CN109225529B - Chinese herbal medicine root and branch crushing and separation equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for crushing and separating Chinese herbal medicine roots and branches. The device includes a bracket and a vertical cylinder. There is a rotating spindle in the center of the cylinder installed vertically through upper and lower shaft sleeves. The upper end of the rotating spindle is connected to the motor through a coupling. , the lower part of the rotating spindle is vertically fixed with a crushing hammer. There is a feed hopper on the upper side of the cylinder and an outlet hopper on the bottom. The invention is suitable for cutting and crushing Chinese medicinal materials containing branches, leaves or rhizomes. The barrel of the equipment contains a cutting area and a crushing area, thereby simplifying the processing procedures of Chinese medicinal materials and eliminating the need to use cutting steps and cutting equipment. Knife crushing and filtration are completed in one step. It is especially suitable for the crushing and separation processing of newly unearthed medicinal materials or medicinal materials with strong willfulness or large branches and leaves. The processing efficiency is high and the effect is good.

Description

Chinese herbal medicine root and branch crushing and separation equipment

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine crushing and processing equipment, and specifically relates to a Chinese herbal medicine root and branch crushing and separation equipment.

Background technique

Traditional Chinese medicine, also known as Chinese herbal medicine, includes botanical medicine, animal medicine and mineral medicine. Botanical medicine is taken from the roots, stems, leaves, fruits or whole plants of plant medicines, accounting for the majority of traditional Chinese medicine. Animal medicine is taken from the internal organs and skin of specific animals. , bones and organs, etc. Most Chinese herbal medicines are roots, stems, and leaves of plants. The roots, stems, leaves, and juices of some medicinal materials have medicinal value. When using medicinal materials, in order to improve the efficacy of the medicinal materials, they need to be cleaned, dried, screened, and crushed. It can only be used by patients after grinding to ensure the effect of brewing. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine crushing and grinding usually uses a guillotine to cut and crush the Chinese herbal medicine, and then mechanical energy can be used to crush or grind the Chinese herbal medicine. For example, a mortar and a pestle with a grinding plate are used to grind the Chinese herbal medicine. This method is used to crush the Chinese herbal medicine. , it is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, difficult to operate, has low efficiency and poor grinding effect, but also can use machinery to crush Chinese herbal medicine. Generally, a pulverizer is used to crush it (it must be cut into small pieces first and then developed into powder), some of which Chinese herbal medicines have more fiber components and higher toughness. Ordinary crushers are only suitable for crushing and processing dry and easily broken medicinal materials. For Chinese herbal medicines with thick stems and roots and good toughness, existing crushers cannot completely crush them, and may even cause Crushing equipment does not work properly linearly. In addition, some Chinese medicinal materials, such as animal bones, horns and crustaceans, are hard and difficult to crush and process directly. Some multi-functional crushers can be used to process a small number of Chinese herbal medicines that are stubborn and difficult to crush. However, they actually use multiple processing procedures, such as cutting into sections and then drying or directly crushing and screening. They are formed through the combination of multiple different processing machines. The production line cannot achieve complete crushing through a single machine. On the other hand, existing vertical cylindrical processing equipment is rarely used for the processing of Chinese medicinal materials. However, the vertical cylindrical crushing equipment has its advantages, that is, it can realize continuous operation of feeding and discharging, and the medicinal materials can be evenly dispersed during the mixing process. Around the teeth, the medicinal materials can fall freely while stirring using their own weight, and the stirring distance can be lengthened to improve the crushing effect.

Contents of the invention

In view of the problems and deficiencies existing in the existing Chinese herbal medicine crushing and separation equipment, the present invention provides a Chinese herbal medicine root and branch crushing and separation equipment, which has the functional characteristics of simultaneous sawing and crushing and continuous processing.

The solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is to adopt a Chinese herbal medicine root and branch crushing and separation equipment. The equipment includes a bracket and a vertical cylinder. It is vertically installed in the cylinder through upper and lower shaft sleeves and has a rotating spindle in the center. The rotating spindle The upper end is connected to the motor transmission through a coupling, and a crushing hammer is fixed vertically on the lower part of the rotating main shaft. There is a feed hopper on the upper side of the cylinder and an outlet hopper on the bottom.

Among them, a circular transverse saw blade is fixedly installed on the upper part of the main shaft. There is a cutting gap between the edge of the transverse saw blade and the inner wall of the cylinder. A reinforced support plate is fixed on the upper side of the transverse saw blade. Shafts are distributed on the reinforced support plate. The frame is equipped with a horizontal rotating shaft, and a vertical saw blade and a driven wheel are fixed on the horizontal rotating shaft. The vertical saw blade and the driven wheel are integrated structures.

At the same time, at least one fixed shaft is fixedly installed in the radial direction on the main shaft located on the upper side of the transverse saw blade. A driven gear is installed on each fixed shaft through a bearing, and a driving wheel, that is, the driven gear, is fixed on the outer side of the driven gear. Integrated with the driving wheel. Each driving wheel is transmission connected with the corresponding driven wheel.

A fixed sleeve is provided on the upper side of the driven gear. The fixed sleeve is installed on the inner wall of the cylinder through a fixed rod. The fixed sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the main shaft, but there is a matching gap between the inner wall of the fixed sleeve and the outer wall of the main shaft. A ring gear is provided at a circumferential position on the lower side of the fixed sleeve, and the ring gear meshes with the driven gear. A movable conical cover is installed on the upper side of the transverse saw blade or on the upper side of the reinforced support plate, and a relief hole is provided on the movable conical cover for allowing the vertical saw blade to extend out of the movable conical cover; A fixed conical cover is installed on the fixed rod, and the fixed conical cover is sleeved on the outside of the movable conical cover with a matching gap.

Furthermore, an auxiliary pusher tooth is fixed radially on the inner wall of the cylinder and on the upper side of the transverse saw blade. The main function of the auxiliary pusher tooth is to cooperate with the transverse saw blade to block and saw thick branches.

Instead, a filter can be installed on the inner wall of the cylinder located below the crushing hammer and above the discharge hopper, and a cleaning port can be set on the side wall of the cylinder to achieve the crushing and filtering effect and regular cleaning of impurities that cannot be filtered.

A side-pushing protective cover is further added to protect the vertical saw blade. That is, a side-pushing protective cover is fixed on the upper side of the horizontal saw blade or the reinforced support plate and on the side in the direction of rotation. The width of the side-pushing protective cover is larger than that of the vertical saw blade. The width of the saw blade allows the vertical saw blade to be wrapped from one side of the vertical saw blade, but there is a gap between the side push guard and the vertical saw blade. The use of a side-pushing protective cover can significantly improve the processing intensity of the equipment for thick rhizome plants.

Set the vertical saw blade to be non-radial, that is, there is a separation distance d between the center plane delay line of the vertical saw blade and the center of the transverse saw blade, d>0, and the radius of the transverse saw blade is r, d/r=0.08. It is beneficial for the vertical saw blade to form an acute angle with the medicinal materials being cut.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

1. The present invention is suitable for cutting and crushing Chinese medicinal materials containing branches, leaves or rhizomes. The barrel of the equipment contains a cutting area and a crushing area, thereby simplifying the processing procedures of Chinese medicinal materials and eliminating the need to use cutting steps and cutting equipment. Crush and filter from cutting knife to complete in one step. It is especially suitable for the crushing and separation processing of newly unearthed medicinal materials or medicinal materials with strong willfulness or large branches and leaves. The processing efficiency is high and the effect is good.

