CN109238048B - Surface limestone mine blasting dust-settling method - Google Patents
Surface limestone mine blasting dust-settling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109238048B CN109238048B CN201811052887.3A CN201811052887A CN109238048B CN 109238048 B CN109238048 B CN 109238048B CN 201811052887 A CN201811052887 A CN 201811052887A CN 109238048 B CN109238048 B CN 109238048B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dust settling method for surface limestone mine blasting, which comprises the following steps: (1) drilling: drilling blast holes on the blasting operation platform according to actual topographic conditions; (2) hole installation: A. plugging explosives to the bottom of the blast hole; B. placing an empty bottom water bag on the top of the explosive and tightly contacting the top surface of the explosive; C. after the bottom water bag is filled with water, a plug is placed into the blast hole, and an empty top water bag is placed into the blast hole to enable the bottom surface of the top water bag to be in close contact with the top surface of the plug; (3) wetting treatment; (4) networking and blasting; the invention combines the top water bag and the bottom water bag, utilizes the water mist formed by the explosion of the top water bag and the bottom water bag to adsorb and trap large-area dust generated by the explosion so as to greatly reduce the explosion dust, and greatly reduces the dust concentration after the explosion and the pollution of the dust to the environment by improving the materials, the wall thickness and the length-diameter ratio used by the top water bag and the bottom water bag.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering blasting, in particular to a dust settling method for surface limestone mine blasting.
Background
The blasting technology is widely applied to engineering construction, along with the rapid development of engineering industry, the dependence of the engineering construction on the blasting technology is higher and higher, the application range of the blasting technology is wider and wider, but the damage of dust generated in the blasting process to the environment and the society is more and more concerned by people. Blasting dust is an environmental hazard which mainly comprises atmospheric pollution and destruction of an ecological system, and air after dust pollution seriously affects the quality of surrounding urban air through atmospheric circulation; secondly, social harm, human health harm, pneumoconiosis and the like are caused, so that a set of complete, efficient and quick blasting dust fall technology is established for solving the blasting dust problem by researching blasting dust characteristics and dust fall technology, and the problem is urgently needed to be solved by technical personnel in related fields.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a surface limestone mine blasting dust fall method comprises the following steps:
(1) drilling: drilling blast holes on the blasting operation platform according to actual topographic conditions;
(2) hole installation: A. plugging explosives to the bottom of the blast hole;
B. placing an empty bottom water bag on the top of the explosive and tightly contacting with the top surface of the explosive, wherein a water injection pipeline communicated with the bottom water bag is arranged on the bottom water bag, and filling water into the bottom water bag through the water injection pipeline;
C. after the bottom water bag is filled with water, a plug is placed into the blast hole, the bottom surface of the plug is in close contact with the top surface of the bottom water bag, a space is reserved at the top of the plug, an empty top water bag is placed into the blast hole to enable the bottom surface of the top water bag to be in close contact with the top surface of the plug, a water injection pipeline communicated with the top water bag is arranged on the top water bag, and the top water bag is filled with water through the water injection pipeline;
the top water bag and the bottom water bag are tubular water bags, the top water bag and the bottom water bag are formed by blow molding of LDP-low density polyethylene, and the wall thickness of the water bags is 0.06mm-0.08 mm; when the diameter of the blast hole is 120mm, the lengths of the top water bag and the bottom water bag are 1200mm, and when the diameter of the blast hole is 140mm, the lengths of the top water bag and the bottom water bag are 1500 mm;
(3) wetting treatment: before detonation, carrying out wetting treatment on the drilling rock powder accumulated near the blast hole opening and the dust on the surface of the blasting object by using water, so that the blasting object cannot form raised dust during blasting;
(4) networking and blasting: and performing network connection on the blasting area, performing millisecond differential loosening blasting on the stepped medium-length hole, wherein two blast holes form a group, 15 sections of detonating detonators are arranged in the blast holes, and 3 sections of detonators outside the blast holes are connected with a network.
Preferably, the plug has a length of 400 mm.
Preferably, the top water bag and the bottom water bag are filled with water and then are in close contact with the inner wall of the blast hole to form a sealing state.
The invention has the following advantages: the invention combines the top water bag and the bottom water bag, utilizes water mist formed by the explosion of the top water bag and the bottom water bag to adsorb and capture large-area dust generated by the explosion, and settles under the action of gravity to greatly reduce the explosion dust, ensure the health and safety of construction environment and constructors, greatly reduce the dust concentration after the explosion and reduce the pollution of the dust to the environment by improving the materials, the wall thickness and the length-diameter ratio used by the top water bag and the bottom water bag.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of a double water bag in the surface limestone mine blasting dust-settling method.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of a single water bag of a comparison group 1 in the open-air limestone mine blasting dust-settling method.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a blasting network in the surface limestone mine blasting dust-settling method of the invention.
As shown in the figure: 1. explosive, 2, bottom water bag, 3, plug, 4, top water bag.
Detailed Description
With reference to the attached drawings 1-3, the open-pit limestone mine blasting dust-settling method comprises the following steps:
(1) drilling: and drilling blast holes on the blasting operation platform according to the actual topographic conditions.
