CN109188091B - A Test Method for Nonlinear Characteristics of Soil Resistance at Different Moisture Contents - Google Patents
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于电力系统接地技术领域，具体涉及一种不同水分含量下土壤电阻非线性特性的试验方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of power system grounding, and particularly relates to a test method for nonlinear characteristics of soil resistance under different moisture contents.
背景技术Background technique
输电线路杆塔在遭受雷击时，因杆塔接地电阻的存在，塔身上会产生很高的电位，过高的电位将引起杆塔对输电线路的反击，进而造成输电线路跳闸等事故，降低了电力系统的稳定性以及可靠性。输电线路杆塔接地装置的主要功能是当塔顶或避雷线遭受雷击时，有效地将雷电流泄入大地，因此流过接地装置的电流主要是雷电冲击电流。由于雷电流幅值较大，易使接地体周围土壤发生局部击穿，增大了土壤电导，使土壤电阻率下降，另外当土壤中因散流而产生的电场强度超过土壤的临界击穿场强时，接地体周围土壤中就会发生类似空气击穿一样的火花放电过程。土壤非线性特性有助于降低接地体上各点电位及接地体各点之间的电位差，对于降低输电线路杆塔塔顶电位以及发、变电站接地网上的暂态电位升有较明显的效果。由此可见，输配电杆塔接地装置雷电冲击特性的研究对智能电网中建立先进可靠的输配电网络和供电系统，完善电网安全保障和防御体系具有重要意义。When the transmission line tower is struck by lightning, a high potential will be generated on the tower due to the existence of the grounding resistance of the tower. The excessive potential will cause the tower to counterattack on the transmission line, resulting in accidents such as transmission line tripping, reducing the power system. stability and reliability. The main function of the transmission line tower grounding device is to effectively leak the lightning current into the ground when the top of the tower or the lightning conductor is struck by lightning, so the current flowing through the grounding device is mainly the lightning impulse current. Due to the large amplitude of the lightning current, it is easy to cause local breakdown of the soil around the grounding body, which increases the soil conductance and reduces the soil resistivity. In addition, when the electric field strength generated by the scattered current in the soil exceeds the critical breakdown field of the soil When it is strong, a spark discharge process similar to air breakdown will occur in the soil around the grounding body. The nonlinear characteristics of soil help to reduce the potential of each point on the grounding body and the potential difference between each point of the grounding body. It can be seen that the research on the lightning impulse characteristics of the transmission and distribution tower grounding device is of great significance to the establishment of an advanced and reliable transmission and distribution network and power supply system in the smart grid, and to improve the power grid security and defense system.
由于输电线路杆塔接地极埋于土壤中，其冲击特性与接地体周围土壤的冲击特性密切相关。目前国内对土壤电阻非线性特性的研究，主要通过计算机仿真来模拟土壤电阻的非线性过程以及火花放电现象，而土壤在冲击电流下的电阻非线性特性受到很多因素的影响，比如：冲击电流幅值、土壤成分与结构、土壤密度、水分含量、温度、外界电场强度等，这些因素导致土壤在高频大冲击电流作用时其电阻非线性特性变得更加复杂，其中土壤水分含量往往很大程度影响土壤电阻非线性特性，对整个接地系统冲击暂态特性影响巨大。为了准确地分析土壤在冲击下的非线性情况，便于进一步地对接地系统冲击暂态特性进行分析，搭建了智能测控试验平台，来分析不同水分含量下土壤电阻非线性特性，用以评估输配电系统的安全性。提供了一种不同水分含量下土壤电阻非线性特性的试验方法，实现了对土壤电阻非线性特性的评估，为有效地设计接地装置提供理论支持。Since the grounding electrode of the transmission line tower is buried in the soil, its impact characteristics are closely related to the impact characteristics of the soil around the grounding body. At present, the research on the nonlinear characteristics of soil resistance in China mainly uses computer simulation to simulate the nonlinear process of soil resistance and the phenomenon of spark discharge. However, the nonlinear characteristics of soil resistance under impact current are affected by many factors, such as the amplitude of the impact current. value, soil composition and structure, soil density, moisture content, temperature, external electric field strength, etc. These factors lead to more complex resistance nonlinear characteristics of soil under the action of high frequency and large impulse current, among which the soil moisture content is often to a large extent. It affects the nonlinear characteristics of soil resistance and has a huge impact on the transient characteristics of the entire grounding system. In order to accurately analyze the nonlinear situation of soil under impact, and to further analyze the transient characteristics of the grounding system, an intelligent measurement and control test platform was built to analyze the nonlinear characteristics of soil resistance under different moisture contents to evaluate the transmission and distribution. safety of electrical systems. This paper provides a test method for the nonlinear characteristics of soil resistance under different moisture contents, realizes the evaluation of the nonlinear characteristics of soil resistance, and provides theoretical support for the effective design of grounding devices.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的是提供一种不同水分含量下土壤电阻非线性特性的试验方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a test method for the nonlinear characteristics of soil resistance under different moisture contents.
