CN109243939B - Low-power consumption high response speed circuit protection device - Google Patents
Low-power consumption high response speed circuit protection device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109243939B CN109243939B CN201810982439.7A CN201810982439A CN109243939B CN 109243939 B CN109243939 B CN 109243939B CN 201810982439 A CN201810982439 A CN 201810982439A CN 109243939 B CN109243939 B CN 109243939B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- conductor
- power consumption
- protection device
- response speed
- circuit protection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011540 sensing material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001006 Constantan Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000896 Manganin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000006670 Multiple fractures Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
Abstract
The low-power consumption high-response speed circuit protection device comprises an insulating shell and a conductor penetrating through the insulating shell, and is characterized in that the detection unit is connected to the conductor; the action unit comprises a current limiting element and an action element which are connected in series; the action unit is connected with the detection unit in parallel; the action element is arranged in a cavity opposite to the electric conductor; when the protected main circuit is overloaded, the voltage at two ends of the detection unit and the action unit connected in parallel with the detection unit is rapidly increased, and the action element is triggered to act to cut off the electric conductor to disconnect the main circuit. The structure has strong overload resistance, rapid breaking, low temperature rise power consumption and high reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power circuit protection, fuses and circuit breaker functions.
Background
The existing fuse relies on the melt to melt/evaporate a specific part of the conductor through current heating to break the circuit, and a plurality of serial breaks are often generated by using a variable cross section or other modes to improve breaking voltage, especially in a circuit system with larger current (such as more than tens of amperes) and higher voltage (such as more than 200V). And a plurality of fractures need to be connected in series, a certain interval length is needed between the fractures (otherwise, the fractures are connected in series to form a fracture), the resistance of the structure of the multiple fractures is large, the energy consumption is increased greatly, and the resistance current and the breaking current are heated and melted and all originate from the current flowing through the fuse.
After the melt fracture of the existing fuse is generated, the extinction of the electric arc depends on the fact that the metal material at the narrow neck is melted/evaporated through the heating of current, so that an electric gap is lengthened, and the arc extinguishing medium is utilized for extinction of the arc. The problem that the low-power overload current needs a long time to accumulate heat for action, the time is too long and the arc extinguishing medium is excessively heated, so that the breaking arc extinguishing is unreliable or difficult to break is caused, and the problem is particularly remarkable for a direct current circuit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the low-power-consumption high-response-speed protection device, which can not only meet the requirement of tolerating overload and impact with certain strength, but also provide a very fast breaking speed (a few milliseconds), and can meet the requirements of miniaturization and low power consumption while ensuring reliable breaking.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is that the low-power-consumption high-response-speed circuit protection device comprises an insulating shell and a conductor penetrating through the insulating shell, and is characterized in that the detection unit is connected to the conductor; the action unit comprises a current limiting element and an action element which are connected in series; the action unit is connected with the detection unit in parallel; the action element is arranged in a cavity opposite to the electric conductor; when the protected loop is overloaded, the voltage at two ends of the detection unit and the action unit connected in parallel with the detection unit is rapidly increased, and the action element is triggered to act to cut off the electric conductor to disconnect the main circuit.
The electric conductor at one side of the action element is provided with a weak point of structural strength, A cavity for accommodating the disconnection falling of the electric conductor is arranged on the shell below the weak point of the structural strength of the electric conductor.
And a plurality of grid-shaped structures for cooling and isolating the electric arcs are arranged in the cavity.
On the side of the cavity containing the conductor a limited pressure filter is arranged on the shell.
The pressure limiting filter device comprises an exhaust hole arranged on the side wall of the shell, and a pressure maintaining diaphragm and a filter screen are arranged in the exhaust hole.
At least one arc extinguishing fuse is connected in parallel to two ends of the weak point of the structural strength of the conductor at one side of the action element.
When the detection unit does not have the protection shell and the arc extinguishing medium, at least one arc extinguishing fuse is required to be connected in parallel at two ends of the detection unit.
The current limiting element is one or more of a fuse, a thin wire or a low-melting-point metal wire.
The detection unit is a detection conductive structure which can be disconnected or has a larger resistance under overload of a protected loop.
The detection unit comprises two conductive connection rows, and the connection ends of the two connection rows are connected through a variable-section conductor, low-melting-point metal, positive temperature coefficient material or conductive memory metal;
through holes are arranged at the narrowest part of the connection part of the variable-section conductor at intervals.
And metallurgical effect points composed of low-melting-point metals are arranged on the surface of the variable-section conductor.
