CN109206217B - Rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of rubber agriculture, and particularly relates to a rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule, and further discloses a preparation method and application thereof. The invention relates to a rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule, which takes the existing rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient as a core material and a mononuclear structure formed by crosslinking chitosan/sodium alginate/glutaraldehyde as a capsule wall material to form the rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule with a slow release effect, so that the capsule not only can improve the symptoms of tapping and rubber discharging, but also can obviously increase the latex yield.

Description

Rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of rubber agriculture, and particularly relates to a rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule, and further discloses a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) belongs to the plant of the genus rubus of the family Euphorbiaceae, is deciduous arbor, has milky juice, is a main production carrier of natural rubber, and has important economic value. The rubber trees are native to the amazon forest, the average annual precipitation is 1150-2500 mm, but the rubber trees are not suitable for being planted in low-humidity places, and the rubber trees are suitable for growing in acid sandy loam with deep soil layers, rich soil, moisture and good drainage. The Chinese vegetable gelatin area is mainly distributed in the whole sea area, the south of Yunnan, the southwest and the Guangdong Leizhou peninsula. At present, the planting area of rubber trees in China is about 1750 ten thousand mu, and the annual dry rubber yield is about more than 80 ten thousand tons, but the self-sufficiency rate of natural rubber is still not more than 30%. Therefore, on the premise of limited land resources in hot areas in China, the yield of the natural rubber in unit area must be greatly improved to improve the total yield of the natural rubber, the production benefit of the land in unit area and the industrial competitiveness.

The dead bark of the rubber tree refers to the phenomenon that the latex part or all of the rubber tree loses the rubber production capacity, and the symptoms of the dead bark of the rubber tree are that the rubber discharge of a cutting line is reduced and even completely stopped. The dead bark phenomenon of the rubber trees seriously influences the unit area yield of the rubber trees in the whole world including China. It is estimated that about 20-50% of rubber trees in rubber-planted countries in the world have dead bark phenomenon, and 15-20% of yield is lost each year, namely 131-.

China is one of the countries with higher incidence of dead bark of rubber trees, and particularly in recent years, the incidence of dead bark of rubber trees is greatly increased year by year. According to statistics, the dead bark rate of national rubber trees reaches up to 24.71 percent, the dead bark cutting stop rate reaches 14.55 percent, and even the dead bark cutting stop rate of some rubber gardens reaches more than 60 percent, so that a large amount of dry rubber yield is reduced every year, and the economic loss caused by the yield reduction reaches more than 20 hundred million yuan. The high dead skin rate offsets the yield increasing efficiency of multiple cultivation measures, seriously retards the increase of the production capacity of the natural rubber in China, and becomes one of the main factors influencing the improvement of the yield of the natural rubber in China at present.

The earliest prevention and treatment method for the dead skin phenomenon of rubber trees is a skin planing method proposed by Rutgers in 1912, which can solve part of mild dead skin symptoms, but for severe plants, it is difficult to plane all diseased tissues without damaging cambium. Subsequently, the peeling method proposed by Pratt in 1917 and the method of removing the diseased bark on the surface layer and applying hot tar together adopted by Harmsen in 1919 can also be used for preventing and treating the dead bark of the rubber tree. In 1989, Siswanto et al in Indonesia used isolation and scraping, and palm oil (95%) + captafol 5% mixed preparation was used for controlling dead bark of rubber trees. In China, the research of treating dead bark of rubber trees by adopting methods such as bark planing, peeling, ditching isolation and the like is also started in the 70 th and 80 th ages. Lissumocong, et al treat dead bark-stopped trees by shallow planing or stripping the lesions with the addition of compound trace elements, but recovery of normal tapping after shallow planing takes at least 7 years, while recovery of peeled plants may take longer. Therefore, the method of removing or isolating the focus by a physical mode not only has long recovery period, but also often causes more damage to the tree body because the cambium is easy to be damaged due to complex operation and improper operation.