实现本发明目的的技术方案如下：The technical scheme that realizes the object of the present invention is as follows:
第一步：搭建不同水分含量下土壤电阻非线性特性的试验平台，试验平台包括土壤箱；土壤箱上面板设有一字槽螺钉；土壤箱上壁设置有滴灌装置；土壤箱左侧壁设置有左铜电极；土壤箱右侧壁设置有右铜电极；左铜电极和右铜电极均为竖直圆盘，且紧贴左右侧壁；土壤箱的左上部、右上部、左下部和右下部还分别设置有第一水分传感器、第二水分传感器、第三水分传感器和第四水分传感器，土壤箱以外的装置包括电缆接头、接地装置、冲击电流发生器、分压器、水分分析仪、数字控制器、电流采集模块、上位机、高压电缆、铜导线；The first step: build a test platform for the nonlinear characteristics of soil resistance under different moisture contents. The test platform includes a soil box; the upper panel of the soil box is provided with slotted screws; the upper wall of the soil box is provided with a drip irrigation device; the left side wall of the soil box is provided with a Left copper electrode; right copper electrode is arranged on the right side wall of soil box; left copper electrode and right copper electrode are vertical discs, and close to left and right side walls; upper left, upper right, lower left and lower right of soil box There are also a first moisture sensor, a second moisture sensor, a third moisture sensor and a fourth moisture sensor, and the devices other than the soil tank include cable joints, grounding devices, impulse current generators, voltage dividers, moisture analyzers, digital Controller, current acquisition module, host computer, high voltage cable, copper wire;
其中：第一水分传感器、第二水分传感器、第三水分传感器和第四水分传感器分别连接到水分分析仪的输入端，水分分析仪的输出端分别连接到数字控制器和上位机；数字控制器连接到滴灌装置；Wherein: the first moisture sensor, the second moisture sensor, the third moisture sensor and the fourth moisture sensor are respectively connected to the input end of the moisture analyzer, and the output end of the moisture analyzer is respectively connected to the digital controller and the upper computer; the digital controller Connect to drip irrigation device;
冲击电流发生器输出端连接到分压器的高压端，分压器的高压端通过高压电缆和电缆接头连接到左铜电极；右铜电极通过铜导线连接到冲击电流发生器的接地端，接地端连接到接地装置；分压器的接地端也连接到接地装置，分压器的通信端连接到上位机；电流采集模块通信端连接到上位机，电流采集模块测试端连接到铜导线；The output end of the impulse current generator is connected to the high voltage end of the voltage divider, and the high voltage end of the voltage divider is connected to the left copper electrode through the high voltage cable and the cable joint; the right copper electrode is connected to the ground end of the impulse current generator through the copper wire, which is grounded The terminal is connected to the grounding device; the grounding terminal of the voltage divider is also connected to the grounding device, and the communication terminal of the voltage divider is connected to the upper computer; the communication terminal of the current acquisition module is connected to the upper computer, and the test terminal of the current acquisition module is connected to the copper wire;
第二步：进行土壤填充以及含水量设定：拧松一字槽螺钉，打开土壤箱的上面板，填充土壤样品，使土壤充满整个土壤箱，之后盖住上面板；第一水分传感器、第二水分传感器、第三水分传感器和第四水分传感器将采集的信号传输给水分分析仪，水分分析仪计算出平均含水量，用以监测土壤箱内土壤样品的含水量；设定试验含水量为H％，若含水量超过设定含水量上限HH％，则通过数字控制器断开滴灌装置，若含水量低于设定含水量下限HL％，则通过数字控制器启动滴灌装置向土壤中均匀缓慢注入蒸馏水，使土壤箱中土壤样品的含水量在设定含水量H％的误差允许范围内；Step 2: Carry out soil filling and water content setting: Loosen the slotted screw, open the upper panel of the soil box, fill the soil sample, make the soil fill the entire soil box, and then cover the upper panel; The second moisture sensor, the third moisture