The detection unit comprises two conductive connection rows, insulation salient points are respectively arranged on the connection surfaces of the two connection rows, the periphery of each insulation salient point is coated with low-melting-point conductive metal, the connection surfaces of the two connection rows are overlapped and butted, and the connection surfaces are connected through the low-melting-point conductive metal at the insulation salient points.
The detection unit comprises two conductive connecting rows, the connecting surfaces of the two connecting rows are overlapped and connected through low-melting-point conductive metal, and an insulating limiting device is arranged on the connecting surface of one connecting row in overlapped and butt joint.
The detection unit is provided with a protective shell.
The protective housing is filled with an arc extinguishing medium.
The action element is an electric triggering gas generating device, the gas generating device comprises two lead terminals and a pyrotechnic composition chamber, one ends of the two lead terminals are connected through an electric heating wire or electrodes which are close to each other are arranged at the end parts of the two lead terminals; the other end is respectively connected with one end of the current limiting element and one end of the detection unit; the heating wire end or the electrode end of the lead terminal is arranged in the smoke powder chamber.
A piston is arranged in a cavity between the gas generating device and the electric conductor, and the space between the piston and the gas generating device is a sealing space; and a piston limiting structure is arranged in the cavity.
The action element is fixed on the insulating shell through a cover plate.
A temperature sensing device is arranged at the joint end of the arc extinguishing fuse, the temperature sensing device is in an insulating state at normal temperature, and the temperature sensing device is conducted when the temperature is overload; the temperature sensing devices are connected in a designated sequence through the difference of the distance between the temperature sensing devices and the heating point or the melting point of the insulating temperature sensing material.
The temperature sensing device comprises two electric conductors, and a pressing device is arranged on one of the electric conductors; an insulating temperature sensing material is arranged between the conductors; the insulating temperature sensing material is in an insulating solid state at normal temperature, and is melted when the temperature is overload, and the two conductors can be connected under the action of the pressing device.
The weak point of the structural strength of the conductor is at least one groove penetrating through the width of the conductor at intervals on the upper surface or the lower surface of the conductor.
The groove is in a U-shaped, V-shaped or trapezoid structure.
The weak point of the structural strength of the conductor is that the conductor is broken into two parts, the connecting surfaces of the broken two parts of the conductor are overlapped and butted up and down, and the connecting surfaces of the upper and lower overlapped and butted up and down are fixed through welding spots, bonding or riveting.
The weak point of the structural strength of the conductor is that the conductor is broken into two parts, a gap is reserved between the two broken parts of the conductor, and the upper part or the lower part of the gap is fixedly connected through welding spots, bonding and riveting through a conductive connection row.
The weak point of the structural strength of the conductor is that the conductor is broken into two parts, a gap is reserved between the two broken parts, and a conductive connection row is crimped above the gap.
An arc extinguishing gate and an airflow guide baffle plate are arranged in a cavity below the weak point of the structural strength of the conductor, and the voltage limiting filter device is positioned on the side wall of the insulating shell at one side of the arc extinguishing gate.
The circuit protection device is connected into the main loop through the conductor, and when the main loop is overloaded/short-circuited, the voltage at two ends of the detection unit is caused to rise rapidly, and the direct driving action unit generates huge impact force to impact the weak point of the structural strength of the conductor, so that the conductor is disconnected at the weak position, and the main circuit is disconnected. The arc is extinguished by the arc extinguishing device (arc extinguishing of the arc extinguishing fuse, arc extinguishing of the arc extinguishing grid plate and gas blowing-off of the arc). And the signal detection, circuit cut-off and arc extinction are all completed by a special device. The anti-overload capacity is strong, the breaking is rapid, low temperature rise power consumption and high reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the appearance structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the longitudinal sectional structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the upper case removed according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the motion unit of the present invention after motion.
Fig. 5, a schematic view of the longitudinal cross-section of the invention with a piston.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a temperature sensing device.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the detecting unit.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the detection unit.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the detection unit.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the detection unit.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the detection unit.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of weak points of various structural strengths of the electric conductor.
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a gas generator.
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a gas generator.
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a gas generator.
Detailed Description
The above technical solution, the preferred embodiments are now described in detail with reference to the drawings. The invention relates to a low-power-consumption high-response-speed circuit protection device which mainly comprises a shell, a conductor, a detection unit and an action unit, wherein the shell is provided with a circuit protection circuit.
