CN109188088A - A kind of vertical demixing electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic test method - Google Patents
A kind of vertical demixing electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of vertical demixing electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic test method, the soil chamber interior wall of test platform are provided with temperature control device, and left and right side walls are provided with left copper electrode and right copper electrode；Impulse current generator output end is connected to the high-voltage end of divider, and the high-voltage end of divider is connected to left copper electrode；Right copper electrode is connected to the ground terminal of impulse current generator, and ground terminal is connected to earthing or grounding means；Current acquisition module is for measuring the electric current for flowing through left copper electrode and right copper electrode；Further include insulating barrier, when insulating barrier is inserted into soil case, soil case is divided into more than two spaces from bottom to up.Test method includes soil filling and set temperature, voltage and electric current of the measurement pedotheque in Current Temperatures and assesses electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic.The present invention can effective analogue ground system surrounding soil vertical demixing operating condition, and accurate evaluation is carried out to vertical demixing electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric system Analysis of Grounding field, especially a kind of vertical demixing electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic examination
Proved recipe method.
Background technique
Electric power line pole tower is when by being struck by lightning, and because of the presence of pole tower ground resistance, very high current potential can be generated on tower body,
Excessively high current potential will cause shaft tower to the counterattack of transmission line of electricity, in turn results in power transmission line short circuit, reduces the stability of electric system
And reliability.The major function of electric power line pole tower earthing or grounding means is when tower top or lightning conducter are by being struck by lightning, effectively by thunder
Electric current leaks into the earth, therefore the electric current for flowing through earthing or grounding means is mainly lightning impulse current.Since amplitude of lightning current is larger, easily make
Grounding body surrounding soil occur partial breakdown, increase soil conductivity, decline soil resistivity, in addition when in soil because of diffusing
And similar air breakdown in grounding body surrounding soil will occur when being more than the critical breakdown strength of soil for the electric field strength generated
The same spark discharge process.Soil spark discharge can be substantially reduced the electricity on grounding body between each point current potential and grounding body each point
Potential difference has significantly for reducing the transient state potential rise in electric power line pole tower tower top current potential and power plants and station grounded screen
Effect.It can be seen that the research of power transmission and distribution tower grounding device Lightning Characteristic is advanced reliable to establishing in smart grid
Transmission and distribution networks and power supply system, improve power grid security guarantee and defense system is of great significance.
Since electric power line pole tower earthing pole is embedded in soil, the impact characteristics of impact characteristics and grounding body surrounding soil
It is closely related.The domestic research to electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic at present, mainly simulates the electricity of soil by Computer Simulation
Hinder nonlinear characteristic process and Spark Discharges, and non-linear resistance characteristic of the soil under dash current by it is many because
The influence of element, such as: dash current amplitude, soil constituent and structure, soil density, water content, temperature, external electrical field intensity
Soil its impact characteristics in the effect of high frequency large inrush current are caused to become more complicated Deng, these factors, so soil when emulation
Earth non-linear resistance characteristic is difficult to accurately simulate.Therefore in order to accurately analyze electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic, there is an urgent need to build
A kind of intelligent measuring and control device is found, can consider that temperature and soil vertical layering influence, there is vertical stratified soil electricity under different temperatures
Hinder the test and analysis of nonlinear characteristic, the security evaluation to electrical power trans mission/distribution system.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of vertical demixing electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic test methods.
Realize that the technical solution of the object of the invention is as follows, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: building a kind of vertical demixing electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic test platform, including soil case；Soil case
Inner wall is provided with temperature control device；Soil case left side wall is provided with left copper electrode, and the manipulation of the left copper electrode transverse shifting of control
Mechanism；Soil case right side wall is additionally provided with right copper electrode；Left copper electrode and right copper electrode are vertical circle；The upper left of soil case
Portion, upper right quarter, lower left quarter and right lower quadrant are also respectively provided with the first temperature sensor, second temperature sensor, third temperature and pass
Sensor and the 4th temperature sensor, further include impulse current generator and divider；
Wherein: the first temperature sensor, second temperature sensor, third temperature sensor and the 4th temperature sensor difference
It is connected to the input terminal of temperature analysis instrument, the output end of temperature analysis instrument is connected respectively to digitial controller and host computer；Number
Controller is connected to temperature control device；
Impulse current generator output end is connected to the high-voltage end of divider, the high-voltage end of divider by high-tension cable and
Cable connector is connected to left copper electrode；Right copper electrode is wired to the ground terminal of impulse current generator, and ground terminal connects
It is connected to earthing or grounding means；The ground terminal of divider is connected to earthing or grounding means, and the voltage measuring terminal of divider is connected to host computer；Electric current
Acquisition module communication ends are connected to host computer, and current acquisition module test lead is connected to conducting wire；
It further include more than one insulating barrier, insulating barrier can be horizontally inserted into or extract out soil case；When insulating barrier is inserted into
When soil case, soil case is divided into more than two spaces from bottom to up.
