CN109215932A - 燃料泵螺线管组件和方法 - Google Patents
燃料泵螺线管组件和方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109215932A CN109215932A CN201810719805.XA CN201810719805A CN109215932A CN 109215932 A CN109215932 A CN 109215932A CN 201810719805 A CN201810719805 A CN 201810719805A CN 109215932 A CN109215932 A CN 109215932A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- shell
- component
- pole piece
- coiling
- magnetic flux
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
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- F16K15/02—Check valves with guided rigid valve members
- F16K15/025—Check valves with guided rigid valve members the valve being loaded by a spring
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- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
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- F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
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- F02M59/367—Pump inlet valves of the check valve type being open when actuated
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- F02M63/0012—Valves
- F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
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- F02M63/0019—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using electromagnetic operating means characterised by the arrangement of electromagnets or fixed armatures
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- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
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- F02M63/0078—Valve member details, e.g. special shape, hollow or fuel passages in the valve member
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F04B39/10—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members
- F04B39/1046—Combination of in- and outlet valve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
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- F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves
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- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
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- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
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- F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16K15/026—Check valves with guided rigid valve members the valve being loaded by a spring the valve member being a movable body around which the medium flows when the valve is open
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
- F16K27/02—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of lift valves
- F16K27/0209—Check valves or pivoted valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
- F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
- F16K31/0686—Braking, pressure equilibration, shock absorbing
- F16K31/0689—Braking of the valve element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
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Abstract
本发明公开了燃料泵的螺线管组件,其包括:壳体,所述壳体具有开放端部和部分封闭端部;极片,所述极片固定地设置在所述壳体内;绕线筒组件,所述绕线筒组件被设置在所述壳体内并且包括被设置成靠近所述极片的线圈;以及绕线筒保持器,所述绕线筒保持器被设置在所述壳体的开放端部与所述绕线筒组件之间,所述绕线筒保持器的径向外表面接触所述壳体。所述壳体的邻近于所述绕线筒保持器的部分具有凹入的外表面以及突出抵靠所述绕线筒保持器的内表面。所述部分通过使得所述壳体变形以形成在所述壳体的内表面上的凸起来形成。该壳体内表面凸起提供与绕线筒保持器的压配合接合。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2017年7月3日提交的下列临时申请的权益:申请号62/528,348,标题为“组合入口和出口止回阀座”;申请号62/528,345,标题为“不对称弹簧阀盘”;申请号62/528,356,标题为“螺线管的液压阻尼”;申请号62/528,412,标题为“燃料泵阀构造和组件”;申请号62/528,351,标题为“燃料泵螺线管组装方法”;以及申请号为62/528,417,标题为“燃料发送单元的组件和操作”。这些临时专利申请的内容通过引用以其整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于燃料泵的螺线管(solenoid),并且特别地涉及燃料泵螺线管组件以及构造和使用螺线管组件的方法。
背景技术
汽油燃料泵已经被使用多年并且可以被机械驱动或电驱动。在电动燃料泵中,最常见的类型浸没在燃料箱中并且具有将燃料从泵推动到燃料管线中的涡轮机。这种类型的泵被设计用于这样的系统,该系统需要来自燃料箱并且进入到燃料管线中的恒定流量的加压燃料。它在点火“接通(on)”或发动机运转的整个期间泵送燃料并吸取电功率。燃料通常传送通过燃料箱和燃料轨道之间的过滤器。向内燃机提供燃料的燃料喷射器被引入到燃料轨道中。这些燃料喷射器需要相对精确地控制燃料压力,以提供由发动机所需要的燃料的精确计量。为实现此目的,燃料轨道还具有压力调节器,其通过允许任何过压燃料传送通过调节器并借助于附加的燃料管线而返回到燃料箱来控制轨道(并有效地控制喷射器)中的压力。
现有燃料泵的问题的确是关于允许系统运行所需要的泵和系统部件的问题。 这种现有的泵/系统也非常集中于具有高燃油流量和复杂系统控制的汽车应用,汽车可以承受成本和重量/尺寸,因为这是这些系统部件的意图的应用。当将此系统并入小排量、非汽车系统中时,这些泵/系统出现问题。例如,最初设计成与自然进气发动机(汽化式)一起操作的125cc小轮摩托车(scooter)不具有燃料箱中的空间或承担为汽车研发的过大系统的成本的能力。此示例应用还将在输送操作燃料泵和所有系统部件所需的电功率方面、尤其是在怠速时使泵持续地运转方面存在问题,因为系统最初被设计成提供用于附件的最小电功率。
许多年来,螺线管已被制造来为包括燃料泵的机电装置提供动力。螺线管至少都包括磁极、线圈和电枢,但大多数用于高速电磁体中的螺线管具有被设计成具有用于磁通量的返回路径的部件。螺线管的常见构造是当螺线管断电、线圈内没有电流循环时,利用预加载的弹簧使电枢与磁极分离并保持在该位置中。当差动电压被施加到线圈时,建立电流,该电流然后生成磁通量。此通量在电枢上形成吸引力,并且当该磁力等于将电枢偏置在远离磁极的位置中的弹簧力时,电枢开始朝向磁极移动并且在偏置弹簧中存储额外的势能。只要磁力超过作用在电枢上的其它力,则电枢将继续朝向磁极移动,直到它达到预先设计的止动件,该止动件与磁力相反地作用并使运动停止。
现有的螺线管设计受到问题的困扰。早期的设计昂贵、难以组装、不能以高频率运行、耐久性不好、噪音大并且具有不稳定的性能。使用设置在可移位电枢与固定磁极之间的橡胶盘“吸振器”以减轻在行程结束时来自通电螺线管的电枢组件的撞击噪音,使得适当的组装困难并且经常被部分地安装 ,其由于轴向行程变化而影响螺线管的性能。由于弹性体的弹性,橡胶盘在高频期间不利地实现操作。橡胶花费超过50毫秒来从由于撞击导致的变形状态返回到在静置形状。橡胶还在电枢与橡胶盘之间形成静态阻力,从而放大了对螺线管性能的负面影响。橡胶吸振器盘不仅贯穿单个循环影响螺线管的性能,而且在耐久性测试期间橡胶盘的动态性能改变,这随着时间推移改变螺线管的性能,在寿命测试期间形成故障。最后,螺线管的极片到电枢组件的位置对于设定行程以及电枢的自由操作是至关重要的。
发明内容
示例实施例针对用于燃料泵的螺线管组件。在示例实施例中,螺线管组件包括:壳体,所述壳体具有开放端部和部分封闭端部;极片,所述极片固定地设置在所述壳体内;绕线筒组件,所述绕线筒组件被设置在所述壳体内并且包括被设置成靠近在所述极片的线圈;以及绕线筒保持器,所述绕线筒保持器被设置在所述壳体的开放端部与所述绕线筒组件之间,所述绕线筒保持器的径向外表面接触所述壳体。所述壳体的邻近于所述绕线筒保持器的部分具有凹入的外表面以及突出抵靠所述绕线筒保持器的内表面。