2. The barrel of the equipment of the present invention contains transverse saw blades and vertical saw blades, so that stems and branches with high fiber content or thick roots can be cut from different directions to achieve preliminary crushing purposes. The invention is used to drive the horizontal saw blade to rotate and at the same time drive the vertical saw blade to rotate through the fixed sleeve and the lower ring gear. It not only realizes the single-drive multi-saw blade rotation function, but also synchronizes the horizontal saw blade and the vertical saw blade. Turn.

3. In the present invention, the feed medicinal materials can be guided to the side wall of the cylinder by means of the fixed conical cover and the movable conical cover, and are located at convenient positions for the transverse saw blade and the vertical saw blade to facilitate cutting processing. The fixed cone cover and the movable cone cover can also well protect the safety of each gear assembly and transmission structure, as well as the safety of the vertical saw blade.

4. The auxiliary pusher teeth that facilitate the fixation of the inner wall of the cylinder can restrain the rotation speed of large branches and leaves of medicinal materials to facilitate the sawing action of the transverse saw blade.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the A-A section in Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the side guard installed on the vertical saw blade.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the center plane of the vertical saw blade and the center of the vertical saw blade.

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the passive drive structure.

FIG. 7 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of FIG. 6 .

Detailed ways

Aiming at the crushing process of medicinal materials with strong toughness and thick stems and roots, the present invention does not require separate chopping of the medicinal materials. Instead, the medicinal materials are directly poured from the device feeding hopper 5 as shown in Figure 1, and the power is turned on until the medicinal materials are discharged. The crushed material is discharged from the material port. Part of the unusable and crushed waste materials are regularly cleared from the clearance port 31. The whole machine is simple and convenient to operate, and can realize continuous crushing and medicinal material separation and processing operations.

Embodiment 1: As shown in Figure 1, this equipment is improved on the basis of the existing cylindrical pulverizer, and includes the main structure of the existing cylindrical pulverizer, that is, it includes a vertical cylinder 2, with a bracket 1 fixed at the lower end. The upper sleeve 23 and the lower sleeve 25 are vertically installed in the center of the cylinder 2 with a rotating spindle 3 (the lower sleeve 25 is fixed at the bottom of the cylinder through a fixed frame). A sealing cover is provided at the upper end of the cylinder 2 and a motor 4 is installed. , the rotating spindle 3 is connected with the motor 4 (directly connected or through a gearbox). A crushing hammer 7 is fixed vertically on the lower part of the rotating main shaft 3, a feed hopper 5 is provided on the upper side of the cylinder 2, and a discharge hopper 6 is provided on the bottom.

On the basis of the above cylinder 2 crusher, the crushing part inside the cylinder 2 is moved downward, and a sawing mechanism is set up on the upper side of the cylinder 2, so that the upper side of the cylinder 2 is used as the sawing area, and the lower side is used as the sawing area. The crushing area, and the filter 30 installed on the inner wall of the cylinder 2 located below the crushing hammer 7 and above the discharge hopper 6, form a Chinese herbal medicine root and branch crushing and separation equipment to achieve the effect of sawing and crushing at the same time.

However, in order to improve the sawing performance, this embodiment adopts the synchronized working principle of multi-directional saw blades as shown in Figure 2, which can cut stems and branches with high fiber content or thick roots from different directions to achieve the purpose of preliminary crushing.

In Figure 2, a circular transverse saw blade 8 is fixedly installed on the upper part of the spindle 3, and there is a cutting gap between the edge of the transverse saw blade 8 and the inner wall of the cylinder 2. By means of the fixed conical cover 19 and the movable conical cover 32, the feed medicinal materials can be guided to the side wall of the cylinder 2 and located at convenient positions of the transverse saw blade 8 and the vertical saw blade 9 to facilitate cutting processing. It can cut stems, branches and roots with high fiber content or thick roots from different directions to achieve the purpose of preliminary crushing.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, a reinforced support plate 10 is fixed on the upper side of the transverse saw blade 8. A shaft frame 11 is distributed on the reinforced support plate 10 and a transverse rotation axis 12 is installed. A vertical saw is fixed on the transverse rotation axis 12. Piece 9 and driven pulley 13. A relief hole 26 is provided on the transverse saw blade 8 and the reinforced support plate 10 so that a part of the vertical saw blade is located in the relief hole 26 .