sensor and the fourth moisture sensor transmit the collected signals to the moisture analyzer, and the moisture analyzer calculates the average moisture content to monitor the moisture content of the soil samples in the soil box; set the test moisture content as H%, if the water content exceeds the set water content upper limit H H %, the drip irrigation device will be disconnected through the digital controller; if the water content is lower than the set water content lower limit H L %, the drip irrigation device will be activated to the soil through the digital controller Distilled water is evenly and slowly injected into the soil box, so that the water content of the soil sample in the soil box is within the allowable range of the error of the set water content H%;
第三步：测量土壤样品在当前含水量H％时的电压与电流：开启冲击电流发生器，通过分压器测量左铜电极和右铜电极间的电压并传输给上位机，通过电流采集模块测量流经左铜电极和右铜电极的电流并传输给上位机；Step 3: Measure the voltage and current of the soil sample at the current water content H%: turn on the impulse current generator, measure the voltage between the left copper electrode and the right copper electrode through the voltage divider and transmit it to the host computer, through the current acquisition module Measure the current flowing through the left copper electrode and the right copper electrode and transmit it to the upper computer;
第四步：评估土壤电阻非线性特性：通过上位机得到的电压和电流，获取土壤电阻非线性特性全时域R(t)波形曲线，并提取出电阻最小值R(t)min、电阻最大值R(t)max、下降时间Δt1以及有效恢复时间Δt2，上位机根据全时域R(t)波形曲线与当前试验水分含量对土壤进行电阻非线性特性评估；Step 4: Evaluate the nonlinear characteristics of soil resistance: Obtain the full-time R(t) waveform curve of the nonlinear characteristics of soil resistance through the voltage and current obtained by the host computer, and extract the minimum resistance R(t) min and the maximum resistance. value R(t) max , falling time Δt 1 and effective recovery time Δt 2 , the upper computer evaluates the soil resistance nonlinearity according to the full time domain R(t) waveform curve and the current test moisture content;
计算土壤在冲击电流下的平均下降速率k:Calculate the average fall rate k of the soil under the impulse current:
式中，R(t)min为R(t)波形曲线中电阻最小值，R(t)max为R(t)波形曲线中电阻最大值，Δt1表示R(t)从最大值R(t)max下降到最小值R(t)min的时间间隔；In the formula, R(t) min is the minimum resistance value in the R(t) waveform curve, R(t) max is the maximum resistance value in the R(t) waveform curve, Δt 1 means that R(t) changes from the maximum value R(t) ) the time interval during which max falls to the minimum value R(t) min ;
计算R(t)min与k的复合评判因子q1：Calculate the composite evaluation factor q 1 of R(t) min and k:
计算R(t)min与Δt1的复合评判因子q2：Calculate the composite evaluation factor q 2 of R(t) min and Δt 1 :
近似计算最小曲率半径γ：Approximate the minimum radius of curvature γ:
其中，in,
式中，tm∈[ta+0.1,tb)，ta为R(t)max对应时刻，tb为R(t)min对应时刻，上式表示在R(t)波形曲线下降的时间段内，从ta+0.1时刻开始，每次间隔0.1μs，计算一次该时刻所对应的曲率半径，直到tm大于等于tb时结束，由此可计算出最小曲率半径γ。In the formula, t m ∈[t a +0.1,t b ), t a is the time corresponding to R(t) max , and t b is the time corresponding to R(t) min . In the time period, starting from the moment t a +0.1, every time the interval is 0.1μs, the radius of curvature corresponding to this moment is calculated once, and it ends when t m is greater than or equal to t b , from which the minimum radius of curvature γ can be calculated.
