CN108844423B - Blasting method and application of water starch as blast hole plug - Google Patents

Blasting method and application of water starch as blast hole plug Download PDF

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CN108844423B
CN108844423B CN201810689445.3A CN201810689445A CN108844423B CN 108844423 B CN108844423 B CN 108844423B CN 201810689445 A CN201810689445 A CN 201810689445A CN 108844423 B CN108844423 B CN 108844423B
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blasting
water
starch
hole
concentrator
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CN108844423A (en
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郭远军
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Yuanjun Heat Energy Power Technology Co ltd
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Yuanjun Heat Energy Power Technology Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
    • F42D1/24—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor characterised by the tamping material

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a blasting method and application of water starch as a blasting blast hole plug, comprising the following steps: filling water starch in the blasting hole, wherein the water starch completely or partially coats the blasting energy concentrator in the blasting hole; the water starch completely seals the blasting hole so as to completely bury the blasting concentrator in the blasting hole; detonating the explosive concentrator; the water starch is a mixed suspension of starch and water, and is prepared by the following steps: adding starch into water, and uniformly stirring to prepare water starch; the volume ratio of the starch to the water is 1.5-7: 1. The blasting method of the invention uses the water starch as the blast hole blocking material for blocking the blast hole, the blocking effect of the blast hole is good, the flying stones are hardly splashed in the blasting process, the blasting degree is deep, the blasting efficiency is high, the blasting process is more moderate, strong air shock waves are not generated, the surrounding environment and workers are not harmed, the blasting noise is low, and the blasting process is safe.

Description

Blasting method and application of water starch as blast hole plug
Technical Field
The invention relates to a blasting technology, in particular to a blast hole filling technology.
Background
Blasting construction, including blasting engineering of mines, metallurgy, geotechnical engineering, roads, traffic and the like; dust, earth and stone splashing, noise, shock waves and the like can be generated in the blasting construction process. The shock wave generated by blasting is an external action effect generated during blasting, and in a certain range, the blasting shock wave can generate killing force on constructors and damage surrounding buildings. Although the noise generated by blasting is short, the noise is loud and sharp and has high frequency, which easily brings panic to people and can bring adverse effect to the psychology and physiology of people for continuous different blasting sounds. Dust, earth and stone splash and the like generated by blasting can cause certain damage and pollution to the surrounding environment, and can also cause harm to constructors and surrounding buildings.
In addition, the arrangement mode of blasting blastholes has great influence on the blasting effect, and the cracks in the rock mass comprise weak surfaces such as faults, ruffles, bedding, joints, contact surfaces of different rock strata, cracks and the like. The effect of these facets on the blast effect is twofold: on one hand, the weak surface can cause the leakage of explosive gas and pressure, reduce the effect of explosive energy and influence the explosive effect; on the other hand, the weak surfaces destroy the integrity of the rock mass, so that the rock mass is easy to crack and collapse from the weak surfaces. And the weak face has increased the reflex action of blasting stress wave again, is favorable to the breakage of rock, but when the rock mass contains the bold size, only when directly being close to blasting equipment, the minor part rock can obtain fully smashing, and most rock far away from blasting equipment does not obtain fully smashing, can break away from the rock mass under the thrust effect of blasting vibrations or explosive gas, removes, throws into the bold.
The problems of how to improve the blasting construction efficiency, ensure the blasting quality, improve the blasting efficiency, reduce the explosive consumption, save the engineering cost and reduce the flying stones and harmful gases are always the subject of long-term research of blasting workers. And blast hole stemming is one of the most effective methods to solve the above problems.
The stemming commonly used for filling the blast hole is usually solid, colloid, liquid and other common materials as well as novel materials. For example, the common solid stemming comprises sand, rock powder, clay and a mixture thereof, has the advantages of high quality, high friction coefficient, easy obtainment, low cost and the like, but has lower strength, easy generation of flying stones when the granularity is too large, and easy generation of dust when the granularity is too small; the colloid material is a cement or a quick-setting cement formed by organic matters and water, and has the advantages of reducing harmful gases and dust; water and air can also be used as filling materials, the water or air can be filled into the blast hole to realize doll distribution and explosive, the detonation pressure peak value can be weakened, the action time of explosive gas is prolonged, the explosive energy utilization rate of the explosive is improved, and the water can also be used for cooling, dust fall and shock reduction, but the water and air have small density, low strength and weak friction force with the wall of the blast hole, cannot block the initial impact of the explosive, and has weak blocking effect on the blast hole; in engineering blasting, the novel mixed stemming formed by adding water into a solid material or a colloidal material is generally used at present, and the novel mixed stemming has the advantages of anti-sliding and anti-shearing capabilities, a motion form in a blast hole, the function of transmitting gas pressure generated by blasting, absorbed explosion energy and the like which are superior to those of the traditional blocking material.
In general, stemming materials may lose their blocking effect due to the great force of explosive gas because of the blast hole blockage (stemming) for the following reasons: (1) the strength is too low, and the steel wire is sheared by explosion pressure and blown away; (2) the resistance between the blast hole plug and the hole wall is too small, and the whole blast hole plug is pushed out of the blast hole by detonation pressure. For example, although general cement can meet the general requirements of a blast hole plugging material, the general cement cannot meet the requirement of timely initiation, and because the general cement is slow in hardening speed, even if an accelerator and an early strength agent are added, the general cement cannot reach higher strength within 3-5 hours; although water glass and some synthetic polymer materials have the characteristics of high strength and high hardness, the water glass and some synthetic polymer materials are inconvenient to use and have high cost.
In addition, 2016, Qin Jianfei applied for a national patent of an aqueous medium transduction blasting method and a loading cavity thereof (CN201610121194.X), and the technical scheme describes the aqueous medium transduction blasting method, which comprises the steps of installing an aqueous medium and an explosive with the mass ratio more than or equal to an optimal value in an explosive loading cavity of a blasting medium, isolating the explosive and the aqueous medium from each other, and detonating the explosive installed in the explosive loading cavity; the invention can improve the effective utilization rate of explosive energy, improve the blasting effect of the explosive on blasting media, reduce blasting damage and blasting smoke dust. However, this solution has the following disadvantages: the water and the explosive are arranged in an isolated way, so that the structure is complex; water mist reduces blasting smoke dust in the blasting process, but the problems of earth and stone splashing, noise, shock waves and the like in blasting are still not solved.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a blasting method which can solve the problems of earth and stone splashing, noise and shock wave, improve blasting construction efficiency, ensure blasting quality, reduce explosive consumption and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a blasting method and application of water starch as blasting hole plugs, so as to overcome the problem of unbalanced shear strength and inter-hole wall resistance of the existing hole plugs and achieve the technical effects of dust fall and shock reduction.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a blasting method, comprising the steps of:
filling water starch in the blasting hole, wherein the water starch completely or partially coats the blasting energy concentrator in the blasting hole; the water starch completely seals the blasting hole so as to completely bury the blasting concentrator in the blasting hole;
detonating the explosive concentrator;
the water starch is a mixed suspension of starch and water, and is prepared by the following steps: adding starch into water, and uniformly stirring to prepare water starch; the volume ratio of the starch to the water is 1.5-7: 1.
Further, water starch is filled in the blasting blasthole, and the water starch completely or partially coats the blasting energy concentrator in the blasting blasthole, which specifically comprises the following steps: and placing a blasting energy concentrator in the blasting blast hole, and filling water starch in the blasting blast hole.
Further, water starch is filled in the blasting blasthole, and the water starch completely or partially coats the blasting energy concentrator in the blasting blasthole, which specifically comprises the following steps: and filling water starch into the blasting blast hole, and pushing the blasting energy concentrator into the water starch in the blasting blast hole.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
setting the blasting direction of the blasting energy concentrator to be consistent with the blasting direction of the rock stratum according to the blasting direction of the rock stratum;
wherein, the water starch is coated on the opposite side of the blasting direction of the blasting concentrator.