Step 2: carrying out soil filling and set temperature: opening the left panel of soil case, controlled by operating mechanism left
The spacing of copper electrode and right copper electrode；According to the thickness ratio of soil to be tested, soil case is layered with insulating barrier, after layering according to
Secondary filling soil sample；Insulating barrier is removed, pedotheque is made to fit together；Cover left panel；Pass through the first temperature sensing
Device, second temperature sensor, third temperature sensor and the 4th monitors temperature；Test temperature is set as T, if surveying
Amount temperature is more than that error allows upper limit Tmax, then the cooling mode of digitial controller enabling temperature control device cools down；If temperature is low
Allow lower limit T in errormin, then the heating mode of digitial controller enabling temperature control device heats up；Control soil in soil case
The temperature of sample is in test temperature T allowable range of error；
Step 3: voltage and electric current of the measurement pedotheque in Current Temperatures T1: when pedotheque measurement temperature is stablized
When in test temperature T allowable range of error, opening impact current feedback circuit measures left copper electrode and right copper electricity by divider
The voltage of interpolar is simultaneously transferred to host computer, and the electric current and biography of left copper electrode and right copper electrode are flowed through by current acquisition module measurement
It is defeated by host computer；
Step 4: assessment electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic: the voltage and current obtained by host computer obtains impulse resistance
Full-time domain R (t) wavy curve, and extract R (t)min, R (t)max, fall time Δ t1And effective recovery time Δ t2, calculate
Average fall off rate k of the soil under dash current,
In formula, R (t)minFor resistance minimum value in R (t) wavy curve, R (t)maxIt is maximum for resistance in R (t) wavy curve
Value, t1Indicate R (t) from maximum value R (t)maxDrop to minimum value R (t)minTime interval；
It calculates R (t)minWith the compound evaluation factors q of k1:
It calculates R (t)minWith t1Compound evaluation factors q2:
Approximate calculation minimum profile curvature radius γ:
Wherein,
In formula, tm∈[ta+1,tb), taFor R (t)maxCorresponding moment, tbFor R (t)minCorresponding moment, above formula indicate to calculate R
(t) wavy curve is within the period of decline, from ta+ 1 moment, every 0.1 μ s of minor tick calculate the radius of curvature at each moment,
Thus wherein the smallest radius of curvature can be calculated；
The correction factor k for considering temperature and minimum profile curvature radius is calculated by minimum profile curvature radius1:
In formula, T is current test temperature；
It calculates and judges remainder:
In formula, t2Indicate R (t) from R (t)minIt rises to and effectively restores resistance R (t)effTime；Wherein
R(t)eff=R (t)min+0.8(R(t)max-R(t)min),R(t)effIndicate R (t) from resistance minimum value R (t)minBy
Gradually restore, when amount of recovery is 80% maximum decline difference (R (t)max-R(t)min) when corresponding resistance value；
In summary calculate, soil the dash current at a temperature of soil nonlinear characteristic judge factor are as follows:
Q=k1(q1+q2)+q3
When q ∈ (0,0.25] when, characterization non-linear resistance characteristic it is weaker；When q ∈ (0.25,0.65] when, characterization resistance it is non-
Linear characteristic is general；When q ∈ (0.65,0.9] when, characterization non-linear resistance characteristic it is stronger；When q ∈ (0.9,1] when, characterize resistance
Nonlinear characteristic is extremely strong.