In the prior art, for example, a compound preparation for preventing and treating dead skin diseases of rubber trees disclosed in chinese patent CN101743965A, a composition for treating dead skin diseases of rubber trees disclosed in chinese patent CN101889580A, a preparation for preventing and treating dead skin diseases of rubber trees disclosed in chinese patent CN103030461A, a medicament for preventing and treating dead skin diseases of rubber trees disclosed in chinese patent CN104291954A, and a nutrient solution for rehabilitation of dead skin diseases of rubber trees disclosed in chinese patent CN103708904A are used for preventing and treating dead skin diseases of rubber trees by spraying or spraying liquid chemical medicaments on trunks or cutting surfaces. The prevention and treatment method can effectively solve the bark death symptom of the rubber trees, but the mode needs repeated pesticide application for many times, so that the labor intensity is relatively high, the influence of external factors such as weather and operation is large, particularly for glue gardens such as Yunnan mountain areas and the like, the problems of difficulty in water taking and difficulty in going up mountains exist, the mode of spraying the pesticide on the surface of the trunk is greatly limited, and meanwhile, the pesticide absorption rate is relatively low due to the existence of the bark cuticle.

The tree trunk xylem burying method is a fertilizing and drug applying method which is to drill a hole on a tree trunk (or branch) by using a drilling tool and to directly bury a drug into the xylem. The method for correcting the iron deficiency of the fruit trees by embedding the xylem of the trunk of the tree, such as the childhood wind of the institute of natural resources in Sichuan province, also has good effect. In the 80 s of the last century, Rishi cong and the like used for treating dead bark of rubber trees by punching holes on trunks, namely, in the position of a waterline (or triangular bark) of a cutting surface of a diseased tree, a woodworker with the diameter of 1 cm used for drilling a hole with the depth of about 5cm, a small corner of a plastic paper cylinder filled with actual medicaments (ammonium molybdate, borax, zinc sulfate and the like) in advance was cut off, the cut opening faces downwards and is plugged into the hole, and then the hole opening is tightly sealed by oil sludge. After the application of the pesticide, the rubber is cut for about one week, and then the rubber is cut according to the normal cutting method or the method of slightly reducing the rubber cutting strength or the high-low line wheel cutting method. After two years of inspection after the pesticide application, about 70 percent of diseased trees are relieved, and 15 percent of diseased trees are deteriorated; in contrast, 75% of the disease trees in the control were worsened. Therefore, the method is feasible and effective for treating the mild nutritional dead bark trees by adopting a punching and pesticide applying method, and can continue tapping. However, the xylem of the punctured part is usually a withered strip about 30cm long, which indicates that the tree is injured due to excessive local concentration of the medicine after the medicine is applied to the trunk, and this also indicates that the dosage form of the existing rehabilitation medicine needs to be further improved.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the invention aims to provide a nutrient microcapsule for rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation, which has good slow release performance and can be used for the dead skin rehabilitation of rubber trees;

the second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation method of the dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule.

In order to solve the technical problems, the microcapsule of the rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient disclosed by the invention comprises a rehabilitation nutrient and a capsule wall material coated outside the rehabilitation nutrient; the capsule wall material is of a mononuclear structure formed by crosslinking chitosan, sodium alginate and glutaraldehyde, and the rehabilitation nutrient comprises trace elements required by the recovery of dead bark of the rubber tree and endogenous hormone regulating substances thereof.

Specifically, the microcapsule of the nutrient for recovering dead bark of the rubber tree is prepared from the following raw materials: 0.5-5 parts of sodium alginate, 0.25-2.5 parts of chitosan, 5-80 parts of glutaraldehyde, 80-120 parts of oil agent, 1-5 parts of emulsifier and 1-8 parts of rehabilitation nutrient; the relation between the parts by weight and the parts by volume is g/mL.

The deacetylation degree of the chitosan is more than or equal to 85%, and the viscosity is 50-800 mpa.s.

The rehabilitation nutritional agent is at least one of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, zinc sulfate, borax, sodium thiosulfate, sodium caprylate and ammonium nitrate.

The oil agent comprises liquid paraffin; the emulsifier comprises span 80.

