting parameter.
After the completion of half range cavern excavation supporting after first excavate, and meet wrong away from (not less than the 1.5 of first digging half range hole diameter
After requiring again), according to the excavation supporting method for the half range cavern first excavated, start the excavation supporting of rear half range cavern.
First crown layer is that next layer of excavation increases a free face after excavating, and has verified surrounding rock category, formation strike
Equal geological conditions, and stress, effectively influence of the control blasting vibration to country rock are discharged in advance, it excavates it is noted that Excavation blasting parameter
And drilling depth control.
3) after the completion of the first crown layer excavation supporting, second layer half range cavern mistake is sequentially entered away from excavation supporting.Its half range
Cavern's mistake away from distance be not less than 1.5 times of hole diameters, generally 30~50m, to facilitate supporting operation as principle, generally follow " first
It is hard after soft, draining is advanced, half range mistake is closely followed away from, supporting " excavate.Using along the vertical presplitting in advance of two sides abutment wall design profile line,
Then, horizontal artillery salvo thin layer excavation or horizontal artillery salvo thin layer photoface exploision excavation and supporting, thickness of thin layer are 4.0~5.0m.
The half range cavern cross dimensions first excavated take into account excavation, loading, transport, support apparatus, system anchor bolt length working space need
Ask, typically no less than wide × height=9.0 × 9.0m, blast hole aperture be Φ 50mm or Φ 56mm, periphery hole pitch-row 50~
60cm, II, III cyclic advance of class surrounding rock 4.0-4.5m mono-, IV, V cyclic advance of class surrounding rock 1.0-1.5m mono-, abutment wall light are quick-fried
Holes bamboo chip spaced loading sets up sample rack using 1.5 inch scaffolding steel pipes when vertical pore-creating, excavates pore-creating matter to control abutment wall
Amount.
4) second layer " half range " is wrong completes away from excavation supporting, and the layer " half range " that sequentially enters third, the 4th, the ... is wrong away from opening
Dig supporting.The second layer and its following supporting, slag tapping method are carried out referring to first layer.Cavern's bottom plate reserves 1.5m thickness protective layer, protects
Sheath is excavated using photoface exploision, horizontal artillery salvo Blasting Excavation mode, and excavation supporting method is carried out according to step 3).Cavern
Bottom plate reserves 1.5m thickness protective layer, and protective layer is excavated using photoface exploision, horizontal artillery salvo Blasting Excavation mode, is conducive to bottom
Sheet metal forming quality efficiently controls bottom plate out break.
In the present invention, if immediate support is needed to follow excavation closely, left and right " half range " excavate, supporting can plane multi-process it is flat
Row operation, supporting use three arm rock drilling jumbo pore-creating, and hand fit's equipment (such as spray anchor station vehicle or linked network trolley) of ascending a height carries out
Rockbolt installation, slip casting and linked network supporting.
In the present invention, 20t dumper is closed using 3.0m3 loading machine or 1.4m3 backhoe assembly to slag tap, it is anti-using 1.4m3
Shovel carries out cleaning bottom scar, to facilitate subsequent cycle pore-creating, and guarantees excavation quality.
The present invention forms " hard after first soft, draining according to features such as large-span underground chamber structure feature and stress distributions
In advance, half range mistake is closely followed away from, supporting " excavation supporting method, i.e., build principle according to " after first soft hard, draining is advanced ", it is first right
Cavern stablizes unfavorable half range cavern and carries out excavation supporting, then lag it is wrong away from, stay close the other half range cavern of excavation supporting.The technology
Applicability, strong operability substantially increase excavation supporting work efficiency, and ensure that construction safety and excavation quality.
Finally, it is stated that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, although by upper
It states preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be in form
Various changes are made to it in upper and details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of large-span underground chamber half range mistake is away from excavation supporting method, it is characterised in that: specific steps are as follows:
1) according to the required structure feature for excavating underground rock cavern, to geology such as surrounding rock category, unfavorable structural plane, formation strikes
Condition makes judge, according to first soft rear excavation principle hard, draining is advanced, selects the half range preferentially to excavate and the branch taken
Shield measure；
2) unfavorable half range first is stablized to cavern's the first crown layer crown and carries out excavation supporting, then lag it is wrong away from, stay close excavation branch
Other half range is protected, half range cavern is first excavated and excavates the distance of half range cavern afterwards in advance and first excavate half not less than 1.5 times of its hole diameter
Width cavern hole diameter；
3) after the completion of the first crown layer excavation supporting, second layer half range mistake is sequentially entered away from excavation supporting, first excavates half range cavern
The distance of excavation half range cavern is not less than its hole diameter after advanced 1.5 times first excavate half range cavern hole diameter；
4) after the completion of second layer half range mistake is away from excavation supporting, using first layer, the digging mode of the second layer, sequentially enter third,
4th ... until the last layer half range mistake is away from excavation supporting, and cavern's bottom plate reserves 1.5m thickness protective layer, and protective layer uses light
Face explosion, horizontal artillery salvo Blasting Excavation mode are excavated.