(2) Hole installation: A. plugging an explosive 1 to the bottom of the blast hole;
B. an empty bottom water bag 2 is placed on the top of the explosive 1 and is tightly contacted with the top surface of the explosive 1, a water injection pipeline communicated with the bottom water bag 2 is arranged on the bottom water bag 2, and water is filled into the bottom water bag 2 through the water injection pipeline;
C. after the bottom water bag 2 is filled with water, a plug 3 is placed into the blast hole, the bottom surface of the plug 3 is in close contact with the top surface of the bottom water bag 2, a space is reserved at the top of the plug 3, an empty top water bag 4 is placed to enable the bottom surface of the top water bag 4 to be in close contact with the top surface of the plug 3, a water injection pipeline communicated with the top water bag 4 is arranged on the top water bag 4, and water is filled into the top water bag 4 through the water injection pipeline.
(3) Wetting treatment: before detonation, the drilling rock dust and blasting object surface dust accumulated near the blast hole opening are moistened by water, so that flying dust cannot be formed during blasting.
(4) Networking and blasting: and performing network connection on the blasting area, performing millisecond differential loosening blasting on the stepped medium-length hole, wherein two blast holes form a group, 15 sections of detonating detonators are arranged in the blast holes, and 3 sections of detonators outside the blast holes are connected with a network.
In a preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the top water bag 4 and the bottom water bag 2 are tubular water bags, the top water bag 4 and the bottom water bag 2 are formed by blow molding of LDP-ldpe, and the wall thickness of the water bags is 0.06mm-0.08 mm.
Traditional water bag chooses the emulsion or the polyethylene plastics of colourless, tasteless, transparent, soft, environmental protection material to mould plastics and forms, can produce toxic gases such as carbon monoxide after the burning, and the residue that unburnt totally is difficult to be decomposed by soil microorganism, produces white pollution. Therefore, the top water bag 4 and the bottom water bag 2 adopt the tubular film which is processed by the LDP-low density polyethylene through the blow molding method as the water bag material, the water bag material is environment-friendly, efficient, economical and practical, and the combustion speed of the water bag material is faster than that of the traditional water bag material, and the water bag material can be decomposed by the microorganisms in the soil;
the wall thickness of the water bag can influence the diffusion of the water mist droplets to the periphery, and the more negative work is done on the scattered water mist droplets, the more the scattering speed and radius of the water mist droplets are influenced; the wall of the water bag is small in thickness, the pressure resistance and the wear resistance are small, the water bag is easy to crack and leak in the processes of water injection, friction between the wall of the water bag and the wall surface of a drill hole and filling, the blasting effect of the explosive is influenced, and the dust settling effect of water-bag-method water mist drops is lost.
The maximum speed of water mist droplet throwing and the wall thickness of the water bag have a negative work relation, the impact force on water during explosive explosion can be counteracted by the water bag wall surface according to the water mist throwing radius, the larger the wall thickness of the water bag is, the larger the counteracting effect is, the smaller the water mist throwing radius is, and when the wall thickness of the water bag is 0.06mm-0.08mm, the water bag is not easy to damage, the water mist formed by the water bag after explosion is ideal, and the effective dust fall effect can be achieved.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the diameter of the hole is 120mm, the length of the top water bag 4 and the bottom water bag 2 is 1200 mm.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length of the top water bag 4 and the bottom water bag 2 is 1500mm when the diameter of the hole is 140 mm.
As a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the length of the plug 3 is 400 mm.
In the preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the top water bag 4 and the bottom water bag 2 are filled with water and then are in close contact with the inner wall of the blast hole to form a sealed state.
The size of water is the main factor that influences dust removal effect, generally thinks that the water yield increases and can effectively improve dust collection efficiency, and under other conditions the same, certain water yield corresponds certain biggest dust removal volume, and the diameter of water bag is influenced by the drilling diameter, and the water bag need hug closely the drilling wall after the water injection, forms sealed state, and its retaining diameter is exactly the drilling diameter, and what the size of water bag draw ratio actually reflects is exactly at certain drilling diameter water storage capacity. The water in the top water bag 4 and the bottom water bag 2 is subjected to the action of the instant impact force after the explosive explodes, so that the top water bag 4 and the bottom water bag 2 are instantaneously broken to form water mist and water drops to be thrown around, and a certain amount of water corresponds to a certain dust precipitation amount.
The water bag plugging blasting dust fall method mainly ensures that water in a water bag forms water mist droplets according to blast hole explosive blasting, the water mist droplets have certain sizes, the water mist droplets capture blasting dust to moisten dust particles, and the size of the water mist droplet particle size formed in the water bag after blasting and the range of the water mist droplets have great relation with the dust capture efficiency; the dust catching efficiency is the best when the particle size of the water mist droplets formed after blasting is equivalent to that of dust particles, and the water mist droplets are too small to wet the dust particles even if the dust particles collide with the water mist droplets; the water mist has too large droplets, low scattering speed and small area, and can only collide, bond and agglomerate with small-range dust to wet the dust. Too large or too small water mist drops can affect dust catching capacity and dust falling effect.