The invention also discloses a method for preparing the rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule, which comprises the following steps:

(1) adding water into a selected amount of sodium alginate, and mixing uniformly to obtain a sodium alginate solution for later use;

(2) preparing a selected amount of chitosan to obtain a chitosan acetic acid solution, adding a selected amount of the rehabilitation nutrient, and uniformly mixing for later use;

(3) uniformly mixing a selected amount of the oil agent and the emulsifier, emulsifying, and then adding the prepared sodium alginate solution for uniformly mixing;

(4) adding the chitosan acetic acid solution into the emulsion obtained in the step (3), uniformly mixing, and carrying out curing treatment;

(5) and (4) adding a selected amount of glutaraldehyde into the reaction liquid solidified in the step (4) for reaction to obtain the required rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule.

In the step (1), the mass concentration of the sodium alginate solution is adjusted to be 0.5-5wt%, and the pH value of the sodium alginate solution is adjusted to be 2-5.

In the step (2), the mass concentration of the chitosan acetic acid solution is adjusted to be 0.5-5wt%, the acetic acid content is controlled to be 0.5-4wt%, and the pH value of the chitosan acetic acid solution is adjusted to be 2-5.

In the steps (1) to (5), the reaction temperature in each step is 20 to 80 ℃ independently of each other.

The invention also discloses a use method of the rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule, which comprises the following steps:

(a) vertically drilling a hole at the position 20-30cm away from the ground at the waterline position of the dead-skin rubber tree to be treated, wherein the hole diameter is controlled to be 5-15mm, and the hole depth is controlled to be 5-20 cm;

(b) smearing 3-5% acetic acid at the orifice, and removing when a small amount of overflow latex is solidified;

(c) introducing the microcapsules of claim 1-5 into the borehole and sealing the hole with vaseline mixed with a small amount of carbendazim.

The invention also discloses a method for preventing and treating dead bark of the rubber tree, which comprises the step of embedding the microcapsules of the dead bark rehabilitation nutrient agent of the rubber tree into the xylem of the rubber tree at one time through a tree trunk xylem embedding technology.

The method comprises the steps of adding medicine for 2 times in sequence, wherein the medicine adding time is 4 months and 9 months of the current year, and the subsequent medicine adding is carried out only by properly cleaning the hole of the previous time and sealing the medicine with vaseline mixed with a small amount of carbendazim again after the medicine is introduced.

The invention relates to a rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule, which takes the existing rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient as a core material and a mononuclear structure formed by crosslinking chitosan/sodium alginate/glutaraldehyde as a capsule wall material to form a rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule with a slow release effect, thereby not only improving the symptoms of rubber tapping, but also obviously increasing the yield of latex.

In the microcapsule, the chitosan forming the microcapsule wall material has no toxicity, no harm, good biocompatibility and degradability, is rich in nutrients such as C, N and the like, can effectively induce the generation of plant resistance protein and the formation of lignin, change the phenol metabolism of plants, induce the plants to generate guaiac glucan and strengthen plant cell walls, and can play a certain curative effect on rubber tree dead skin from both pathological and physiological aspects, thereby further strengthening the effect and performance of the microcapsule.

The preparation method of the rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutritional agent microcapsule is simple and easy to implement, the encapsulation rate and the drug loading capacity of the microcapsule are high, the highest encapsulation rate is 69.32%, the highest drug loading capacity is 28.66%, the particle size is relatively uniform, and the sustained release effect of the drug is good.

The invention prepares the nutrient for recovering the dead bark of the rubber tree into a sustained-release microcapsule preparation, combines the tree trunk xylem embedding technology to prevent and treat the dead bark of the rubber tree when in use, and embeds the nutrient into the xylem at one time by the tree trunk xylem embedding technology, thereby having simple operation, labor and time saving, and reducing 80 percent of labor amount compared with the traditional tree trunk liquid preparation spraying technology; meanwhile, the nutrient can be directly embedded in the xylem of the trunk, so that the barrier of the periderm of the trunk and the interference of weather are avoided, the nutrient can be directly absorbed by the tree body, and the effects are quick and the utilization rate is high; meanwhile, the scheme of the invention realizes the slow release of the medicament by a microcapsule technology, realizes the synchronization of the release of the nutrient and the tree body requirement, and avoids the damage to the tree due to the excessive nutrient content in local short time.

