CN109210189B - 变速器致动器、系统包和由系统包与变速器罩组成的系统 - Google Patents
变速器致动器、系统包和由系统包与变速器罩组成的系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种变速器致动器(1),具有用于使切换轴(3)平移地和旋转地运动的调节单元(2),该切换轴具有固定在切换轴上用于操纵第一齿轮组装置的第一操纵机构(4)和固定在切换轴上用于操纵第二齿轮组装置的第二操纵机构(5),第一操纵机构布置在调节单元的一侧上,第二操纵机构布置在调节单元的另一侧上。一种由变速器致动器(1)、至少一个电动泵致动器(18、19)和阀板(17)组成的系统包,变速器致动器设计用于安装在变速器罩(16)内部,泵致动器和阀板分别设计用于安装在变速器罩内部或外部。一种由系统包和变速器罩组成的系统,变速器致动器布置和固定在变速器罩内部,电动泵致动器和阀板分别布置和固定在变速器罩内部或外部。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种变速器致动器、尤其液压地或者电动地驱动的变速器致动器,用于挂入和摘出(Auslegen)机动车的换档变速器(例如双离合器变速器)的档位和/或用于切换或更换或选择档位,该变速器致动器具有用于使切换轴平移式地和旋转式地运动的调节单元,该切换轴具有固定在所述切换轴上的第一操纵机构和固定在所述切换轴上的第二操纵机构,所述第一操纵机构设计用于操纵(即用于挂入/摘出和用于切换)第一齿轮组装置(例如第一子变速器)的档位,所述第二操纵机构设计用于操纵(即用于挂入/摘出和用于切换)第二齿轮组装置(例如第二子变速器)的档位。本发明还涉及一种由这样的变速器致动器、至少一个电动泵致动器和阀板组成的系统包。本发明还涉及一种由这样的系统包和变速器罩组成的系统。
背景技术
从现有技术已知变速器致动器、尤其液压变速器致动器。例如WO2015/149795公开了一种液压变速器致动器(HGA),例如用于具有换档叉轴的双离合器变速器,用于操纵换档叉轴以便借助于切换源操纵切换位置,所述切换源具有集成的切换杆,所述切换杆具有用于主动联锁系统的切换指以及锁止和顶出元件,其中,分别设置仅仅一个用于选择运动的轴向单元和用于摆动运动的摆动单元。
通过这样的主动联锁系统可行的是,借助共同的致动器以任意组合预先选择双离合器变速器的两个子变速器中的档位。在此,存在着基本上由切换选择轴的模块和驱动单元的模块组成的主动联锁变速器致动器。具有切换指以及锁止和顶出元件的切换指单元构成用于对变速器进行内部切换的接口。所述切换指单元与换档叉轴相互作用,用于操纵移动套筒。类似于手动变速器的操纵,借助切换指进行档位的挂入。然而特别之处在于,在换档叉轴上构造有与切换指宽度相比明显更宽的开口、即空隙。由此可行的是,在挂入档位的情况下,也使切换轴往回转动到中间位置中并且借助切换指选择用于另外的档位的另外的狭道。如果在相同的子变速器中预先选择一个新的档位,则锁止和顶出元件同时承担之前还挂着的档位的摘出。
在此,切换轴不但能够在一个转动方向上运动而且可以在另一转动方向上运动,以便顶出之前所挂入的档位。在驱动单元中分别设置有电动机,用于实施档位的切换和选择运动。切换马达承担档位的挂入和摘出以及切换指到中间的选择位置中的回位运动。也就是该切换马达承担切换轴的转动运动。而选择马达用于切换指在所希望的狭道中的定位,即用于切换轴的轴向运动和切换指的轴向定位。
然而,在现有技术的液压变速器致动器中,只有具有切换指和锁止和顶出元件的切换单元装配在变速器罩内部。用于使切换轴平移式地和旋转式地运动的液压调节单元布置在变速器罩外部。即现有技术总是具有下述缺点:在变速器罩外部需要提高的安装空间。此外,在同步器和操纵装置之间的路段非常大,这导致另外的缺点。
发明内容
那么本发明的任务在于,避免或者至少减少来自现有技术的缺点。尤其应开发一种变速器致动器,所述变速器致动器需要在变速器罩外部的降低的安装空间,所述降低的安装空间附加地实现提高变速器致动的刚性并且降低变速器致动器的复杂性。