所述壳体,包括所述壳体的部分,可被整体地形成为整体式构件。
所述绕线筒组件可包括所述线圈缠绕所绕的绕线筒,所述绕线筒包括壁架,所述极片包括供所述绕线筒的壁架安置在其上的壁架。
所述绕线筒保持器具有与所述壳体的部分的压配合接合以及与不包括突出的内表面的所述壳体具有滑动配合关系,所述压配合接合将所述绕线筒保持器固定在所述壳体内。
在示例实施例中,所述螺线管组件包括多个磁通垫片,所述磁通垫片沿所述壳体的部分封闭端部设置在所述壳体的外部,所述磁通垫片形成磁通垫片的堆叠。所述壳体的部分封闭端部包括被限定通过所述部分封闭端部的中心孔,所述极片的端部从所述壳体的部分封闭端部的中心孔延伸,且所述磁通垫片围绕所述极片的端部设置。所述极片延伸到所述磁通垫片的堆叠的部分上方,以便将所述堆叠在所述壳体上夹持就位。所述极片的端部被压接到所述磁通垫片的堆叠的部分上。
根据另一示例实施例,组装螺线管组件的方法包括:获得极片;获得绕线筒组件并且将所述绕线筒组件附接到所述极片,所述绕线筒组件包括绕线筒和围绕所述绕线筒缠绕的线圈;获得壳体并且利用所述壳体来覆盖所述极片和所述绕线筒组件;使得所述壳体的部分变形;以及获得绕线筒保持器并且将所述绕线筒保持器插入到所述壳体中,使得所述壳体的部分的内表面接触所述绕线筒保持器的外表面。
在一方面中,使得所述壳体的部分变形可包括:获得滑动构件,将所述滑动构件围绕所述壳体放置,以及将所述滑动构件朝向所述壳体移动以便接触所述壳体的部分并且使得所述壳体的部分变形。该方法还可包括获得具有成锥形内表面的帽构件以及将所述帽构件放置在所述壳体和所述滑动构件上方,并且将所述滑动构件移动可包括将所述帽构件相对于所述壳体和所述滑动构件移动,以使得所述帽的内表面与所述滑动构件之间的接触使得所述滑动构件朝向所述壳体移动。
该方法还可包括:获得定位构件以及将所述壳体放置在所述定位构件上;获得基部构件;将所述基部构件相对于所述定位构件定位;以及将所述帽构件连接到所述基部构件以使得所述帽构件相对于所述基部构件的位置是可调节的。
移动所述帽构件可包括:调节所述帽构件相对于所述基部构件的位置。
所述壳体可包括开放端部和部分封闭端部,且所述方法可还包括:获得多个磁通垫片并且将所述磁通垫片以堆叠布置放置在所述壳体的部分封闭端部上方。覆盖所述极片可包括将所述极片的端部插入通过所述壳体的部分封闭端部,放置所述磁通垫片包括将所述磁通垫片围绕所述极片的端部放置,且所述方法还可包括:压接所述极片的端部以使得所述极片的端部在所述磁通垫片的堆叠布置的至少一部分上方延伸并且将所述磁通垫片紧固到所述壳体。
附图说明
所公开的主题的其它优点将容易地被认识到,因为当结合附图考虑时通过参考下文的详细描述,所公开的主题的其它优点变得更好地被理解,在附图中:
图1是根据示例实施例的螺线管组件的截面图;
图2是根据另一示例实施例的螺线管组件的截面图;
图3是图2的螺线管组件的吸振部分的放大侧视图;
图4是根据示例实施例的图2的螺线管组件的吸振盘的透视图;
图5是根据另一示例实施例的图2的螺线管组件的吸振盘的透视图;
图6是根据另一示例实施例的图2的螺线管组件的吸振盘的透视图;
图7-图13图示了在其组装期间的各个阶段的图2的螺线管组件;以及
图14是包括图1或图2的螺线管组件的燃料泵的方框图。
具体实施方式
下文对示例实施例的描述在性质上仅仅是示例性的,并且决不意图限制本发明、其应用或用途。
示例实施例针对流体泵的螺线管组件,所述流体泵诸如是用于诸如车辆的设备的浸没式燃料泵。螺线管组件被构造成在形成流体泵时可操作地连接到阀组件或阀组。示例实施例的螺线管组件在下文描述为被构造成与用于燃料泵的阀组件可操作地连接,但是应理解,螺线管组件可以可操作地连接到这样的流体泵的阀组件,该流体泵用于在除了作为燃料泵之外的应用中泵送流体。
在图1所图示的第一实施例中,形成燃料泵(未示出)的动力组的螺线管组件100包括被定位于螺线管组件100的中心处的极片16。此磁极片16在形状上是大体上筒形的,具有挖空的内直径(ID)。该ID的一个轴向端部部分直接暴露于燃料泵外部的大气和/或流体,并且另一个轴向端部部分暴露于泵的内部,电枢组件存在于泵的内部中。电枢组件包括电枢20和与连接到电枢20的柱塞24。电枢组件可在螺线管组件100内移位。极片16的一个轴向端部部分16A具有360度的截头锥形形状。此端部部分16A是与电枢20的倾斜表面相互作用的极片16的部分。极片16的径向内表面和/或内直径尺寸设置成在其中接收弹簧22。保持弹簧22的弹簧保持器27被压在极片16的内直径内。弹簧保持器27是杯形塞,其具有用于接触极片16的内表面的筒形侧壁。弹簧保持器27还包括壁架,其被定位成垂直于筒形侧壁并且尺寸设置成保持弹簧22的上端。弹簧保持器27固定地紧固在极片16内的位置处,使得弹簧22相对于图1所描绘的视图沿向下方向向柱塞24提供期望的偏置和/或负载。中心通孔或孔27A被限定成轴向地通过杯形弹簧保持器27的基部或底部部分。当螺线管组件形成插入到车辆或其它发动机提供动力的装置的燃料箱中的燃料泵的部分时,中央通孔27A允许燃料在燃料箱与位于电枢20和极片16之间的空间之间穿过,如下文更详细描述的。
螺线管组件100还包括壳体25,壳体25围绕并容纳上文所讨论的螺线管组件的部件。壳体25主要成形为倒置的杯并且包括被限定成从其中穿过的一个或多个孔25A。
包括线圈14和绕线筒17的绕线筒组件围绕壳体25中的极片16。电枢组件可响应于传送通过线圈14的电流和/或由弹簧22提供的偏置力而在螺线管组件100内移位。电枢组件被定位在极片16的下方。绕线筒保持器18被设置在电枢组件下方。绕线筒保持器18径向向外地延伸到壳体25的内表面并且具有径向向内的表面,该径向向内的表面被设置成靠近电枢20的径向外表面。绕线筒保持器18还可以包括从其中轴向延伸通过的一个或多个通孔或孔18A。孔18A允许燃料从其中传送通过,以用于冷却包括线圈14的螺线管组件,并且用于液压地阻尼电枢组件,如下文更详细地讨论的。电枢组件包括受控的致动行程。绕线筒保持器18被构造成设置在阀组件的衬套26上,螺线管组件在形成燃料泵时可操作地联接到该衬套。柱塞24可移动地至少部分地设置在阀组件的衬套26中。