Referring to fig. 1, the housing 10 is made of an insulating material. Conductors (20, 21) penetrating both ends of the housing (10) are provided between the housings, and a gap is left between the conductors (20, 21). The parts of the electric conductors outside the two sides of the shell are provided with connecting holes for connecting with an external main circuit. In fig. 2 and 3, the upper case 11 above the electric conductor is provided with a cavity for accommodating the detection unit 31 and the operation detection circuit, and a cavity for accommodating the operation unit. The detecting unit 31 is provided at the gap between the conductors 20, 21 and is connected to each of them, and detects a change in current/voltage, and both ends of the detecting unit 31 are connected to the operating units via leads 42, 43. Two connecting terminals are arranged on the side edges of the electric conductors at the two ends of the detection unit at intervals, and in the embodiment, the connecting terminals and the electric conductors are of an integrated structure. The arc extinguishing fuse 62 is connected to the connection terminal, that is, the detection unit 31 is connected in parallel with the arc extinguishing fuse 62. When the detection unit has an arc extinguishing function, the arc extinguishing fuse 62 may be omitted. The detection unit, the arc extinguishing fuse 62, the fuse 71, the wires (42, 43) are mostly located in the same cavity of the upper housing. The arc extinguishing fuse 62 is used for extinguishing an arc generated by the detection unit in the process of forming a fracture; the arc suppressing fuse 62 may be located inside the case or outside the case. The chamber in which the action unit is positioned and the chamber in which the detection unit is positioned are adjacently arranged but are not communicated, and the leads (42, 43) penetrate through the side walls of the two adjacent chambers and are respectively connected with corresponding parts.
The detection unit 31 has a structure of a variable cross-section conductor sealing structure. Referring to fig. 7, the variable cross-section conductor 093 is a variable cross-section structure with a gradually decreasing cross-section width, and is disposed at the connection position of the conductive connection rows (091, 092) and is electrically connected with the conductive connection rows, and the connection manner includes, but is not limited to, welding, crimping and elastic connection. The variable cross-section conductor 093 is fused by heating a portion of which the cross section is smaller after the overload/short-circuit current is applied. In order to improve the performance of the device, a plurality of through holes are arranged at the narrowest part of the variable-section conductor at intervals. The detection unit is connected with the electric conductor through the connection row. For better heating and fusing, a low-melting-point metal layer 111 may be further disposed on the surface of the variable-section conductor 93, and the low-melting-point metal includes but is not limited to tin, lead, bismuth, and alloys of the above metals and other metals, which function to form a metallurgical effect point with the variable-section conductor 093, reduce the melting point and increase the resistance. For better arc extinction, the connection of the connection bars (091, 092) to the variable-section conductor 093 is arranged in the housing 094, and the housing 094 is filled with an arc extinction medium for arc extinction. In this way, the connection rows (091, 092) and the variable-section conductor 093 with the housing and the arc extinguishing medium filled therein can be regarded as a melt, and the connection rows (091, 092) and the variable-section conductor 093 with the housing and the arc extinguishing medium filled therein can be regarded as a fuse-like structure, but do not take on a fusing function as a detecting unit. That is, the detection unit may be a melt, and may be a fuse-like structure. When the current is overloaded, the detection unit fuses or the resistance suddenly increases, and an electric signal is provided for the action unit to drive the action unit to act. When the detecting unit is melt and does not have an arc extinguishing function, an arc extinguishing fuse or an arc extinguishing device is connected in parallel on one side of the detecting unit for arc extinguishing.
Signal triggering can also be achieved by providing low melting point metal as a connection at the junction of the connection rows. Referring to fig. 8, an insulating bump 153 is disposed at the connection surface of two connection rows (151, 152), and then the connection rows (151, 152) are connected by coating a low melting point metal 154 on the outer periphery of the insulating bump, and when the current/voltage increases, the low melting point metal melts and flows away, and then the insulating bump 153 contacts under the action of gravity (or under the action of external spring force or other acting forces), so as to realize disconnection. The structure shown in fig. 9 may be adopted, wherein the low-melting-point metal bumps 163 are provided on the connection surfaces of the two connection rows (161, 162) so that the two low-melting-point metal bumps are butted with each other, and the insulating stopper 164 is provided on the connection row 161 on the low-melting-point metal side. When the current/voltage increases, after the low-melting-point metal melts and collapses, the connection row 161 acts downwards under the action of gravity (or the action of external spring force or other acting forces), and the insulation limiting block 164 abuts against the connection row 162, so that the connection row 161 and the connection row 162 are disconnected, and disconnection is realized.
