CN109208356B - 一种丝绸织物表面环糊精接枝改性方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种丝绸织物表面环糊精接枝改性方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种丝绸织物表面环糊精接枝改性方法及应用，将丝绸织物采用低温等离子体进行表面处理，处理后的丝绸织物均匀喷洒一层环氧氯丙烷，然后将丝绸织物浸入环糊精水溶液中，进行接枝反应，最后将完成接枝反应的丝绸织物水洗、干燥。本发明将环糊精通过环氧基团接枝到丝绸织物表面，在丝绸织物的表面形成具有略呈锥形的中空圆筒立体环状结构的环糊精分子层，采用本发明对丝绸织物进行表面接枝改性后，提高了织物吸附粒子的牢度和耐久性，显著提高与各种有机抗菌剂分子或者紫外线吸收剂分子的粘结力，并能够解决丝绸织物易生折皱，容易吸身、不够结实、褪色较快等问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织工程领域，具体涉及一种丝绸织物表面环糊精接枝改性方法及应用。
背景技术
丝绸传统印染工艺所用的染料绝大部分是直接、酸性和中性染料，大部分的色牢度都只能勉强达到3级，深颜色还远远达不到这一指标，所以，要使真丝绸真正能达到洗可穿的目标，就必须解决色牢度问题。
目前，真丝绸印染所采用的染料和印染工艺存在着致命的弱点，主要表现在以下5个方面：
(1)丝绸印染用的染料多数为弱酸性染料、中性染料和直接染料，染料在生产、印染和服用过程中均对环境造成污染。如：中性染料生产过程中过量的金属铬离子严重污染环境。德国和欧洲一些国家已提出要求严格控制纺织品中重金属离子的残留量。
(2)湿处理牢度差，一般深中色在2-3级左右，个别染料印染只有2级左右，服用上表现为不能与其他月及装同浴洗涤，同时由于褪色还会造成色浅变旧。
(3)日晒牢度差，一般只有1-2级左右，特别是鲜艳的青莲、湖蓝、艳蓝等颜色，经过一个夏天就会褪色，丧失了服用的时效性，不能被广大消费者所接受。
(4)随着防缩抗皱整理技术的逐渐成熟，水洗褪色、沾色、易旧等弊端日趋突出，不解决色牢度问题洲良难真正意义上达到“洗可穿”。
(5)不论是内销产品，还是出口产品普遍要求高坚牢度印染的真丝绸(水洗、皂洗牢度要求4级以上；湿摩擦牢度3级以上)，目前工厂还不能产业化生产，迫切需要解决这一难题。
另外，丝绸织物还存在易生折皱，容易吸身、不够结实、褪色较快等缺点。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种丝绸织物表面环糊精接枝改性方法，以增强丝绸织物的表面活性，提高了织物吸附粒子的牢度和耐久性。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种丝绸织物表面环糊精接枝改性方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：将丝绸织物采用低温等离子体进行表面处理；
步骤二：在步骤一表面处理后的丝绸织物均匀喷洒一层环氧氯丙烷；
步骤三：将步骤二得到的丝绸织物浸入环糊精水溶液中，进行接枝反应；
步骤四：将完成接枝反应的丝绸织物水洗、干燥。
本发明在改性过程中，将环糊精通过环氧基团接枝到丝绸织物表面，在丝绸织物的表面形成具有略呈锥形的中空圆筒立体环状结构的环糊精分子层，在环糊精空洞结构中，外侧上端仲羟基构成，下端由伯羟基构成，具有亲水性，而空腔内由于受到C-H 键的屏蔽作用形成了疏水区。增强了丝绸织物与亲水分子或疏水分子的结合力。而且，环糊精是由环状低聚葡萄糖构成，赋予丝绸织物纤维素织物的染色特性，大大扩展了丝绸织物可使用的染料范围，增强了染料分子与织物的结合力，染色色彩更鲜艳，色牢度更高。丝绸织物经过本发明进行接枝改性后，其与各种有机抗菌剂分子或者紫外线吸收剂分子粘结力得到较大的提高，赋予丝绸织物长效耐洗的抗菌抗紫外线功能。
进一步地，步骤一中，低温等离子体处理的条件为：气体采用氧气；处理功率为250～300W，优选270W；压强50～60Pa，优选55Pa；处理时间为10～15min，优选12min。
步骤二中，所述环氧氯丙烷的喷洒量为10～20g/m2，优选15g/m2。
步骤三中，所述环糊精水溶液的浓度为10～20g/L，优选15g/L。
所述接枝反应的时间为0.5～1.5h，优选1.0h；反应温度为5～10℃，优选7℃。