电枢20具有挖空的ID,其允许柱形非磁性材料柱塞24压配合在电枢20内部。图1的螺线管组件100的柱塞24的顶部上存在两个界面。一个界面是弹簧座24A,弹簧22在弹簧座24A处施加负载以便控制燃料泵的校准。另一个是撞击地区24B,其是在螺线管通电期间一旦电枢20已经行进其全行程时就撞击极片16的柱塞24的表面。致动行程/距离是从极片16的尖端(在锥体处)到柱塞24的撞击表面24B的距离。
当螺线管组件100被通电/提供动力并致动时,电枢20朝向极片16被拉动。最终,柱塞24与极片16接触。极片16与柱塞24之间的接触点非常接近并且与极片16的中空ID轴向一致。当螺线管组件100被断电时,弹簧22推动柱塞24,柱塞24继而推动电枢20返回,远离线圈14并朝向电枢20的静置位置。在燃料泵中的螺线管组件100的该致动循环可以在低频率(5-10Hz)到高频率(120Hz)有帮助。
图2图示了根据第二示例实施例的螺线管组件200组件。图2的螺线管组件200组件包括在图1的螺线管组件200组件中所见的类似部件,诸如线圈14、极片16、具有电枢20和柱塞24的电枢组件、弹簧22以及弹簧保持器27,其被构造成如图1所描述。与螺线管组件100对比而言,螺线管组件200和/或其极片16包括多个吸振环形盘19,其围绕极片16的靠近截头锥形端部部分并且在截头锥形端部部分的基部处的部分的外直径设置,并且邻接极片的面向向下的表面。此外,在图2的螺线管组件200中,替代柱塞24在行程结束时接触极片16的底部表面,在此示例实施例中,由于电流传送通过线圈14而沿向上方向移动的电枢20接触环形盘19,环形盘19在达到完全停止之前有利地用于使电枢20和柱塞24减速。在示例实施例中,盘19用作金属吸振元件。极片16可以具有附接到极片16的单个或多个环形盘19,环形盘19作用成在极片16与盘19之间形成流体“缓冲”层,该流体“缓冲”层在与极片16碰撞期间使电枢20减速以便降低撞击噪音。金属盘19降低了噪音,而不存在行程控制、耐久性期间磨损和与现有设计相关联的难以组装的问题。这些盘19还被用于控制极片16与电枢20之间的最小气隙,这在控制磁场水平中是重要的,当螺线管组件200在处于或靠近行程结束处被断电时磁场水平必须衰减。
盘19的数量可以是任何数量,并且在所图示的示例实施例中是三个。盘19是薄的、大约0.15-0.25毫米、其是不锈钢的并且类似于典型的垫片。这些盘19以与在极片16上加工出的锁定特征卡扣配合接合的方式被紧固。盘19充当撞击阻尼器,降低寿命周期中的磨损,并在极片16与电枢20之间维持精确的最小气隙,这对于螺线管组件200和/或燃料泵的磁性能是重要的。
图3图示了极片16和盘19的一部分的放大侧视图。如所图示的,盘19处于堆叠布置。在示例实施例中,盘19是平坦的、具有内直径和外直径的环形形状。在图4所图示的另一示例实施例中,一个或多个盘19可以包括被限定成轴向穿过盘的多个孔19A。在图5所图示的又另一实施例中,盘19可以包括沿盘19的主表面中的一个或两个限定的多个切口部分或凹坑19B。切口部分19B沿着盘19的ID周向地设置。在所图示实施例中,每个切口部分19B具有从内直径边缘朝向外直径边缘延伸的矩形棱柱的形状,但应理解的是,每个切口部分19B可以具有不同的切口形状。在图6中,切口部分19B沿着盘19的主表面从内直径边缘延伸到外直径边缘。切口部分19B和孔19A提供燃料穴口,其在被电枢20撞击期间被压缩。更进一步地,每个盘19可以被成形为Belleville垫片,其具有轻微的凸表面以便在盘的堆叠中具有弹簧作用。
在示例实施例中,液压阻尼被引入到燃料泵的螺线管组件100、200中以进一步降低由电枢组件撞击极片16和/或吸振盘19生成的噪音。每个螺线管组件100、200包括多个流体路径,在螺线管组件的操作期间,燃料的次要或“寄生”扫掠体积传送通过所述流体路径。相对于螺线管组件100、200可操作地联接到的泵阀的燃料的主要扫掠体积而言,此次要扫掠体积被认为是次要的。就此而言,螺线管组件100、200可以包括在美国专利公布20160108909中公开的次要泵送室和/或相关联的次要燃料路径,美国专利公布20160108909的内容通过引用以其整体并入本文。
特别地,第一流体路径FP1大体上限定在壳体25的孔25A和围绕与极片16的撞击地区的区域之间。对于螺线管组件100和200,第一流体路径FP1包括在线圈14与壳体25的内表面之间的空间、在绕线筒保持器18的顶表面与绕线筒17之间的空间,在绕线筒保持器18的孔18A中的空间、在电枢20的外径向表面与绕线筒保持器18和绕线筒/线圈的内径向表面之间的空间、在绕线筒保持器18下方的空间。第二流体路径FP2限定在在极片16的挖空区域内的弹簧保持器27的通孔27A之间。第一和第二流体路径在图1和图2中指示为箭头,并且应当理解,通过第一和第二流体路径的燃料流可以是沿箭头方向或者与沿与箭头方向相反的方向。一般而言,当燃料泵操作时,在电枢组件往复运动期间,与电枢组件相关联的燃料的次要扫掠体积从螺线管组件被聚集和分散。当螺线管组件被通电时次要扫掠体积被排出,并且当螺线管组件被断电时次要扫掠体积被聚集。在螺线管通电期间,先前聚集的次要扫掠体积通过第二流体路径FP1以及第一流体路径FP1、经由围绕电枢组件与极片16的撞击(针对螺线管组件100而言的柱塞24的顶部与极片16之间的撞击,以及针对螺线管组件200而言的在电枢20与盘19之间的撞击)地区的区域而被排出。通过适当地构造第一流体路径FP1和第二流体路径FP2,可以控制通过围绕电枢组件与极片16的撞击地区的区域的燃料量和燃料流率,以便当在接近全行程完成时电枢组件移动靠近极片16时提供阻尼。这通过如下方式来实现:使次要扫掠体积中的一些传送通过第二流体路径FP2以排出,而不传送通过围绕电枢组件与极片(对于螺线管组件200而言其包括盘19)之间的撞击地区的区域,使得足够量的燃料传送通过这样的区域(并且随后通过第一流体路径FP2),以提供电枢组件的期望量的阻尼。