计算考虑H与最小曲率半径γ的修正系数k1：Calculate the correction factor k 1 considering H and the minimum radius of curvature γ:
式中，H为当前含水量H％的分子部分，γ为最小曲率半径；In the formula, H is the molecular part of the current water content H%, and γ is the minimum curvature radius;
计算评判余项q3：Calculate the judgment remainder q 3 :
q3＝0.01747log(0.368Δt1+0.473Δt2-41.68)q 3 =0.01747log(0.368Δt 1 +0.473Δt 2 -41.68)
-0.0343log(R(t)min+1.2075)-0.0343log(R(t) min +1.2075)
式中，Δt2表示R(t)从R(t)min上升至有效恢复电阻R(t)eff的时间；其中In the formula, Δt 2 represents the time for R(t) to rise from R(t) min to the effective recovery resistance R(t) eff ; where
R(t)eff＝R(t)min+0.8(R(t)max-R(t)min)，R(t)eff表示R(t)从电阻最小值R(t)min逐渐恢复，当恢复量为80％最大下降差值(R(t)max-R(t)min)时所对应的电阻值；R(t) eff =R(t) min +0.8(R(t) max -R(t) min ), R(t) eff means that R(t) gradually recovers from the minimum resistance value R(t) min , when The resistance value when the recovery amount is 80% of the maximum drop difference (R(t) max -R(t) min );
计算土壤在该冲击电流与水分含量下的土壤电阻非线性特性评判因数q：Calculate the soil resistance nonlinear characteristic evaluation factor q under the impulse current and moisture content:
q＝k1(q1+q2)+q3 q=k 1 (q 1 +q 2 )+q 3
当q∈(0,0.25]时，表征土壤电阻非线性特性较弱；当q∈(0.25,0.65]时，表征土壤电阻非线性特性一般；当q∈(0.65,0.9]时，表征土壤电阻非线性特性较强；当q∈(0.9,1]时，表征土壤电阻非线性特性极强。When q∈(0, 0.25], the nonlinear characteristic of soil resistance is weak; when q∈(0.25, 0.65], the nonlinear characteristic of soil resistance is general; when q∈(0.65, 0.9], it is characterized by soil resistance. The nonlinear characteristic is strong; when q∈(0.9,1], the nonlinear characteristic of soil resistance is extremely strong.
第五步：不同水分含量下土壤电阻非线性特性试验：设定不同试验含水量，在不同设定含水量下，按上述第三步和第四步反复试验，进行不同含水量下土壤电阻非线性特性评估。Step 5: Soil resistance nonlinear characteristic test under different water contents: Set different test water contents, and repeat the test according to the third and fourth steps above under different set water contents, and carry out the soil resistance non-linear characteristic test under different water contents. Linear characteristic evaluation.
本发明的有益效果在于，The beneficial effect of the present invention is that,
1)可以精确控制土壤水分含量稳定在试验设定值，保证了全时域电阻波形曲线与试验水分含量的精确对应，可准确评估土壤电阻非线性特性，有利于研究水分含量与土壤电阻非线性特性之间的关联性。1) It can accurately control the soil moisture content to be stable at the test set value, ensure the accurate correspondence between the full time domain resistance waveform curve and the test moisture content, and accurately evaluate the nonlinear characteristics of soil resistance, which is conducive to the study of moisture content and soil resistance nonlinearity. Correlations between features.
2)试验方法基于上位机获取的全时域电阻非线性特性波形，可准确表征电阻波形曲线变化规律，进而有效评估出该水分含量下土壤试品电阻的非线性特性。2) The test method is based on the full-time-domain resistance nonlinear characteristic waveform obtained by the host computer, which can accurately characterize the change law of the resistance waveform curve, and then effectively evaluate the nonlinear characteristics of the soil sample resistance under this moisture content.
