CN109267532B - Fish taxis test method and device for fish passing facility import design - Google Patents
Fish taxis test method and device for fish passing facility import design Download PDFInfo
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000029305 taxis Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/006—Arresting, diverting or chasing away fish in water-courses or water intake ducts, seas or lakes, e.g. fish barrages, deterrent devices ; Devices for cleaning fish barriers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K29/00—Other apparatus for animal husbandry
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/02—Hydraulic models
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
- E02B8/085—Devices allowing fish migration, e.g. fish traps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fish taxis test method and a device for design of fish passing facilities import, which comprises a water supply facility, a parallel drainage channel, a fish blocking net connected behind a water supply port, a fish selection area, a floating plate and a tail fish blocking net; the water supply facility is characterized in that a parallel drainage channel is arranged at the downstream of the water supply facility and comprises more than two parallel drainage channels, a water supply port and a water outlet are respectively arranged at the upstream end and the downstream end of each drainage channel, a fish blocking net is connected after the water supply port is arranged at the position, close to the water supply port, of each parallel drainage channel, a fish selection area is arranged at the downstream of the water outlet, a floating plate is arranged on the water surface of the tail end of the fish selection area, and a tail fish blocking net is arranged at the tail water outflow position of the fish. The invention is designed by referring to the main characteristics of the dam multi-outflow working condition, and can provide the most direct data support for the selection of the inlet position of the fish passing facility and the design of the inlet water flow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish passing facilities, and particularly relates to a fish taxis test method and device for design of fish passing facility inlets.
Background
The dam obstructs natural migration channels of the fishes, and has certain influence on the breeding, foraging and overwintering of the fishes. Fish flow upstream is rather its natural habit, generally speaking fish will go up to the downstream end of the physical barrier or flow velocity barrier, and it has been reported that in the early stages of dam construction, the downstream tends to gather a lot of fish, some of which even hit the dam to seek an upstream path. Therefore, it is necessary to construct fish passing facilities, wherein the selection of the inlet position and the inlet design are directly related to the success or failure of the operation, and the water flow rate is considered as the most critical response factor for selecting the fish to enter the inlet. However, the dam underflow field where the fish passing facility inlet is located is complex, different outflows are formed under the dam by power generation tail water, water drainage, ship lock intermittent effluent and the like, and how to select fish from a plurality of outflows becomes the most concerned problem for the design of the fish passing facility.
Compared with the importance, the difficulty of directly observing the fish tropism behavior under the dam is very high, and the achievement is very little. The main reasons are that the observation range of an optical instrument in a turbid flowing water body is extremely limited, acoustic equipment is also extremely difficult to observe in a multi-bubble water body, in addition, a no-navigation area is generally arranged under a dam, great risks exist when ships and personnel are close to the dam for operation, and the direct observation feasibility is not enough.
At present, the fish passing facilities mainly adopt experimental data such as induction flow rate, continuous swimming speed and the like to provide import flow rate design indexes, but the indexes are test data obtained when the fishes swim passively, the active up-tracking requirement of the fishes cannot be reflected, the behavior selection rule of the fishes under the condition of multi-flow rate cannot be reflected, and the guidance of the import flow rate design is not effectively verified.
The fish-passing facility subject is a cross subject and needs cross fusion of multiple subjects of fishery, ecology, hydraulics and water engineering, and a tropism test method developed in the field of traditional fishery cannot be moved to the research of the import flow rate parameters of the fish-passing facility. For example, in the field of fish science, an area enclosed by two cylinders on the inner side and the outer side is divided into a plurality of blocks with the same area, different blocks are illuminated with different colors, the number of the blocks with different colors, which are caused by fish swimming into the blocks with different colors, is tracked, and the phototaxis research of the fish in a static water body is carried out. However, similar cylindrical methods are not suitable for the research of fish tendency, if water pumps with different flow rates are adopted to fill water in each equally divided block of the cylinder, under the working condition of a dynamic water body, the curved side wall of the water body of the annular block of the cylinder can cause complex water conditions such as vortex, turbulence, streaming and the like, the difference of the water inlet flow rate of each block further aggravates the difference of complex flow states among the blocks, multiple water flow factors are mutually interwoven in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, main water flow factors responded by fishes are difficult to extract, the favorite range of the fishes is difficult to accurately obtain, and the quantitative research and implementation are difficult.