2. a kind of large-span underground chamber half range mistake according to claim 1 is away from excavation supporting method, it is characterised in that: hole
The half range cavern cross dimensions of room the first crown floor first excavated need to take into account, meet digging, dress, fortune, support apparatus, system anchor bolt are long
The working space demand of degree, excavated section are not less than width × height=9.0 × 9.0m, and the first crown layer is excavated to be cooperated using hand air drill
Bore quick-fried trolley pore-creating or using the large-scale quick-fried trolley pore-creating of rock drill, photoface exploision is implemented by design profile line in periphery, periphery hole and
Other blast holes, by explosion design control, and regard country rock situation supporting immediately following excavating away from, powder charge, networking, bury part it is interim or
The Safety Monitoring Instruments such as permanent convergence gauge, anchor stress, multipoint displacement meter, to monitor surrounding rock of chamber ess-strain feelings in time
Condition.
3. a kind of large-span underground chamber half range mistake according to claim 1 is away from excavation supporting method, it is characterised in that: if
Need immediate support to follow excavation closely, then the left and right half range cavern excavation of each layer, supporting plane can multi-process parallel operations, supporting use
Three arm rock drilling jumbo pore-creating, hand fit's equipment of ascending a height carry out rockbolt installation, slip casting and linked network supporting.
4. a kind of large-span underground chamber half range mistake according to claim 1 is away from excavation supporting method, it is characterised in that: each
The left and right half range hole of layer closes dumper using loading machine or backhoe assembly and slags tap, and carries out bottom scar cleaning, smooth using backhoe,
To facilitate subsequent cycle pore-creating, and guarantee excavation quality.
5. a kind of large-span underground chamber half range mistake according to claim 1 or 2 is away from excavation supporting method, feature exists
It is excavated in: the second layer and its with lower leaf using thin layer, it is highly 4.0 that excavation height, which need to consider that facilitating equipment pore-creating is principle,
~5.0m first digs 2/3 that half range is cavern's width, and typically no less than 9.0m.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810999079.1A CN109268028A (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2018-08-30 | A kind of large-span underground chamber half range mistake is away from excavation supporting method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810999079.1A CN109268028A (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2018-08-30 | A kind of large-span underground chamber half range mistake is away from excavation supporting method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109268028A true CN109268028A (en) | 2019-01-25 |
Family
ID=65154483
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810999079.1A Pending CN109268028A (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2018-08-30 | A kind of large-span underground chamber half range mistake is away from excavation supporting method |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110821521A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-02-21 | 中铁建大桥工程局集团第五工程有限公司 | Construction method for excavation and support of hydropower station spillway cavern |
| CN111550267A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-08-18 | 中山大学 | Tunnel primary support structure and construction method |
| CN111734421A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-10-02 | 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 | Drilling and splitting excavation construction method |
| CN112065471A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-11 | 中国水利水电第七工程局有限公司 | Excavation construction method for top arch layer of large underground cavern |
| CN116498391A (en) * | 2023-06-29 | 2023-07-28 | 中国水利水电第七工程局有限公司 | Comprehensive early warning and auxiliary decision making method for surrounding rock disasters of underground space |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110821521A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-02-21 | 中铁建大桥工程局集团第五工程有限公司 | Construction method for excavation and support of hydropower station spillway cavern |
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| CN111550267A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-08-18 | 中山大学 | Tunnel primary support structure and construction method |
| CN111550267B (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2021-04-30 | 中山大学 | Tunnel primary support structure and construction method |
| CN111734421A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-10-02 | 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 | Drilling and splitting excavation construction method |
| CN111734421B (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2022-04-05 | 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 | Drilling and splitting excavation construction method |
| CN112065471A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-11 | 中国水利水电第七工程局有限公司 | Excavation construction method for top arch layer of large underground cavern |
| CN116498391A (en) * | 2023-06-29 | 2023-07-28 | 中国水利水电第七工程局有限公司 | Comprehensive early warning and auxiliary decision making method for surrounding rock disasters of underground space |
| CN116498391B (en) * | 2023-06-29 | 2023-09-22 | 中国水利水电第七工程局有限公司 | Comprehensive early warning and auxiliary decision making method for surrounding rock disasters of underground space |
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Application publication date: 20190125 |