CN109208338B - 一种超轻、高强柔性复合膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种超轻、高强柔性复合膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109208338B
CN109208338B CN201710552564.XA CN201710552564A CN109208338B CN 109208338 B CN109208338 B CN 109208338B CN 201710552564 A CN201710552564 A CN 201710552564A CN 109208338 B CN109208338 B CN 109208338B
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composite film
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马俭
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Zhejiang Quantumeta Amt Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种超轻、高强柔性复合膜及其制造方法,该复合膜包括增强层和聚合物涂层,其特征在于,上述增强层为含有超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的织物,上述聚合物涂层涂敷于上述增强层的上面和/或下面。此超轻、高强柔性复合膜可广泛应用于充气玩具、充气建筑等充气设备,油囊、水囊等液体储存设备,帐篷、卡车篷布等防水材料。

Description

一种超轻、高强柔性复合膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料领域,特别涉及一种复合膜。
背景技术
随着科技的发展,人们越来越认识到节约能源的重要性。使用普通材料作为基布的复合膜要想达到较高的强度,就必须提高织物的密度,从而提高了最终的复合膜的面密度,此举在使用过程中造成能源的浪费。于是市场上对超轻、高强的复合膜的需求逐渐增多。
超高分子量聚乙烯纤维(英文全称:Ultra High Molecular WeightPolyethylene Fiber,简称UHMWPE),又称高强高模聚乙烯纤维,是目前世界上比强度和比模量最高的纤维,它是用分子量在100万~500万的聚乙烯粉纺出的。其优越的物理化学性能主要体现在:
1、高比强度,高比模量。比强度可达同等截面钢丝的十五倍。
2、纤维密度低,密度是0.97g/cm3,可浮于水面。
3、断裂伸长率低,具有很强的吸收能量的能力,因而抗冲击性和抗切割性突出。
4、抗紫外线辐射,防中子和γ射线,介电常数低、电磁波透射率高。
5、耐化学腐蚀、耐磨性、有较长的挠曲寿命。
由于超高分子量聚乙烯纤维具有众多的优异特性,它在高性能纤维市场上发挥着举足轻重的作用。
但由于表面惰性问题,超高分子量聚乙烯纤维织物一直无法进行表面贴合或进行复合使用,从而大大限制了超高分子量聚乙烯纤维织物在柔性复合材料领域的使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种超轻、高强柔性复合膜及其制备方法。
具体而言,本发明的第一方面提供了一种复合膜,其包括增强层和聚合物涂层,其中,增强层为含有超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的织物,聚合物涂层涂敷于增强层的上面和/或下面。
本发明的第二方面提供了上述复合膜的制造方法。
发明的效果
本发明提供的复合膜有效地克服了超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的表面惰性问题,使制得的复合膜满足超轻、高强柔性的技术要求。并且该复合膜通过首次采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维织物作为增强层,得到了如下的技术效果:减轻了基布层的重量,同时大大提高了复合膜的拉伸强度、撕裂强度和顶破强度。
附图说明
图1为本发明的复合膜的示意图。
附图标记说明
1、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维织物增强层
2、聚合物涂层
3、复合膜
具体实施方式
本发明的复合膜纤维包括增强层和聚合物涂层,其中,增强层为含有超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的织物,聚合物涂层涂敷于增强层的上面和/或下面。
在一个优选实施方式中,上述用作增强层的含有超高分子量的聚乙烯纤维的织物为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维体积含量高于10%的基布。
在一个优选实施方式中,上述基布用含有超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的纤维材料织造而成。
在一个更优选的实施方式中,上述超高分子量聚乙烯纤维还可以进行如下处理:
提供一卷或超过一卷强度不低于1g/d、优选不低于5g/d、更优选不低于10g/d、进一步优选不低于15g/d的原始超高分子量聚乙烯纤维并进行放线获得纱线;优选地,所述放线的拉伸的速度为1-50m/min,优选10~11m/min;
将纱线进行本领域技术人员公知的等离子处理以获得处理后的纱线;
对上述处理后的纱线的至少一部分或全部使用上浆组合物进行上浆(sizing)处理以获得表面能为72mN/m或更高的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维,其中,上述上浆组合物含有一种或一种以上选自醇类或环氧树脂或含氨酯基(-NHCOO-)的溶液或异氰酸酯的组。优选地,在上述上浆处理之前和/或之后或同时进行纱线的拉伸处理。
在一个优选实施方式中,上述基布的微孔均匀分布且小于或等于1000目;优选小于或等于100目;更优选小于或等于50目。
在一个优选实施方式中,上述超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的强度不小于10cN/dtex;优选不小于30cN/dtex。
在一个优选实施方式中,上述聚合物涂层是热塑性聚合物涂层,优选地,其可为选自热塑性聚氨酯弹性体、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、液体硅橡胶中的一种或多种;优选为选自热塑性聚氨酯弹性体、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯中的一种或多种;最优选为热塑性聚氨酯弹性体;特别优选耐水性能更好的聚醚型热塑性聚氨酯弹性体。
上述涂敷于增强层上下的聚合物涂层可以通过增强层的微孔贯通进而冷却固化粘结在一起。
上述固化是指聚合物由熔融态转变为固态的过程。冷却方式可以采用自然冷却或水冷或风冷。
这样的复合膜的拉伸强度、撕裂强度和顶破强度得到了提高。具体而言,该复合膜的拉伸强度大于2000N/5cm,优选大于5000N/5cm,优选大于7000N/5cm,更优选大于10000N/5cm,最优选大于12000N/5cm;撕裂强度大于600N,优选大于900N,更优选大于1200N;顶破强度大于1000N,优选大于1500N,更优选大于1900N。
本发明的超轻、高强柔性复合膜的制造方法,包括以下步骤:
将选定含有超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的纤维材料织成织物;
将选定的聚合物涂层材料经螺杆熔融挤出;
将熔融挤出的熔融聚合物涂覆在织物的两侧。
本发明的超轻、高强柔性复合膜的制造方法还可以包括将多个基布层或聚合物层在外压力的作用下压合在一起而形成一层膜材料的步骤。
在一个优选的实施方式中,包括以下步骤:
1.纤维及涂覆材料的遴选:选择强度不小于10cN/dtex的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维;根据使用要求选择合适的聚合物涂层,可选自热塑性聚氨酯弹性体、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯或硅橡胶。
2.织成织物:根据复合膜的经纬向强度要求,设计合适的线密度进行织布。
3.涂覆涂层:将聚合物粒料放入螺杆挤出机的料斗内,用螺杆挤出机将涂敷料熔融挤出,聚合物熔融料从模头挤出后均匀涂敷在超高分子量聚乙烯织物上。
如此在织物的上下两面分别进行聚合物涂层的涂敷,最终得到双面都涂敷有聚合物涂层的复合膜。这样的超轻、高强柔性复合膜可广泛应用在充气玩具、充气建筑等充气设备,油囊、水囊等液体储存设备,帐篷、卡车篷布等防水材料领域。
下面以具体实施例描述本发明,本领域技术人员理解的是,本发明的保护范围限于权利要求,下述实施例仅仅为了阐明本发明的目的,并不以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例1
在实施例1中,作为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维,使用强度为20cN/dtex的1000D超高分子量聚乙烯纤维;作为聚合物涂层的材料,使用热塑性聚氨酯(
Figure BDA0001344848080000041
9000TPU,Lubrizol公司)。
在织成基布时,织物的编织方式为平纹机织,面密度为630g/m2
在涂覆涂层时,将聚醚型热塑性聚氨酯聚合物粒料放入螺杆挤出机的料斗内,设定螺杆温度为200℃,使粒料通过重力作用流入螺杆挤出机,聚氨酯颗粒通过螺杆的加温熔融后,变为可流动的液态,经过模具形成膜状,然后涂敷在织物表面,形成复合膜结构。
如此在织物的上下两面分别进行聚合物涂层的涂敷,最终得到双面都涂敷有聚合物涂层的复合膜。
实施例2
在实施例2中,在增强层中使用强度为30cN/dtex的1000D超高分子量聚乙烯纤维并使面密度为400g/m2,在聚合物涂层中使用聚氯乙烯(PVC专用树脂,东莞市超华化工),除此以外,与实施例1同样地得到复合膜。
实施例3
在实施例3中,在增强层中使用强度为30cN/dtex的1000D超高分子量聚乙烯纤维,使织物层数为2层,面密度为1600g/m2,除此以外,与实施例1同样地得到复合膜。
实施例4
在实施例4中,在增强层中使织物层数为1层,面密度为1000g/m2,除此以外,与实施例3同样地得到复合膜。
比较例
在比较例中,在增强层中使用涤纶(TCS-FDY,桐昆集团),使面密度为1000g/m2,除此以外,与实施例1同样地得到复合膜。
对所得到的复合膜的性能表征进行测定,其中,关于各个性能标准的测定标准,面密度根据GB/T 4669-2008的规定进行,拉伸强度根据GB/T 3923.1-2013的规定进行,剥离强度根据GB/T 2791-1995的规定进行,撕裂强度根据GB3917.3的规定进行,顶破强度根据的规定进行GB/T 14800-2010。
实施例1~4及比较例的信息及产品性能见表1。
Figure BDA0001344848080000061