In order to obtain the drifting behavior of the fishes which can be applied to the site selection design of the fish passing facilities, the invention extracts the working condition characteristics of the dam multi-water-flow outlets, provides the test device and the test method for the parallel arrangement of the outlets with different flow velocities, counts the frequency and the number of the fishes actively tracing upwards into the water flow outlets in the downstream selection area, comprehensively analyzes the selection rule of the fishes on the flow velocities, and provides effective technical support for the position selection of the fish passing facility inlets and the flow velocity design.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fish flow tendency test device for the design of an inlet of a fish passing facility. The testing device has high reduction degree to actual working conditions, has stronger operability in field development and has important engineering application value.
The invention also aims to provide a fish taxis test method for fish passing facility design, which is used for testing behavior selection of fish under a competitive outflow working condition and can provide most direct and effective data support for fish passing facility inlet site selection and inlet flow rate design. The test environment factor is easy to control, the measurement is scientific, and the operation is simple and convenient.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical measures:
a fish tendency test device for design of fish passing facilities inlet comprises a water supply facility, a parallel drainage channel, a fish blocking net connected behind a water supply port, a fish selection area, a floating plate and a tail fish blocking net; the water supply facility is characterized in that a parallel drainage channel is arranged at the downstream of the water supply facility and comprises more than two parallel drainage channels, a water supply port and a water outlet are respectively arranged at the upstream end and the downstream end of each drainage channel, a fish blocking net is connected after the water supply port is arranged at the position, close to the water supply port, of each parallel drainage channel, a fish selection area is arranged at the downstream of the water outlet, a floating plate is arranged on the water surface of the tail end of the fish selection area, and a tail fish blocking net is arranged at the tail water outflow position of the fish.
Preferably, if the incoming flow at the upstream of the water supply facility is natural flow water supply, the water supply facility is a reservoir taking natural flow as a water source, the parallel continuous drainage channels are continuous open channels, and the water supply port is communicated with the reservoir and the continuous open channels; if the upstream incoming flow is mechanical flow, the water supply facility is a water pump, a water flow accelerator or a rotary propeller, and the parallel continuous drainage channel is a continuous open channel or a pipeline.
Preferably, the wall surface of the parallel continuous drainage channel is in black and white stripe color, so that the rejection to a light-colored wall is avoided by utilizing the standard retention of fishes, and the test result is influenced.
Preferably, the length of the parallel continuous drainage channel is more than 3-5 times of the flow speed water head and the width of the water channel, so that the water flow is ensured to flow out smoothly; the width of each water channel of the parallel continuous drainage channels is larger than the sum of the widths of the tested fish bodies, so that the fishes can completely enter the selected continuous drainage channels; the height of the parallel continuous drainage channels is greater than the maximum water depth and has a safety superelevation of 0.5m, and mutual influence among the continuous drainage channels caused by water surface fluctuation and fish jumping is avoided.
Preferably, an inserting plate, a flower wall or a wide top weir is further arranged behind the tail fish blocking net so as to control the water level.
Preferably, the test device further comprises a camera device arranged above the device region for observing the fish entering and exiting conditions.
Preferably, after the fish for test use adopts the radio frequency marker, a water channel section radio frequency marker signal receiving frame is installed at a position, approximately one time of the full length of the fish, in the parallel continuous drainage channel, away from the water outlet, and a water outlet radio frequency marker signal receiving frame is installed at the water outlet.
In the invention, a water channel section radio frequency marking signal receiving frame is arranged at the upstream of the parallel continuous drainage channel, which is about one time of the full length of the fish from the water outlet, and a water outlet radio frequency marking signal receiving frame is arranged at the water outlet, so that the time of the fish passing through the radio frequency marking signal receiving frame is automatically recorded, and the in-out condition of the fish is conveniently counted. When the radio frequency signal of a certain fish is detected by the radio frequency marking signal receiving frame of the water outlet and the radio frequency marking signal receiving frame of the water channel section in sequence, the fish is judged to enter the water channel; and when the radio frequency signal of a certain fish is detected by the radio frequency marking signal receiving frame of the water channel section and the radio frequency marking signal receiving frame of the water outlet in sequence, the fish is judged to leave the water channel.
The invention also provides a fish taxis test method for the design of the fish passing facility inlet, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: water with different flow rates is respectively supplied to the water supply port, flows into the corresponding water channel, is converged into the fish selection area after passing through the water outlet of the water channel, and finally flows out through the tail fish blocking fence to form a fish taxis test flow field environment;
step 2: putting the fish to be tested into a fish selection area;
and step 3: the behavior and the spatiotemporal distribution state of the fish are observed and recorded.
