CN109206332A - 一种氟节胺半抗原与抗原的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种氟节胺半抗原与抗原的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109206332A CN109206332A CN201811104624.2A CN201811104624A CN109206332A CN 109206332 A CN109206332 A CN 109206332A CN 201811104624 A CN201811104624 A CN 201811104624A CN 109206332 A CN109206332 A CN 109206332A
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- C07C227/14—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from compounds containing already amino and carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof
- C07C227/18—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from compounds containing already amino and carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof by reactions involving amino or carboxyl groups, e.g. hydrolysis of esters or amides, by formation of halides, salts or esters
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
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- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
一种氟节胺半抗原与抗原的制备方法及应用,其特征在于:所述氟节胺半抗原是由2‑氯‑1,3‑二硝基‑5‑三氟甲基苯与3‑氨基‑3‑(2‑氯‑6‑氟苯基)‑丙酸反应生成3‑(2‑氯‑6‑氟苯基)‑3‑(2,6‑二硝基‑4‑三氟甲基‑苯氨基)‑丙酸,再与碘乙烷反应得到;所述氟节胺抗原是由氟节胺半抗原与载体蛋白偶联得到。本发明制备的抗原呈现出特异性的氟节胺抗原决定簇,使得筛选出高特异性的氟节胺单克隆抗体成为可能。产生的抗体特异性高、灵敏度高,可用于建立酶联免疫吸附测定方法和胶体金试纸快速测定法,从而实现烟草及食品中氟节胺的快速检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种氟节胺半抗原与抗原的制备方法及应用。属于农药免疫化学技术领域。
背景技术
氟节胺(flumetralin)是一种接触兼局部内吸型抑制烟草侧芽的二硝基苯胺类植物生长调节剂,它是优良的烟草抑芽剂。1977年由瑞士汽巴―嘉基(Ciba―Geigy)公司开发成功。1990年以抑芽敏(Prime)作为商品名在我国正式登记,登记号为PDll6―90。它是一种在国际上较受欢迎的新型高效抑芽剂,适用于烤烟、明火烤烟、马里兰烟、晒烟、雪茄烟。国内浙江省化工研究院最早进行研究开发,并于1998年研制成功,1999年获得了农药临时登记。在烟草人工打顶24小时内施药一次,整个生长季节内不用抹芽。每亩用25%氟节胺乳油60-70 mL,其作用迅速,吸收快,只要施药后2 h无雨,即可奏效,雨季中施药方便。药剂接触完全伸展的叶片不会产生药害,不含有害残留物。使用氟节胺可以节省大量抹芽人工,并使自然成熟度一致,增加产量,提高烟叶上中级的比例和烟叶的内在品质。此外,使用氟节胺还可减轻田间花叶病的接触传染。与其它抑芽剂相比,氟节胺药效很高。国际烟草科学研究合作中心(CORESTA)规定烟草中氟节胺的指导性残留限量为5 mg/kg,我国尚未制定食品中氟节胺的最大残留限量。