At the same time, three fixed shafts 15 are fixedly installed on the main shaft 3 in the radial direction. Specifically, three fixed shafts 15 are fixed in the radial direction on the outside of a fixed ring 27 . The three fixed axes 15 are distributed at intervals of 120 degrees. A driven gear 16 is mounted on the fixed shaft 15 through a bearing, and a driving pulley 14 is fixed on the outer side of the driven gear 16. That is, the driven gear 16 and the driving pulley 14 are an integrated structure. The driving pulley 14 is drivingly connected to the corresponding driven pulley 13 through a belt 22 .

As shown in Figures 6 and 7, a fixed sleeve 17 is provided on the upper side of the driven gear 16, and the fixed sleeve 17 is installed on the inner wall of the cylinder 2 through a fixed rod 18. There is a fitting gap between the inner wall of the fixed sleeve 17 and the outer wall of the main shaft 3, or a bearing 20 is installed in the fitting gap to improve the stability of the fixed sleeve 17. A ring gear 21 is provided at the lower circumferential position of the fixed sleeve 17 , and the ring gear 21 meshes with the driven gear 16 . Among them, the ring gear 21 and the driven gear 16 can mesh in the form of spur gears or bevel gears. When meshing in the form of spur gears, use hard wear-resistant metal alloy materials and reduce the thickness of the gears as much as possible. While driving the horizontal saw blade 8 to rotate, the vertical saw blade 9 is driven to rotate through the fixed sleeve 17 and the lower ring gear 21, which not only realizes the single-drive multi-saw blade rotation function, but also realizes the rotation function of the horizontal saw blade 8 and the vertical saw blade. The pieces 9 rotate synchronously. By setting an appropriate gear ratio, the rotational speed of the vertical saw blade can be adjusted so that the vertical saw blade can achieve the best cutting effect.

The distribution characteristic of the fixed rods 18 is that three fixed rods 18 are distributed at intervals of 120 degrees, or the angle between two fixed rods 18 is a larger angle such as 90 degrees or 135 degrees. Moreover, the feeding hopper is located above the gap between two adjacent fixed rods 18, thereby preventing the fixed rods 18 from blocking the falling of the Chinese herbal medicine during the feeding process.

Regarding the movable cone cover 32 and the fixed cone cover 19, as shown in Figure 2, the movable cone cover 32 is installed on the upper side of the transverse saw blade 8 or the upper side of the reinforced support plate 10. The movable cone cover 32 is A relief hole is provided for allowing the vertical saw blade 9 to extend out of the movable conical cover 32 . A fixed conical cover 19 is installed on the fixed rod 18. The fixed conical cover 19 is set outside the movable conical cover 32 and has a matching gap. The fixed conical cover 19 can also be installed on the main shaft through the bearing 28 to improve the fixation. The stability of the conical cover 19 can be ensured by the bearing 28 and the fixed rod 18 to ensure that the fixed conical cover 19 has no deformation and appropriate support function. The fixed cone cover 19 and the movable cone cover 32 can also well protect the safety of each gear assembly and transmission structure, as well as the safety of the vertical saw blade 9.

A small number of medicinal materials with smaller implants may get stuck between the fixed conical cover 19 and the inner wall of the cylinder 2 and cannot fall, but these are a small number and the implants are small, so they do not affect normal feeding. As the feeding continues, these medicinal materials that cannot fall automatically will be pushed downward by the continuous feeding and then cut.

As shown in Figure 5, this embodiment requires that there is a separation distance d between the center plane delay line of the vertical saw blade 9 and the center of the transverse saw blade 8, d>0, and the radius of the transverse saw blade 8 is r, 0.06≤d/r≤ 0.12, preferably around 0.08. The purpose of this design is to enable the core of the vertical saw blade to contact the medicinal materials first, thereby improving the sawing effect.