Preferably, the step 1 is that the water is supplied to the water supply ports through a water supply facility, the water supply facility is a reservoir, a water pump, a water flow accelerator or a propeller, the water supply flow rates of the water supply ports are different, different flow rates are formed at the water outlet ports after the water flows through the water channel, and the flow rate of the water outlet port is within the range of 0.1-2 m/s.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) the method takes the dam multi-outflow working condition as a template, extracts the typical flow velocity working condition, tests the tendency behavior of the fishes under the competitive water flow condition, quantitatively obtains the favorite flow velocity selection of the fishes during active swimming, analyzes and predicts the migration path of the fishes under the dam by analogy, and provides effective technical support for inlet water flow, fish luring measures, multi-inlet design and the like. In addition, the circadian rhythm of the fish can be obtained, a running time suggestion is provided for the fish passing facilities types which pass the fish discontinuously, such as a fish elevator, a fish collecting and transporting system and the like, and the method is an effective research method for solving the problem of difficult design of the import of the current fish passing facilities;
(2) compared with a cylinder tropism test method in the field of biology, the method is mainly suitable for fish taxis test, can be mainly applied to fish facility engineering, and effectively extracts actual outflow characteristics for control, measurement and factor quantity value differentiation of water flow factors. Compared with the prior art that passive swimming test data such as the fish induced flow velocity, the current restraining capacity and the like are used as design parameters of an inlet, the method highly simulates the actual working condition of excessive outflow of the cross section under the dam, reduces the active swimming behavior of the fish, better fits the actual application scene of the fish passing facility, has more convincing test results, is more accurate in prediction of the migration path of the fish, and has higher application value;
(3) the method is adopted to test the tendency test of the percocypris pingi, and the result shows that: when no predation target appears, the percypris tends to search a small flow velocity region to go up, but when the flow velocity is small and close to the induction flow velocity, the flow velocity tends to be reduced; in the experiment, weever carps are in a non-breeding period, do not find predation targets and do not need to escape from enemies, so that the weever carps do not like to swim in a flow velocity zone exceeding the continuous swimming speed. The result of the test of the taxis is basically consistent with the fish taxis predicted according to the swimming ability test, and the behavioral mechanism analysis and verification can be carried out from the aspects of biological characteristics, ecological habits and the like of the percypris. Therefore, the taxis test developed by the method can more effectively know the behavior selection rule of the fishes on the flow velocity, and provide technical support for the design of key parts such as the fish passing facility inlet and the like;
(4) at present, methods selected in the design of fish passing facilities are all indirectly supported and are not verified in effectiveness. Wherein: the fish swimming experiment adopts passive swimming to test the induction flow rate of the fish, the capability of the fish to overcome the flow rate, the oxygen consumption index and the blood index of the fish, and indirectly provides the favorite flow rate range suggestion of the fish; the device and the method for testing the selection of the fish on the external factors change the water outlet flow rate at different time and under different working conditions, record the behavior and the distribution state of the fish, and do not directly simulate the behavior selection of the fish under the competitive water flow condition. The invention takes the dam multi-outflow working condition as a template, extracts the typical flow speed working condition, directly designs the upstream path selection of the fish near the multi-flow speed outlet under the dam, has high analog degree of the dam outflow working condition, and has higher reference value for the flow speed design and position selection of the fish passing facility inlet.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fish-induced streaming experiment device applied to an inlet design of a fish passing facility;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a fish-based experimental device for fish-based aquataxis designed for use in an inlet of a fish-passing facility;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a graph of open channel flow pattern for a test of rheotaxis;
in the figure: 1. the device comprises a water supply facility, 2, parallel drainage channels, 3, a water supply port, 4, a water outlet, 5, a fish blocking net connected behind the water supply port, 6, a fish selection area, 7, a floating plate, 8, a tail fish blocking net, 9, a channel section radio frequency tag signal receiving frame, and 10, a water outlet radio frequency tag signal receiving frame.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention and are merely examples. While the invention will be described in further detail by way of specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the fish taxis test device for the design of the fish passing facility inlet comprises a water supply facility 1, a parallel drainage channel 2, a fish blocking net 5 connected behind a water supply port, a fish selection area 6, a floating plate 7 and a tail fish blocking net 8; wherein, the low reaches of water supply facility 1 set up parallel row water course 2 even, and parallel row water course 2 even includes two above water courses of parallel arrangement, and the upper reaches end and the low reaches end of every water course set up water supply mouth 3 and delivery port 4 respectively, and the well upper reaches of parallel row water course 2 are equipped with and connect fish blocking net 5 behind the water supply mouth, and delivery port 4 low reaches set up fish selection district 6, and 6 tail end water surfaces of fish selection district establish floating plate 7, and 6 tail water outflows department installation afterbody fish blocking nets 8 in fish selection district.