According to the method for preventing and treating the dead bark of the rubber tree, a vertical trunk drilling method is adopted instead of oblique drilling, so that the xylem conduit can be cut to the maximum extent, and the absorption of a medicament is facilitated; meanwhile, acetic acid is adopted to smear the orifice, so that the solidification time of a small amount of latex flowing out due to punching is shortened, and the operation efficiency is improved; the vaseline is used for sealing the orifice, the sealing effect is good, the loss of the medicament is avoided, meanwhile, a small amount of carbendazim is added, the healing of the orifice is facilitated, the mouldness is avoided, and the rubber tree can be used for dead skin rehabilitation.

Drawings

In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, the following detailed description of the present disclosure is provided in connection with specific embodiments thereof and the accompanying drawings, in which,

FIG. 1 is an optical micrograph of the dead bark rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule of the rubber tree prepared in example 1.

Detailed Description

Example 1 preparation of microcapsules of nutrient for recovery from dead bark of rubber tree

The rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule is prepared according to the following steps:

(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution: accurately weighing 3g of sodium alginate, adding 100ml of water for dissolving, preparing to obtain 3.0% sodium alginate solution, controlling the rotation speed at 20 ℃ to be 500rpm/min, uniformly stirring, and adjusting the pH value to be 5 for later use;

(2) preparing a chitosan solution: accurately weighing 1.5g of chitosan, preparing 50ml of chitosan acetic acid solution with the mass concentration of 3.0% (the acetic acid content is 2 wt%), then adding 1g of the nutrient for recovering the dead bark of the rubber tree, and uniformly stirring and mixing at the controlled rotating speed of 500rpm/min at 20 ℃, wherein the nutrient for recovering the dead bark of the rubber tree comprises the following components in percentage by mass of 1: 1: 1: 1: 1: 1, fully dissolving ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, zinc sulfate, borax, sodium thiosulfate, sodium caprylate and potassium nitrate, and adjusting the pH value of the reaction solution to be 5;

(3) adding an oil agent and an emulsifier: adding 100ml of liquid paraffin into a three-neck flask, slowly dropwise adding 2.5ml of span-80, and performing high-speed emulsification at 20 ℃ for 10 min; then slowly dripping 100ml of the sodium alginate solution prepared in the step (1) into a three-neck flask, finishing the addition in about 50 minutes, and then controlling the rotating speed to be 500rpm/min and continuing stirring for 10 min;

(4) continuously dropwise adding 50ml of the chitosan acetic acid solution prepared in the step (2) into the three-neck flask, controlling the adding to be finished within about 25 minutes, and continuously curing for 10 min;

(5) continuously dropwise adding 30ml of glutaraldehyde (prepared into a solution with the mass concentration of 10%) into the three-neck flask, and carrying out addition curing reaction for 120 minutes to obtain the required rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule;

(6) filtering and washing the obtained reactants respectively with petroleum ether and isopropanol for 3 times, and drying in a constant-temperature drying oven at 50 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutritional agent microcapsule.

The optical micrograph of the microcapsule prepared by the conventional method in the prior art is shown in figure 1, the microcapsule prepared under the process condition is round and uniform in size, the particle size is between several microns and dozens of microns, the embedding rate is 69.32%, and the drug-loading rate is 14.26%.

Example 2 preparation of microcapsules of nutrient for rehabilitation of dead bark of rubber tree

The rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule is prepared according to the following steps:

(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution: accurately weighing 0.5g of sodium alginate, adding 100ml of water for dissolving, preparing to obtain 0.5% sodium alginate solution, controlling the rotation speed at 40 ℃ to be 800rpm/min, uniformly stirring, and adjusting the pH value to be 4 for later use;

(2) preparing a chitosan solution: accurately weighing 0.25g of chitosan, preparing 50ml of chitosan acetic acid solution with the mass concentration of 0.5% (the acetic acid content is 0.5 wt%), then adding 3g of rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient, and uniformly stirring at the controlled rotating speed of 800rpm/min at 40 ℃, wherein the rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1: 1: 1, fully dissolving ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, zinc sulfate, borax, sodium thiosulfate, sodium caprylate and potassium nitrate, and adjusting the pH value of the reaction solution to be 4;