目前氟节胺的检测方法主要是仪器检测方法,如气相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱法、气相色谱串联质谱法,等。但是由于这些分析方法需要昂贵的大型仪器设备和专业的检测人员、前处理过程复杂、操作繁琐、检测成本高、分析速度慢,难以满足现场监测和大量样本中农药残留量快速筛查的需要。基于抗原抗体特异性识别的免疫分析方法可以定性定量检测样品中的农药残留。这种分析方法对仪器设备要求不高、快速简便,一般无需对样品进行复杂的预处理,灵敏度高、特异性强,对使用人员的专业技术要求不高,容易普及和推广,可满足快速分析检测的需要,尤其适宜现场筛选和大量样品的快速分析。免疫分析为氟节胺残留研究提供了一个新的分析检测途径。免疫分析目前已成为农药残留分析研究的一个崭新领域,美国化学会将免疫分析与气相色谱、液相色谱共同列为农药残留分析的三大支柱技术。我国农药免疫分析技术研究起步相对较晚,但近年来发展迅速,有关于对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、甲基对氧磷、多菌灵、毒死蜱、三唑磷、氟虫腈、二氯喹啉酸、克百威、三唑酮、甲胺磷、阿特拉津、2甲4氯等农药的人工抗原和高亲和力的特异性抗体的制备及用ELISA法进行样品中痕量农药分析的报道。
本发明属于农药小分子化合物免疫化学和残留分析技术领域,涉及有机合成、免疫化学及生物化学等,依靠免疫学、免疫化学基本原理和生物技术手段,设计、合成小分子目标分析物半抗原,并与载体蛋白质偶联,制备有效人工抗原。制备的抗原可以通过免疫动物制备对小分子分析物特异性识别的抗体,利用抗原抗体的特异性免疫学反应和易被检测识别的标记物的放大作用,定量的检测样品中超微量小分子目标物。半抗原的分子设计与合成是产生特异性抗体和建立农药残留免疫分析方法的关键步骤。人工抗原的制备,包括结合位点、结合方式、载体种类及半抗原与目标分析物质任何结构上的差异,诸如分子大小、形状、成分、构型、构象、极性、电子云密度等在内的拓扑性征,都可能极大的影响着相应抗体的性质。目前关于氟节胺半抗原及抗原的制备方法尚未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的正是基于上述现有技术状况而提供一种氟节胺半抗原与抗原的制备方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种氟节胺半抗原的制备方法,是由2-氯-1,3-二硝基-5-三氟甲基苯与3-氨基-3-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-丙酸反应生成3-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-3-(2,6-二硝基-4-三氟甲基-苯氨基)-丙酸,再与碘乙烷反应得到,其分子结构为:
。
具体步骤如下:
1)取2-氯-1,3-二硝基-5-三氟甲基苯1.00 g,加20 mL无水乙醇溶解,得到A液;另取3-氨基-3-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-丙酸0.88 g,加10 mL无水乙醇溶解,加1 mL含有0.37 g碳酸氢钠的水溶液,得到B液,将A液滴加到B液中,室温反应3 h;TLC检测,原料基本反应完全;停止反应,旋蒸,除去乙醇,加80 mL水溶解,用1 mol/L盐酸调节pH值到6,加80 mL乙酸乙酯振荡分层,有机相水洗,旋蒸,上硅胶柱,用体积比为10:1的正己烷与乙酸乙酯洗脱分离,得到中间体3-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-3-(2,6-二硝基-4-三氟甲基-苯氨基)-丙酸1.53 g;
2)取中间体3-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-3-(2,6-二硝基-4-三氟甲基-苯氨基)-丙酸1.50 g加50 mL乙腈溶解,加氢氧化钾0.20 g,加碘乙烷0.57 g,50℃反应4 h,检测,原料反应完全,停止反应,旋蒸除去乙腈,加100 mL水,溶解,用1 mol/L盐酸调节pH值到6,加80 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相水洗干燥,蒸干,得到黄色油状物,用体积比为1:1的正己烷与二氯甲烷溶液重结晶,得到氟节胺半抗原产物1.51 g。
所述氟节胺半抗原可用于制作动物免疫的抗原体系原料。
一种氟节胺抗原的制备方法,是由所述氟节胺半抗原与载体蛋白偶联得到。所述载体蛋白为牛血清白蛋白、鼠血清蛋白、兔血清蛋白、甲状腺蛋白、卵清蛋白、血蓝蛋白或人血清白蛋白。