First, test the effect
1. Experimental groups: the double-water-bag blasting is that a top water bag and a bottom water bag are arranged, and after the filling is finished, the length proportion and the placement position of the water bags are considered under the condition that the inherent blockage length is 400 mm.
Comparative group 1: and (3) blasting the single water bag, namely only arranging the top water bag to ensure that the bottom surface of the plug is in close contact with the top surface of the explosive, and considering the length proportion and the placement position of the water bag under the condition that the inherent plug length is 400 mm.
Comparative group 2: and (5) blasting the anhydrous bag.
2. In the blasting field, step medium-length hole millisecond differential loosening blasting is adopted, two blast holes are arranged in one section, 15 sections of detonating detonators are arranged in the blast holes, 3 sections of detonators relay networks are arranged outside the blast holes, and blasting is carried out for three times under three conditions of no water bag, single water bag and double water bags.
3. Results of the experiment
TABLE 1 fixed-point determination table of blasting dust concentration
The data in the table show that the improved double water bags can effectively reduce the dust concentration and solve the problem of blasting dust when used for blasting.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above, and the description is not intended to be limiting, and the drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In summary, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A surface limestone mine blasting dust fall method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) drilling: drilling blast holes on the blasting operation platform according to actual topographic conditions;
(2) hole installation: A. plugging explosives to the bottom of the blast hole;
B. placing an empty bottom water bag on the top of the explosive and tightly contacting with the top surface of the explosive, wherein a water injection pipeline communicated with the bottom water bag is arranged on the bottom water bag, and filling water into the bottom water bag through the water injection pipeline;
C. after the bottom water bag is filled with water, a plug is placed into the blast hole, the bottom surface of the plug is in close contact with the top surface of the bottom water bag, a space is reserved at the top of the plug, an empty top water bag is placed into the blast hole to enable the bottom surface of the top water bag to be in close contact with the top surface of the plug, a water injection pipeline communicated with the top water bag is arranged on the top water bag, and the top water bag is filled with water through the water injection pipeline;
the top water bag and the bottom water bag are tubular water bags, the top water bag and the bottom water bag are formed by blow molding of LDP-low density polyethylene, and the wall thickness of the water bags is 0.06mm-0.08 mm; when the diameter of the blast hole is 120mm, the lengths of the top water bag and the bottom water bag are 1200mm, and when the diameter of the blast hole is 140mm, the lengths of the top water bag and the bottom water bag are 1500 mm;
(3) wetting treatment: before detonation, carrying out wetting treatment on the drilling rock powder accumulated near the blast hole opening and the dust on the surface of the blasting object by using water, so that the blasting object cannot form raised dust during blasting;
(4) networking and blasting: and performing network connection on the blasting area, performing millisecond differential loosening blasting on the stepped medium-length hole, wherein two blast holes form a group, 15 sections of detonating detonators are arranged in the blast holes, and 3 sections of detonators outside the blast holes are connected with a network.
2. The surface limestone mine blasting dust fall method according to claim 1, wherein: the plug is 400mm in length.
3. The surface limestone mine blasting dust fall method according to claim 1, wherein: the top water bag and the bottom water bag are filled with water and then are in close contact with the inner wall of the blast hole to form a sealing state.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811052887.3A CN109238048B (en) | 2018-09-10 | 2018-09-10 | Surface limestone mine blasting dust-settling method |
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| CN201811052887.3A CN109238048B (en) | 2018-09-10 | 2018-09-10 | Surface limestone mine blasting dust-settling method |
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| CN109238048A CN109238048A (en) | 2019-01-18 |
| CN109238048B true CN109238048B (en) | 2021-06-08 |
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| CN110715588A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-01-21 | 北方爆破科技有限公司 | Method for reducing open blasting dust |
| CN110779410A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-02-11 | 中国矿业大学 | Bench blasting dust fall method for opencast coal mine |
| CN111207636A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-29 | 芜湖海螺水泥有限公司 | Deep hole large-diameter hydraulic blasting method |
| CN111336880A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-06-26 | 南京安吉特矿山工程有限公司 | Dust settling method for mine blasting |
| CN112495091A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-16 | 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司托巴水电工程建设管理局 | Method for reducing dust generated by blasting by water pressing bag |
| CN112746848B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2023-03-21 | 邵阳市联合农林建材科技有限公司 | Open-air limestone mining method applied to environmental protection and dust reduction |
| CN112945043B (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2022-08-02 | 兖州中材建设有限公司 | Blasting method for reducing blasting smoke |
| CN114109479A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-01 | 神华准格尔能源有限责任公司 | Open pit coal mine step loosening blasting dust fall method |
| CN114191905A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-03-18 | 安徽马钢矿业资源集团南山矿业有限公司 | Water-blasting dust-reducing method for open-air iron ore |
| CN115121078A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-30 | 宁夏赛马水泥有限公司 | Strip mine perforation blasting dust-settling method |
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| GB2099117B (en) * | 1981-05-07 | 1985-05-01 | Unilever Plc | Stemming shot holes |
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