步骤四中，所述水洗的温度为20～30℃，优选25℃。
所述干燥的温度为40～50℃，优选45℃。
上述改性方法在提高丝绸织物染色色牢度上的应用，在改善丝绸织物抗菌整理上的应用，在改善丝绸织物抗紫外线整理上的应用均在本申请的保护范围中。
有益效果：
本发明将环糊精通过环氧基团接枝到丝绸织物表面，在丝绸织物的表面形成具有略呈锥形的中空圆筒立体环状结构的环糊精分子层，采用本发明对丝绸织物进行表面接枝改性后，提高了织物吸附粒子的牢度和耐久性，显著提高与各种有机抗菌剂分子或者紫外线吸收剂分子的粘结力，并能够解决丝绸织物易生折皱，容易吸身、不够结实、褪色较快等问题。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例，可以更好地理解本发明。
实施例1
取1kg丝绸织物，用低温等离子体进行表面处理，具体参数为：气体为氧气、处理功率为270W、压强55Pa、时间12分钟，然后用环氧氯丙烷以15g/m2的浓度均匀喷洒织物表面，进行活化。配制15g/L环糊精水溶液，然后将经过表面活化处理的丝绸织物浸入，进行接枝反应，接枝反应温度为7℃，反应时间为1.0小时。将完成接枝反应的丝绸织物用25℃的水清洗5次后、在45℃下干燥，制得经过表面环糊精接枝改性的1#丝绸织物。
实施例2
取1kg丝绸织物，用低温等离子体进行表面处理，具体参数为：气体为氧气、处理功率为250W、压强50Pa、时间10分钟，然后用环氧氯丙烷以10g/m2的浓度均匀喷洒织物表面，进行活化。配制10g/L环糊精水溶液，然后将经过表面活化处理的丝绸织物浸入，进行接枝反应，接枝反应温度为5℃，反应时间为0.5小时。将完成接枝反应的丝绸织物用20℃的水清洗5次后、在40℃下干燥，制得经过表面环糊精接枝改性的2#丝绸织物。
实施例3
取1kg丝绸织物，用低温等离子体进行表面处理，具体参数为：气体为氧气、处理功率为300W、压强60Pa、时间15分钟，然后用环氧氯丙烷以20g/m2的浓度均匀喷洒织物表面，进行活化。配制20g/L环糊精水溶液，然后将经过表面活化处理的丝绸织物浸入，进行接枝反应，接枝反应温度为10℃，反应时间为1.5小时。将完成接枝反应的丝绸织物用30℃的水清洗5次后、在50℃下干燥，制得经过表面环糊精接枝改性的3#丝绸织物。
对比例1
取1kg丝绸织物，用低温等离子体进行表面处理，具体参数为：气体为氧气、处理功率为270W、压强55Pa、时间12分钟，然后进行表面活化。配制15g/L环糊精水溶液，然后将经过表面活化处理的丝绸织物浸入，进行接枝反应，接枝反应温度为7℃，反应时间为1.0小时。将完成接枝反应的丝绸织物用25℃的水清洗5次后、在45℃下干燥，制得经过表面环糊精接枝改性的4#丝绸织物。
对比例2
取1kg丝绸织物，用环氧氯丙烷以15g/m2的浓度均匀喷洒织物表面，进行活化。配制15g/L环糊精水溶液，然后将经过表面活化处理的丝绸织物浸入，进行接枝反应，接枝反应温度为7℃，反应时间为1.0小时。将完成接枝反应的丝绸织物用25℃的水清洗5次后、在45℃下干燥，制得经过表面环糊精接枝改性的5#丝绸织物。
对比例3
取1kg丝绸织物，用低温等离子体进行表面处理，具体参数为：气体为氧气、处理功率为270W、压强55Pa、时间12分钟，然后用环氧氯丙烷以15g/m2的浓度均匀喷洒织物表面，进行活化。配制15g/L可溶性淀粉水溶液，然后将经过表面活化处理的丝绸织物浸入，进行接枝反应，接枝反应温度为7℃，反应时间为1.0小时。将完成接枝反应的丝绸织物用25℃的水清洗5次后、在45℃下干燥，制得经过表面淀粉改性的6#丝绸织物。
将上述制备的6种丝绸织物分别进行染色、抗菌整理和抗紫外线整理。
染色方法：耐晒果绿BLL、直接耐酸大红4BS、直接草黄R、直接深褐M、活性翠蓝K-GL共5种染料在染液的质量浓度均为2.0g/L，上染时间3.0min，浴比1:50，染色温度60℃，上染率＝1-D1/D0(式中D1为固色后染液的吸光度，D0为染料原液的吸光度)，结果见表1。
皂洗色牢度测试：60-98℃、浴比1:100条件下皂洗30min(0.2％皂洗浴碳酸钠，0.1％肥皂)，然后用CTA评定变色用灰卡确定色牢度等级，结果见表2。
抗菌整理方法：配制抗菌剂SCJ-963A 50g/L，交联剂SCJ-963B1 5g/L，柔软剂MAX-90A 25g/L的混合抗菌整理剂，浴比1:10，温度100℃，时间3min。
抗菌测试方法