具体步骤如下:
免疫抗原的制备:取氟节胺半抗原18 mg,加0.3 mL二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶解,澄清,加碳二亚胺(EDC)8.6 mg,搅拌,澄清,加N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)5.2 mg,室温搅拌活化3 h,得到A液;取BSA 50 mg,加8 mL 0.05 mol/L pH值为7.2的PB缓冲液溶解,得到B液,将A液缓慢滴加到B液中,室温搅拌反应5 h,停止反应,0.02 M PBS缓冲液透析3天,每天换液三次,得到氟节胺-BSA免疫抗原。
包被抗原的制备:取氟节胺半抗原8 mg,加0.2 mL DMF溶解,澄清,加二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)4.13 mg,加NHS 2.3 mg,室温搅拌2 h,过滤,除去沉淀物,得到半抗原活化液A液;取OVA 50 mg,加8 mL 0.05 mol/L pH值为7.2的PB缓冲液溶解,得到B液,将A液缓慢滴加到B液中,室温搅拌反应5 h。停止反应,0.02 M PBS缓冲液透析3天,每天换液三次,得到氟节胺-OVA包被抗原。
采用所述氟节胺抗原免疫动物得到的单克隆抗体,可用于建立酶联免疫吸附测定方法和胶体金试纸快速测定法,从而实现烟草及食品中氟节胺的快速检测。
本发明中合成的氟节胺半抗原既最大程度的保留了氟节胺的化学结构,又有合适长度的连接臂,用该半抗原制备的抗原呈现出特异性的氟节胺抗原决定簇,使得筛选出高特异性的氟节胺单克隆抗体成为可能。产生的抗体特异性高、灵敏度高,可用于建立酶联免疫吸附测定方法和胶体金试纸快速测定法,从而实现烟草及食品中氟节胺的快速检测。
附图说明
图1:氟节胺半抗原合成路线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例来进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1 氟节胺半抗原的制备
1、氟节胺半抗原的合成
取2-氯-1,3-二硝基-5-三氟甲基苯1.00 g,加20 mL无水乙醇溶解,得到A液;另取3-氨基-3-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-丙酸0.88 g,加10 mL无水乙醇溶解,加1 mL含有0.37 g碳酸氢钠的水溶液,得到B液,将A液滴加到B液中,室温反应3 h;TLC检测,原料基本反应完全;停止反应,旋蒸,除去乙醇,加80 mL水溶解,用1 mol/L盐酸调节pH值到6,加80 mL乙酸乙酯振荡分层,有机相水洗,旋蒸,上硅胶柱,用体积比为10:1的正己烷与乙酸乙酯洗脱分离,得到中间体3-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-3-(2,6-二硝基-4-三氟甲基-苯氨基)-丙酸1.53 g,收率92.17%;
取中间体3-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-3-(2,6-二硝基-4-三氟甲基-苯氨基)-丙酸1.50 g加50mL乙腈溶解,加氢氧化钾0.20 g,加碘乙烷0.57 g,50℃反应4 h,检测,原料反应完全,停止反应,旋蒸除去乙腈,加100 mL水,溶解,用1 mol/L盐酸调节pH值到6,加80 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相水洗干燥,蒸干,得到黄色油状物,用体积比为1:1的正己烷与二氯甲烷溶液重结晶,得到氟节胺半抗原产物1.51 g,收率94.97%。
2、氟节胺半抗原的鉴定
核磁鉴定1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHZ)δ:11.00 (1H,s),7.141 (1H, dd, J=8.271, J=1.347),7.373 (2H, dd, J=8.373, J=8.271),4.23 (2H, dd, J=8.373, J=1.347),2.880(2H, d, J=6.843),3.631 (2H, q, J=7.108),1.238 (3H, t, J=7.108),8. 75 (2H, d,J=0.000)。