在这种类型的设备中,根据本发明通过下述方式来解决本发明的任务:第一操纵机构布置在调节单元的一个轴向侧上,并且第二操纵机构布置在调节单元的、与第一侧对置的另一侧上。
这具有下述优点:将常规的主动联锁系统在位置上分隔为用于第一齿轮组装置的区域和用于第二齿轮组装置的区域。由此可行的是,将离合器致动器和变速器致动器统一为一个系统包,所述系统包能够绝大部分地集成到变速器罩安装空间中。此外,由于操纵机构布置在调节单元的两侧上,通过缩短从换档叉轴到同步器的路段来提高变速器致动的刚性。那么根据本发明的解决方案提出,将操纵机构布置在切换轴的两个端部上并且因此在位置上分隔开,以便尤其降低在同步器和操纵装置之间的距离。
在从属权利要求中提出并且接下来详细地解释有利的实施方式。
此外适宜的是,变速器致动器是液压变速器致动器(HGA)。由此,能够简单地致动切换轴的轴向移动和转动运动。
此外有利的是,第一操纵机构布置在切换轴的一个轴向端部上,并且第二操纵机构布置在切换轴的另一轴向端部上,因为这样能够缩短在操纵装置和同步器之间的路段。
也有利的是,用于使切换轴轴向移动和/或旋转或摆动的调节单元在切换轴上布置在第一操纵机构和第二操纵机构之间。那么由此能够显著地降低在同步器和操纵装置之间的距离,这具有提高变速器致动的刚性的结果。
此外适宜的是,第一操纵机构具有用于挂入档位的切换指,和/或第二机械装置具有用于挂入的切换指,该切换指不同于第一操纵机构的切换指。那么与现有技术的变速器致动器相对地需要两个切换指,所述两个切换指交替地操纵第一齿轮组装置或者第二齿轮组装置。对于这种设计不必要的是,两个子离合器按照“上方”和“下方”分隔开地划分。上方或者下方的换档叉轴通至哪个子离合器对于操纵不重要。更确切地说,在这里更重要的是根据第一齿轮组装置和第二齿轮组装置的档位来安排。
在这里,被证明有利的是,第一操纵机构还具有用于摘出档位的至少一个顶出元件或者摘出指(Auslegefinger),和/或第二操纵机构还具有用于顶出/摘出档位的至少一个顶出元件或者摘出指,其中,第二操纵机构的顶出元件是不同于第一操纵机构的顶出元件的顶出元件。
也有利的是,第一操纵机构的切换指和第二操纵机构的切换指布置在切换轴上使得两个切换指总是只有一个布置在操纵位置中、即与换档叉轴在径向上对齐地布置,并且另一切换指与一个或者所有换档叉轴错开地布置。也就是说,在操纵第一齿轮组装置时,不操纵第二齿轮组装置,进而使第二切换指运动到空的狭道中。因此确保总是能够挂入仅仅一个档位。
此外,一个有利的实施例的特征在于,变速器致动器布置在变速器罩内部。这意味着,不但(具有切换指和可选地具有顶出元件的)切换轴而且(用于使该切换轴轴向移动或者旋转的)调节单元布置在变速器罩内部。由此能够以有利的方式降低在变速器罩外部的安装空间。
根据本发明,本发明的任务也由此解决:使用由根据本发明的变速器致动器、至少一个电动泵致动器(EPA)和阀体或者说阀板组成的系统包,其中,液压变速器致动器设计用于安装在变速器罩内部,并且泵致动器和阀板分别设计用于安装在变速器罩内部或者外部。首先不重要的是,阀体或者阀板布置在变速器罩内部更好还是布置在外部更好。电动泵致动器优选地布置“在外部”。但是存在着其也位于“内部”的可行性。
有利地,液压变速器致动器的构件能够装配在变速器罩内部,而泵致动器和阀板连同阀能够布置在变速器罩外部,所述阀供给液压变速器致动器和例如分离离合器。
在此适宜的是,系统包具有两个电动泵致动器。只有这样能够确保,能够随时地借助于电动泵致动器执行离合器操纵。这意味着,第二电动泵致动器作为“备份”使用。也就是说,电动泵致动器的双重布置不基于操纵能量的总和来确立。更确切地说(在时间上)存在着至少一个电动泵致动器可供使用,而第二电动泵致动器执行离合器操纵。