(3) adding an oil agent and an emulsifier: adding 100ml of liquid paraffin into a three-neck flask, slowly dropwise adding 2.5ml of span-80, and performing high-speed emulsification at 40 ℃ for 10 min; then slowly dripping 100ml of the sodium alginate solution prepared in the step (1) into a three-neck flask, finishing the addition in about 50 minutes, and then controlling the rotating speed to be 800rpm/min and continuing stirring for 10 min;

(4) continuously dropwise adding 50ml of the chitosan acetic acid solution prepared in the step (2) into the three-neck flask, controlling the adding to be finished within about 25 minutes, and continuously curing for 10 min;

(5) continuously dropwise adding 45ml of glutaraldehyde (prepared into a solution with the mass concentration of 10%) into the three-neck flask, and carrying out addition curing reaction for 120 minutes to obtain the required rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule;

(6) filtering and washing the obtained reactants respectively with petroleum ether and isopropanol for 3 times, and drying in a constant-temperature drying oven at 50 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutritional agent microcapsule.

The prepared microcapsule is tested and analyzed by adopting the conventional method in the prior art, and the microcapsule prepared under the process condition is round and uniform in size, the particle size is between several microns and dozens of microns, the embedding rate is 43.53 percent, and the drug-loading rate is 22.94 percent.

Example 3 preparation of microcapsules of nutrient for recovery from dead bark of rubber tree

The rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule is prepared according to the following steps:

(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution: accurately weighing 1g of sodium alginate, adding 100ml of water for dissolving, preparing to obtain 1.0% sodium alginate solution, controlling the rotation speed at 1200rpm/min at 50 ℃, uniformly stirring, and adjusting the pH value to 2 for later use;

(2) preparing a chitosan solution: accurately weighing 0.5g of chitosan, preparing 50ml of chitosan acetic acid solution with the mass concentration of 1.0% (the acetic acid content is 1 wt%), then adding 3g of the rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient, and uniformly stirring at the controlled rotation speed of 1200rpm/min at 50 ℃, wherein the rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1: 1: 1, fully dissolving ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, zinc sulfate, borax, sodium thiosulfate, sodium caprylate and potassium nitrate, and adjusting the pH value of the reaction solution to 2;

(3) adding an oil agent and an emulsifier: adding 100ml of liquid paraffin into a three-neck flask, slowly dropwise adding 2.5ml of span-80, and performing high-speed emulsification at 50 ℃ for 10 min; then slowly dripping 100ml of the sodium alginate solution prepared in the step (1) into a three-neck flask, finishing the addition in about 50 minutes, and then controlling the rotation speed to 1200rpm/min to continue stirring for 10 min;

(4) continuously dropwise adding 50ml of the chitosan acetic acid solution prepared in the step (2) into the three-neck flask, controlling the adding to be finished within about 25 minutes, and continuously curing for 10 min;

(5) continuously dropwise adding 30ml of glutaraldehyde (prepared into a solution with the mass concentration of 10%) into the three-neck flask, and carrying out addition curing reaction for 120 minutes to obtain the required rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule;

(6) filtering and washing the obtained reactants respectively with petroleum ether and isopropanol for 3 times, and drying in a constant-temperature drying oven at 50 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutritional agent microcapsule.

The prepared microcapsule is tested and analyzed by adopting the conventional method in the prior art, and the microcapsule prepared under the process condition is round and uniform in size, the particle size is between several microns and dozens of microns, the embedding rate is 42.60 percent, and the drug-loading rate is 24.69 percent.

Example 4 preparation of microcapsules of nutrient for recovery from dead bark of rubber tree

The rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule is prepared according to the following steps:

(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution: accurately weighing 5g of sodium alginate, adding 100ml of water for dissolving, preparing to obtain 5.0% sodium alginate solution, controlling the rotation speed at 60 ℃ to be 800rpm/min, uniformly stirring, and adjusting the pH value to 3 for later use;

(2) preparing a chitosan solution: accurately weighing 2g of chitosan, preparing 50ml of chitosan acetic acid solution with the mass concentration of 4.0% (the acetic acid content is 4 wt%), then adding 8g of the nutrient for rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation, and uniformly stirring and mixing at the controlled rotating speed of 800rpm/min at 60 ℃, wherein the nutrient for rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1: 1: 1, fully dissolving ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, zinc sulfate, borax, sodium thiosulfate, sodium caprylate and potassium nitrate, and adjusting the pH value of the reaction solution to 3;