图谱中,化学位移δ=11.0的为间隔臂上羧基氢共振吸收峰,δ=2.880的为间隔臂上亚甲基氢的共振吸收峰,这些峰的存在,证明间隔臂偶联成功。
实施例2 氟节胺抗原的制备
1、氟节胺免疫抗原的合成
氟节胺半抗原与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)偶联得到免疫原。
取氟节胺半抗原18 mg,加0.3 mL二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶解,澄清,加碳二亚胺(EDC)8.6 mg,搅拌,澄清,加N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)5.2 mg,室温搅拌活化3 h,得到A液;取BSA 50 mg,加8 mL 0.05 mol/L pH值为7.2的PB缓冲液溶解,得到B液,将A液缓慢滴加到B液中,室温搅拌反应5 h,停止反应,0.02 M PBS缓冲液透析3天,每天换液三次,得到氟节胺-BSA免疫原,分装,-20℃保存。
2、氟节胺包被抗原的合成
氟节胺半抗原与卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联得到包被原。
取氟节胺半抗原8 mg,加0.2 mL DMF溶解,澄清,加二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)4.13mg,加NHS 2.3 mg,室温搅拌2 h,过滤,除去沉淀物,得到半抗原活化液A液;取OVA 50 mg,加8 mL 0.05 mol/L pH值为7.2的PB缓冲液溶解,得到B液,将A液缓慢滴加到B液中,室温搅拌反应5 h。停止反应,0.02 M PBS缓冲液透析3天,每天换液三次,得到氟节胺-OVA包被原,分装,-20℃保存。
3、氟节胺抗原的鉴定
按合成氟节胺偶联抗原反应所用半抗原、载体蛋白与偶联产物的比例,进行紫外(200~ 400 nm)扫描测定,通过比较三者分别在260 nm和280 nm的吸光度值计算其结合比。偶联物氟节胺半抗原-载体蛋白的最大吸收峰与氟节胺半抗原、载体蛋白的最大吸收峰相比发生了明显的变化,表明氟节胺半抗原-载体蛋白的合成是成功的。经计算,半抗原与BSA的结合比为12:1,与OVA的结合比为8:1。
实施例3 氟节胺单克隆抗体的制备
1、动物免疫
将上述步骤得到的免疫原注入到Balb/c小鼠体内,免疫剂量为150μg/只,使其产生抗血清。
2、细胞融合和克隆化
小鼠血清测定结果较高后,取其脾细胞,按8:1(数量配比)比例与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,采用间接竞争ELISA测定细胞上清液,筛选阳性孔。利用有限稀释法对阳性孔进行克隆化,直到得到分泌氟节胺单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。
3、细胞冻存和复苏
将单克隆杂交瘤细胞株用冻存液制成1×106个/mL的细胞悬液,在液氮中长期保存。复苏时取出冻存管,立即放入37℃水浴中速融,离心去除冻存液后,移入培养瓶内培养。
4、单克隆抗体的制备与纯化
将Balb/c小鼠腹腔注入灭菌石蜡油0.5mL/只,7天后腹腔注射稳定的单克隆杂交瘤细胞株5×105个/只,7天后采集腹水。用辛酸-饱和硫酸铵法进行腹水纯化,-20℃保存。
5、单克隆抗体效价的测定
用间接竞争 ELISA法测定抗体的效价为1:(100000~400000)。
间接竞争ELISA方法:用氟节胺半抗原-OVA偶联物包被酶标板,加入氟节胺标准品溶液、氟节胺单克隆抗体溶液和辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗鼠抗抗体溶液,25℃反应30min,倒出孔内液体,用洗涤液洗涤3~5次,用吸水纸拍干;加入底物显色液,25℃反应15 min后,加入终止液终止反应;设定酶标仪于波长450 nm处测定每孔吸光度值。
6、单克隆抗体特异性的测定
抗体特异性是指它同特异性抗原结合的能力与同该类抗原类似物结合能力的比较,常用交叉反应率作为评价标准。交叉反应越小,抗体的特异性则越高。
本实验将二硝基苯胺类除草剂(氟节胺、仲丁灵、二甲戊灵、氟乐灵)做系列稀释,分别与单克隆抗体进行间接竞争ELISA,制作标准曲线,分析得到IC50,然后按下式计算交叉反应率:
结果显示各类似物的交叉反应率为:氟节胺100%、仲丁灵<1%、二甲戊灵<1%、氟乐灵<1%。本发明抗体对仲丁灵、二甲戊灵、氟乐灵等其他二硝基苯胺类除草剂无交叉反应,只针对氟节胺有特异性结合。