The structure of fig. 10 is also possible, and the low-melting metal 173 is used for directly connecting the two ends of the connecting rows (171, 172) to realize disconnection after overload/short-circuit current is loaded; or the structure of fig. 11, the positive temperature coefficient material 183 is used to directly connect the two ends of the connection rows (181, 182). The temperature rise detection structure increases in resistance when the current increases, or the heat generated by the current burns out the filler. Causing the sensing structure to open or the resistance to suddenly increase. Low melting point metal materials include, but are not limited to, tin, lead, bismuth, and alloys of the above metals with other metals. Positive temperature coefficient materials include, but are not limited to, constantan, manganin, and the like alloy materials and thermal sensitive ceramic materials.
The detection unit may also be that the two electrical conductors are connected by some form of shape memory metal. When the current is lower than the set value, the memory metal shape is satisfied to connect and conduct the two conductors, when the current is larger, the memory metal temperature is increased, the metal shape is restored to the shape of the high temperature state, the two conductors are separated, and the two conductors are disconnected. In a normal state, the memory metal shape is communicated with the connection rows, and when the protected circuit is overloaded and the memory metal is in a high-temperature state, the memory metal shape meets the requirement of disconnecting the two connection rows. The structure of each detection unit can be used singly or in combination as required.
An action unit comprising a current limiting element 71 and an action element 41 connected in series; the series-connected current limiting element and action element are connected with the detection unit in parallel; one end of the detection unit is connected with one end of the action element, and the other end of the detection unit is connected with one end of the current limiting element; the action element is arranged at one end of the cavity opposite to the conductor; when the circuit to be protected is overloaded, that is, when the current/voltage is overloaded, the detection unit is disconnected or the resistance is increased, so that the current between the lead terminals of the action element is instantaneously increased to trigger the action element to act, and the electric conductor is disconnected from the main circuit. The arc extinguishing fuse 62 is connected in parallel with the detecting unit, and a circuit in which the current limiting element and the operating element are connected in series is connected to both ends of the arc extinguishing fuse and the detecting unit in parallel, respectively. In the present embodiment, the current limiting element 71 is a fuse, and a thin wire (thin wire refers to a wire thinner than a connection wire) or a low melting point metal wire may be used instead. The actuating element 41 is disposed at one end of the chamber adjacent to the chamber where the detecting unit is located, and is fixed on the insulating housing through the cover 12 and the chamber where the detecting unit is located. The actuating element may also be secured to the insulating housing by adhesive, threads or other means. The electric conductor is arranged below the cavity where the action element is arranged, and the cavity for the electric conductor to fall off is formed in the shell below the electric conductor below the action element. The cavity is a cavity, and a compressive insulating material can be arranged in the cavity, so that when the electric conductor falls, the compressive insulating material is impacted, the falling impact force can be relieved, and the shell is protected. A weak point 23 of structural strength is provided on the electrical conductor below the chamber in which the actuating element is located. The weak point 23 of structural strength can be in the form of one or more breaking grooves formed on or under the conductor, respectively, and the breaking grooves can be in the form of U-shape, V-shape, trapezoid or other structures, as shown in fig. 12. The broken conductors can be overlapped up and down, the connection strength is reduced through welding spot connection, the broken conductors can be formed in a gap between the broken surfaces, then the broken surfaces are connected through connecting plates, and the connecting plates and the conductors are connected through welding to reduce the connection strength of the conductors. The black dots at the broken connection of the figure are welding spots. Or a connecting plate is arranged on the disconnection gap, and the connecting plate is pressed at the disconnection gap by a spring so that the disconnection of the conductor is reduced in connection strength. The purpose of the weak points of the structural strength of the various structures of the electric conductor is to reduce the connection strength of the electric conductor under the condition that the connection conduction of the electric conductor is satisfied in a normal state, so that the electric conductor is easy to break at the weak points of the structural strength of the electric conductor when unexpected faults occur.
An arc extinguishing fuse 61 is connected in parallel to one side of the structural strength weak point 23 of the conductor. One arc extinguishing fuse 61 may be connected in parallel, or a plurality of arc extinguishing fuses may be connected in parallel as needed. The arc extinguishing fuse 61 functions to extinguish an arc at a weak point fracture of the strength of the conductor. The arc suppressing fuse may be dispensed with, for example, when the arc energy is small or the current/voltage triggering action unit is acting fast enough. At the connection points of both ends of the arc extinguishing fuses 61, 62, an insulating temperature sensing point is provided, and a temperature sensing device 63 is provided at the insulating temperature sensing point. Referring to fig. 6, the temperature sensing device 63 includes a conductor 631, and is of a flat plate structure, a conductive contact block 632 is disposed above the conductor, and an insulating temperature sensing material 633 is disposed between the conductor 631 and the conductive contact block 632 to insulate each other. The insulating temperature sensing material is solid at normal temperature, and can be melted or gasified after the temperature reaches a certain value (including points not limited to most thermoplastic plastics and hydrocarbon substances). A spring 634 is provided above the conductive contact block 632, and a housing is provided around the conductive contact block and the spring, and the spring is in a compressed state at normal temperature. A wire 635 that can be connected to the outside is connected to the top end of the conductive pad. The temperature sensing devices at the insulated temperature sensing points are connected through wires.