In the test device, if the upstream incoming flow is supplied with water by natural flow, the water supply facility 1 is a reservoir taking the natural flow as a water source, the parallel continuous drainage channel 2 is a continuous drainage open channel, and the water supply port 3 is communicated with the reservoir and the open channel; if the upstream incoming flow is mechanical flow, the water supply facility 1 is a water pump, a water flow accelerator or rotary slurry, and the parallel water drainage channel 2 is a continuous open channel or a pipeline.
The wall surface of the parallel continuous drainage channel 2 is black and white stripe color, so that the rejection to a light-colored wall is avoided by utilizing the standard retention property of fishes, and the test result is influenced.
The length of the parallel continuous drainage channel 2 is more than 3-5 times of the flow speed water head and the width of the water channel, so that the water flow is ensured to flow out smoothly; the width of each water channel of the parallel continuous drainage channels 2 is larger than the sum of the widths of the tested fish bodies, so that the fishes can completely enter the selected continuous drainage channels; the height of the parallel continuous drainage channels 2 is greater than the maximum water depth and has a safety superelevation of 0.5m, and mutual influence among the continuous drainage channels caused by water surface fluctuation and fish jumping is avoided.
And an inserting plate, a flower wall or a wide top weir is arranged behind the tail fish blocking net 8 so as to control the water level.
The testing device also comprises a camera device arranged above the device area and used for observing the in-out situation of the fishes.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, when the fish for testing uses the radio frequency tag, a water channel section radio frequency tag signal receiving frame 9 is installed at a position, which is approximately one time of the full length of the fish, in the parallel continuous drainage channel 2 from the water outlet, and a water outlet radio frequency tag signal receiving frame 10 is installed at the water outlet 4.
In the invention, a water channel section radio frequency marking signal receiving frame 9 is arranged at the position, which is approximately one time of the full length of the fish, in the parallel continuous drainage channel 2 from the water outlet, and a water outlet radio frequency marking signal receiving frame 10 is arranged at the position of the water outlet 4, so that the time of the fish passing through the radio frequency marking signal receiving frame is automatically recorded, and the in-out state of the fish is conveniently counted. When the water outlet radio frequency tag signal receiving frame 10 and the water channel section radio frequency tag signal receiving frame 9 detect the radio frequency signal of a certain fish in sequence, the fish is judged to enter the water channel; and when the radio frequency signal of a certain fish is detected by the water channel section radio frequency tag signal receiving frame 9 and the water outlet radio frequency tag signal receiving frame 10 successively, the fish is judged to leave the water channel.
Example 2
Step 1: supply water to four water supply ports through the water supply facility to different flows get into corresponding water course, four water course water supply port punishment in velocity of flow be A respectively: 0.16m/s, B: 0.25m/s, C: 0.59m/s, D: 0.41 m/s; the flow rate at the water outlet is A: 0.10m/s, B: 0.14m/s, C: 0.27m/s, D: 0.19 m/s. Water flows out of a water outlet of the water channel and then flows into the fish selection area, and finally flows out through the tail fish blocking grid to form a fish taxis test flow field environment;
step 2: putting the percocypris pingi marked by the radio frequency to be tested into a fish selection area;
and step 3: observing and recording behaviors and distribution states of the percocypris pingi through the camera device and the radio frequency tag signal receiving frame.
The method is adopted to test the tendency of percypris in Anning river of Segchang Yajiangjiang tribute, and the statistics of the tendency result are as follows:
and (4) counting the receiving position and time of the radio frequency marking signal, calculating the number (seconds and tails) of the accumulated fish entering the continuous drainage channel, and randomly sampling the entering and exiting results of the part to perform video playback verification. The results were: the cumulative fish entering amount of the channel B is the largest and accounts for 55.24% of the total activity of the four channels; the proportion of A channel is 28.24%; channel D is 14.09%; channel C is the least and accounts for 1.82% of the total activity of four channels. The analysis of the binding flow rate gave: the suction rate of the water outlet is that the outlet flow velocity is 0.14m/s, the outlet flow velocity is 0.10m/s, the outlet flow velocity is 0.19m/s, and the outlet flow velocity is 0.27 m/s. Perciformes prefer to swim continuously in the region of 0.10-0.41 m/s, and less prefer to swim continuously around the flow velocity of 0.59 m/s.