(3) adding an oil agent and an emulsifier: adding 120ml of liquid paraffin into a three-neck flask, slowly dropwise adding 5ml of span-80, and performing high-speed emulsification at 60 ℃ for 10 min; then slowly dripping 100ml of the sodium alginate solution prepared in the step (1) into a three-neck flask, finishing the addition in about 50 minutes, and then controlling the rotating speed to be 800rpm/min and continuing stirring for 10 min;

(4) continuously dropwise adding 50ml of the chitosan acetic acid solution prepared in the step (2) into the three-neck flask, controlling the adding to be finished within about 25 minutes, and continuously curing for 10 min;

(5) continuously dropwise adding 80ml of glutaraldehyde (prepared into a solution with the mass concentration of 20%) into the three-neck flask, and carrying out addition curing reaction for 120 minutes to obtain the required rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule;

(6) filtering and washing the obtained reactants respectively with petroleum ether and isopropanol for 3 times, and drying in a constant-temperature drying oven at 50 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutritional agent microcapsule.

Example 5 preparation of microcapsules of nutrient for rehabilitation of dead bark of rubber tree

The rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule is prepared according to the following steps:

(1) preparing a sodium alginate solution: accurately weighing 4g of sodium alginate, adding 100ml of water for dissolving, preparing to obtain 4.0% sodium alginate solution, controlling the rotation speed at 50 ℃ to be 800rpm/min, uniformly stirring, and adjusting the pH value to 4 for later use;

(2) preparing a chitosan solution: accurately weighing 2.5g of chitosan, preparing 50ml of chitosan acetic acid solution with the mass concentration of 5.0% (the acetic acid content is 3 wt%), then adding 6g of rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient, uniformly stirring at 50 ℃ at a controlled rotating speed of 800rpm/min, wherein the rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient comprises at least one of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, zinc sulfate, borax, sodium thiosulfate, sodium caprylate and potassium nitrate, and adjusting the pH value of the reaction solution to 4 after full dissolution;

(3) adding an oil agent and an emulsifier: adding 80ml of liquid paraffin into a three-neck flask, slowly dropwise adding 1ml of span-80, and performing high-speed emulsification at 50 ℃ for 10 min; then slowly dripping 100ml of the sodium alginate solution prepared in the step (1) into a three-neck flask, finishing the addition in about 50 minutes, and then controlling the rotating speed to be 800rpm/min and continuing stirring for 10 min;

(4) continuously dropwise adding 50ml of the chitosan acetic acid solution prepared in the step (2) into the three-neck flask, controlling the adding to be finished within about 25 minutes, and continuously curing for 10 min;

(5) continuously dropwise adding 5ml of glutaraldehyde (prepared into a solution with the mass concentration of 5%) into the three-neck flask, and carrying out addition curing reaction for 120 minutes to obtain the required rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule;

(6) filtering and washing the obtained reactants respectively with petroleum ether and isopropanol for 3 times, and drying in a constant-temperature drying oven at 50 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutritional agent microcapsule.

Examples of the experiments

In order to further verify the application effect of the nutrient microcapsule for recovering the dead bark of the rubber trees, the following effect test is carried out.

Test example 1

The test varieties are as follows: heat grinding for 7-33-97 years, and cutting age for 17 years.

The method comprises the following steps: in the test, 6 treatment samples are arranged and are repeated for 3 times, namely 18 cells are arranged, 10 dead skin plants with basically consistent sizes and 1-3 grades of dead skin are taken from each cell, and all cells are randomly arranged; the specific treatment method is as follows:

processing one: embedding the first capsule prepared in example 1 by a trunk punching method;

and (5) processing: embedding the second capsule prepared in example 1 by a tree trunk punching method;

and (3) treatment III: embedding the third capsule prepared in example 1 by a tree trunk punching method;

and (4) treatment: punching and embedding 3g of nutrient medicine bags (1 part of each of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, zinc sulfate, borax, sodium thiosulfate, sodium caprylate and potassium nitrate) which are metered equally by a trunk;

and (5) processing: using a commercially available rubber tree dead skin control agent (applying commercially available xi wei Nutrient-Nutrient of rubber tree, HeveaNutri-the Nutrient for rubber trees, which is obtained from Malaysia and mainly contains N (9.96%), P (0.19%), K (1.48%) and other trace elements); the application method of the agent comprises applying the agent in the width range of 15cm above and below the secant for 5 months continuously after 7 days, based on no dripping of the agent;

and (5) processing: control, no treatment was done.