Claims (13)

1.一种复合膜,包括增强层和聚合物涂层,其特征在于:
所述增强层为含有强度不小于30cN/dtex的1000D超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的织物,所述聚合物涂层涂敷于所述增强层的上面和/或下面,所述复合膜的拉伸强度大于7000N/5cm。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合膜,其特征在于:
所述复合膜的拉伸强度大于10000N/5cm。
3.如权利要求2所述的复合膜,其特征在于:
所述复合膜的拉伸强度大于12000N/5cm。
4.如权利要求1所述的复合膜,其特征在于:
所述复合膜的撕裂强度大于600N。
5.如权利要求4所述的复合膜,其特征在于:
所述复合膜的撕裂强度大于900N。
6.如权利要求5所述的复合膜,其特征在于:
所述复合膜的撕裂强度大于1200N。
7.如权利要求1所述的复合膜,其特征在于:
所述复合膜的顶破强度大于1000N。
8.如权利要求7所述的复合膜,其特征在于:
所述复合膜的顶破强度大于1500N。
9.如权利要求8所述的复合膜,其特征在于:
所述复合膜的顶破强度大于1900N。
10.如权利要求1所述的复合膜,其特征在于:
所述聚合物涂层为热塑性聚合物。
11.如权利要求10所述的复合膜,其特征在于:
所述热塑性聚合物为选自聚氨酯弹性体、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、硅橡胶中的一种或多种。
12.如权利要求1所述的复合膜,其特征在于:
所述含有超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的织物含有体积含量至少为10%的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维。
13.权利要求1所述的复合膜的制造方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将选定含有强度不小于30cN/dtex的1000D超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的纤维材料织成织物;
将选定的聚合物涂层的材料经螺杆熔融挤出;
将熔融挤出的熔融聚合物材料涂覆在织物的两侧。
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