3)本发明试验平台操作方便，安全可靠。3) The test platform of the present invention is easy to operate, safe and reliable.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明中试验平台的总体结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the test platform in the present invention;
图2是本发明中土壤箱的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of soil tank in the present invention;
图3是本发明中试验方法的流程图；Fig. 3 is the flow chart of test method in the present invention;
图4是土壤电阻非线性特性全时域R(t)波形图例。Figure 4 is an example of the full time domain R(t) waveform of the nonlinear characteristic of soil resistance.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明具体实施方式作进一步说明。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
本发明的试验方法包括如下步骤：The test method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
第一步：搭建不同水分含量下土壤电阻非线性特性的试验平台：Step 1: Build a test platform for the nonlinear characteristics of soil resistance under different moisture contents:
由图1、图2可知一种不同水分含量下土壤电阻非线性特性的试验平台，用于模拟不同水分含量下土壤电阻非线性特性，试验平台包括：土壤箱(06)；土壤箱(06)上面板设有一字槽螺钉(02)；土壤箱(06)上壁设置有滴灌装置(08)；土壤箱(06)左侧壁设置有左铜电极(05)；土壤箱(06)右侧壁设置有右铜电极(07)；左铜电极(05)和右铜电极(07)均为竖直圆盘，且紧贴左右侧壁；土壤箱的左上部、右上部、左下部和右下部还分别设置有第一水分传感器(01a)、第二水分传感器(01b)、第三水分传感器(01c)和第四水分传感器(01d)；土壤箱(06)以外的装置包括电缆接头(03)、接地装置(11)、冲击电流发生器(12)、分压器(13)、水分分析仪(14)、数字控制器(15)、电流采集模块(17)、上位机(18)、高压电缆(19)、铜导线(20)；It can be seen from Figure 1 and Figure 2 that a test platform for the nonlinear characteristics of soil resistance under different moisture contents is used to simulate the nonlinear characteristics of soil resistance under different moisture contents. The test platform includes: soil box (06); soil box (06) The upper panel is provided with a slot screw (02); the upper wall of the soil box (06) is provided with a drip irrigation device (08); the left side wall of the soil box (06) is provided with a left copper electrode (05); The wall is provided with a right copper electrode (07); the left copper electrode (05) and the right copper electrode (07) are vertical discs, and are close to the left and right side walls; the upper left, upper right, lower left and right sides of the soil box The lower part is also provided with a first moisture sensor (01a), a second moisture sensor (01b), a third moisture sensor (01c) and a fourth moisture sensor (01d); the devices other than the soil tank (06) include cable joints (03 ), grounding device (11), impulse current generator (12), voltage divider (13), moisture analyzer (14), digital controller (15), current acquisition module (17), host computer (18), High-voltage cables (19), copper wires (20);
其中：第一水分传感器(01a)、第二水分传感器(01b)、第三水分传感器(01c)和第四水分传感器(01d)分别连接到水分分析仪(14)的输入端，水分分析仪(14)的输出端分别连接到数字控制器(15)和上位机(18)；数字控制器(15)连接到滴灌装置(08)；Wherein: the first moisture sensor (01a), the second moisture sensor (01b), the third moisture sensor (01c) and the fourth moisture sensor (01d) are respectively connected to the input end of the moisture analyzer (14), and the moisture analyzer ( The output ends of 14) are respectively connected to the digital controller (15) and the upper computer (18); the digital controller (15) is connected to the drip irrigation device (08);
冲击电流发生器(12)输出端连接到分压器(13)的高压端，分压器(13)的高压端通过高压电缆(19)和电缆接头(03)连接到左铜电极(05)；右铜电极(07)通过铜导线(20)连接到冲击电流发生器(12)的接地端，接地端连接到接地装置(11)；分压器(13)的接地端也连接到接地装置(11)，分压器(13)的通信端连接到上位机(18)；电流采集模块(17)通信端连接到上位机(18)，电流采集模块(17)测试端连接到铜导线(20)；The output end of the impulse current generator (12) is connected to the high voltage end of the voltage divider (13), and the high voltage end of the voltage divider (13) is connected to the left copper electrode (05) through the high voltage cable (19) and the cable joint (03) The right copper electrode (07) is connected to the ground terminal of the impulse current generator (12) through the copper wire (20), and the ground terminal is connected to the grounding device (11); the grounding terminal of the voltage divider (13) is also connected to the grounding device (11), the communication end of the voltage divider (13) is connected to the host computer (18); the communication end of the current acquisition module (17) is connected to the host computer (18), and the test end of the current acquisition module (17) is connected to the copper wire ( 20);