将描述图1的螺线管组件100的操作。在螺线管组件被断电的情况下,当不存在作用在电枢20上的磁力时,当电枢组件朝向其断电位置移动时,弹簧22促使电枢20远离极片。在螺线管组件100是浸没式燃料泵的部分的情况下,在电枢组件上方的空间和燃料箱的压力存在压力差,使得燃料沿图1所描绘箭头的方向从在螺线管组件外部的燃料箱被吸入第一流体路径FP1和第二流体路径FP2中,并聚集在流体路径FP1和FP2中以及在电枢20和极片16的成角度的或倾斜的表面之间的空间中。
当电磁线圈组件100被激励时,电枢20响应于现在已建立的磁场而朝向极片16移动。当电枢组件移动更靠近极片时,电枢20和极片16之间的空间变窄并且迫使该空间中以及柱塞24上方的空间中的燃料从其中流出。在第一流体路径FP1相对窄的情况下,弹簧保持器27的通孔27A的尺寸(和相对于燃料流的前边缘)被构造成使得通过通孔27A离开螺线管组件100的燃料量允许燃料受控地流动通过电枢20和极片16的成角度的表面、并且特别是在柱塞24的撞击表面24A与极片16的撞击表面之间(称为“夹止区域(pinch region)”)流动。使通孔27A的尺寸过大导致燃料过快地离开夹止区域,并且燃料不能充分地阻尼柱塞24。使通孔27A的尺寸过小导致夹止区域中剩余过多燃料,从而引起过大阻尼并且电枢组件不能完成其行程。在通孔27A的尺寸正确地设置尺寸的情况下,当柱塞24迅速接近极片时,设置在夹止区域中的燃料提供柱塞24的阻尼,从而降低当柱塞24接触极片16时的撞击噪声。
在电枢组件已经完成其行程之后,螺线管组件被断电。在磁场已经充分衰减之后,弹簧22开始将电枢组件移动到其最初的断电位置。第一流体路径FP1和第二流体路径FP2允许降低或消除与弹簧22相反地作用的任何压力以从极片16分离和移动。当电枢组件从极片16移动时,燃料的次要扫掠体积通过压力差被拉入到第一流体路径FP1和第二流体路径FP2中,以便在极片16与电枢组件之间的扩大空间中聚集,使得在螺线管下一次被通电时螺线管组件100能够在电枢组件上执行阻尼。
将参考图2来描述螺线管组件200的操作,并且在一定程度上类似于螺线管组件100的操作。然而,如上文所提及,电枢20而不是柱塞24经由吸振盘19撞击极片16。结果是,“夹止区域”是螺线管组件200的区域A是其中设置有盘19的区域。利用夹止区域A的位置以及盘19的使用,电枢组件的次要扫掠体积小于螺线管组件100的电枢组件的次要扫掠体积。结果是,由于存在更少需要移动的流体,通孔27A的尺寸小于螺线管组件100的通孔27A的尺寸。
当螺线管组件200被通电时,电枢20响应于现在已建立的磁场而朝向极片16移动。当电枢组件移动更靠近极片时,在夹止区域A之间的空间变窄,迫使在电枢20与极片16之间的空间中以及柱塞24上方的空间中的燃料从其流动。在第一流体路径FP1相对窄的情况下,弹簧保持器27的通孔27A的尺寸(以及相对于燃料流的前边缘)被构造成使得通过通孔27A离开螺线管组件200的燃料量允许燃料受控地流动通过电枢20和极片16的成角度的表面,并且特别是在夹止区域A之间流动。使通孔27A的尺寸过大导致燃料过快地离开夹止区域A并且燃料不能充分地阻尼柱塞24。使通孔27A的尺寸过小导致夹止区域A中剩余过多燃料,从而引起过大的阻尼并且电枢组件不能完成其行程。在通孔27A的尺寸被正确地设置尺寸的情况下,当柱塞24迅速接近盘19时,设置在夹止区域A中的燃料提供柱塞24的阻尼,从而降低当电枢20接触盘19的堆叠时的撞击噪音。在电枢20接近盘19时,夹止区域A中的燃料传送通过盘19和在盘19之间,以便提供电枢组件的增强的减速,并随之一起提供改进的噪音降低。
螺线管组件200的操作的详细操作将在螺线管组件以两种不同的操作模式操作时进行描述,所述两种不同的操作模式为正常操作和湿启动(wet priming)。在湿启动期间从撞击电枢组件生成的噪音需要与正常操作模式所需要的解决方案不同的解决方案。
首先考虑湿启动噪音的情况。当其中设置有燃料泵的车辆(或具有燃气发动机的其它设备)被置于“接通(key on)”模式中时,发动机控制单元(ECU)基于泵的性能和特定系统的集合通过使用最坏情况(即,设计的最长情况)启动持续时间来启动燃料喷射系统。该时间通常是大约2-5秒。在该启动阶段期间,车辆的起动马达不会发动发动机,并且一个或多个燃料喷射器不循环。燃料泵以相对高的频率操作,引起电枢组件在最初的短暂持续时间(诸如通常10-30个周期)内行进全行程,其对燃料泵与一个或多个燃料喷射器之间的燃料管线加压。
湿启动模式自然地改变,即,湿启动不在ECU中改变或由ECU改变,并且包括当系统接近全压时从全行程致动变化到部分行程致动。当燃料泵的阀组件中的主要泵室内的压力达到正常操作压力并且与完全加压的燃料管线以及不存在喷射的燃料结合时,螺线管组件200可操作地连接到的阀组件的出口阀不打开。在启动的该部分期间,电枢组件的唯一运动是从当弹簧22促使电枢组件远离极片16时传送通过衬套26的直径的间隙的泄漏流以及通过阀组件的入口阀的回流泄漏的任何损失生成的。在此启动阶段期间电枢20距盘19的距离非常小,在下一次致动开始时通常小于0.1mm。在此小距离处,电枢组件的速度(通常约为0.2-0.3米/秒)不会达到在正常操作期间所见的撞击速度。相对于正常操作模式,该较低的速度需要针对此操作模式的不同的解决方案,尽管两种方法最终都有助于降低噪音。
对于该较低速度的撞击,有效的方法是在撞击期间使用挤压膜能量对较慢的撞击减速。安装在极片16上的吸振盘19松散地附接并且允许燃料填充在盘之间的空隙。在电枢20与盘19的撞击期间,燃料被迫使从盘19之间离开,并且该减速降低了音调,使得声音是不那么冒犯的并且降低总体噪音水平。