When the current becomes large, the temperature of the temperature sensing device rises to the temperature at which the insulating temperature sensing material melts or gasifies, and at the moment, the conductive contact block is pressed back downwards under the action of the spring, so that the conductive contact block is in close contact with the conductor, and a corresponding circuit is connected. The temperature sensing device 63 is normally in an insulated state. Therefore, when the device works normally, no current passes through the arc extinguishing circuit and the action trigger circuit, so that the safety of the device is ensured (the temperature sensing point can be added in the action unit circuit). By adjusting the distance between the insulated temperature sensing point and the heating position and the difference of the melting points of the insulating fillers, each arc extinguishing loop is connected according to the preset optimal sequence. The temperature sensing device can also be that the temperature sensing film is connected with the conductor in the shell after being coated between the two conductors, or the temperature sensing film is arranged between the conductor and the conductor of the shell. Under normal state, the temperature sensing film is in an insulating state, so that the loop is not conducted, and when the temperature is high, the temperature sensing film is in a conducting state, so that the loop is conducted.
The actuating element 41 is a current/voltage triggered gas generator, see fig. 4, which, when a certain current/voltage is input at the input end, the internal substances react rapidly to generate a great amount of high-pressure gas, and directly break or push the mass block to break the preset weak point 23 of the structural strength of the conductor, so that the broken conductor falls down into the cavity 13 in the lower housing. The chamber 13 may be filled with a compressible insulating material, such as a fiberglass material, so that when the electrical conductor breaks down into the chamber 13, there is a cushioning force that does not impact the lower housing.
The gas generating device generally comprises a combustion chamber in which two lead terminals (201, 202) are arranged, and a pyrotechnic charge chamber 203, the function of which is to burn at a certain temperature to produce a quantity of gas, which is close to the heating wire or electrode. The pyrotechnic charge includes, but is not limited to, an explosive charge and a powder charge. The current-triggered gas generating device is as follows: one end of the lead wire based on the above structure is connected 204 through a section of heating wire, and referring to fig. 14, when a certain current is passed, the heating wire generates heat, and pyrotechnic composition is triggered; still another configuration is to connect two very closely spaced electrodes 205 to the lead (the lead itself may be used instead of the electrode) and when the voltage reaches a certain value, an arc is generated between the electrodes and the pyrotechnic charge is initiated, as shown in fig. 15.
Below the gas generator is arranged a mass 244 of insulating material below, which forms a piston-cylinder structure with the sealed chamber, see fig. 5. When a certain current/voltage is input into the input end of the device, the internal substances rapidly undergo chemical reaction to generate a large amount of high-pressure gas, and the high-pressure gas pushes the mass block to act, so that the preset structural strength weak point is broken, and the conductor is disconnected. In order to fix the initial position of the mass, a limiting point is arranged on the side wall of the sealed cavity where the mass is positioned.
The lower casing is provided with a pressure limiting filter device 51, the structure is that the side wall of the lower casing is provided with an exhaust hole, a pressure maintaining diaphragm and a filter screen are arranged in the exhaust hole, when the air pressure in the device reaches a certain value, the pressure maintaining diaphragm is broken, and the air is discharged after being filtered by the filter screen.
Working principle: the whole device is connected to the circuit to be protected through conductors 20 and 21, which when an overload or short-circuit current is passed through them cause a particular part of the detection unit to open (such as the connection of the connection bars) or the resistance to increase rapidly. Meanwhile, the arc extinguishing medium filled in the detection unit can extinguish the arc generated in the detection unit in the process, and a relatively closed environment is provided. When the detection unit does not have an arc extinguishing function, the arc extinguishing fuses connected with the two ends of the detection unit in parallel start to work in the process of forming the fracture, and arc formed at the fracture is extinguished. At the moment, the voltage at two ends of the detection unit is rapidly increased to cause the current/voltage between the lead terminals of the action element (current/voltage trigger gas generating device) to be rapidly increased, so that the other end of the lead terminal generates high-temperature to start pyrotechnic composition to generate high-pressure gas, the movement of the mass block is pushed to break the structural strength weak point in the conductor, the conductor is disconnected from the structural strength weak point, and the conductor is rotated along the bending point to be lapped down in the cavity in the lower shell; meanwhile, the arc extinguishing fuse connected in parallel with the conductor fracture starts to work, the arc between the conductors is extinguished, the current of the main loop is reduced at a relatively smooth speed, and the influence of abrupt current change on a circuit and the influence of electromagnetic interference on other equipment are avoided.