Further, the blasting concentrator is coated with water starch at the side opposite to the blasting direction, and the thickness of the water starch is at least 20 cm.
Furthermore, the side of the blasting concentrator opposite to the blasting direction is coated with water starch, and the thickness of the water starch is 20-500 cm.
Further, in the step of filling water starch in the blasting blasthole, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and the thickness of water starch filled in one side of the blasting concentrator close to the outlet of the blasting blast hole is at least 20 cm.
And further, filling stemming at the outer side of the water starch close to one side of the outlet of the blasting hole, wherein the thickness of the stemming is 5-10 cm.
The invention also provides an application of the water starch as a blasting blast hole plug, wherein the water starch completely or partially coats the blasting energy concentrator in the blasting blast hole; the water starch is a mixed suspension of starch and water, and is prepared by the following steps: adding starch into water, and uniformly stirring to prepare water starch; the volume ratio of the starch to the water is 1.5-7: 1.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the water starch is one of shear thickening liquids, the shear stress and the shear strain rate are not in a linear relation, the gaps among dispersed phase particles are smallest when the water starch is static, the smaller gaps among the particles are kept along with the advancing of shear flow at a low strain speed, the flow is Newtonian, but when the shear deformation speed is increased, the water starch slides on the plane of an adjacent layer, the dispersed phase particles are not trapped in pits among adjacent layers, so that the dispersion medium for lubricating among the gaps is less due to the increase of the gaps, namely, the thickening is realized, the increase rate of the shear stress is larger and larger along with the increase of the shear rate, and the apparent viscosity of the water starch is increased along with the increase of the shear rate.
The blasting process is generally divided into two stages, wherein the first stage is that the energy of blasting substances is converted into strong compression energy in a certain form; the strong compression in the second stage can rapidly and adiabatically expand to do work externally, so as to cause the deformation, movement and damage of the blasted object.
According to the invention, water starch is used as a blasting blast hole plug, strong compression energy is generated in the first stage in the blasting process, and the water starch can react on the blasting energy concentrator while being subjected to the strong compression energy to provide recoil force for the blasting energy concentrator. Because the side, opposite to the blasting direction, of the blasting energy concentrator is coated with the water starch with the thickness of at least 20cm, the water starch exerts the reaction force on the blasting energy concentrator, and the strong compression energy on the side, opposite to the blasting direction, can be counteracted; the blasting power is concentrated in the blasting direction.
The thickness of shear thickening liquid is at least 20cm when the side, close to the outlet of the blasting hole, of the blasting energy concentrator, water starch in the side is used for reacting with the blasting energy concentrator, strong compression energy on the side opposite to the blasting direction is offset, shock waves cannot be generated in the direction of the outlet of the blasting hole, and the blasting process is safer; the shear thickening liquid filled in the peripheral side face of the blasting energy concentrator is small in thickness, even the peripheral side face of the blasting energy concentrator is not filled with the shear thickening liquid, so that the strong compression energy of the blasting energy concentrator on the peripheral side wall cannot be offset, the blasting direction is concentrated in the direction of the peripheral side wall of the blasting hole and the direction of the blasting energy concentrator far away from the outlet of the blasting hole, and the shear thickening liquid coated on the side opposite to the blasting direction of the blasting energy concentrator gives recoil force to the blasting energy concentrator, so that the blasting energy concentrator is more concentrated in force in the blasting direction.
The energy released by the blasting energy concentrator is strengthened, the damage degree of the peripheral blasted objects is deepened, the damage degree of the blasted objects is 5-15 times of that of common blasting, the blasting efficiency is high, the uniformity of the block size of the damaged peripheral blasted objects is high, the block size rate is low, and the blasting efficiency is not influenced by weak surface factors such as faults, folds, layers, joints and the like in the blasted objects; the blasting effect is not limited by the arrangement mode of the blasting holes, namely the position and angle arrangement of the blasting holes, and the degree of freedom of arrangement of the blasting holes is larger. The strong compression can work on the water starch in the second stage, the water starch is impacted at high speed by the strong compression energy, the apparent viscosity is rapidly increased, the water starch is converted from a flowable liquid phase to a solid-like phase, the solid-like phase is hard and elastic, the state change response speed of the water starch is high, the water starch has strong impact resistance, and after the high-speed impact force of the strong compression is eliminated, the water starch is rapidly converted from the solid-like phase to the liquid phase, and the process is reversible.
On the other hand, water starch receives high compression and the energy transfer of strong compression energy, has saved huge internal energy, and water starch transmits internal energy for around by the blasting thing, and the blasting process is postponed, and the blasting process mitigatees more, can not produce powerful air shock wave, can not cause the injury to surrounding environment and staff, and the blasting noise is little, and the blasting process is safe. And due to the viscosity of the water starch, flying stones generated in the blasting process can be stuck in the water starch, so that the soil and stones can not be splashed, and the safety of the blasting process is further improved.
The invention uses water starch to block the blasting holes, which are tightly blocked, and greatly reduces the blasting noise. Compared with the existing water seal blasting, the water bag is covered on the blasting device, although noise reduction and dust prevention can be realized to a certain extent, the water seal device is required to be independently arranged considering that water cannot be in direct contact with the blasting device, and the device is more complex; and the number of cracks in the blasting rock is large, so that the water loss in the rock is large in the blasting process, and the noise-reducing and dust-preventing effects are weakened.
According to the invention, the stemming is filled outside the water starch close to one side of the outlet of the blasting hole, so that the plugging effect is further enhanced.
The water starch is used as the blasting blast hole plug and can be divided into two parts, namely the water starch close to the blasting energy concentrator and the water starch far away from the blasting energy concentrator;
the water starch close to the blasting energy concentrator is close to the blasting energy concentrator, high temperature is generated at the blasting moment in the blasting process, the temperature is over 1800 ℃, water in the water starch close to the blasting energy concentrator can be rapidly raised at high temperature and high pressure, part of water is vaporized into water vapor, part of water is broken and bonded to combine into hydrogen and oxygen, and a gaseous mixture of the water vapor, the hydrogen, the oxygen and the air accumulates huge potential energy to do work on the blasted object, so that the blasting process is delayed; after water in the water starch is evaporated, the starch in the water starch is combusted at high temperature, part of the starch is subjected to dust explosion, namely secondary explosion is generated in the explosion process, the explosion power is increased, and after the gaseous mixture does work to release energy, hydrogen and oxygen break and form bonds to be synthesized into water again; the water plays a role in water seal blasting, and can reduce noise and prevent dust; the part of the water starch is changed in shape and is not shear thickening liquid any more;
the water starch far away from the blasting energy concentrator is still shear thickening liquid, and plays two roles in the blasting process, namely, strong compression energy on the opposite side in the blasting direction is offset; secondly, flying stones generated in the blasting process can be stuck in the water starch, so that the soil and stones can not be splashed, and the safety of the blasting process is further improved; and the blasting blast hole is tightly blocked, and noise reduction and dust prevention are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the location of water starch filled in the blast hole of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic view of the location of the water starch filled in the blast hole of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a third schematic view showing the positions of water starch filled in blasting holes according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a fourth schematic view showing the positions of water starch filled in the blast holes of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a fifth schematic view showing the positions of water starch filled in blast holes according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination of technical solutions should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a blasting method, which comprises the following steps:
filling water starch 3 in the blasting blastholes 1, wherein the water starch 3 completely or partially coats the blasting energy concentrator 2 in the blasting blastholes 1; the water starch 3 completely seals the blasting hole 1 so as to completely bury the blasting concentrator 2 in the blasting hole 1;
the detonation concentrator 2 is detonated.