在其中降低噪音的第二操作模式是车辆的正常操作,并且特别是以低速和低功率、当发动机噪音可能不足够掩盖来自螺线管组件200形成其部分的燃料泵的噪音时。取决于发动机功率、发动机速度和通过衬套26的直径的间隙到柱塞24泄漏燃料流,这些操作条件在燃料泵致动开始时形成0.3至1.0 mm的距吸振盘19的电枢距离。这些条件导致大约每秒1-1.3米的撞击速度。当考虑电枢20的外直径时,电枢柱塞组件的峰值速度形成大于每秒200cc的理论体积流率。当电枢与吸振盘19之间的间隙接近零或变得非常小时,大约0.02以及更小时,利用这些非常高的流率来生成背压以使电枢20和柱塞24减速。如果电枢组件上方的区域(当前中空极片16、弹簧22和弹簧保持器27)被完全阻塞, 则随着间隔变小,来自次级或寄生扫掠体积的所有引发的燃料流将必须逸出该夹止区域A。见图2和图6。速度将远远小于现实中的速度,因为生成通过夹止区域A的流的压力将足够大以降低电枢组件的速度,这继而将降低流体速度并减小来自电枢组件撞击的噪音。
完全阻塞此区域将减慢电枢组件的吸引时间并使得高频操作受限或不可能。此解决方案是在一方面的需要噪音衰减和降低撞击磨损与另一方面的燃料泵性能之间的折衷。电枢组件上方的区域具有第二流体路径FP2,其中燃料通过弹簧保持器中的通孔27A离开。弹簧保持器27通孔27A的前边缘(相对于逸出的燃料)以及其直径二者都有助于通过在夹止区域A闭合时生成使柱塞减速的压力来控制电枢柱塞24的减速。
螺线管组件200的这两个特征(吸振盘19以及流体路径FP1和FP2)在燃料泵的螺线管组件200中一起工作,以有助于降低由电枢组件对吸振盘19的高速撞击形成的噪音。
用于利用燃料的寄生泵送(即,次要扫掠体积)的其它实施例包括弹簧保持器27中的孔27A是止回阀或包括止回阀。用于控制此区域中的燃料流或压力的装置可以与弹簧保持器27分离。另外或替代性地,燃料从夹止区域和/或从在电枢组件与极片16的下部部分之间的区域的出口不一定是孔或孔口,而可以替代地是曲折的路径。
将参考图7-图12来描述组装螺线管组件200的方法。在获得螺线管组件200的单独部件之后,盘19被组装到极片16上。如在图3中最好地看出的,极片16可包括壁架16A,盘19被滑动到该壁架上方。壁架16A用于将盘19沿极片16保持在其轴向位置中。一旦就位,盘19就被相对松散地保持在极片16上。图7示出了被组装到极片16上的盘19。
接下来,安装绕线筒组件。参考图8,线圈14由利用端子21(其中仅一个在图8中示出)缠绕到模制绕线筒17上的铜磁体线缆构造成,所述端子被附接到线圈14的每端。绕线筒17包括壁架或悬出部17A,该壁架或悬出部安置在极片16上的壁架16B上并且接触壁架16B。在图9中,壳体25作为滑动配合件被安装以使得确保,极片16和线圈端子21被轴向且径向地定位成适当地离开壳体25的部分封闭端部。
该组装过程的下一步骤是将磁通垫片33安装在端子21上以及壳体25的部分封闭端部的径向中心上,如图9所示。磁通垫片33提供磁通量从极片16到壳体25的路径。磁通垫片33被布置成堆叠布置。为了满足对于螺线管组件的电磁要求以及允许冲压的相对低成本制造过程两者,在所图示的实施例中使用了至少两个磁通垫片33,但是可以使用多于两个的磁通垫片。在放置好磁通垫片33之后,极片16的上端被压接以使得,极片16将磁通垫片33和壳体25夹持到极片16。图10示出了通过极片16的压接的端部保持就位的磁通垫片33。
在磁通垫片33已经被设置在壳体25的部分封闭端部上之后,通过附加步骤将垫片可选地附接到壳体25,以确保磁通垫片33到壳体的永久附接。在示例实施例中,这种附加附接步骤包括焊接,例如点焊或激光焊接。在另一示例实施例中,附加附接步骤是粘结步骤,其中粘结剂被施加到磁通垫片33和壳体25。要理解的是,附加附接步骤可利用其他技术。
绕线筒保持器18提供磁通量从电枢20经由固定气隙到壳体25的返回路径,该绕线筒保持器被添加以将通量从电枢载运到壳体,如图11所示。为了形成合适的螺线管,气隙和电枢20的行程被严格地控制。利用低成本的部件和过程并且同时控制这些低成本部件所形成的组装产品上的严格公差以制造高速螺线管是具有挑战的。增加到该挑战的是如下事实,铁素体不锈钢展现非常低的磨损阈值,这意味着这些材料在非常低的滑动接触压力下会微型焊接。该微型焊接急剧地改变安装力,从而由于部件的刚度而导致几乎不可能实现精确的定位。
为了实现绕线筒保持器18的适当安装,壳体25变形以便控制绕线筒保持器18到壳体25的挤压力。在该螺线管组件200中的壳体25是大体上筒形形状的,并且绕线筒保持器18与壳体25的分界面也是筒形的。在该螺线管组件200中,部件具有紧密的直径配合(包括在壳体25和绕线筒保持器18之间),并且同时总是处于滑动配合。壳体25通过径向移位或以其他方式挤压轴向地定位在吸振盘19下方的滑动构件或销41来变形,利用壳体25的减小其有效内直径的沿径向方向等距离地间隔开的变形区域25C占据组装公差。这些变形区域25C形成在壳体25与绕线筒保持器18之间的压配合,当由轻质油润滑时这种压配合适应大的公差和受控的安装力而不磨损,从而允许绕线筒保持器18相对于吸振盘19的非常精确的定位。当被构造在燃料泵中时,该定位控制螺线管的有效行程。
用于使得壳体25变形的装置包括螺线管定位构件37,螺线管组件200(不具有绕线筒保持器18)安置在该螺线管定位构件上。基部构件39围绕定位构件37并且向上延伸并且围绕螺线管组件200。很大程度上筒形形状的基部构件39包括能够径向移动的滑动构件41。滑动构件41围绕定位构件39和螺线管组件200的壳体25的纵向轴线分布。在一个示例实施例中,每个滑动构件41在其径向向内的端部部分处包括彼此轴向间隔开的多个凸起35,其中每个凸起35的径向端部具有用于接触壳体25的接触表面。要理解的是,滑动构件41的接触表面可具有不同的形状、尺寸和/或取向。