Step 5: the electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic under different temperatures is tested: according to test requirements document, different temperatures is set,
And third step and the 4th step are repeated, carry out vertical stratified soil non-linear resistance characteristic evaluation under different temperatures.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are,
1) vertical demixing is carried out to soil, and measures the non-linear resistance characteristic of vertical demixing soil, can effectively simulated and connect
Ground system surrounding soil vertical demixing operating condition；
2) can effectively obtain the full-time domain variation wavy curve of vertical stratified soil resistance under dash current effect, judge because
Several uses can carry out accurate evaluation to vertical demixing electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic；
3) main operation is completed with control by host computer, realizes vertical demixing soil in conjunction with digitial controller and temperature control device
The accurate control of earth temperature can effectively measure vertical stratified soil non-linear resistance characteristic under different temperatures；
4) experimental provision is easy to operate, securely and reliably, has universality to the test of vertical multi-layer soil.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is general structure schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of soil case of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of test method in invention；
Fig. 4 is to reflect the full-time domain variation waveform legend of the impulse resistance of soil dynamic resistance characteristic.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawing.The following steps are included:
Step 1: building a kind of vertical demixing electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic test platform
Such as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, test platform of the invention includes: soil case (06)；The inner wall of soil case (06) is provided with temperature control
Device (08)；Soil case (06) left side wall is provided with left copper electrode (05), and the behaviour of left copper electrode (05) transverse shifting of control
Vertical mechanism (04)；Soil case (06) right side wall is additionally provided with right copper electrode (07)；Left copper electrode (05) and right copper electrode (07) are equal
For vertical disk；Upper left quarter, upper right quarter, lower left quarter and the right lower quadrant of soil case are also respectively provided with the first temperature sensor
(01a), second temperature sensor (01b), third temperature sensor (01c) and the 4th temperature sensor (01d) further include impact
Current feedback circuit (12) and divider (13).
Wherein: the first temperature sensor (01a), second temperature sensor (01b), third temperature sensor (01c) and
Four temperature sensors (01d) are connected respectively to the input terminal of temperature analysis instrument (14), the output end difference of temperature analysis instrument (14)
It is connected to digitial controller (15) and host computer (18)；Digitial controller (15) is connected to temperature control device (08)；Dash current hair
Raw device (12) output end is connected to the high-voltage end of divider (13), and the high-voltage end of divider (13) passes through high-tension cable (19) and electricity
Cable joint (03) is connected to left copper electrode (05)；Right copper electrode (07) is connected to impulse current generator (12) by conducting wire (20)
Ground terminal, ground terminal is connected to earthing or grounding means (11)；The ground terminal of divider (13) is connected to earthing or grounding means (11), divider
(13) voltage measuring terminal is connected to host computer (18)；Current acquisition module (17) communication ends are connected to host computer (18), electric current
Acquisition module (17) test lead is connected to conducting wire (20)；It further include more than one insulating barrier (09), insulating barrier (09) can water
It is flat to be inserted or pulled out soil case (06)；When insulating barrier (09) is inserted into soil case (06), soil case (06) is divided from bottom to up
More than two spaces are segmented into, hierarchy number is the limited hierarchy number of practical soil, and such as practical soil is divided into 3 layers, and each layer is
Limited thickness, then the thickness of soil is than available, insulating barrier (09) along perpendicular to electrode surface direction by soil case (06)
Middle soil is separated according to thickness ratio, after filling soil sample, insulating barrier (09) is extracted out, and paste every layer of soil closely
It closes.
Step 2: carrying out soil filling and temperature setting
The upper surface of soil case (06) plate is opened, left copper electrode (05) and right copper electrode (07) are controlled by operating mechanism (04)
Spacing；According to the thickness ratio of soil to be tested, soil case (06) is layered using insulating barrier (09), is sequentially filled after layering
Pedotheque；Insulating barrier (09) is removed, pedotheque is made to fit together.
If it exists a certain Soils In The Region be vertical demixing situation, first layer soil with a thickness of 7m, soil resistivity is
200 Ω m, second layer soil with a thickness of 20m, soil resistivity is 1000 Ω m, third layer soil with a thickness of 39m, soil
Earth resistivity is 500 Ω m, is the soil region of infinite thickness other than third layer soil；Then vertical demixing thickness ratio is 7:20:
39, if the distance of tank wall up and down of soil case is s, then its distance is divided according to this thickness ratio, with insulating barrier (09) point
Layer, is put into pedotheque, each layer of soil resistivity of pedotheque is identical as the resistivity of practical soil horizon.
Cover left panel；Pass through the first temperature sensor (01a), second temperature sensor (01b), third temperature sensor
(01c) and the 4th temperature sensor (01d) monitoring temperature；Test temperature is set as T1, temperature analysis instrument meter calculates four sensings
Device measures temperature averages, and humid test allowable error is positive and negative ± 0.5 DEG C, if then temperature averages are more than that error allows the upper limit
Tmax, then the cooling mode of digitial controller (15) enabling temperature control device (08) cools down；If temperature averages are permitted lower than error
Perhaps lower limit Tmin, then the heating mode of digitial controller (15) enabling temperature control device (08) heats up；It controls in soil case (06)
The temperature of pedotheque (T in test temperature T1 allowable range of errormin~Tmax)。
Step 3: voltage and electric current of the measurement pedotheque in Current Temperatures T1
When pedotheque measurement temperature is stablized in test temperature T1 allowable range of error, opening impact current feedback circuit
(12), the voltage between left copper electrode (05) and right copper electrode (07) is measured by divider (13) and be transferred to host computer (18),
The electric current of conducting wire (20) is flowed through by current acquisition module (17) measurement and is transferred to host computer (18).