利用AATCC100-2004标准检验丝织物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌的抑菌效果见表3。抗菌整理耐洗性：标准合成洗涤剂4g/L，浴比1:50，40℃洗涤10 min；取出织物，冷水冲洗，晾干，为1次洗涤。重复上述方法n次，测试洗涤后织物的抗菌性能。
抗紫外线整理方法：将防紫外线抗菌整理剂(TT-TUB-A)(湖南钛唐纳米科技有限公司)用水稀释25倍，浴比1:10浸渍15分钟后烘焙，浸泡后用烘焙机烘干，温度在130℃。
抗紫外线测试方法：使用UV-2000S纺织物防晒指数分析仪测定整理后棉织物的UPF指数，每块试样测试8次，取平均值。抗紫外线整理耐洗性：标准合成洗涤剂4g/L，浴比1:50，40℃洗涤10min；取出织物，冷水冲洗，晾干，为1次洗涤。重复上述方法n次，测试洗涤后织物的紫外线防护性能，结果见表4。
表1五种染料在样品上的上染率
表2五种染料在样品上的皂洗色牢度等级
| 耐晒果绿BLL | 直接耐酸大红4BS | 直接草黄R | 直接深褐M | 活性翠蓝K-GL | |
| 1# | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| 2# | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
| 3# | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
| 4# | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| 5# | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| 6# | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
从表1和表2可以发现：与对比例比较，经本发明方法处理的丝绸织物对五种不同类型的染料具有更高的上染率和皂洗色牢度。
表3抗菌整理样品的抑菌性能
从表3数据可以知道：与对比例比较，经本发明方法处理的丝绸织物经抗菌整理后对革兰氏阳性菌、阴性菌及真菌均具有更好的抑菌性能，且耐洗性大大增强。
表4抗紫外线整理样品的UPF指数
从表4可以看出：与对比例比较，经本发明方法处理的丝绸织物经抗紫外线整理后，UPF指数大大增强，且耐洗性更佳。
综上所述，经本发明处理的丝绸织物在染色与功能整理上具有更加明显的结合力和结合活性，进而具有更好的耐洗性。
本发明提供了一种丝绸织物表面环糊精接枝改性方法及其应用的思路及方法，具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多，以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。
Claims (6)
1.一种丝绸织物表面环糊精接枝改性方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：将丝绸织物采用低温等离子体进行表面处理；
步骤二：在步骤一表面处理后的丝绸织物均匀喷洒一层环氧氯丙烷；
步骤三：将步骤二得到的丝绸织物浸入环糊精水溶液中，进行接枝反应；
步骤四：将完成接枝反应的丝绸织物水洗、干燥；
步骤二中，所述环氧氯丙烷的喷洒量为10~20 g/m2；
步骤三中，所述接枝反应的时间为0.5~1.5h，反应温度为5~10℃；
步骤一中，低温等离子体处理的条件为：气体采用氧气，处理功率为250~300 W，压强50~60 Pa，处理时间为10~15min；
步骤三中，所述环糊精水溶液的浓度为10~20 g/L。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种丝绸织物表面环糊精接枝改性方法，其特征在于，步骤四中，所述水洗的温度为20~30℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种丝绸织物表面环糊精接枝改性方法，其特征在于，步骤四中，所述干燥的温度为40~50℃。
4.权利要求1所述方法在提高丝绸织物染色色牢度上的应用。
5.权利要求1所述方法在改善丝绸织物抗菌整理上的应用。
6.权利要求1所述方法在改善丝绸织物抗紫外线整理上的应用。
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