变形装置还包括接收并包围基部构件39的倒置杯形帽构件43,所述帽构件具有顶部43A和从顶部43A延伸的侧部43B。侧部43B的内表面径向向外成锥形,使得帽43的侧部43B在其开放端部处或开放端部附近的内直径大于侧部43B在顶部43A处或顶部附近的内直径。帽构件43通过螺栓45机械地联接到基部构件39,所述螺栓与基部构件39螺纹式接合。弹簧47将帽构件43偏置在相对于基部构件39的底部来说的升高位置中,螺栓45延伸穿过所述弹簧47。
在壳体25的变形期间,并且在螺线管组件200被放置在定位构件37上以使得滑动构件41被设置在沿壳体25的期望位置中之后,通过转动螺栓45,使帽构件45相对于螺线管组件200、定位构件37和基部构件39下降。这样的下降会导致接触滑动构件41的侧部43B的内表面使得滑动构件41径向向内运动,这是因为由于侧部43B的成锥形内表面导致侧部43B的接触滑动构件41的部分的内直径减小。滑动构件41的径向向内运动使得壳体25变形。这导致壳体25的部分(即,壳体25的变形部分)具有凹入的外表面和突出的内表面。在壳体在这种情况下变形之后,定位构件39可绕其纵向轴线旋转,使得壳体25的其他部分可面对滑动构件41以用于提供沿壳体25的进一步变形。一旦已经实现合适数量的壳体变形,绕线筒保持器就在壳体25内插入就位。
在示例实施例中,滑动构件41是很大程度上平坦表面化的圆形构件,每个均具有为绕线筒保持器18的高度的大约两倍的高度,壳体25以压配合接合到所述绕线筒保持器。对于此螺线管组件200来说,绕线筒保持器18是3 mm厚,且用于使得壳体变形的滑动构件41是6 mm。滑动构件41的轴向中心与绕线筒保持器18的中心平面重合,并且存在绕壳体25等距离地间隔开的六个滑动构件41。要理解的是,在其他实施例中,滑动构件41的数量可以大于或小于六个,凸起具有相等或不相等的径向间隔或者甚至不相等的直径。
在另一实施例中,如图13所示,描绘了滑动构件41的接触壳体25的部分。在该实施例中,滑动构件41的接触表面41A是平坦的和/或平面的。接触表面41A还相对于竖直轴线和/或壳体25的外表面成角度。成角度的接触表面41A的上端与成角度的接触表面41A的下端相比朝向壳体25延伸得更远。在一个实施例中,角度ϴ相对于竖直轴线在0.5度和7度之间,诸如在1度和3度之间。由图13的滑动构件41引起的变形得到壳体25的向内成锥形的内表面,其中在变形的顶部处变形区域的内直径小于在变形的底部处变形区域的内直径。壳体25的成角度变形允许绕线筒组件18在壳体内的更容易的压配合定位。
一旦利用该过程进行定位,在从其位置移位或移动之前,绕线筒保持器18耐受大于1000N的负载。在绕线筒保持器18被定位在壳体25中与其处于压配合接合之后,绕线筒保持器18可选地在附加附接步骤中连接到壳体25,以确保绕线筒保持器18被永久地附接到壳体25。在示例实施例中,这种附加附接步骤包括焊接,例如点焊或激光焊接。在另一示例性实施例中,附加附接步骤是粘结步骤,其中粘结剂被施加到磁通垫片33和壳体25。要理解的是,附加附接步骤可利用其他技术。
该过程还可用于在焊接之前需要被挤压的设计,并且已经展现了甚至在激光焊接之后也抵抗轴向或径向位置的移位。
图14是图示具有联接到阀组件300的螺线管组件100或螺线管组件200的流体泵10的方框图。在示例实施例中,流体泵是燃料泵。阀组件300可操作地联接到螺线管组件,以用于将燃料从流体入口302泵送到流体出口304。流体出口304被构造成连接到流体管线以用于供应处于压力下的流体。在示例实施例中,阀组件300包括:泵室,该泵室部分地由柱塞24限定;入口室,该入口室经由入口阀与泵室流体连通;以及出口室,该出口室经由出口阀与泵室流体连通。控制螺线管组件100或200以往复方式移动电枢组件引起流体从流体入口302经由入口室和入口阀流动到泵室,并且从泵室经由出口室和出口阀流动到流体出口302。阀组件300和流体泵10的特别的特征可以包括在上文交叉引用部分中指出的美国专利申请中描述的特征,该美国专利申请内容通过引用以其整体并入本文。
螺线管组件100和200提供低成本的节能设计,以修正和/或解决高频活塞泵噪音的问题。螺线管组件100和200可被用于容积泵中或至少部分地浸没在流体中操作的任何其它高频或低频螺线管组件中。
已经在本文中以说明性方式已经描述了示例实施例,并且应理解的是,已经使用的术语意图在性质上是描述性文字而不是限制性。显然,鉴于上文的教导,本发明的许多修改和变化是可能的。上文的描述在性质上仅仅是示例性的,并且因此,在不脱离如所附权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围的前提下可以对上文的描述作出变型。
Claims (21)
1.一种燃料泵的螺线管组件,所述螺线管组件包括:
壳体,所述壳体具有开放端部和部分封闭端部;
极片,所述极片固定地设置在所述壳体内;
绕线筒组件,所述绕线筒组件被设置在所述壳体内并且包括被设置成靠近所述极片的线圈;以及
绕线筒保持器,所述绕线筒保持器被设置在所述壳体的开放端部与所述绕线筒组件之间,所述绕线筒保持器的径向外表面接触所述壳体;
其中,所述壳体的邻近于所述绕线筒保持器的部分具有凹入的外表面以及突出抵靠所述绕线筒保持器的内表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的螺线管组件,其中,所述壳体,包括所述壳体部分,被整体地形成为整体式构件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的螺线管组件,其中,所述绕线筒组件包括所述线圈缠绕所绕的绕线筒,所述绕线筒包括壁架,所述极片包括供所述绕线筒的壁架安置在其上的壁架。
4.根据权利要求1所述的螺线管组件,其中,所述绕线筒保持器具有与所述壳体的部分的压配合接合并且与不包括所述突出的内表面的所述壳体具有滑动配合关系,所述压配合接合将所述绕线筒保持器固定在所述壳体内。
5.根据权利要求1所述的螺线管组件,所述螺线管组件还包括多个磁通垫片,所述磁通垫片沿所述壳体的部分封闭端部设置在所述壳体的外部,所述磁通垫片形成磁通垫片的堆叠。