Claims (8)
1.一种氟节胺半抗原的制备方法,其特征在于:是由2-氯-1,3-二硝基-5-三氟甲基苯与3-氨基-3-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-丙酸反应生成3-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-3-(2,6-二硝基-4-三氟甲基-苯氨基)-丙酸,再与碘乙烷反应得到,其分子结构为:
。
2.如权利要求1所述的氟节胺半抗原的制备方法,其特征在于:该制备方法的具体步骤如下:
1)取2-氯-1,3-二硝基-5-三氟甲基苯1.00 g,加20 mL无水乙醇溶解,得到A液;另取3-氨基-3-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-丙酸0.88 g,加10 mL无水乙醇溶解,加1 mL含有0.37 g碳酸氢钠的水溶液,得到B液,将A液滴加到B液中,室温反应3 h;TLC检测,原料基本反应完全;停止反应,旋蒸,除去乙醇,加80 mL水溶解,用1 mol/L盐酸调节pH值到6,加80 mL乙酸乙酯振荡分层,有机相水洗,旋蒸,上硅胶柱,用体积比为10:1的正己烷与乙酸乙酯洗脱分离,得到中间体3-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-3-(2,6-二硝基-4-三氟甲基-苯氨基)-丙酸1.53 g;
2)取中间体3-(2-氯-6-氟苯基)-3-(2,6-二硝基-4-三氟甲基-苯氨基)-丙酸1.50 g加50 mL乙腈溶解,加氢氧化钾0.20 g,加碘乙烷0.57 g,50℃反应4 h,检测,原料反应完全,停止反应,旋蒸除去乙腈,加100 mL水,溶解,用1 mol/L盐酸调节pH值到6,加80 mL乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相水洗干燥,蒸干,得到黄色油状物,用体积比为1:1的正己烷与二氯甲烷溶液重结晶,得到氟节胺半抗原产物1.51 g。
3.如权利要求1所述方法制备的氟节胺半抗原的应用,其特征在于:所述氟节胺半抗原可用于制作动物免疫的抗原体系原料。
4.一种氟节胺抗原的制备方法,其特征在于:是由权利要求1制得的氟节胺半抗原与载体蛋白偶联得到。
5.如权利要求4所述的氟节胺抗原的制备方法,其特征在于:所述载体蛋白为牛血清白蛋白、鼠血清蛋白、兔血清蛋白、甲状腺蛋白、卵清蛋白、血蓝蛋白或人血清白蛋白。
6.如权利要求4或5所述的氟节胺抗原的制备方法,其特征在于:具体步骤如下:取氟节胺半抗原18 mg,加0.3 mL二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶解,澄清,加碳二亚胺(EDC)8.6 mg,搅拌,澄清,加N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)5.2 mg,室温搅拌活化3 h,得到A液;取牛血清白蛋白50mg,加8 mL 0.05 mol/L pH值为7.2的磷酸盐缓冲液(PB)溶解,得到B液,将A液缓慢滴加到B液中,室温搅拌反应5 h,停止反应,0.02 M 磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)缓冲液透析3天,每天换液三次,得氟节胺抗原,分装,-20℃保存。
7.如权利要求4或5所述的氟节胺抗原的制备方法,其特征在于:具体步骤如下:取氟节胺半抗原8 mg,加0.2 mL DMF溶解,澄清,加二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)4.13 mg,加NHS 2.3mg,室温搅拌2 h,过滤,除去沉淀物,得到半抗原活化液A液;取卵清蛋白50 mg,加8 mL0.05 mol/L pH值为7.2的PB缓冲液溶解,得到B液,将A液缓慢滴加到B液中,室温搅拌反应5h,停止反应,0.02 M PBS透析3天,每天换液三次,得氟节胺抗原,分装,-20℃保存。
8.如权利要求4所述方法制备的氟节胺抗原的应用,其特征在于:采用氟节胺抗原免疫动物得到的单克隆抗体,可用于建立酶联免疫吸附测定方法和胶体金试纸快速测定法,从而实现烟草及食品中氟节胺的快速检测。
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