Step 4: assessment electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic
The voltage and current obtained by host computer obtains full-time domain R (t) wavy curve of impulse resistance, and extracts electricity
It hinders minimum value R (t)min(unit Ω), resistance maximum value R (t)max(unit Ω), fall time Δ t1(measurement unit μ
S) and effectively recovery time Δ t2(measurement unit is μ s), calculates average fall off rate k of the soil under dash current:
In formula, R (t)minFor resistance minimum value in R (t) wavy curve, R (t)maxIt is maximum for resistance in R (t) wavy curve
Value, Δ t1Indicate R (t) from maximum value R (t)maxDrop to minimum value R (t)minTime interval；
It calculates R (t)minWith the compound evaluation factors q of k1:
It calculates R (t)minWith t1Compound evaluation factors q2:
Approximate calculation minimum profile curvature radius γ:
Wherein,
In formula, tm∈[ta+1,tb), taFor R (t)maxCorresponding moment, tbFor R (t)minCorresponding moment, above formula indicate to calculate R
(t) wavy curve is within the period of decline, from ta+ 1 moment, every 0.1 μ s of minor tick calculate the radius of curvature at each moment,
Thus wherein the smallest radius of curvature can be calculated；
The correction factor k for considering temperature and minimum profile curvature radius is calculated by minimum profile curvature radius1:
It calculates and judges remainder:
In formula, t2Indicate R (t) from R (t)minIt rises to and effectively restores resistance R (t)effTime；Wherein
R(t)eff=R (t)min+0.8(R(t)max-R(t)min),R(t)effIndicate R (t) from resistance minimum value R (t)minBy
Gradually restore, when amount of recovery is 80% maximum decline difference (R (t)max-R(t)min) when corresponding resistance value；
In summary calculate, soil the dash current at a temperature of non-linear resistance characteristic judge factor are as follows:
Q=k1(q1+q2)+q3
When q ∈ (0,0.25] when, characterization non-linear resistance characteristic it is weaker；When q ∈ (0.25,0.65] when, characterization resistance it is non-
Linear characteristic is general；When q ∈ (0.65,0.9] when, characterization non-linear resistance characteristic it is stronger；When q ∈ (0.9,1] when, characterize resistance
Nonlinear characteristic is extremely strong.
Step 5: the electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic under different temperatures is tested
According to test requirements document, different temperatures is set, repeats to test, it is non-thread to carry out vertical stratified soil resistance under different temperatures
Property attribute testing.Such as also need vertical stratified soil non-linear resistance characteristic under test T2, T3, then after T1 is tested, interval
After a period of time, the set temperature of set temperature analyzer (14) is T2, repeats the 3rd the 4th step, tests the soil at a temperature of T2
Non-linear resistance characteristic after certain interval of time, tests the electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic at a temperature of T3.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of vertical demixing electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic test method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: building vertical demixing electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic test platform, including soil case (06)；Soil case (06)
Inner wall is provided with temperature control device (08)；Soil case (06) left side wall is provided with left copper electrode (05), and the left copper electrode of control
(05) operating mechanism (04) of transverse shifting；Soil case (06) right side wall is additionally provided with right copper electrode (07)；Left copper electrode (05)
It is vertical circle with right copper electrode (07)；Upper left quarter, upper right quarter, lower left quarter and the right lower quadrant of soil case are also respectively provided with
One temperature sensor (01a), second temperature sensor (01b), third temperature sensor (01c) and the 4th temperature sensor
(01d) further includes impulse current generator (12) and divider (13)；
Wherein: the first temperature sensor (01a), second temperature sensor (01b), third temperature sensor (01c) and the 4th temperature
Degree sensor (01d) is connected respectively to the input terminal of temperature analysis instrument (14), and the output end of temperature analysis instrument (14) is separately connected
To digitial controller (15) and host computer (18)；Digitial controller (15) is connected to temperature control device (08)；Impulse current generator
(12) output end is connected to the high-voltage end of divider (13), and the high-voltage end of divider (13) is connect by high-tension cable (19) and cable
Head (03) is connected to left copper electrode (05)；Right copper electrode (07) is connected to connecing for impulse current generator (12) by conducting wire (20)
Ground terminal, ground terminal are connected to earthing or grounding means (11)；The ground terminal of divider (13) is grounded, and voltage measuring terminal is connected to host computer
(18)；Current acquisition module (17) communication ends are connected to host computer (18), and current acquisition module (17) test lead is connected to conducting wire