Claims (25)
1. The low-power consumption high-response speed circuit protection device comprises an insulating shell and a conductor penetrating through the insulating shell, and is characterized in that a detection unit is connected to the conductor in series; the action unit comprises a current limiting element and an action element which are connected in series; the action unit is connected with the detection unit in parallel to form an action unit loop; the action element is arranged in a cavity opposite to the weak point of the structural strength of the conductor; when overload or short-circuit current occurs in the protected loop, the voltage at two ends of the detection unit and the action unit connected in parallel with the detection unit is rapidly increased, triggering the action element to act to cut off the electric conductor to cut off a main circuit;
arc extinguishing fuses are connected in parallel at two ends of the position where the conductor can be disconnected by the action element to form a fracture to form an arc extinguishing loop;
a temperature sensing device is connected in series at the connecting end of the arc extinguishing loop and the conductor, and is in an insulating state when the circuit protection device is in a normal working state, and the arc extinguishing loop is not conducted; when overload or short-circuit current is generated in the protected circuit, the detection unit is disconnected or the resistance is rapidly increased, the voltage at two ends of the action unit is rapidly increased, the action element is triggered to act, the temperature sensing device connected in series with the arc extinguishing circuit is conducted, and the arc extinguishing circuit is conducted; when the action element cuts off the electric conductor to disconnect the main circuit, the arc extinguishing fuse of the arc extinguishing circuit is fused;
or, a temperature sensing device is connected in series at the connecting ends of the arc extinguishing loop and the action unit loop, which are respectively connected with the electric conductor; when the circuit protection device is in a normal working state, the temperature sensing device is in an insulating state, and the arc extinguishing loop and the action unit loop are not conducted; when overload or short-circuit current is generated in a protected circuit, the detection unit is disconnected or the resistance is rapidly increased, the voltage at two ends of the action unit is rapidly increased, the temperature sensing device connected in series with the action unit circuit is conducted, the action element is triggered to act, the temperature sensing device connected in series with the arc extinguishing circuit is conducted, and the arc extinguishing circuit is conducted; when the action element cuts off the electric conductor to disconnect the main circuit, the arc-extinguishing fuse of the arc-extinguishing circuit is fused.
2. The low power consumption high response speed circuit protection device according to claim 1, wherein a cavity for accommodating the disconnection drop of the conductor is provided on the housing below the weak point of the structural strength of the conductor.
3. The low power consumption high response speed circuit protection device according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of grating structures for cooling and isolating the arc are provided in the cavity.
4. The low power consumption high response speed circuit protection device according to claim 2, wherein a voltage limiting filter device is provided on a housing on a side of the cavity where the electrical conductor is accommodated.
5. The low power consumption high response speed circuit protection device according to claim 4, wherein the pressure limiting filter device comprises an exhaust hole arranged on the side wall of the shell, and a pressure maintaining diaphragm and a filter screen are arranged in the exhaust hole.
6. The low power consumption high response speed circuit protection device according to claim 1, wherein the current limiting element is one or more of a fuse, a thin wire or a low melting point metal wire.
7. The low power consumption high response speed circuit protection device according to claim 1, wherein the detection unit is a detection conductive structure that can be disconnected or become large in resistance under overload of a protected loop.
8. The low power consumption high response speed circuit protection device according to claim 7, wherein said detecting unit comprises two conductive connection rows, the connection ends of two said connection rows being connected by a variable cross-section conductor, a low melting point metal, a positive temperature coefficient material or a conductive memory metal.
9. The low power consumption high response speed circuit protection device according to claim 8, wherein through holes are provided at intervals at narrowest points of the connection points of the variable-section conductors.
10. The low-power consumption high-response speed circuit protection device according to claim 8, wherein a metallurgical effect point composed of low-melting-point metal is provided on the surface of the variable-section conductor.
11. The circuit protection device with low power consumption and high response speed according to claim 7, wherein the detection unit comprises two conductive connection rows, insulation protruding points are respectively arranged on connection surfaces of the two connection rows, the periphery of the insulation protruding points is coated with low-melting-point conductive metal, and the connection surfaces of the two connection rows are overlapped and butted and are connected through the low-melting-point conductive metal at the insulation protruding points.