第二步：进行土壤填充以及含水量设定：The second step: soil filling and water content setting:
拧下一字槽螺钉(02)，打开土壤箱(06)的上面板，填充土壤样品，使土壤充满整个土壤箱(06)，之后盖住上面板，拧紧一字槽螺钉(02)；第一水分传感器(01a)、第二水分传感器(01b)、第三水分传感器(01c)和第四水分传感器(01d)将采集的信号传输给水分分析仪(14)，水分分析仪(14)计算出平均含水量，水分含量试验允许误差为±0.5％，用以监测土壤箱(06)内土壤样品的含水量；设定试验含水量为H％，若含水量超过设定含水量上限HH％，则通过数字控制器(15)断开滴灌装置(08)，若含水量低于设定含水量下限HL％，则通过数字控制器(15)启动滴灌装置(08)向土壤中均匀缓慢注入蒸馏水，使土壤箱(06)中土壤样品的含水量在设定含水量H％的误差允许范围内；Unscrew the slotted screw (02), open the upper panel of the soil box (06), fill the soil sample, make the soil fill the entire soil box (06), then cover the upper panel and tighten the slotted screw (02); A moisture sensor (01a), a second moisture sensor (01b), a third moisture sensor (01c) and a fourth moisture sensor (01d) transmit the collected signals to a moisture analyzer (14), and the moisture analyzer (14) calculates The average water content is obtained, and the allowable error of the water content test is ±0.5%, which is used to monitor the water content of the soil samples in the soil box ( 06 ). %, then the drip irrigation device (08) is disconnected through the digital controller (15), and if the water content is lower than the set lower limit of water content H L %, the drip irrigation device (08) is started through the digital controller (15) to spread evenly into the soil Slowly inject distilled water, so that the water content of the soil sample in the soil box (06) is within the allowable range of error of the set water content H%;
第三步：测试土壤样品在当前含水量H％时的电压与电流：Step 3: Test the voltage and current of the soil sample at the current water content H%:
开启冲击电流发生器(12)，通过分压器(13)测量左铜电极(05)和右铜电极(07)间的电压并传输给上位机(18)；通过电流采集模块(17)测量流经左铜电极(05)和右铜电极(07)的电流并传输给上位机(18)；Turn on the impulse current generator (12), measure the voltage between the left copper electrode (05) and the right copper electrode (07) through the voltage divider (13) and transmit it to the upper computer (18); measure the voltage through the current acquisition module (17) The current flowing through the left copper electrode (05) and the right copper electrode (07) is transmitted to the upper computer (18);
第四步：评估土壤电阻非线性特性：Step 4: Evaluate the nonlinear characteristics of soil resistance:
通过上位机(18)得到的电压和电流，获取土壤电阻非线性特性全时域R(t)波形曲线，并提取出电阻最小值R(t)min、电阻最大值R(t)max、下降时间Δt1以及有效恢复时间Δt2，上位机(18)根据R(t)波形曲线与当前试验水分含量对土壤进行电阻非线性特性评估；Through the voltage and current obtained by the host computer (18), the full time domain R(t) waveform curve of the nonlinear characteristic of soil resistance is obtained, and the minimum resistance R(t) min , the maximum resistance R(t) max , the drop Time Δt 1 and effective recovery time Δt 2 , the upper computer (18) evaluates the resistance nonlinear characteristic of the soil according to the R(t) waveform curve and the current test moisture content;
计算土壤在冲击电流下的平均下降速率k:Calculate the average fall rate k of the soil under the impulse current:
式中，R(t)min(单位为Ω)为R(t)波形曲线中电阻最小值，R(t)max(单位为Ω)为R(t)波形曲线中电阻最大值，Δt1(单位为μs)表示R(t)从最大值R(t)max下降到最小值R(t)min的时间间隔。In the formula, R(t) min (unit is Ω) is the minimum resistance value in the R(t) waveform curve, R(t) max (unit is Ω) is the maximum resistance value in the R(t) waveform curve, Δt 1 ( The unit is μs) represents the time interval for R(t) to drop from the maximum value R(t) max to the minimum value R(t) min .