The method for punching and embedding the trunk specifically comprises the following steps: (1) vertically drilling a hole at the position of the dead bark tree waterline, which is 30cm away from the ground, by using an electric drill, wherein the hole diameter is 7mm, and the hole depth is 6 cm; (2) smearing 3% -5% acetic acid at the orifice, and removing after a small amount of overflowed latex is solidified; (3) 5g of rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule is led into the hole; (4) the orifice was closed with petrolatum mixed with a small amount of carbendazim.

The experiment was conducted with the first application in the first ten days of month 4 and the second application in the first 9 days of month.

And (3) test results: observing and investigating each test plant in 5 months in the second year of pesticide application, and calculating the dead bark recovery rate of each treated rubber tree;

the recovery rate of dead skin is (total dead skin length before drug administration-total dead skin length after drug administration)/total dead skin length before drug administration;

the recovery rate of the dead skin of each treated sample is calculated as follows: 65.32%% (treatment one), 74.64% (treatment two), 81.14% (treatment three), 48.76% (treatment four) and 52.63% (treatment five) and 22.34% (treatment six);

the latex yield of each treated individual plant is calculated as follows: 90ml (treatment one), 96ml (treatment two), 107ml (treatment three), 49ml (treatment four), 57ml (treatment five), 24ml (treatment six).

The test examples show that the nutrient for recovering the dead skin of the rubber trees prepared by the invention has good effect, is not only superior to the drug packages without microencapsulation but also obviously improved compared with the commercially available medicament for preventing and treating the dead skin of the rubber trees, wherein the best effect is the application effect of the treatment group III, namely the example 3.

Test example 2

The test varieties are: RIIM600, cut age 20 years.

The method comprises the following steps: the experiment is designed with 6 treatments, 3 times of repetition and 18 cells, 10 dead skin plants in each cell are basically consistent in size and have a dead skin grade of 1-3, all the cells are randomly arranged, and the specific treatment mode is as follows:

processing one: embedding the first capsule prepared in example 1 by a trunk punching method;

and (5) processing: embedding the second capsule prepared in example 1 by a tree trunk punching method;

and (3) treatment III: embedding the third capsule prepared in example 1 by a tree trunk punching method;

and (4) treatment: punching and embedding a trunk with 3g of equal metering medicine bags (1 part each of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, zinc sulfate, borax, sodium thiosulfate, sodium caprylate and potassium nitrate);

and (5) processing: the rubber tree dead skin prevention and control agent is commercially available (commercially available xi wei Nutrient-Nutrient of rubber tree, HeveaNutri-the Nutrient for rubber trees are applied), the product is from Malaysia, and the main components of the agent are N (9.96%), P (0.19%), K (1.48%) and other trace elements, the agent is applied in a using method that the agent is applied in a width range of 15cm above and below a cutting line, and is applied once in 7 days for 5 months continuously on the basis of no dropping of the agent;

and (5) processing: control, no treatment was done.

The method for punching and embedding the trunk specifically comprises the following steps: (1) vertically drilling a hole at the position of the dead bark tree waterline, which is 30cm away from the ground, by using an electric drill, wherein the hole diameter is 10mm, and the hole depth is 10 cm; (2) smearing 3% -5% acetic acid at the orifice, and removing when a small amount of overflowed latex is solidified; (3) 5g of rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule is led into the hole; (4) the orifice was closed with petrolatum mixed with a small amount of carbendazim.

The experiment was applied first in the first of 4 months and second in the first of 9 months.