In addition, in order to obtain the value range of the taxis result in the swimming capacity, the induction flow rate and the critical swimming speed of the fish are tested by utilizing the traditional fish swimming capacity testing water tank. The swimming speed results of percocypris pingi were: the induction flow rate is 0.05-0.08 m/s; the critical swimming speed is 0.38-0.93 m/s; the 80% critical swimming speed is considered as the upper limit value of the continuous swimming speed of the fishes, and is in the range of 0.30-0.74 m/s, and the median is 0.58 m/s.
Comparing the result of the test of the rheotaxis with the result of the test of the swimming ability, and the result analysis shows that: (1) perciformis is carnivorous fish and is characterized by small continuous swimming speed and large outbreak speed. When no predation target appears, the perci tends to search a small flow velocity region to go up, but when the flow velocity is small to be close to the induction flow velocity, the flow velocity is reduced. (2) In the experiment, weever carps are in a non-breeding period, do not find predation targets and do not need to escape from enemies, so that the weever carps do not like to swim in a flow velocity zone exceeding the continuous swimming speed. The result of the test of the taxis is basically consistent with the fish taxis predicted according to the swimming ability test.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A fish tendency test device for design of fish passing facilities inlets is characterized by comprising a water supply facility (1), a drainage channel (2) connected in parallel, a fish blocking net (5) connected behind a water supply port, a fish selection area (6), a floating plate (7) and a tail fish blocking net (8); the water supply device comprises a water supply facility (1), a water supply device, a water outlet device, a fish blocking net (5), a fish selection area (6) arranged at the downstream of the water outlet device (4), a floating plate (7) arranged on the water surface at the tail end of the fish selection area (6), and a tail fish blocking net (8) arranged at the tail water outflow position of the fish selection area (6), wherein the downstream of the water supply device (1) is provided with a parallel drainage channel (2), the parallel drainage channel (2) consists of more than two parallel drainage channels, the upstream end and the downstream end of each drainage channel are respectively provided with a water supply port (3) and a water outlet (4), the water supply port is arranged at the position; the wall surface of the parallel continuous drainage channel (2) is black and white stripe color; the length of the parallel continuous drainage channel (2) is more than 3-5 times of the flow speed water head and the channel width; the width of each water channel of the parallel continuous drainage water channels (2) is larger than the sum of the widths of the tested fish bodies; the height of the parallel continuous drainage channel (2) is more than 0.5m of the maximum water depth; the testing device also comprises a camera device arranged above the device area; when the fish for test adopts the radio frequency marker, a water channel section radio frequency marker signal receiving frame (9) is arranged at the position, which is approximately one time of the full length of the fish, in the parallel drainage channel (2) and is away from the water outlet, and a water outlet radio frequency marker signal receiving frame (10) is arranged at the position of the water outlet (4).
2. The fish-based aquataxis test apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: if the incoming flow of the upstream of the water supply facility (1) is natural flow water supply, the water supply facility (1) is a reservoir taking natural flow as a water source, the parallel continuous drainage channel (2) is a continuous drainage open channel, and the water supply port (3) is communicated with the reservoir and the open channel; if the upstream incoming flow is mechanical flow, the water supply facility (1) is a water pump, a water flow accelerator or a rotary propeller, and the parallel continuous drainage channel (2) is a continuous drainage open channel or a pipeline.
3. The fish-based aquataxis test apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: and a plugboard, a flower wall or a wide top weir is arranged behind the tail fish blocking net (8).
4. A method for performing a fish chemotaxis test using the fish chemotaxis test apparatus defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
step 1: water with different flow rates is respectively supplied to the water supply port (3), flows into a corresponding water channel, is converged into the fish selection area (6) after passing through a water outlet of the water channel, and finally flows out through the tail fish blocking net (8) to form a fish taxis test flow field environment;
step 2: placing the fish to be tested in a fish selection area (6);
and step 3: the behavior and the spatiotemporal distribution state of the fish are observed and recorded.
5. The method for fish chemotaxis assay according to claim 4, wherein: in the step 1, the measure of supplying water to the water supply ports is through a water supply facility, the water supply facility is a reservoir, a water pump, a water flow accelerator or a rotary propeller, the water supply flow of the plurality of water supply ports is different, different flow velocities are formed at the plurality of water outlet ports after flowing through the water channel, and the flow velocity of the water outlet ports is within the range of 0.1-2 m/s.
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