计算R(t)min与k的复合评判因子q1：Calculate the composite evaluation factor q 1 of R(t) min and k:
计算R(t)min与Δt1的复合评判因子q2：Calculate the composite evaluation factor q 2 of R(t) min and Δt 1 :
近似计算最小曲率半径γ：Approximate the minimum radius of curvature γ:
其中，in,
式中，tm∈[ta+0.1,tb)，ta(单位为μs)为R(t)max对应时刻，tb(单位为μs)为R(t)min对应时刻，上式表示在R(t)波形曲线下降的时间段内，从ta+0.1时刻开始，每次间隔0.1μs，计算一次该时刻所对应的曲率半径，直到tm大于等于tb时结束，由此可计算出最小曲率半径γ。In the formula, t m ∈[t a +0.1,t b ), t a (unit is μs) is the time corresponding to R(t) max , t b (unit is μs) is the time corresponding to R(t) min , the above formula It means that in the time period when the R(t) waveform curve falls, starting from the time t a +0.1, every time interval is 0.1 μs, the radius of curvature corresponding to this time is calculated once, and it ends when t m is greater than or equal to t b , thus The minimum radius of curvature γ can be calculated.
计算考虑H与最小曲率半径γ的修正系数k1：Calculate the correction factor k 1 considering H and the minimum radius of curvature γ:
式中，H为当前含水量H％的分子部分，γ为最小曲率半径；In the formula, H is the molecular part of the current water content H%, and γ is the minimum curvature radius;
计算评判余项q3：Calculate the judgment remainder q 3 :
q3＝0.01747log(0.368Δt1+0.473Δt2-41.68)q 3 =0.01747log(0.368Δt 1 +0.473Δt 2 -41.68)
-0.0343log(R(t)min+1.2075)-0.0343log(R(t) min +1.2075)
式中，Δt2(单位为μs)表示R(t)从R(t)min上升至有效恢复电阻R(t)eff的时间；其中R(t)eff＝R(t)min+0.8(R(t)max-R(t)min)，R(t)eff表示R(t)从电阻最小值R(t)min逐渐恢复，当恢复量为80％最大下降差值(R(t)max-R(t)min)时所对应的电阻值；In the formula, Δt 2 (unit is μs) represents the time that R(t) rises from R(t) min to the effective recovery resistance R(t) eff ; where R(t) eff =R(t) min +0.8(R (t) max -R(t) min ), R(t) eff means that R(t) gradually recovers from the minimum resistance value R(t) min , when the recovery amount is 80% of the maximum drop difference (R(t) max -R(t) min ) corresponding resistance value;
计算土壤在该冲击电流与水分含量下的土壤电阻非线性特性评判因数q：Calculate the soil resistance nonlinear characteristic evaluation factor q under the impulse current and moisture content:
q＝k1(q1+q2)+q3 q=k 1 (q 1 +q 2 )+q 3
当q∈(0,0.25]时，表征土壤电阻非线性特性较弱；当q∈(0.25,0.65]时，表征土壤电阻非线性特性一般；当q∈(0.65,0.9]时，表征土壤电阻非线性特性较强；当q∈(0.9,1]时，表征土壤电阻非线性特性极强。When q∈(0, 0.25], the nonlinear characteristic of soil resistance is weak; when q∈(0.25, 0.65], the nonlinear characteristic of soil resistance is general; when q∈(0.65, 0.9], it is characterized by soil resistance. The nonlinear characteristic is strong; when q∈(0.9,1], the nonlinear characteristic of soil resistance is extremely strong.
第五步：不同水分含量下土壤电阻非线性特性试验：设定不同试验含水量，进行不同含水量下土壤电阻非线性特性评估。如要测试三种不同含水量下土壤电阻非线性特性，三种设定含水量分别为H1％、H2％、H3％，设定含水量为H1％时，进行含水量设定后，按上述第三步、第四步进行含水量为H1％的土壤电阻非线性特性试验，待含水量H1％测试结束后，间隔一段时间后，再分别进行含水量为H2％、H3％的土壤电阻非线性特性试验。Step 5: Soil resistance nonlinear characteristics test under different water contents: Set different test water contents, and evaluate the soil resistance nonlinear characteristics under different water contents. To test the nonlinear characteristics of soil resistance under three different water contents, the three set water contents are H 1 %, H 2 %, and H 3 % respectively. Then, according to the third and fourth steps above, carry out the soil resistance nonlinear characteristic test with a water content of H 1 %. After the test of the water content of H 1 % is completed, after a period of time, carry out a water content of H 2 %. , H 3 % soil resistance nonlinear characteristic test.
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