And (3) test results: observing and investigating each test plant in the 5 th last ten days of the second year after treatment, and calculating the recovery rate of the dead bark of each treated rubber tree as follows: 58.87%% (treatment one), 60.99% (treatment two), 68.31% (treatment three), 39.78% (treatment four) and 42.34% (treatment five) and 19.34% (treatment six);

the latex yield of each treated individual plant is calculated as follows: 77ml (treatment one), 84ml (treatment two), 95ml (treatment three), 36ml (treatment four), 42ml (treatment five), 21ml (treatment six).

The test examples show that the nutrient for recovering the dead skin of the rubber trees prepared by the invention has good effect, is not only superior to the drug packages without microencapsulation, but also obviously improved compared with the commercially available medicament for preventing and treating the dead skin of the rubber trees, wherein the application effect of the treatment group III, namely the example 3, is the best, and the test example is basically consistent with the result of the test example 1, so that the microcapsule for recovering the dead skin of the rubber trees has good effect.

In conclusion, the microcapsule of the nutrient for recovering the dead skin of the rubber trees can improve the symptoms of rubber discharge of the secant, obviously increase the yield of latex, is superior to the existing known products sold on the market, proves that the invention obtains a brand-new nutrient for recovering the dead skin of the rubber trees, the comprehensive performance of which is obviously improved, and has wide application prospect.

It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. The composition is used for preparing an embedded type rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule for preventing and treating rubber tree dead skin based on a trunk xylem embedding technology, and is characterized in that the microcapsule comprises a rehabilitation nutrient and a capsule wall material coated outside the rehabilitation nutrient; the capsule wall material is of a mononuclear structure formed by crosslinking chitosan, sodium alginate and glutaraldehyde, and the rehabilitation nutrient comprises trace elements required by the recovery of dead bark of the rubber tree and endogenous hormone regulation substances thereof;

the composition comprises: 0.5-5 parts of sodium alginate, 0.25-2.5 parts of chitosan, 5-80 parts of glutaraldehyde, 80-120 parts of oil agent, 1-5 parts of emulsifier and 1-8 parts of rehabilitation nutrient; the relation between the parts by weight and the parts by volume is g/mL;

the preparation method of the nutrient microcapsule for the recovery of dead bark of the rubber trees comprises the following steps:

(1) adding water into a selected amount of sodium alginate, and mixing uniformly to obtain a sodium alginate solution for later use;

(2) preparing a selected amount of chitosan to obtain a chitosan acetic acid solution, adding a selected amount of the rehabilitation nutrient, and uniformly mixing for later use;

(3) uniformly mixing a selected amount of the oil agent and the emulsifier, emulsifying, and then adding the prepared sodium alginate solution for uniformly mixing;

(4) adding the chitosan acetic acid solution into the emulsion obtained in the step (3), uniformly mixing, and carrying out curing treatment;

(5) adding a selected amount of glutaraldehyde into the reaction solution solidified in the step (4) for reaction to obtain the required microcapsule of the nutrient for recovering the dead bark of the rubber tree;

the oil agent comprises liquid paraffin; the emulsifier comprises span 80.

2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the rehabilitative nutritional agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, zinc sulfate, borax, sodium thiosulfate, sodium caprylate, and ammonium nitrate.

3. The use as claimed in any one of claims 1-2, wherein in step (1), the mass concentration of the sodium alginate solution is adjusted to 0.5-5wt%, and the pH of the sodium alginate solution is adjusted to 2-5.

4. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein in the step (2), the mass concentration of the chitosan acetic acid solution is adjusted to 0.5 to 5wt%, the acetic acid content is controlled to 0.5 to 4wt%, and the pH value of the chitosan acetic acid solution is adjusted to 2 to 5.

5. The use according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the use method of the microcapsule of the hevea brasiliensis dead skin rehabilitation nutrient comprises the following steps:

(a) vertically drilling a hole at the position 20-30cm away from the ground at the waterline position of the dead-skin rubber tree to be treated, wherein the hole diameter is controlled to be 5-15mm, and the hole depth is controlled to be 5-20 cm;

(b) smearing 3-5% acetic acid at the orifice, and removing when a small amount of overflow latex is solidified;

(c) and (3) introducing the rubber tree dead skin rehabilitation nutrient microcapsule into the drill hole, and sealing the hole opening by using vaseline mixed with a small amount of carbendazim.

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