(20), for measuring the electric current for flowing through left copper electrode (05) and right copper electrode (07)；It further include more than one insulating barrier (09),
Insulating barrier (09) can be horizontally inserted into or extract out soil case (06)；When insulating barrier (09) is inserted into soil case (06), by soil
Case (06) is divided into more than two spaces from bottom to up；
Step 2: carrying out soil filling and temperature setting: opening the left panel of soil case (06), controlled by operating mechanism (04)
Make the spacing of left copper electrode (05) Yu right copper electrode (07)；It, will be native with insulating barrier (09) according to the thickness ratio of soil to be tested
Filling soil sample after earth case (06) layering；Insulating barrier (09) is removed, pedotheque is made to fit together；Cover left panel；
Pass through the first temperature sensor (01a), second temperature sensor (01b), third temperature sensor (01c) and the 4th temperature sensing
Device (01d) monitoring temperature；Test temperature is set as T, if measurement temperature is more than that error allows upper limit Tmax, then digitial controller
(15) cooling mode for enabling temperature control device (08) cools down；If temperature allows lower limit T lower than errormin, then digitial controller
(15) heating mode for enabling temperature control device (08) heats up；The temperature of pedotheque in soil case (06) is controlled in test temperature
It spends in T allowable range of error；
Step 3: voltage and electric current of the measurement pedotheque in Current Temperatures T: when pedotheque measurement temperature stabilization is being tested
When in temperature T allowable range of error, opening impact current feedback circuit (12), by divider (13) measure left copper electrode (05) and
Voltage between right copper electrode (07) is simultaneously transferred to host computer (18), flows through conducting wire (20) by current acquisition module (17) measurement
Electric current is simultaneously transferred to host computer (18)；
Step 4: assessment electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic: it is full-time to obtain impulse resistance for the voltage and current obtained by host computer
Domain R (t) wavy curve, and extract R (t)min, R (t)max, fall time Δ t1And effective recovery time Δ t2, calculate soil
Average fall off rate k under dash current,
In formula, R (t)minFor resistance minimum value in R (t) wavy curve, R (t)maxFor resistance maximum value in R (t) wavy curve, Δ
t1Indicate R (t) from maximum value R (t)maxDrop to minimum value R (t)minTime interval；
It calculates R (t)minWith the compound evaluation factors q of k1:
It calculates R (t)minWith Δ t1Compound evaluation factors q2:
Approximate calculation minimum profile curvature radius γ:
Wherein,
In formula, tm∈[ta+1,tb), taFor R (t)maxCorresponding moment, tbFor R (t)minCorresponding moment, above formula indicate to calculate R (t) wave
Shape curve is within the period of decline, from ta+ 1 moment, every 0.1 μ s of minor tick calculate the radius of curvature at each moment, thus may be used
Calculate wherein the smallest radius of curvature；
The correction factor k for considering temperature and minimum profile curvature radius is calculated by minimum profile curvature radius1:
In formula, T is current test temperature；
It calculates and judges remainder:
q3=0.03258log (0.26 Δ t1+0.625Δt2-41.3)
-0.0953log(R(t)min+1.38)
In formula, t2Indicate R (t) from R (t)minIt rises to and effectively restores resistance R (t)effTime；Wherein
R(t)eff=R (t)min+0.8(R(t)max-R(t)min),R(t)effIndicate R (t) from resistance minimum value R (t)minIt is gradually extensive
It is multiple, when amount of recovery is 80% maximum decline difference (R (t)max-R(t)min) when corresponding resistance value；
In summary calculate, soil the dash current at a temperature of soil nonlinear characteristic judge factor are as follows:
Q=k1(q1+q2)+q3
When q ∈ (0,0.25] when, characterization non-linear resistance characteristic it is weaker；When q ∈ (0.25,0.65] when, characterize non-linear resistance
Characteristic is general；When q ∈ (0.65,0.9] when, characterization non-linear resistance characteristic it is stronger；When q ∈ (0.9,1] when, characterization resistance it is non-thread
Property characteristic is extremely strong；
Step 5: the electric resistance of soil nonlinear characteristic under different temperatures is tested: according to test requirements document, different temperatures is arranged, lays equal stress on
Multiple third step and the 4th step carry out vertical stratified soil non-linear resistance characteristic evaluation under different temperatures.
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| CN111948482A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-17 | 西南交通大学 | Grounding electrode frequency sensitivity characteristic test evaluation method considering temperature and soil type |
| CN111985109A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-24 | 西南交通大学 | Lightning protection effective size coefficient evaluation method for horizontal grounding body at different temperatures |
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