此外本发明也涉及一种由根据本发明的系统包和变速器罩组成的系统,所述系统包具有变速器致动器、至少一个电动泵致动器和阀板,其中,变速器致动器在变速器罩内部例如固定在变速器罩上,并且一个或者多个所述电动泵致动器和阀板分别固定在变速器罩内部或者外部。
换言之,本发明涉及一种用于优化地集成液压变速器致动器的解决方案,其中,将常规的“主动联锁系统”在位置上分隔开并且使离合器致动器和变速器致动器统一为一个系统包。由此能够将所述系统包部分地集成到变速器罩安装空间中。由此,能够通过缩短从换档叉轴到同步器的路段来提高变速器致动的刚性。相对于现有技术的主动联锁系统,切换和摘出指不是布置在轴的一个端部上,而是切换和摘出指被拆开用于操纵换档变速器的第一齿轮组装置和操纵换档变速器的第二齿轮组装置并且布置在切换轴的两个端部上,以便减小同步器和操纵装置之间的距离。
即,需要两个切换指。优选地第一齿轮组装置配属于一个(轴向)侧,并且另外的齿轮组装置配属于另一(轴向)侧。在此,换档叉轴布置为使得在操纵一个(例如第一)齿轮组装置时不操纵另外的(例如第二)齿轮组装置,而用于操纵第二齿轮组装置的第二切换指运动到空的狭道中并且不与换档叉轴对齐。
通过切换轴的横向移动能够在第一齿轮组装置或者第二齿轮组装置中构造换档叉轴。通过轴随后的旋转,切换轴的轴力矩通过切换指传递到换档叉轴上,从而使换档叉轴脱离。在根据本发明的实施方式中,横向的和旋转式的运动通过在液压变速器致动器中的液压调节单元实施。即,能够通过横向的移动选择档位,并且能够通过旋转式运动挂入或者切换档位。优选地液压变速器致动器完全集成在变速器罩内部并且直接装配到阀板上。在此,阀板对外锁闭变速器。这具有下述优点:液压路段具有好的通风并且提高变速器致动器的整体刚性,因为使用较短的换档叉轴用于主动联锁。
附图说明
接下来借助于附图解释本发明。在此示出:
图1根据本发明的变速器致动器的示意性示图,所述变速器致动器具有切换轴和用于操纵第一齿轮组装置和第二齿轮组装置的、在位置上分隔开的操纵机构,
图2变速器致动器的示意性示图,所述变速器致动器具有用于切换轴的轴向移动的液压活塞单元和用于切换轴旋转式地运动的活塞-齿杆单元,
图3变速器致动器的示意性示图,所述变速器致动器具有用于切换轴的轴向移动的活塞单元和用于切换轴的旋转式地运动的摆动单元,和
图4具有两个电动泵致动器、阀板和变速器罩的变速器致动器的示意性示图和它们相对彼此的布置的示意性示图。
附图仅仅是示意性质的并且仅仅用于本发明的理解。相同的元件设有相同的附图标记。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于挂入和摘出机动车的双离合器的档位和/或用于切换机动车的双离合器的档位的变速器致动器1。典型地,使用液压变速器致动器(HGA)。
如在图2中可见,变速器致动器1具有调节单元2,所述调节单元设计用于使切换轴3平移式地和旋转式地运动。在切换轴3上固定有第一操纵机构4,所述第一操纵机构设计用于操纵第一齿轮组装置。在切换轴3上也固定有第二操纵机构5,所述第二操纵机构设计用于操纵第二齿轮组装置。
在此,第一操纵机构4布置在调节单元2的一侧上,并且第二操纵机构5布置在调节单元2的另一侧上。即,第一操纵机构4布置在切换轴3的第一轴向端部上,而第二操纵机构5布置在切换轴3的另一轴向端部(即与第一端部对置)上。
调节单元2具有切换模块6和选择模块7。切换模块6设计用于使切换轴3旋转式地运动,从而操纵机构与换档叉轴8共同作用使得挂入换档叉轴8。选择模块7设计用于使切换轴3轴向地移动并且因此使换档叉轴8与操纵机构4、5对齐。第一操纵机构4和第二操纵机构5分别具有切换指9和至少一个顶出元件10/摘出指10。
即,选择单元7设计用于或者使第一操纵机构4的切换指9或者使第二操纵机构5的切换指9与换档叉轴8对齐。在此,切换指9布置在切换轴3上使得当第一操纵机构4的切换指9与换档叉轴8对齐时,另外的切换指9、即第二操纵机构5的切换指运动到空的狭道中。