12. The low-power consumption high-response speed circuit protection device according to claim 7, wherein the detection unit comprises two conductive connection rows, the connection surfaces of the two connection rows are overlapped and are connected through low-melting-point conductive metal, and an insulation limiting device is arranged on the connection surface of one of the overlapped and butted connection rows.
13. The low-power consumption high-response speed circuit protection device according to any one of claims 7 to 12, wherein a protection case is provided at the detection unit.
14. The low power consumption high response speed circuit protection device according to claim 13, wherein the protection case is filled with an arc extinguishing medium.
15. The low-power consumption high-response speed circuit protection device according to claim 1, wherein the action element is an electrically triggered gas generating device, the gas generating device comprises two lead terminals and a pyrotechnic charge chamber, one ends of the two lead terminals are connected through heating wires or electrodes close to each other are arranged at the end parts of the two lead terminals; the other end is respectively connected with one end of the current limiting element and one end of the detection unit; the heating wire end or the electrode end of the lead terminal is arranged in the smoke powder chamber.
16. The low-power consumption high-response speed circuit protection device according to claim 15, wherein a piston is provided in a chamber between the gas generating device and the electric conductor, and a space between the piston and the gas generating device is a sealed space; and a piston limiting structure is arranged in the cavity.
17. The low-power consumption high-response speed circuit protection device according to any one of claims 15 to 16, wherein the action element is fixed to the insulating housing through a cover plate.
18. The low power consumption high response speed circuit protection device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature sensing devices are turned on in a prescribed order by a distance thereof from a heating point or a difference in melting point of an insulating temperature sensing material.
19. The low-power consumption high-response speed circuit protection device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature sensing device comprises two electric conductors, and a pressing device is arranged on one of the electric conductors; an insulating temperature sensing material is arranged between the conductors; the insulating temperature sensing material is in an insulating solid state at normal temperature, and is melted when the temperature is overload, and the two conductors can be connected under the action of the pressing device.
20. The low power consumption high response speed circuit protection device according to claim 1, wherein the weak point of structural strength of the conductor is at least one groove penetrating the width of the conductor formed at intervals above or below the conductor.
21. The low power consumption high response speed circuit protection device according to claim 20, wherein the groove is shaped as a U, V or trapezoid.
22. The low-power consumption high-response speed circuit protection device according to claim 1, wherein the weak point of the structural strength of the conductor is that the conductor is broken into two parts, the connecting surfaces of the broken two parts of the conductor are overlapped and butted up and down, and the connecting surfaces of the overlapped and butted up and down are fixed through welding spots, bonding or riveting.
23. The low power consumption high response speed circuit protection device according to claim 1, wherein the weak point of the structural strength of the conductor is that the conductor is broken into two parts, a gap is left between the broken two parts of the conductor, and the upper part or the lower part of the gap is fixedly connected through a conductive connection row through welding spots, bonding and riveting.
24. The low power consumption high response speed circuit protection device according to claim 1, wherein the weak point of the structural strength of the conductor is that the conductor is broken into two parts, a gap is left between the broken two parts of the conductor, and a conductive connection row is crimped above the gap.
25. The low power consumption high response speed circuit protection device according to claim 4, wherein an arc extinguishing gate and an air flow guiding partition plate are arranged in a cavity below the weak point of the structural strength of the electric conductor, and the voltage limiting filter device is positioned on the side wall of the insulating shell on one side of the arc extinguishing gate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810982439.7A CN109243939B (en) | 2018-08-27 | 2018-08-27 | Low-power consumption high response speed circuit protection device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810982439.7A CN109243939B (en) | 2018-08-27 | 2018-08-27 | Low-power consumption high response speed circuit protection device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109243939A CN109243939A (en) | 2019-01-18 |
| CN109243939B true CN109243939B (en) | 2024-04-16 |
Family
ID=65068387
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810982439.7A Active CN109243939B (en) | 2018-08-27 | 2018-08-27 | Low-power consumption high response speed circuit protection device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109243939B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114334573B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2024-03-12 | 广东中贝能源科技有限公司 | Intelligent fuse |
| WO2023204128A1 (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2023-10-26 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Shutdown device and shutdown system |