6.根据权利要求5所述的螺线管组件,其中,所述壳体的部分封闭端部包括被限定成通过所述部分封闭端部的中心孔,所述极片的端部从所述壳体的部分封闭端部的中心孔延伸,且所述磁通垫片围绕所述极片的端部设置。
7.根据权利要求6所述的螺线管组件,其中,所述极片的端部延伸到所述磁通垫片的堆叠的部分上方,以便将所述堆叠在所述壳体上夹持就位。
8.根据权利要求7所述的螺线管组件,其中,所述磁通垫片经由焊接连接和粘结连接中的一者附接到所述壳体。
9.根据权利要求7所述的螺线管组件,其中,所述极片的端部被压接到所述磁通垫片的堆叠的部分上。
10.根据权利要求1所述的螺线管组件,其中,所述绕线筒保持器利用焊接连接和粘结连接中的一者附接到所述壳体。
11.一种组装螺线管组件的方法,所述方法包括:
获得极片;
获得绕线筒组件并且将所述绕线筒组件附接到所述极片,所述绕线筒组件包括绕线筒和围绕所述绕线筒缠绕的线圈;
获得壳体并且利用所述壳体来覆盖所述极片和所述绕线筒组件;
使得所述壳体的部分变形;以及
获得绕线筒保持器并且将所述绕线筒保持器插入到所述壳体中,使得所述壳体的部分的内表面接触所述绕线筒保持器的外表面。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中,使得所述壳体的部分变形包括:获得多个滑动构件,将所述滑动构件围绕所述壳体放置,以及将所述滑动构件朝向所述壳体移动以便接触所述壳体的部分并且使得所述壳体的部分变形。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,每个滑动构件具有用于接触所述壳体的成角度的接触表面。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,所述方法还包括:获得具有成锥形内表面的帽构件以及将所述帽构件放置在所述壳体和所述滑动构件上方,并且将所述滑动构件移动包括将所述帽构件相对于所述壳体和所述滑动构件移动,以使得所述帽的内表面与所述滑动构件之间的接触使得所述滑动构件朝向所述壳体移动。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,所述方法还包括:获得定位构件以及将所述壳体放置在所述定位构件上。
16.根据权利要求14所述的方法,所述方法还包括:获得基部构件,将所述基部构件相对于所述定位构件定位,以及将所述帽构件连接到所述基部构件以使得所述帽构件相对于所述基部构件的位置是可调节的。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中,移动所述帽构件包括:调节所述帽构件相对于所述基部构件的位置。
18.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中,所述壳体包括开放端部和部分封闭端部,且所述方法还包括:获得多个磁通垫片并且将所述磁通垫片以堆叠布置放置在所述壳体的部分封闭端部上方。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中,覆盖所述极片包括将所述极片的端部插入通过所述壳体的部分封闭端部,放置所述磁通垫片包括将所述磁通垫片围绕所述极片的端部放置,且所述方法还包括:压接所述极片的端部,以使得所述极片的端部在所述磁通垫片的堆叠布置的至少一部分上方延伸并且将所述磁通垫片紧固到所述壳体。
20.根据权利要求17所述的方法,所述方法还包括:通过焊接和粘结中的至少一者将所述磁通垫片附接到所述壳体。
21.根据权利要求12所述的方法,所述方法还包括:通过焊接和粘结中的至少一者将所述绕线筒保持器附接到所述壳体。
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US20190003611A1 (en) | 2019-01-03 |
US10883458B2 (en) | 2021-01-05 |
US11231032B2 (en) | 2022-01-25 |
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CN109210246A (zh) | 2019-01-15 |
CN111542693A (zh) | 2020-08-14 |
CN111542693B (zh) | 2022-04-19 |
CN111630271B (zh) | 2022-09-27 |
US20190003474A1 (en) | 2019-01-03 |
US11105437B2 (en) | 2021-08-31 |
WO2019010221A1 (en) | 2019-01-10 |
US10982634B2 (en) | 2021-04-20 |
CN109306926A (zh) | 2019-02-05 |
US20190003598A1 (en) | 2019-01-03 |
CN111630271A (zh) | 2020-09-04 |
US20190010909A1 (en) | 2019-01-10 |
US10982633B2 (en) | 2021-04-20 |
CN109215933B (zh) | 2021-09-03 |
US11035491B2 (en) | 2021-06-15 |
CN109215932B (zh) | 2021-08-17 |
US20190003603A1 (en) | 2019-01-03 |
CN109306926B (zh) | 2021-04-20 |
CN109210246B (zh) | 2021-05-28 |
CN109215933A (zh) | 2019-01-15 |
WO2019010206A1 (en) | 2019-01-10 |
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