如在图2中所示出的,切换模块6能够构造为具有活塞11和齿杆12的单元,所述活塞和齿杆共同作用使得在压力加载活塞11时,它们能够使切换轴3扭转。如在图3中所示出的,切换模块6也能够构造为具有摆动翼13的单元,其中,通过压力加载被摆动翼13相互分隔开的油室中的一个油室而旋转式地调整切换轴3。
选择模块7构造为具有活塞14的单元,在压力加载油室时,能够使所述活塞对抗弹簧15的弹簧预紧力移动,从而使切换轴3轴向地移动。
图4示出变速器致动器1的布置。变速器致动器1与切换轴、切换指9、摘出指10/顶出元件10和调节单元2共同地布置在变速器罩16内部并且固定在变速器罩16上。变速器罩被阀板17封闭,所述阀板布置在变速器罩16外部。在阀板17上布置有多个阀,所述阀与第一电动泵致动器(EPA)18和第二电动泵致动器(EPA)19连接。即,电动泵致动器18、19也布置在变速器罩16外部。
附图标记列表
1变速器致动器
2调节单元
3切换轴
4第一操纵机构
5第二操纵机构
6切换模块
7选择模块
8换档叉轴
9切换指
10顶出元件/摘出指
11活塞
12齿杆
13摆动翼
14活塞
15弹簧
16变速器罩
17阀板
18第一电动泵致动器
19第二电动泵致动器
Claims (8)
1.一种系统包,所述系统包由变速器致动器(1)、至少一个电动泵致动器(18、19)和阀板(17)组成,所述变速器致动器用于挂入和摘出机动车的换档变速器的档位和/或用于切换机动车的换档变速器的档位,所述变速器致动器具有用于使切换轴(3)平移式地和/或旋转式地运动的调节单元(2),所述切换轴具有固定在所述切换轴(3)上的第一操纵机构(4)和固定在所述切换轴(3)上的第二操纵机构(5),所述第一操纵机构设计用于操纵第一齿轮组装置,所述第二操纵机构设计用于操纵第二齿轮组装置,其特征在于,所述第一操纵机构(4)布置在所述调节单元(2)的一侧上,并且所述第二操纵机构(5)布置在所述调节单元(2)的另一侧上,所述变速器致动器(1)设计用于布置在变速器罩(16)内部,并且所述电动泵致动器(18、19)和所述阀板(17)分别设计用于安装在所述变速器罩(16)内部或者外部。
2.一种用于根据权利要求1所述的系统包的变速器致动器(1),其特征在于,所述变速器致动器(1)是液压式变速器致动器。
3.根据权利要求2所述的变速器致动器(1),其特征在于,所述第一操纵机构(4)布置在所述切换轴(3)的一个轴向端部上,并且所述第二操纵机构(5)布置在所述切换轴(3)的另一轴向端部上。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的变速器致动器(1),其特征在于,用于使所述切换轴(3)轴向移动和/或旋转的调节单元(2)在所述第一操纵机构(4)和所述第二操纵机构(5)之间布置在所述切换轴(3)上。
5.根据权利要求2所述的变速器致动器(1),其特征在于,所述第一操纵机构(4)具有切换指(9),和/或所述第二操纵机构(5)具有切换指(9)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的变速器致动器(1),其特征在于,所述第一操纵机构(4)还具有至少一个摘出指(10),和/或所述第二操纵机构(5)还具有至少一个摘出指(10)。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的变速器致动器(1),其特征在于,所述第一操纵机构(4)的切换指(9)和所述第二操纵机构(5)的切换指(9)布置在所述切换轴(3)上,使得所述第一操纵机构的切换指和所述第二操纵机构的切换指总是只有一个在操纵位置中。
8.一种由根据权利要求1所述的系统包和变速器罩(16)组成的系统,其中,变速器致动器(1)布置和固定在所述变速器罩(16)内部,并且,电动泵致动器(18、19)和阀板(17)分别布置和固定在所述变速器罩(16)内部或者外部。
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