In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, a side push protective cover 33 needs to be fixed on the upper side of the transverse saw blade 8 or the reinforced support plate 10 and on the side in the rotation direction, and is fixed through a fixed seat 34. Both the protective cover 33 and the mounting base 34 are moisture-bent to increase their strength. The width of the side-pushing protective cover 33 is larger than the width of the vertical saw blade 9 , so that the vertical saw blade 9 can be wrapped from one side of the vertical saw blade 9 . However, there is a gap between the side-pushing protective cover 33 and the vertical saw blade 9 . During the high-speed rotation of the transverse saw blade 8, when the auxiliary push blade teeth 29 are used to restrain the medicinal materials, in order to prevent the medicinal materials with thicker roots from damaging the vertical saw blade 9, a side push guard 33 is fixedly provided to protect the vertical saw. Film 9. The structure of the side push guard 33 can enhance the processing, so that the medicinal materials can be initially impacted by the thrust of the side push guard 33 and the restraining force of the auxiliary push blade teeth 29, that is, the combined effect is achieved with the impact of sawing.

Embodiment 2: On the basis of Embodiment 1, auxiliary pusher teeth 29 are fixed in the radial direction on the inner wall of the cylinder 2 and on the upper side of the transverse saw blade 8 . The auxiliary pusher teeth 29 that facilitate the fixation of the inner wall of the cylinder 2 can constrain the rotation speed of large branches and leaves of medicinal materials, so as to facilitate the sawing action of the transverse saw blade 8 .

Claims (4)

1. The Chinese herbal medicine root and branch crushing and separating device comprises a bracket and a vertical barrel, wherein a rotary main shaft is vertically arranged in the center of the barrel, the rotary main shaft is in transmission connection with a motor, a crushing hammer is vertically fixed at the lower part of the rotary main shaft, a feed hopper is arranged on the upper side of the barrel, and a discharge hopper is arranged at the bottom of the rotary main shaft; meanwhile, at least one fixed shaft is fixedly arranged on the main shaft along the radial direction, a driven gear is arranged on the fixed shaft through a bearing, a driving wheel is fixed on the outer side surface of the driven gear, and the driving wheel is in transmission connection with a corresponding driven wheel; a fixed sleeve is arranged on the upper side of the driven gear, the fixed sleeve is arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder body through a fixed rod, and a fit gap exists between the inner wall of the fixed sleeve and the outer wall of the main shaft; a ring gear is arranged at the circumference position of the lower side of the fixed sleeve and meshed with the driven gear; a movable conical cover is arranged on the upper side of the transverse saw blade or on the upper side of the reinforced supporting plate, a yielding hole is formed in the movable conical cover and used for enabling the vertical saw blade to extend out of the movable conical cover, a fixed conical cover is arranged on the fixed rod, and the fixed conical cover is sleeved on the outer side of the movable conical cover and has a fit clearance; the center plane delay line of the vertical saw blade and the center of the transverse saw blade are separated by a distance d which is more than 0, and the radius of the transverse saw blade is r, and d/r=0.08.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein auxiliary cutter teeth are radially fixed to an upper side of the transverse saw blade on an inner wall of the cylinder.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a filter screen is installed on an inner wall of the cylinder located at a lower side of the crushing hammer and at an upper side of the discharge hopper.

4. The chinese herbal medicine root-branch crushing and separating apparatus of claim 1, wherein a side-pushing shield is fixed to an upper side of the lateral saw blade or the reinforcing support plate and to a side of the rotation direction, and a width of the side-pushing shield is greater than a width of the vertical saw blade, so that the vertical saw blade can be wrapped from a side of the vertical saw blade, but a gap exists between the side-pushing shield and the vertical saw blade.