Further, water starch 3 is filled in the blasting blasthole 1, and the water starch 3 completely or partially coats the blasting energy concentrator 2 in the blasting blasthole 1, which specifically includes: and placing a blasting energy concentrator 2 in the blasting blast hole 1, and filling water starch 3 in the blasting blast hole 1.
Further, water starch 3 is filled in the blasting blasthole 1, and the water starch 3 completely or partially coats the blasting energy concentrator 2 in the blasting blasthole 1, which specifically includes: and filling water starch 3 into the blasting blasthole 1, and pushing the blasting energy concentrator 2 into the water starch 3 in the blasting blasthole 1.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
setting the blasting direction of the blasting concentrator 2 to be consistent with the blasting direction of the rock stratum according to the blasting direction of the rock stratum;
wherein, the opposite side of the blasting direction of the blasting concentrator 2 is coated with the water starch 3.
Further, the blasting concentrator 2 is coated with water starch 3 at least 20cm thick on the side opposite to the blasting direction.
Further, the side opposite to the blasting direction of the blasting concentrator 2 is coated with water starch 3, and the thickness of the water starch 3 is 20-500 cm.
Further, in the step of filling water starch 3 in the blasting blasthole 1, the concrete steps are as follows:
the thickness of water starch 3 filled in one side of the blasting concentrator 2 close to the outlet of the blasting blast hole 1 is at least 20 cm.
And further, filling stemming at the outer side of the water starch 3 close to the outlet side of the blasting hole 1, wherein the thickness of the stemming is 5-10 cm.
Further, the water starch 3 is a mixed suspension of starch and water, and is prepared by the following steps: adding starch into water, and uniformly stirring to prepare water starch 3; the volume ratio of the starch to the water is 1.5-7: 1.
Further, the starch is one or a mixture of wheat starch, corn starch, cornstarch, sweet potato starch and tapioca flour; but are not limited to the above types of starches and may be any starch that can be mixed with water to form a shear thickening fluid.
Further, the volume ratio of the starch to the water is 1.5-5.5: 1;
further, the volume ratio of the starch to the water is 1.6-4.5: 1;
further, the volume ratio of the starch to the water is 2-4.5: 1;
further, the volume ratio of the starch to the water is 2.5-4: 1;
the volume ratio of the starch to the water is 2-3.5: 1;
further, the volume ratio of the starch to the water is 2.5-3: 1;
further, the volume ratio of the starch to the water can be any one of the following ratios of 1.5: 1; 1.6: 1; 2: 1; 2.5: 1; 3: 1; 3.5: 1; 4: 1; 4.5: 1; 5: 1; 5.5: 1; 6: 1; 6.5: 1; or 7: 1.
the invention also provides an application of the water starch 3 as a plug of the blasting blasthole 1, wherein the water starch 3 completely or partially coats the blasting energy concentrator 2 in the blasting blasthole 1.
Further, the starch is one or a mixture of wheat starch, corn starch, cornstarch, sweet potato starch and tapioca flour; but are not limited to the above types of starches and may be any starch that can be mixed with water to form a shear thickening fluid.
Further, the volume ratio of the starch to the water is 1.5-5.5: 1;
further, the volume ratio of the starch to the water is 1.6-4.5: 1;
further, the volume ratio of the starch to the water is 2-4.5: 1;
further, the volume ratio of the starch to the water is 2.5-4: 1;
the volume ratio of the starch to the water is 2-3.5: 1;
further, the volume ratio of the starch to the water is 2.5-3: 1;
further, the volume ratio of the starch to the water can be any one of the following ratios of 1.5: 1; 1.6: 1; 2: 1; 2.5: 1; 3: 1; 3.5: 1; 4: 1; 4.5: 1; 5: 1; 5.5: 1; 6: 1; 6.5: 1; or 7: 1.
the water starch 3 belongs to one of shear thickening liquids, the shear stress and the shear strain rate are not in a linear relation, the gaps among dispersed phase particles are minimum when the water starch is static, the smaller gaps among the particles are kept along with the advancing of shear flow at a low strain speed, the flow is Newtonian, but when the shear deformation speed is increased, the shear thickening liquid slides on the plane of an adjacent layer, the dispersed phase particles are not trapped in pits among adjacent layers, so that the dispersion medium with a lubricating effect among the gaps is less due to the increase of the gaps, namely thickening is realized, the increase rate of the shear stress is larger and larger along with the increase of the shear rate, and the apparent viscosity of the shear thickening liquid is increased along with the increase of the shear rate.
The blasting concentrator 2 in the present invention refers to an existing explosive charge for blasting or an existing equipment for blasting. The explosive used for blasting is a commercially available explosive, and can be one of ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, water gel explosive, emulsion explosive, black powder or nitroglycerine explosive, but is not limited to the above explosive types, and can be any one of explosives suitable for blasting in mine, metallurgy, geotechnical engineering, road, traffic and other engineering.
The equipment for blasting can be gas blasting equipment, but is not limited to the blasting equipment, and can be any blasting equipment suitable for blasting in mine, metallurgy, geotechnical engineering, road, traffic and other engineering.
For example, when a directional gas blaster is used, the shape and/or the direction of the blasting blasthole 1 can be adjusted at will according to the direction of the rock stratum and the blasting requirement, and the blasting direction of the blasting concentrator 2 is correspondingly set to be consistent with the blasting direction of the rock stratum.
Further, the gas explosion device may be a carbon dioxide blaster.
The blasting process is generally divided into two stages, wherein the first stage is that the energy of a blasting energy concentrator is converted into strong compression energy in a certain form; the strong compression in the second stage can rapidly and adiabatically expand to do work externally, so as to cause the deformation, movement and damage of the blasted object.
The strong compression energy works on the water starch 3, the water starch 3 is impacted at a high speed by the strong compression energy, the apparent viscosity is rapidly increased, the water starch 3 is changed into a solid-like phase from a flowable liquid phase, the solid-like phase is hard and elastic, the water starch 3 has a high response speed and shows strong impact resistance, and after the high-speed impact force of the strong compression energy is eliminated, the solid phase is quickly changed into the liquid phase from the solid phase, and the process is reversible.
On the other hand, the water starch 3 is highly compressed by strong compression energy and is transferred by energy, huge internal energy is accumulated, the water starch 3 transfers the internal energy to surrounding blasted objects, the blasting process is delayed, and the blasting process is more moderate. And due to the viscosity of the water starch 3, flying stones generated in the blasting process can be stuck in the water starch 3, so that the soil and stones can not be splashed, and the safety of the blasting process is further improved.
In addition, in order to increase the resistance between the blast hole clogging substance and the inner wall of the blast hole 1 and prevent the entire blast hole clogging substance from being pushed out of the blast hole by the blast pressure, a plurality of concave and convex portions for enhancing the frictional resistance between the inner wall of the blast hole 1 and the water starch 3 are formed on the side wall of the blast hole 1. Specifically, the concave-convex part can be a concave hole, a small bump or a convex rib arranged at intervals.
In the present invention, the blasting concentrator 2 and the water starch 3 may be filled in the blasting hole 1 in the following manner:
in one filling mode, the water starch 3 is filled in the blasting blast hole 1, the blasting energy concentrator 2 is pushed into the blasting blast hole 1, and the water starch 3 completely covers the blasting energy concentrator 2; in the process of pushing the blasting energy concentrator 2 into the blasting blasthole 1, filling water starch 3 between one side of the blasting energy concentrator 2 close to the outlet of the blasting blasthole 1 and the peripheral side surfaces of the blasting energy concentrator 2 and the blasting blasthole 1, and filling rock gaps of the blasting blasthole 1 with the water starch 3; in the blasting process, the energy generated by the blasting concentrator 2 cannot escape through rock gaps, and the blasting power is high.
In another filling mode, the water starch 3 is filled in the blasting hole 1, the blasting energy concentrator 2 is pushed into the blasting hole 1 by clinging to the side wall of the blasting hole 1, and the water starch 3 partially covers the blasting energy concentrator 2; in the process of pushing the blasting energy concentrator 2 into the blasting blasthole 1, water starch 3 is filled between one side, close to the outlet of the blasting blasthole 1, of the blasting energy concentrator 2 and the side wall, not tightly attached to the blasting blasthole 1, of the blasting energy concentrator 2, in the blasting process, the blasting energy concentrator 2 directly acts on the tightly attached side wall, and recoil force is given to the blasting energy concentrator 2 by the shear thickening liquid in the direction of the non-tightly attached side wall and the side close to the outlet of the blasting blasthole 1.
In another filling mode, a blasting concentrator 2 is placed in the blasting hole 1; filling the water starch 3 into a soft bag to ensure that the water starch 3 does not flow out of the soft bag, wherein the soft bag has elasticity and can be stretched and deformed and can be a film soft bag, but is not limited to the film soft bag; placing a soft bag filled with water starch 3 in the blasting blasthole 1, covering one side of the blasting energy concentrator 2 close to the outlet of the blasting blasthole 1, and tightly plugging the blasting blasthole 1 by the soft bag filled with water starch 3;
in other filling modes, the blasting energy concentrator 2 is placed in the blasting blast hole 1, and water starch 3 is filled in the blasting blast hole 1, wherein the water starch 3 completely covers the blasting energy concentrator 2;
in the invention, the filling sequence of the water starch 3 can be selected according to the punching quality of the blasting hole 1; the hole quality of the blasting blasthole 1 is low, the rock gaps are more, water starch 3 can be filled firstly, then the blasting energy concentrator 2 is placed in the blasting blasthole 1, and the water starch 3 fills the rock gaps, so that the energy dissipation in the blasting process is reduced; the blasting blasthole 1 has high hole quality and few rock gaps, water starch 3 can be filled in the blasting blasthole 1, the blasting energy concentrator 2 is placed in the blasting blasthole 1, and the blasting energy concentrator 2 can be placed in the blasting blasthole 1 and filled with the water starch 3.
Further, after the filling step, covering the side of the water starch 3 close to the outlet of the blasting hole 1 with stemming used for hole plugging in the prior art; the thickness of the stemming is 5-10 cm. The stemming may be one or more than two of sand, rock powder or clay, but is not limited to the above stemming types, and the stemming may be any one of the stemming known in the art for blocking the blasting hole 1. A layer of separator is covered between the water starch 3 and the stemming, and the separator can be a film or a paperboard and is used for separating the water starch 3 from the stemming and preventing the stemming from leaking into the water starch 3; the stemming further enhances the blast hole blocking effect.
In the present invention, the setting of the blasting hole 1 may be as follows:
in the tunnel blasting engineering, the blasting blast hole 1 is set as a transverse blasting blast hole, and a blasting energy concentrator 2 is placed behind the blasting blast hole 1; a soft bag filled with water starch 3 is covered on one side of the blasting energy concentrator 2 close to the outlet of the blasting blast hole 1;
in blasting construction, a blasting blast hole 1 is arranged to be a blast hole with the vertical direction upward, and a blasting energy concentrator 2 is placed behind the blasting blast hole 1; one side of the blasting energy concentrator 2 close to the outlet of the blasting blast hole 1 is covered with water starch 3, the water starch 3 completely blocks the blast hole, in the blasting process, the water starch 3 cannot rush out of the blasting blast hole, in the blasting process, strong compression energy generated by blasting can do work on the water starch 3, the water starch 3 gives reaction force to the energy concentrator, energy released by the blasting energy concentrator 2 is offset in the longitudinal direction, the blasting energy concentrator is strengthened in the transverse direction, and the damage degree of blasting objects around the transverse direction is deepened.
In blasting construction, a blasting blast hole 1 is arranged to be a vertically downward blast hole, and a blasting energy concentrator 2 is placed behind the blasting blast hole 1; one side of the blasting energy concentrator 2 close to the outlet of the blasting blast hole 1 is covered with a soft bag filled with water starch 3, and one side of the soft bag close to the outlet of the blasting blast hole 1 is provided with a compressible deformation device for supporting the soft bag and further blocking the blasting blast hole 1.
The degree of freedom of arrangement of the blasting holes 1 is larger, and the blasting effect is not limited by the arrangement mode of the blasting holes 1, namely the arrangement of the positions and the angles of the blasting holes 1.
According to the invention, the aperture of the blasting blast hole is set according to the requirement of blasting engineering, when the blasting needs to be carried out in a wider range and degree, the larger the thickness of the water starch 3 coated on one side of the blasting energy concentrator 2 opposite to the blasting direction is, the stronger the reaction force is given to the blasting energy concentrator 2, and the strong compression energy on one side of the blasting energy concentrator 2 opposite to the blasting direction is offset. Further, the diameter of the blast hole is set to be 30-120 mm.
The thickness of the water starch 3 coated on the opposite side of the blasting direction of the blasting concentrator 2 is at least 20cm, preferably 20-500cm, and can be 20cm, 25cm, 30cm, 35cm, 40cm, 45cm, 50cm, 55cm, 60cm, 65cm, 70cm, 75cm, 80cm, 90cm, 95cm, 100cm, 110cm, 120cm, 130cm, 140cm, 150cm, 160cm, 170cm, 180cm, 200cm, 250cm, 300cm, 350cm, 400cm or 500 cm; but is not limited to the above thickness, and may be any thickness of 20-500 cm.
Filling water starch 3 with the thickness of at least 20cm, preferably 20-500cm, and can be 20cm, 25cm, 30cm, 35cm, 40cm, 45cm, 50cm, 55cm, 60cm, 65cm, 70cm, 75cm, 80cm, 90cm, 95cm, 100cm, 110cm, 120cm, 130cm, 140cm, 150cm, 160cm, 170cm, 180cm, 200cm, 250cm, 300cm, 350cm, 400cm or 500cm on one side of the blasting concentrator 2 close to the outlet of the blasting blasthole 1; but not limited to the above thickness, and may be any thickness of 20-500 cm; the water starch 3 is used for offsetting the strong compression energy at one side of the outlet of the blasting blasthole 1, so that shock waves can not be generated, the blasting force can not rush out of the blasting blasthole 1, and the blasting process is safer.
In the invention, the thickness of the water starch 3 filled between the side wall of the blasting blast hole 1 and the blasting energy concentrator 2 is 1-5 mm; and the rock gap is filled, so that the dissipation of strong compression energy is prevented.
Further, the thickness of water starch 3 filled between the side wall of the blasting hole 1 and the blasting energy concentrator 2 is 1-2 mm; the material is completely filled into rock gaps, so that the dissipation of strong compression energy is prevented; the strong compressive energy imparted by the blasting concentrator 2 to the side wall of the blasting borehole 1 is not counteracted by the water starch 3 in the form of a reaction force.
According to the invention, as the water starch 3 is used for blocking the blasting blastholes 1, the blasting blastholes 1 are tightly blocked, and the blasting noise is greatly reduced. Compare present water seal blasting, cover the water bag on blast apparatus, though can fall to a certain extent and make an uproar, dustproof, nevertheless consider that water can not with blast apparatus direct contact, need independently set up water seal, and the gap in the blasting rock is more, and water loss is more in the rock in the blasting process, has weakened the dustproof effect of making an uproar of falling.
In the schematic diagram shown in fig. 1, water starch 3 is filled in the blasting hole 1; the energy released when the blasting energy concentrator 2 explodes acts on the water starch 3 around the blasting energy concentrator 2, and the thickness of the water starch 3 coated on one side of the blasting energy concentrator 2 opposite to the blasting direction is at least 20 mm; the blasting direction is far away from the opening direction of the blasting blasthole 1, in the blasting process, the water starch 3 coated on one side, opposite to the blasting direction, of the blasting energy concentrator 2 exerts a reaction force on the blasting energy concentrator 2 to offset the strong compression energy in the opening direction of the blasting blasthole 1, no shock wave is generated in the opening direction of the blasting blasthole 1, and the blasting process is safer; and water starch 3 is filled in rock gaps on the peripheral side walls of the blasting blastholes 1, so that the dissipation of the blasting strong compression energy is prevented, and the blasting power is more concentrated.
In the schematic diagram shown in fig. 2, the blasting concentrator 2 is filled with water starch 3 with the thickness of at least 20mm on the side close to the outlet of the blasting hole 1 and between the blasting hole 1 and the peripheral side face of the blasting concentrator 2; no water starch 3 is arranged in other directions; that is, the water starch 3 is not arranged on the side of the blasting energy concentrator 2 far away from the outlet of the blasting hole 1, the energy released by the blasting energy concentrator 2 during blasting directly acts on the inner wall of the side far away from the outlet of the blasting hole 1, and acts on the water starch 3 in other directions; the blasting direction is far away from the opening direction of the blasting blasthole 1, in the blasting process, the water starch 3 coated on one side, opposite to the blasting direction, of the blasting energy concentrator 2 exerts a reaction force on the blasting energy concentrator 2 to offset the strong compression energy in the opening direction of the blasting blasthole 1, no shock wave is generated in the opening direction of the blasting blasthole 1, and the blasting process is safer; the water starch 3 is filled in the rock gap on the peripheral side wall of the blasting hole 1 and the bottom surface of the blasting hole 1, so that the dissipation of the compression energy of the blasting strength is prevented, and the blasting power is more concentrated.
In the schematic diagram shown in fig. 3, the thickness of the water starch 3 filled between the side of the blasting charge 2 close to the outlet of the blasting hole 1 and the side of the blasting charge 1 not close to the blasting hole 1 is at least 20 mm; no water starch 3 is arranged in other directions; that is, the water starch 3 is not arranged at the side of the blasting energy concentrator 2 far away from the outlet of the blasting hole 1 and the place where the blasting energy concentrator 2 contacts with the side of the blasting hole 1, the blasting direction is the side far away from the outlet of the blasting hole and the side where the blasting energy concentrator 2 contacts with the side of the blasting hole 1, and during the blasting process, the water starch 3 is filled between the side of the blasting energy concentrator 2 close to the outlet of the blasting hole 1 and the side of the blasting energy concentrator 2 not close to the blasting hole 1 to give reaction force to the blasting energy concentrator 2 to offset the strong compression energy in the two directions; strong compression energy generated by blasting acts on one side far away from the outlet of the blasting hole and one side of the blasting energy concentrator 2 contacted with the side surface of the blasting hole 1; the blasting process can be suitable for directional blasting engineering.
In the schematic diagram shown in fig. 4, the blasting concentrator 2 is filled with water starch 3 to a thickness of at least 20mm on the side close to the outlet of the blasting hole; no water starch 3 is arranged in other directions; the energy released when the blasting energy concentrator 2 explodes directly acts on the inner wall of one side of an outlet far away from the blasting hole 1 and the side face of the blasting hole 1, the blasting energy concentrator 2 acts on one side close to the outlet of the blasting hole 1 and acts on the water starch 3, the water starch 3 on one side close to the outlet of the blasting hole 1 gives a reaction force to the blasting energy concentrator 2 to offset the strong compression energy in the opening direction of the blasting hole 1, the opening direction of the blasting hole 1 cannot generate shock waves, and the blasting process is safer.
In the schematic diagram shown in fig. 5, at least 20mm of water starch 3 is filled at one side close to the outlet of the blasting blasthole 1, stemming is arranged at the outer side of the water starch 3 at one side close to the outlet of the blasting blasthole 1, the thickness of the stemming is 5-10 cm, and the stemming further blocks the blasting blasthole.
In the blasting process, strong compression energy generated by blasting acts on the water starch 3, and the water starch 3 coated on one side of the blasting direction of the blasting energy concentrator 2, which is opposite to the blasting direction, reacts on the blasting energy concentrator 2 to give recoil to the blasting energy concentrator 2. Because the water starch 3 with the thickness of at least 20cm is coated on the opposite side of the blasting direction of the blasting energy concentrator 2, the water starch 3 at the position gives the reaction force to the blasting energy concentrator 2, the force of the blasting energy concentrator 2 in the direction is counteracted, no shock wave is generated in the opening direction of the blasting blast hole 1, and the blasting process is safer; the thickness of the water starch 3 filled around the blasting energy concentrator 2 is small, even the water starch 3 is not filled around the blasting energy concentrator 2, so the transverse force of the blasting energy concentrator 2 cannot be counteracted, the blasting direction is concentrated in the transverse direction and the direction of the blasting energy concentrator far away from a blasting blast hole, and the water starch coated on the opposite side of the blasting energy concentrator 2 is applied to the recoil force of the blasting energy concentrator 2, the power of the blasting energy concentrator 2 in the blasting direction is more concentrated, the energy released by the blasting energy concentrator 2 is strengthened, the damage degree of the peripheral blasted objects is deepened, the damage degree of the blasted objects is 5-15 times that of common blasting, and the blasting efficiency is high.
The invention uses water starch 3 as the plug of the blasting blast hole 1, the water starch 3 can be divided into two parts, one is the water starch 3 close to the blasting energy concentrator 2, and the other is the water starch 3 far away from the blasting energy concentrator 2;
the water starch 3 close to the blasting energy concentrator 2 is close to the blasting energy concentrator 2, high temperature is generated at the moment of blasting in the blasting process, the temperature is over 1800 ℃, water in the water starch 3 close to the blasting energy concentrator 2 can be rapidly raised under high temperature and high pressure, part of water is vaporized into water vapor, broken bonds of part of water are decomposed and bonded to combine hydrogen and oxygen, and a gaseous mixture of the water vapor, the hydrogen, the oxygen and the air accumulates huge potential energy to do work on the blasted object, so that the blasting process is delayed; after water in the water starch 3 is evaporated, the starch in the water starch 3 is combusted at high temperature, part of the starch is subjected to dust explosion, namely secondary explosion is generated in the explosion process, the explosion power is increased, and after the gaseous mixture does work to release energy, hydrogen and oxygen break and form bonds to be synthesized into water again; the water plays a role in water seal blasting, and can reduce noise and prevent dust; the part of the water starch 3 is changed in shape and is no longer shear thickening liquid;
the water starch 3 far away from the blasting energy concentrator 2 is still shear thickening liquid, and plays two roles in the blasting process, namely, strong compression energy on the opposite side in the blasting direction is offset; secondly, flying stones generated in the blasting process can be stuck in the water starch 3, so that the soil and stones can not be splashed, and the safety of the blasting process is further improved; and the blasting blast hole 1 is tightly blocked, and noise reduction and dust prevention are reduced.
The blasting method and the application of the water starch 3 as the plug of the blasting blasthole 1 are specifically described by the following specific examples:
example one
Water starch, wherein the volume ratio of starch to water is 1.5: 1;
the blasting energy concentrator selects a common TNT explosive bag;
excavating a blasting hole at a position to be blasted;
adding starch into water, stirring for 5-15 min to obtain water starch, pouring the water starch into blasting holes,
placing the common TNT explosive bag in a blasting blast hole, and pushing the common TNT explosive bag into water starch; the water starch completely seals the blasting hole so as to completely bury the blasting concentrator in the blasting hole; filling 10cm of stemming outside the water starch close to one side of the outlet of the blasting hole; a paperboard is arranged between the stemming and the water starch;
detonating the common TNT explosive charge.
Example two
Water starch, wherein the volume ratio of starch to water is 2: 1;
the blasting energy concentrator selects a common TNT explosive bag;
excavating a blasting hole at a position to be blasted;
adding starch into water, stirring for 5-15 min to obtain water starch, pouring the water starch into blasting holes,
placing the common TNT explosive bag in a blasting hole, pushing the common TNT explosive bag into water starch, and completely closing the blasting hole by the water starch so as to completely bury the blasting concentrator in the blasting hole; filling 5cm of stemming outside the water starch close to one side of the outlet of the blasting hole; a paperboard is arranged between the stemming and the water starch;
detonating the common TNT explosive charge.
EXAMPLE III
Water starch, wherein the volume ratio of starch to water is 2.5: 1;
the blasting energy concentrator selects a common TNT explosive bag;
excavating a blasting hole at a position to be blasted;
adding starch into water, stirring for 5-15 min to obtain water starch, pouring the water starch into blasting holes,
placing the common TNT explosive bag in a blasting blast hole, and pushing the common TNT explosive bag into water starch; the water starch completely seals the blasting hole so as to completely bury the blasting concentrator in the blasting hole; filling 5cm of stemming outside the water starch close to one side of the outlet of the blasting hole; a paperboard is arranged between the stemming and the water starch;
detonating the common TNT explosive charge.
Example four
Water starch, wherein the volume ratio of starch to water is 3: 1;
the blasting energy concentrator selects a common TNT explosive bag;
excavating a blasting hole at a position to be blasted;
adding starch into water, stirring for 5-15 min to obtain water starch, pouring the water starch into blasting holes,
placing the common TNT explosive bag in a blasting blast hole, and pushing the common TNT explosive bag into water starch; the water starch completely seals the blasting hole so as to completely bury the blasting concentrator in the blasting hole; filling 7cm of stemming outside the water starch close to one side of the outlet of the blasting hole; a paperboard is arranged between the stemming and the water starch;
detonating the common TNT explosive charge.
EXAMPLE five
Water starch, wherein the volume ratio of starch to water is 3.5: 1;
the blasting energy concentrator selects a common TNT explosive bag;
excavating a blasting hole at a position to be blasted;
adding starch into water, stirring for 5-15 min to obtain water starch, pouring the water starch into blasting holes,
placing the common TNT explosive bag in a blasting blast hole, and pushing the common TNT explosive bag into water starch; the water starch completely seals the blasting hole so as to completely bury the blasting concentrator in the blasting hole; filling 8cm of stemming outside the water starch close to one side of the outlet of the blasting hole; a paperboard is arranged between the stemming and the water starch;
detonating the common TNT explosive charge.
EXAMPLE six
Water starch, wherein the volume ratio of starch to water is 4: 1;
the blasting energy concentrator selects a common TNT explosive bag;
excavating a blasting hole at a position to be blasted;
adding starch into water, stirring for 5-15 min to obtain water starch, pouring the water starch into blasting holes,
placing the common TNT explosive bag in a blasting blast hole, and pushing the common TNT explosive bag into water starch; the water starch completely seals the blasting hole so as to completely bury the blasting concentrator in the blasting hole;
detonating the common TNT explosive charge.
EXAMPLE seven
Water starch, wherein the volume ratio of starch to water is 4.5: 1;
the blasting energy concentrator selects a common TNT explosive bag;
excavating a blasting hole at a position to be blasted;
adding starch into water, stirring for 5-15 min to obtain water starch, pouring the water starch into blasting holes,
placing the common TNT explosive bag in a blasting blast hole, and pushing the common TNT explosive bag into water starch; the water starch completely seals the blasting hole so as to completely bury the blasting concentrator in the blasting hole;
detonating the common TNT explosive charge.
Example eight
Water starch, wherein the volume ratio of starch to water is 5: 1;
the blasting energy concentrator selects a common TNT explosive bag;
excavating a blasting hole at a position to be blasted;
adding starch into water, stirring for 5-15 min to obtain water starch, pouring the water starch into blasting holes,
placing the common TNT explosive bag in a blasting blast hole, and pushing the common TNT explosive bag into water starch; the water starch completely seals the blasting hole so as to completely bury the blasting concentrator in the blasting hole;
detonating the common TNT explosive charge.
Example nine
Water starch, wherein the volume ratio of starch to water is 5.5: 1;
the blasting energy concentrator selects a common TNT explosive bag;
excavating a blasting hole at a position to be blasted;
adding starch into water, stirring for 5-15 min to obtain water starch, pouring the water starch into blasting holes,
placing the common TNT explosive bag in a blasting blast hole, and pushing the common TNT explosive bag into water starch; the water starch completely seals the blasting hole so as to completely bury the blasting concentrator in the blasting hole;
detonating the common TNT explosive charge.
Example ten
Water starch, wherein the volume ratio of starch to water is 6: 1;
the blasting energy concentrator selects a common TNT explosive bag;
excavating a blasting hole at a position to be blasted;
adding starch into water, stirring for 5-15 min to obtain water starch, pouring the water starch into blasting holes,
placing the common TNT explosive bag in a blasting blast hole, and pushing the common TNT explosive bag into water starch; the water starch completely seals the blasting hole so as to completely bury the blasting concentrator in the blasting hole;
detonating the common TNT explosive charge.
EXAMPLE eleven
Water starch, wherein the volume ratio of starch to water is 1.5: 1;
the blasting concentrator adopts gas blasting equipment, for example, in an optional embodiment, CN106643314A can be selected, the invention name of the applicant applied by Guo Yun at 2016, 12 and 21 is 'an inflation and gas locking integrated blasting device', and the blasting device has the advantages of high power, controllable directivity and the like;
excavating a blasting hole at a position to be blasted, and placing the gas blasting equipment in the blasting hole;
adding starch into water according to the proportion, uniformly stirring for about 5-15 minutes to prepare water starch, and pouring the water starch into the blasting blasthole provided with the gas blasting equipment so as to fill the water starch between the blasting blasthole and the gas blasting equipment; wherein the water starch completely closes the blasting hole to completely bury the blasting concentrator within the blasting hole;
detonating the explosive concentrator.
Example twelve
Water starch, wherein the volume ratio of starch to water is 2: 1;
the blasting concentrator adopts gas blasting equipment, for example, in an optional embodiment, CN106643314A can be selected, the invention name of the applicant applied by Guo Yun at 2016, 12 and 21 is 'an inflation and gas locking integrated blasting device', and the blasting device has the advantages of high power, controllable directivity and the like;
excavating a blasting hole at a position to be blasted, and placing the gas blasting equipment in the blasting hole;
adding starch into water according to the proportion, uniformly stirring for about 5-15 minutes to prepare water starch, and pouring the water starch into the blasting blasthole provided with the gas blasting equipment so as to fill the water starch between the blasting blasthole and the gas blasting equipment; wherein the water starch completely closes the blasting hole to completely bury the blasting concentrator within the blasting hole;
detonating the explosive concentrator.
EXAMPLE thirteen
Water starch, wherein the volume ratio of starch to water is 2.5: 1;
the blasting concentrator adopts gas blasting equipment, for example, in an optional embodiment, CN106643314A can be selected, the invention name of the applicant applied by Guo Yun at 2016, 12 and 21 is 'an inflation and gas locking integrated blasting device', and the blasting device has the advantages of high power, controllable directivity and the like;
excavating a blasting hole at a position to be blasted, and placing the gas blasting equipment in the blasting hole;
adding starch into water according to the proportion, uniformly stirring for about 5-15 minutes to prepare water starch, and pouring the water starch into the blasting blasthole provided with the gas blasting equipment so as to fill the water starch between the blasting blasthole and the gas blasting equipment; wherein the water starch completely closes the blasting hole to completely bury the blasting concentrator within the blasting hole;
detonating the explosive concentrator.
Example fourteen
Water starch, wherein the volume ratio of starch to water is 3: 1;
the blasting concentrator adopts gas blasting equipment, for example, in an optional embodiment, CN106643314A can be selected, the invention name of the applicant applied by Guo Yun at 2016, 12 and 21 is 'an inflation and gas locking integrated blasting device', and the blasting device has the advantages of high power, controllable directivity and the like;
excavating a blasting hole at a position to be blasted, and placing the gas blasting equipment in the blasting hole;
adding starch into water according to the proportion, uniformly stirring for about 5-15 minutes to prepare water starch, and pouring the water starch into the blasting blasthole provided with the gas blasting equipment so as to fill the water starch between the blasting blasthole and the gas blasting equipment; wherein the water starch completely closes the blasting hole to completely bury the blasting concentrator within the blasting hole;
detonating the explosive concentrator.
Example fifteen
Water starch, wherein the volume ratio of starch to water is 3.5: 1;
the blasting concentrator adopts gas blasting equipment, for example, in an optional embodiment, CN106643314A can be selected, the invention name of the applicant applied by Guo Yun at 2016, 12 and 21 is 'an inflation and gas locking integrated blasting device', and the blasting device has the advantages of high power, controllable directivity and the like;
excavating a blasting hole at a position to be blasted, and placing the gas blasting equipment in the blasting hole;
adding starch into water according to the proportion, uniformly stirring for about 5-15 minutes to prepare water starch, and pouring the water starch into the blasting blasthole provided with the gas blasting equipment so as to fill the water starch between the blasting blasthole and the gas blasting equipment; wherein the water starch completely closes the blasting hole to completely bury the blasting concentrator within the blasting hole;
detonating the explosive concentrator.
Example sixteen
Water starch, wherein the volume ratio of starch to water is 4: 1;
the blasting concentrator adopts gas blasting equipment, for example, in an optional embodiment, CN106643314A can be selected, the invention name of the applicant applied by Guo Yun at 2016, 12 and 21 is 'an inflation and gas locking integrated blasting device', and the blasting device has the advantages of high power, controllable directivity and the like;
excavating a blasting hole at a position to be blasted, and placing the gas blasting equipment in the blasting hole;
adding starch into water according to the proportion, uniformly stirring for about 5-15 minutes to prepare water starch, and pouring the water starch into the blasting blasthole provided with the gas blasting equipment so as to fill the water starch between the blasting blasthole and the gas blasting equipment; wherein the water starch completely closes the blasting hole to completely bury the blasting concentrator within the blasting hole;
detonating the explosive concentrator.
Example seventeen
Water starch, wherein the volume ratio of starch to water is 4.5: 1;
the blasting concentrator adopts gas blasting equipment, for example, in an optional embodiment, CN106643314A can be selected, the invention name of the applicant applied by Guo Yun at 2016, 12 and 21 is 'an inflation and gas locking integrated blasting device', and the blasting device has the advantages of high power, controllable directivity and the like;
excavating a blasting hole at a position to be blasted, and placing the gas blasting equipment in the blasting hole;
adding starch into water according to the proportion, uniformly stirring for about 5-15 minutes to prepare water starch, and pouring the water starch into the blasting blasthole provided with the gas blasting equipment so as to fill the water starch between the blasting blasthole and the gas blasting equipment; wherein the water starch completely closes the blasting hole to completely bury the blasting concentrator within the blasting hole;
detonating the explosive concentrator.
EXAMPLE eighteen
Water starch, wherein the volume ratio of starch to water is 5: 1;
the blasting concentrator adopts gas blasting equipment, for example, in an optional embodiment, CN106643314A can be selected, the invention name of the applicant applied by Guo Yun at 2016, 12 and 21 is 'an inflation and gas locking integrated blasting device', and the blasting device has the advantages of high power, controllable directivity and the like;
excavating a blasting hole at a position to be blasted, and placing the gas blasting equipment in the blasting hole;
adding starch into water according to the proportion, uniformly stirring for about 5-15 minutes to prepare water starch, and pouring the water starch into the blasting blasthole provided with the gas blasting equipment so as to fill the water starch between the blasting blasthole and the gas blasting equipment; wherein the water starch completely closes the blasting hole to completely bury the blasting concentrator within the blasting hole;
detonating the explosive concentrator.
Example nineteen
Water starch, wherein the volume ratio of starch to water is 5.5: 1;
the blasting concentrator adopts gas blasting equipment, for example, in an optional embodiment, CN106643314A can be selected, the invention name of the applicant applied by Guo Yun at 2016, 12 and 21 is 'an inflation and gas locking integrated blasting device', and the blasting device has the advantages of high power, controllable directivity and the like;
excavating a blasting hole at a position to be blasted, and placing the gas blasting equipment in the blasting hole;
adding starch into water according to the proportion, uniformly stirring for about 5-15 minutes to prepare water starch, and pouring the water starch into the blasting blasthole provided with the gas blasting equipment so as to fill the water starch between the blasting blasthole and the gas blasting equipment; wherein the water starch completely closes the blasting hole to completely bury the blasting concentrator within the blasting hole;
detonating the explosive concentrator.
Example twenty
Water starch, wherein the volume ratio of starch to water is 6: 1;
the blasting concentrator adopts gas blasting equipment, for example, in an optional embodiment, CN106643314A can be selected, the invention name of the applicant applied by Guo Yun at 2016, 12 and 21 is 'an inflation and gas locking integrated blasting device', and the blasting device has the advantages of high power, controllable directivity and the like;
excavating a blasting hole at a position to be blasted, and placing the gas blasting equipment in the blasting hole;
adding starch into water according to the proportion, uniformly stirring for about 5-15 minutes to prepare water starch, and pouring the water starch into the blasting blasthole provided with the gas blasting equipment so as to fill the water starch between the blasting blasthole and the gas blasting equipment; wherein the water starch completely closes the blasting hole to completely bury the blasting concentrator within the blasting hole;
detonating the explosive concentrator.
Comparative example 1
Adopting ordinary cement as a blast hole plug;
the blasting energy storage device selects a common TNT explosive bag;
in the same blasting places as in the first to twenty embodiments, a position close to the blasting environment in the above embodiment is selected, a blasting hole is dug, and the normal TNT explosive is placed in the blasting hole;
pouring ordinary cement into the blasting blasthole provided with the ordinary TNT explosive package, and filling the ordinary cement between the blasting blasthole and the ordinary TNT explosive package;
after 3-5 hours, after the cement is basically dried, covering the blasting hole with a covering such as a waste tire or a rubber pad;
and detonating the blasting energy storage device.
Comparative example 2
Adopting ordinary cement as a blast hole plug;
the blasting energy storage adopts gas blasting equipment, for example, in an optional embodiment, CN106643314A can be selected, the invention name of the applicant Guo Yun applied in 2016, 12 and 21 is 'an inflation and gas locking integrated blasting device', the blasting device has the advantages of great power, controllable directivity and the like;
in the same blasting places as in the first to twenty embodiments, a position close to the blasting environment of the above embodiment is selected, a blasting hole is dug, and the normal TNT explosive charge is placed in the blasting hole;
pouring ordinary cement into the blasting blasthole provided with the ordinary TNT explosive package, and filling the ordinary cement between the blasting blasthole and the ordinary TNT explosive package;
after 3-5 hours, after the cement is basically dried, covering the blasting hole with a covering such as a waste tire or a rubber pad;
and detonating the blasting energy storage device.
Performing statistical analysis on the distribution of the blasting bulkiness of the blasted objects after blasting in the embodiments and the comparative examples, wherein the blasting degree of the blasted objects adopts the blasting width of the blasted objects as an index; the distribution range size and the block size uniformity degree of the broken stone after the blasting of the blasted object are selected as the blasting effect, and the large block rate is used as an index.
The results are as follows:
1. comparative example one-piece degree distribution Table
Bulk/cm 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-25 25-50 50-75 75-100 100-125 >125
Percent/%) 17.3 3.4 5.2 4.2 18.2 24.9 18.2 8.5 0.1
In the first comparative example, ordinary cement is used as a blast hole plugging material in the blasting process, and an ordinary TNT explosive charge is selected as the blasting energy storage device.
According to the block size distribution table of the comparative example, it can be known that only 27.6% of the crushed stones are distributed between 10cm and 50cm after blasting, the distribution range of the crushed stones is wide, the uniformity of the block sizes is low, and the large block rate after blasting is high; the average bulk after blasting was 50.1cm and the maximum bulk was 126.5 cm.
2. Table of two-block size distribution of comparative example
Bulk/cm 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-25 25-50 50-75 75-100 100-125 >125
Percent/%) 16.5 2.1 3.3 4.5 20.2 35.4 15.2 2.8 0
In the second comparative example, ordinary cement is used as a blast hole plug in the blasting process, the blasting energy storage device is gas blasting equipment, CN106643314A is selected, and the invention name of the applicant Guo Yun applied in 2016, 12 and 21 is 'an inflation and gas locking integrated blasting device'.
According to the second-grade distribution table of the comparative example, it can be known that only 28% of the crushed stones are distributed between 10cm and 50cm after blasting, the distribution range of the crushed stones is wide, the uniformity of the grade of the crushed stones is low, and the large block rate after blasting is high; the average bulk after blasting was 48cm and the maximum bulk was 108.5 cm.
3. Example one to example ten average Block size distribution Table
Bulk/cm 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-25 25-50 50-75 75-100 100-125 >125
Percent/%) 11.2 9.1 16.3 45.1 15.6 2.7 0 0 0
In the first to tenth embodiments, water starch is used as a blast hole plugging material in the blasting process, the blasting energy storage device is common TNT explosive, and according to the average block size distribution table in the first to tenth embodiments, it can be known that no crushed stone larger than 75cm exists, and the large block rate after blasting is low; after blasting, 45.1 percent of crushed stones are distributed between 15 cm and 25cm, 77 percent of crushed stones are distributed between 10cm and 50cm, and the uniformity of the block size after blasting is high; the average bulk after blasting was 19.6cm, the average bulk after blasting was small, and the maximum bulk was 74.2 cm. The degree of damage to the blasted object is 5-12 times that of the comparative example. And stemming covers the starch pentahydrate from the first embodiment to the second embodiment, so that the blocking effect is better.
4. Table of average block size distributions for examples eleven to twenty
Bulk/cm 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-25 25-50 50-75 75-100 100-125 >125
Percent/%) 11.5 8.1 13.3 53.3 13.6 0.2 0 0 0
In the eleventh embodiment to the twentieth embodiment, water starch is used as a blast hole plugging material in the blasting process, a gas blasting device is used as a blasting energy storage device, CN106643314A is used, and the invention name of the applicant Guo Yong applied in 2016, 12 and 21 is 'an inflation and gas locking integrated blasting device'.
According to the average block size distribution tables of the eleventh to twenty embodiments, it can be seen that there is no crushed stone larger than 75cm and the large block rate after blasting is low; 53.3 percent of crushed stones are distributed between 15 cm and 25cm after blasting, 80.2 percent of crushed stones are distributed between 10cm and 50cm, and the uniformity of the block size after blasting is high; the average bulk after blasting was 18.4cm, the average bulk after blasting was small, and the maximum bulk was 51.2 cm. The damage degree of the blasted object is 10-15 times of the blasting degree of the comparative example, the uniformity of the blasting bulk is higher, the large block rate is low, the blasting effect is good, and the blasting efficiency is high.
According to the blasting results, the water starch is used as the blast hole plugging material in the first embodiment to the twenty embodiments, the blasting blast hole is tightly plugged, the blasting noise can be greatly weakened, flying stones are hardly generated in the blasting process, the generated noise is low, and the common cement used as the blast hole plugging material has a large amount of cement blocks and flying stones, so that the noise is sharp and harsh.
The invention uses water starch as blasting hole plug, the water starch can be divided into two parts, one is the water starch close to the blasting energy concentrator, and the other is the water starch far away from the blasting energy concentrator.
The water starch close to the blasting energy concentrator is close to the blasting energy concentrator, high temperature is generated at the blasting moment in the blasting process, the temperature is over 1800 ℃, water in the water starch close to the blasting energy concentrator can be rapidly raised at high temperature and high pressure, part of water is vaporized into water vapor, part of water is broken and bonded to combine into hydrogen and oxygen, and a gaseous mixture of the water vapor, the hydrogen, the oxygen and the air accumulates huge potential energy to do work on the blasted object, so that the blasting process is delayed; after water in the water starch is evaporated, the starch in the water starch is combusted at high temperature, part of the starch is subjected to dust explosion, namely secondary explosion is generated in the explosion process, the explosion power is increased, and after the gaseous mixture does work to release energy, hydrogen and oxygen break and form bonds to be synthesized into water again; the water plays a role in water seal blasting, and can reduce noise and prevent dust; this portion of the aqueous starch is morphologically altered and is no longer a shear thickening fluid.
The water starch far away from the blasting energy concentrator is still shear thickening liquid, and flying stones generated in the blasting process can be stuck in the water starch, so that soil and stones can not be splashed, and the safety of the blasting process is further improved; and the blasting blast hole is tightly blocked, and noise reduction and dust prevention are reduced.
In addition, the blasting degree of using the water starch as the blasting hole plug is 5 to 15 times that of using the ordinary cement as the blasting hole plug in the comparative example; the blasting process is more relaxed, can not produce powerful air shock wave, can not cause the injury to all ring edge borders and staff, and the blasting noise is little, and the blasting process is safe.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the present specification and directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields within the spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method of blasting, the method comprising the steps of:
filling water starch in the blasting hole, wherein the water starch completely or partially coats the blasting energy concentrator in the blasting hole; the water starch completely seals the blasting hole so as to completely bury the blasting concentrator in the blasting hole; a plurality of concave-convex parts used for enhancing the frictional resistance between the inner wall of the blasting hole and the water starch are arranged on the side wall of the blasting hole;
detonating the explosive concentrator;
the water starch is a shear thickening liquid and is a mixed suspension of starch and water, and is prepared by the following steps: adding starch into water, and uniformly stirring to prepare water starch; the volume ratio of the starch to the water is 1.5-7: 1;
setting the blasting direction of the blasting energy concentrator to be consistent with the blasting direction of the rock stratum according to the blasting direction of the rock stratum;
wherein, one side opposite to the blasting direction of the blasting concentrator is coated with the water starch;
the thickness of the water starch coated on the side opposite to the blasting direction of the blasting concentrator is 20-500 cm.
2. A blasting method according to claim 1, wherein water starch is filled in the blasting hole, and the step of fully or partially coating the blasting concentrator in the blasting hole with the water starch comprises the following specific steps: and placing a blasting energy concentrator in the blasting blast hole, and filling water starch in the blasting blast hole.
3. A blasting method according to claim 1, wherein water starch is filled in the blasting hole, and the step of fully or partially coating the blasting concentrator in the blasting hole with the water starch comprises the following specific steps: and filling water starch into the blasting blast hole, and pushing the blasting energy concentrator into the water starch in the blasting blast hole.
4. A blasting method according to claim 1, wherein the step of filling the blast holes with water starch specifically comprises:
and the thickness of water starch filled in one side of the blasting concentrator close to the outlet of the blasting blast hole is at least 20 cm.
5. A method of blasting according to claim 4, wherein the stemming is packed outside the water-based starch on a side adjacent to an outlet of said blast hole, said stemming having a thickness of from 5 to 10 cm.
6. Use of water starch as a plug for blasting blastholes, characterized in that a blasting concentrator is detonated by means of the blasting method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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