| CN117672729A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2024-03-08 | 西安中熔电气股份有限公司 | Multi-excitation source protection device |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2483875Y (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2002-03-27 | 刘炳文 | Protector for electric appliance circuit |
| CN2726190Y (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2005-09-14 | 安徽赛普电力保护有限公司 | Large capacity high-voltage current-limiting fuse combination protector |
| CN101902027A (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2010-12-01 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Arc striking type mixing current limiting fuse |
| CN203165839U (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-08-28 | 浙江西熔电气有限公司 | Novel fuse |
| CN203839326U (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2014-09-17 | 厦门赛尔特电子有限公司 | High-voltage direct-current temperature fuse |
| CN104465208A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-03-25 | 哈尔滨朗昇电气股份有限公司 | Vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber and method for vacuum circuit breaker |
| CN104810222A (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-07-29 | 北京人民电器厂有限公司 | Arc extinguish chamber with quick arc extinguishing function and miniaturized circuit breaker with arc extinguish chamber |
| CN206877909U (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2018-01-12 | 佛山市仁星电气有限公司 | Thermal cut-off |
| CN108010823A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-08 | 西安中熔电气股份有限公司 | A kind of fuse of high response speed |
| CN108233329A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-06-29 | 西安赛诺克新能源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of protection circuit for improving main circuit and disconnecting response speed |
| CN208938909U (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-06-04 | 西安中熔电气股份有限公司 | A kind of low-power consumption high response speed circuit protection device |
-
2018
- 2018-08-27 CN CN201810982439.7A patent/CN109243939B/en active Active
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2483875Y (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2002-03-27 | 刘炳文 | Protector for electric appliance circuit |
| CN2726190Y (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2005-09-14 | 安徽赛普电力保护有限公司 | Large capacity high-voltage current-limiting fuse combination protector |
| CN101902027A (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2010-12-01 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Arc striking type mixing current limiting fuse |
| CN203165839U (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-08-28 | 浙江西熔电气有限公司 | Novel fuse |
| CN203839326U (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2014-09-17 | 厦门赛尔特电子有限公司 | High-voltage direct-current temperature fuse |
| CN104465208A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-03-25 | 哈尔滨朗昇电气股份有限公司 | Vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber and method for vacuum circuit breaker |
| CN104810222A (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-07-29 | 北京人民电器厂有限公司 | Arc extinguish chamber with quick arc extinguishing function and miniaturized circuit breaker with arc extinguish chamber |
| CN206877909U (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2018-01-12 | 佛山市仁星电气有限公司 | Thermal cut-off |
| CN108010823A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-08 | 西安中熔电气股份有限公司 | A kind of fuse of high response speed |
| CN108233329A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-06-29 | 西安赛诺克新能源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of protection circuit for improving main circuit and disconnecting response speed |
| CN208938909U (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-06-04 | 西安中熔电气股份有限公司 | A kind of low-power consumption high response speed circuit protection device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109243939A (en) | 2019-01-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3958206A (en) | Chemically augmented electrical fuse | |
| CN109243939B (en) | Low-power consumption high response speed circuit protection device | |
| EP2416405B1 (en) | Battery pack with cell-level fusing and method of using same | |
| JP5416835B2 (en) | Current fuse device and battery assembly including the same | |
| JP2020506515A (en) | Triggered fuse for low voltage applications | |
| US8133608B2 (en) | Battery pack with cell-level fusing | |
| WO2022121232A1 (en) | Mechanical breaking and fusing combined multi-fracture excitation fuse | |
| CN101563819A (en) | Pluggable surge arrester | |
| WO2021121439A1 (en) | Excitation fuse integrated with arc-extinguishing melt body | |
| WO2022121230A1 (en) | Multibreak excitation fuse having grouped breaking | |
| WO2022121205A1 (en) | Two-break excitation fuse having staged breaking | |
| JP7394877B2 (en) | Induction fuse that sequentially ruptures the conductor and fusible material | |
| WO2021204165A1 (en) | Fuse and circuit system | |
| US4417224A (en) | Time delay fuse | |
| JPH10188946A (en) | Rectangular battery with inner short circuit protecting device | |
| US11784021B2 (en) | Mechanical breaking and fusing combined multi-fracture excitation fuse | |
| US9490096B2 (en) | Medium voltage controllable fuse | |
| CN213601830U (en) | Step-by-step disconnected double-break excitation fuse and power distribution unit, energy storage equipment or new energy automobile using same | |
| CN208938909U (en) | A kind of low-power consumption high response speed circuit protection device | |
| KR101082865B1 (en) | Battery pack Containing Printed Circuit board Employed with Conductive Pattern | |
| CN115910722A (en) | Fuse with independent arc extinguishing cavity | |
| JP2023542373A (en) | Thermal fuse | |
| JPH0457056B2 (en) | ||
| CN219497707U (en) | Melt structure with parallel narrow necks and excitation fuse | |
| CN220208763U (en) | Self-triggering arc-extinguishing intelligent switch |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |