CN109187246B - Hardness detection device and method for bonded abrasive tool - Google Patents
Hardness detection device and method for bonded abrasive tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN109187246B CN109187246B CN201811253224.8A CN201811253224A CN109187246B CN 109187246 B CN109187246 B CN 109187246B CN 201811253224 A CN201811253224 A CN 201811253224A CN 109187246 B CN109187246 B CN 109187246B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The application relates to a hardness detection device of a bonded grinding tool, which comprises: the base is provided with a penetrating operation space; the bottom of the base is provided with a lifting height supporting leg at a position far away from the operation space; the horizontal pushing mechanism is arranged at the top of the base and does not cover the operation space; the pushing mechanism is vertically arranged and can slide on the horizontal pushing mechanism, and the bottom of the pushing mechanism extends into the operation space; the pressure head is arranged at the bottom of the downward pushing mechanism and is positioned in the operation space and can move along the vertical direction and the horizontal direction; and the controller is electrically connected with the horizontal pushing mechanism and the downward pushing mechanism. The application also provides a detection method which is convenient to control, low in noise and suitable for application in a high-cleanness environment of an optical processing site; the controller controls the operation of the pusher through an internal program, and has accurate control and high measurement precision.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of optical ultra-precise grinding/lapping processing, in particular to a device and a method for detecting hardness of a bonded grinding tool.
Background
In the ultra-precise grinding process of the optical element, the ultra-hard abrasive consolidation grinding tool, such as a diamond grinding wheel, is adopted to realize the forming processing of the complex curved surface optical element, and has the advantages of high material removal rate, high forming precision and the like. However, the hardness of bonded abrasives, i.e., the ease with which the abrasive material is released from the surface of the abrasive, has a significant impact on the quality of the processing of the component, particularly subsurface defect quality. The hardness of the grinding tool is too low, the grinding material is easy to fall off from the surface of the grinding tool to form free particles, and the free particles are extruded into the surface of the optical element under the action of grinding force to form deep crack defects; and meanwhile, the abrasion of the grinding tool is serious, and the manufacturing cost is increased. The hardness of the grinding tool is too high, the self-sharpening effect of the grinding tool in the processing process is not obvious, the air holes on the surface of the grinding tool are seriously blocked, the grinding force is increased sharply, and besides the forming precision is influenced, the depth of a subsurface defect layer of an element is increased. Therefore, before the ultra-precise grinding processing of the optical element, the hardness of the grinding tool is accurately measured by using a corresponding technical means, and the grinding tool with proper hardness is selected according to specific process conditions, so that the method has important engineering application value for improving the processing precision and the surface quality of the optical element and reducing the manufacturing cost.
The national standard GB/T2490-2007 provides two methods for detecting the hardness of the ceramic bond and resin bond bonded grinding tool with the granularity range of F36-F1200. The first method adopts a sand blasting hardness machine, uses compressed air with a certain pressure to spray quartz stone with a certain granularity onto the surface of a grinding tool at a high pressure, and then measures the pit depth generated by the impact of the quartz sand on the surface of the grinding tool to obtain the hardness of the grinding tool. The method is simple to operate, but in an optical ultra-precise machining site, quartz sand particles greatly reduce the cleanliness of the environment and influence the machining quality of elements. The second method adopts a Rockwell hardness tester, under a certain load, a pit is statically printed on the surface of the grinding tool by using a spherical pressure head, and the hardness of the grinding tool is reflected by measuring the pit depth. The static hardness of the bonding agent on the surface of the grinding tool is obtained by the method, and the difficulty of falling off of the surface grinding material from the surface of the grinding tool cannot be accurately achieved.
The scratch experiment is carried out on the surface of the grinding tool by adopting a nano indentation instrument, so that the hardness of the grinding tool can be accurately obtained. However, the method requires a nano-indentation instrument with high price, and the high humidity environment of the optical processing site is not suitable for long-term use of the nano-indentation instrument, so that the method is difficult to realize in-situ measurement of the hardness of the grinding tool.
Chinese patent CN 101183062A discloses a method for detecting hardness of semi-solid abrasive grain grinding tool. According to the method, a Shore durometer is used, when the pressing foot is kept parallel to the surface of the grinding tool, the pressing needle is vertically pressed into the surface of the grinding tool, and the reading of the durometer is read within 1s after the pressing foot is kept in full contact with the grinding tool, so that the hardness value of the grinding tool can be obtained. Also, the method measures the static hardness of the bond on the surface of the abrasive article, and the difficulty of the abrasive particles falling off the surface of the abrasive article is not completely measured.
Chinese patent CN 203732382U discloses a system for detecting hardness of grinding wheel by knocking method, after knocking the grinding wheel by using a knocking device, the mode information of the shocked vibration of the grinding wheel is obtained by a vibration sensor adhered to the grinding wheel, and the hardness of the grinding wheel is indirectly reflected. Liu Fang, jiao Jinxu (ref: liu Fang, jiao Jinxu. Discussion of ceramic grinding wheel hardness characterization method based on acoustic principle [ J ], proprietary institute of technology, ind. 2014,25 (3): 33-37) obtains relatively pure grinding wheel vibration waveform after noise reduction treatment by knocking the grinding wheel and collecting the acoustic signal of the grinding wheel, thereby indirectly reflecting the hardness of the grinding wheel. The hardness of the grinding tool is indirectly measured by adopting physical signals in the two methods, and the difficulty degree of the falling of the abrasive particles from the surface of the grinding tool cannot be visually represented.
Chinese patent CN 204330511U and CN 206095841U both use sand blasting to measure the hardness of the abrasive tool, and are also not suitable for the requirements of high clean environment in optical processing sites.
Therefore, it is a need for a person skilled in the art to provide a device that can be applied to an optical ultra-precise machining site to directly and accurately measure the hardness of a grinding tool.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application provides a device for detecting hardness of a bonded abrasive tool, which solves the above technical problems.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:
a bonded abrasive hardness testing device, comprising:
the base is provided with a penetrating operation space; the bottom of the base is provided with a lifting height supporting leg at a position far away from the operation space;
the horizontal pushing mechanism is arranged at the top of the base and does not cover the operation space;
the pushing mechanism is vertically arranged and can slide on the horizontal pushing mechanism, and the bottom of the pushing mechanism extends into the operation space;
the pressure head is arranged at the bottom of the downward pushing mechanism and is positioned in the operation space and can move along the vertical direction and the horizontal direction;
and the controller is electrically connected with the horizontal pushing mechanism and the downward pushing mechanism.
Compared with the prior art, the application discloses the hardness detection device for the consolidated grinding tool, and the height of the base can be adjusted through the lifting height supporting legs, so that the detection device is suitable for grinding tools with different sizes and surface shapes; the controller controls the horizontal pushing mechanism to drive the downward pushing mechanism to move in the horizontal direction, so that the pressure head can uniformly score the surface of the grinding tool, and the difficulty degree of the falling of abrasive particles is detected; the controller controls the pushing mechanism to drive the pressure head to be pressed into the surface of the grinding tool, has simple structure, convenient control and low noise, and is suitable for application in the high-clean environment of the optical processing site; the controller controls the operation of the pusher through an internal program, and has accurate control and high measurement precision.
The controller is a singlechip and integrates the functions of signal acquisition, data analysis, data processing and the like.
Preferably, the base is in a regular triangle shape, so that the stability of the triangle is good, and the test accuracy is ensured; the operation space penetrating the inside of the device can be triangle, round, oval, rectangle and the like.
Preferably, the liftable height supporting leg comprises a lower supporting leg, an upper supporting leg, a locking piece and an adjusting ring;
a first rectangular hole is formed in the lower supporting leg along the vertical direction; the outer wall of the top of the lower supporting leg is provided with a first left-handed thread;
the top ends of the upper supporting legs are integrally connected with the base; the bottom of the box body is provided with a second rectangular hole which is the same as the first rectangular hole along the vertical direction; the outer wall of the bottom of the upper supporting leg is provided with a first right-handed thread;
the locking piece is rectangular, the upper part of the locking piece is arranged in the first rectangular hole, and the bottom of the locking piece is arranged in the second rectangular hole;
the upper part of the inner wall of the adjusting ring is provided with a second right-handed thread, and the lower part of the inner wall of the adjusting ring is provided with a second left-handed thread; the second right-handed screw is connected with the first right-handed screw, and the second left-handed screw is connected with the first left-handed screw.
Wherein the upper and lower legs may be cylindrical; with the adoption of the scheme, as the upper part of the inner wall of the adjusting ring is provided with the second right-handed thread, the lower part of the inner wall of the adjusting ring is provided with the second left-handed thread; the second right-handed screw is connected with the first right-handed screw of the upper supporting leg, and the second left-handed screw is connected with the first left-handed screw of the lower supporting leg; the locking piece is positioned in the first rectangular hole and the second rectangular hole to prevent radial displacement between the upper supporting leg and the lower supporting leg, so that when the adjusting ring is manually adjusted to rotate, the locking piece limits relative rotation movement of the upper supporting leg and the lower supporting leg, and because the adjusting ring is in right-handed threaded connection with the upper supporting leg and is adjusted by left-handed threads between the adjusting ring and the lower supporting leg, the lower supporting leg can axially move relative to the upper supporting leg when the adjusting ring is rotated, and the height adjustment is realized; the detection device is suitable for detecting the hardness of the surface of the grinding tool with different surface shapes.
The bottom of the lower supporting leg can be a plane or a sphere, and the hardness measurement of the plane or curved grinding tool is respectively applicable.
Preferably, the horizontal pushing mechanism comprises a mounting plate, a horizontal sliding rail, a moving platform and a horizontal pusher;
the mounting plate is fixed at the top of the base and occupies a part of the area of the top of the base;
the horizontal sliding rail is two parallel branch sliding rails with a certain distance, and is fixed into a whole through the mounting plate, and the bottom surface of the horizontal sliding rail is parallel to the bottom surface of the mounting plate and is abutted against the top of the base;
the motion platform can slide on the horizontal slide rail, and the pushing mechanism is fixed on the motion platform;
the horizontal pusher is fixed on the mounting plate, and the output end of the horizontal pusher is connected with the moving platform through a connecting piece and pushes the moving platform to move in the horizontal direction; the controller is electrically connected with the horizontal pusher.
Wherein the motion platform is provided with a central hole and a threaded hole; the center hole is used for penetrating the lower part of the pushing mechanism, the pushing mechanism is fixed on the motion platform through the threaded hole by bolts, the number of the threaded holes can be 4-6, and the specific aperture is selected according to the size specification of the pushing mechanism;
the distance between the two sliding rails is used for pushing the lower part of the pushing mechanism downwards to extend into the operation space.
Preferably, the horizontal pushing mechanism further comprises a horizontal grating ruler and a horizontal grating reading head;
the horizontal grating ruler is arranged on one side of any sliding rail, and the horizontal grating reading head is arranged on the side of the motion platform corresponding to the horizontal grating ruler; the level grating reading head is electrically connected with the controller. By adopting the scheme, the horizontal grating reading head is beneficial to sending the motion position coordinates and the motion distance of the motion platform along the horizontal direction to the controller.
Preferably, the horizontal pushing mechanism further comprises a level, and the level is fixed on the motion platform. The effect of adopting this scheme is: after the height of the supporting legs is regulated, the moving platform is in a horizontal state; advantageously, a transverse level and a longitudinal level may be included.
Preferably, limiting blocks are respectively arranged on two sides of each sliding rail. The scheme has the effects of preventing the motion platform from moving out of the guide rail, limiting the starting point and the end point, and ensuring that the motion platform drives the pushing mechanism to move in the operation space.
Preferably, the pushing mechanism comprises a mounting bracket, a pushing shaft, a pushing linear bearing, a pushing pusher, a pushing grating ruler and a pushing grating reading head;
the mounting bracket is fixed on the motion platform;
the pressing shaft penetrates through the mounting bracket and the motion platform and stretches into the operation space; the bottom of the pressure head is detachably connected with the pressure head; the pressure head is convenient to replace;
the top of the pressing linear bearing is fixed at the bottom of the motion platform and is matched with the outer circumference of the pressing shaft to limit the pressing shaft to move along the vertical direction;
the pushing-down pusher is arranged at the top of the mounting bracket and is detachably connected with the top of the pushing-down shaft through a connecting pin; the pushing-down pusher is electrically connected with the controller;
the downward-pressing grating ruler is vertically fixed on the inner side of the mounting bracket;
the grating reading head is arranged on the pressing shaft and corresponds to the position of the pressing grating ruler; the grating reading head is electrically connected with the controller, and the position coordinates of the pressing shaft in the motion measurement process are obtained.
The installation support is similar to n-shaped, the bottom of the installation support is installed on the motion platform, and the top of the installation support is fixedly provided with a pushing-down pusher; the top of the pressing shaft penetrates into the moving platform and enters the mounting bracket, the pressing shaft is connected with the output end of the pressing pusher through a connecting pin, and the pressing head is fixed at the bottom of the pressing shaft through a lateral locking bolt in the hollow lower part of the pressing shaft; the lower pressing grating ruler is arranged on the inner side of the mounting bracket, the lower pressing grating reading head is positioned on the lower pressing shaft and corresponds to the position of the lower pressing grating ruler, and the lower pressing grating reading head feeds back the downward pressing distance of the lower pressing shaft to the controller.
Preferably, the horizontal pusher and the pushing pusher are both air cylinders, and the air cylinders are communicated with an external compressed air source; the control is convenient. Alternatively, a hydraulic piston configuration may be used in communication with the hydraulic source.
Preferably, each cylinder is provided with an air pressure sensor; the air pressure sensor is electrically connected with the controller; the controller is convenient to collect the air pressure and is used for internal operation.
The application also provides a method for detecting the hardness of the bonded grinding tool, which comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning and flattening the surface of a grinding tool to be tested; ensuring that no processing groove with the space dimension of 10D to 10D exists on the surface of the grinding tool, wherein D is the granularity of grinding tool abrasive particles, and D is the radius of the tip of the pressure head; specifically, the width of the groove on the surface of the grinding tool cannot be in the range of 10D to 10D; washing the surface of the grinding tool by using filtered water and airing;
s2, fixing the detection device on the surface of the grinding tool which is clean and flat in the S1, and ensuring that the detection device and the surface of the grinding tool have no relative displacement; a displacement sensor is arranged on the pressing shaft and is connected with the controller;
if the surface of the large-size grinding tool is required to be detected, fixing the detection device on the surface of the grinding tool through an auxiliary tool; if the grinding tool is a curved surface, the lower supporting leg can be a spherical supporting leg, and if the grinding tool is a plane, the lower supporting leg is a plane supporting leg for detection;
if the surface of the small-sized grinding tool is required to be detected, the grinding tool is placed below a detection device;
s3, driving the displacement sensor arranged in S2 to move at a uniform speed on the surface of the grinding tool by moving the horizontal pusher and/or pressing the pusher, and measuring the original contour f of the surface of the grinding tool 0 And send to the controller;
s4, removing the displacement sensor and mounting the pressure head; the horizontal pusher and the pushing pusher are returned to the initial point positions, compressed air is respectively supplied to the horizontal pusher and the pushing pusher, the pressure head is not contacted with the surface of the grinding tool, the pressure head performs horizontal uniform motion and vertical uniform motion, and the controller receives the compressed air pressure P in the horizontal pusher fed back by the air pressure sensor f0 And pressure P of compressed air in the push-down pusher d0 ；
S5, pushing to the horizontal pusher and the pushing down respectivelyThe dynamic device supplies compressed air to enable the pressure head to score on the surface of the grinding tool at uniform speed; the controller receives the pressure p of compressed air in the horizontal pusher sent by the air pressure sensor at the moment f And the pressure p of the compressed air in the push-down pusher d The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The distance f that the pressure head sent by the horizontal grating reading head is pressed down by the pressure head sent by the lower grating reading head; the controller processes and calculates the hardness value of the surface of the grinding tool according to the following formula;
wherein H is the surface hardness of the detected grinding tool, S is the stress area of the piston of the cylinder, and p d For the corresponding pressure, p, when the push-down pusher is pushed down f Is the corresponding pressure in the horizontal movement of the horizontal pusher, f is the downward pressing distance of the pressure head, f 0 Is the original contour of the surface of the grinding tool, wherein when the surface of the grinding tool to be measured is a plane, f 0 ＝0。
The application can also comprise a display for displaying the detection data and the calculation result, and can display and detect the average value of a plurality of grinding tools in the same batch in an accumulated way, and can be used for detecting and measuring the consistency of the grinding tools leaving a factory.
The application can also adopt a manual calculation mode; replacing the controller with a collection device, wherein each pusher is manually controlled to be opened or closed; and recording the measured original profile f of the surface of the grinding tool 0 Horizontal pusher pressure p f Pressure p of push-down pusher d And calculating the hardness value of the surface of the grinding tool according to the formula by using parameters such as the pressing distance and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for detecting hardness of a bonded abrasive tool according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a horizontal pushing mechanism of a hardness testing device for bonded abrasive tools according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a pushing mechanism of a hardness testing device for a bonded abrasive tool according to the present application;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a lower leg of a bonded abrasive hardness testing device according to the present application;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a lower leg of a bonded abrasive hardness testing device according to the present application;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a locking plate of a bonded abrasive tool hardness testing device according to the present application;
fig. 7 is a control schematic block diagram of a hardness detection device for a bonded abrasive tool according to the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
The embodiment of the application discloses a device for detecting the hardness of a bonded grinding tool, which has high detection precision and simple structure and is suitable for application in a high-clean environment of an optical processing site.
Referring to fig. 1, a hardness detection device for a bonded abrasive tool includes:
the base 1, there is operation space penetrating on the base 1; the bottom of the base 1 is provided with a lifting height supporting leg 2 at a position far away from the operation space;
the horizontal pushing mechanism 3 is arranged at the top of the base 1, and the horizontal pushing mechanism 3 does not cover the operation space;
the pushing mechanism 4 is vertically arranged, can slide on the horizontal pushing mechanism 3, and the bottom of the pushing mechanism 4 extends into the operation space;
the pressure head 5 is arranged at the bottom of the pushing mechanism 4 and is positioned in the operation space and can move along the vertical direction and the horizontal direction;
and the controller is electrically connected with the horizontal pushing mechanism 3 and the downward pushing mechanism 4.
The application discloses a hardness detection device for a bonded grinding tool, which is suitable for grinding tools with different sizes and surface shapes because the height of the horizontal plane of a base 1 can be adjusted through a lifting height supporting leg 2; the controller controls the horizontal pushing mechanism 3 to drive the downward pushing mechanism 4 to move in the horizontal direction, so that the pressure head 5 can uniformly score the surface of the grinding tool, and the difficulty degree of falling of abrasive particles is detected; the controller controls the pushing mechanism 4 to drive the pressure head 5 to push down the surface of the grinding tool, has simple structure, convenient control and low noise, and is suitable for application in the high-clean environment of the optical processing site; the controller controls the operation of the pusher through an internal program, and has accurate control and high measurement precision.
The controller is a singlechip, and integrates the functions of signal acquisition, data processing and the like.
In one embodiment of the application, referring to fig. 1, the base 1 is a regular triangle, the stability of the triangle is good, and the test accuracy is ensured; the operation space penetrating the inside of the device can be triangle, round, oval, rectangle and the like.
Advantageously, the liftable height leg 2 comprises a lower leg 21, an upper leg 22, a locking tab 23 and an adjusting ring 24;
a first rectangular hole is formed in the lower leg 21 along the vertical direction; and the top outer wall of the lower leg 21 is provided with a first left-handed thread;
the top end of the upper supporting leg 22 is integrally connected with the base 1; the bottom of the box body is provided with a second rectangular hole which is the same as the first rectangular hole along the vertical direction; and the bottom outer wall of the upper leg 22 is provided with a first right-handed thread;
referring to fig. 6, the locking piece 23 has a rectangular shape, the upper portion of which is installed in the first rectangular hole, and the bottom of which is installed in the second rectangular hole;
the upper part of the inner wall of the adjusting ring 24 is provided with a second right-handed thread, and the lower part is provided with a second left-handed thread; the second right-handed screw is connected with the first right-handed screw, and the second left-handed screw is connected with the first left-handed screw.
Wherein the upper leg 22 and the lower leg 21 may be cylindrical; since the upper portion of the inner wall of the adjusting ring 24 has a second right-handed thread, the lower portion has a second left-handed thread; the second right-handed screw is connected with the first right-handed screw of the upper supporting leg 22, and the second left-handed screw is connected with the first left-handed screw of the lower supporting leg 21; the locking piece 23 is positioned in the first rectangular hole and the second rectangular hole to prevent radial displacement between the upper supporting leg 22 and the lower supporting leg 21, so that when the adjusting ring 24 is manually adjusted to rotate, the locking piece 23 limits relative rotation movement of the upper supporting leg 22 and the lower supporting leg 21, and because the adjusting ring 24 is in right-handed threaded connection with the upper supporting leg 22, left-handed threaded adjustment is performed between the adjusting ring 24 and the lower supporting leg 21, axial movement of the lower supporting leg 21 relative to the upper supporting leg 22 is generated when the adjusting ring 24 is rotated, and height adjustment is realized; the detection device is suitable for detecting the hardness of the surface of the grinding tool with different thicknesses.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the bottom of the lower leg 21 may be either flat or spherical, and the hardness measurement of a flat or curved grinder may be used.
In one embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 2, the horizontal pushing mechanism 3 includes a mounting plate 31, a horizontal slide rail 32, a moving platform 33, and a horizontal pusher 34;
the mounting plate 31 is fixed on the top of the base 1 and occupies a part of the top area of the base 1;
the horizontal slide rail 32 is two parallel branch slide rails with a certain distance, and is fixed into a whole through the mounting plate 31, and the bottom surface of the horizontal slide rail is parallel to the bottom surface of the mounting plate 31 and is abutted against the top of the base 1;
the moving platform 33 is slidable on the horizontal slide rail 32, and the pushing mechanism 4 is fixed on the moving platform 33;
the horizontal pusher 34 is fixed on the mounting plate 31, is connected with the moving platform 33 through a connecting piece (may be a connecting pin), and pushes the moving platform 33 to move in the horizontal direction; the controller is electrically connected to the horizontal pusher 34.
Wherein the moving platform 33 is provided with a central hole and a threaded hole; the center hole is used for penetrating the lower part of the pushing mechanism 4, the pushing mechanism 4 is fixed on the motion platform 33 through a bolt by the threaded hole, the number of the threaded holes can be 4-6, and the specific aperture is selected according to the size specification of the pushing mechanism 4;
the distance between the two sliding rails is used for pushing the lower part of the pushing mechanism 4 downwards to extend into the operation space.
Advantageously, the horizontal pushing mechanism 3 further comprises a horizontal grating ruler 35 and a horizontal grating reading head 36;
the horizontal grating ruler 35 is arranged on one side of any sliding rail, and the horizontal grating reading head 36 is arranged on the side of the motion platform 33 corresponding to the horizontal grating ruler 35; the level grating read head 36 is electrically connected to the controller. With this scheme, the horizontal grating reading head 36 is facilitated to send the motion position coordinates and the motion distance of the motion platform 33 in the horizontal direction to the controller.
Advantageously, the horizontal pushing mechanism 3 further comprises a level fixed to the moving platform 33. The effect of adopting this scheme is: after the height of the supporting leg is regulated, the base 1 is in a horizontal state; a transverse level 37 and a longitudinal level 38 may advantageously be included.
In another embodiment of the present application, two sides of each of the sliding rails are respectively provided with a limiting block 39. In order to prevent the moving platform 33 from moving out of the sliding rail, the function of limiting the starting point and the end point is achieved, and the moving platform 33 is guaranteed to drive the pushing mechanism 4 to move in the operation space.
Referring to fig. 3, the pushing mechanism 4 includes a mounting bracket 41, a pushing shaft 42, a pushing linear bearing 46, a pushing pusher 43, a pushing grating ruler 44 and a pushing grating reading head 45;
the mounting bracket 41 is fixed on the motion platform 33;
the pressing shaft 42 penetrates through the mounting bracket 41 and the moving platform 33 and extends into the operation space; the bottom of the pressure head is detachably connected with the pressure head 5; the pressure head is convenient to replace;
the top of the pressing linear bearing 46 is fixed at the bottom of the motion platform 33, and is matched with the outer circumference of the pressing shaft 42 to limit the pressing shaft 42 to move along the vertical direction, so that the pressing shaft 42 is prevented from shifting;
the pushing-down pusher 43 is mounted on the top of the mounting bracket 41 and is detachably connected with the top of the pushing-down shaft 42 through a connecting pin; and is electrically connected with the controller;
the downward-pressing grating ruler 44 is vertically fixed on the inner side of the mounting bracket 41;
the grating reading head is arranged on the lower pressing shaft 42 and corresponds to the position of the lower pressing grating ruler 44; wherein the lower calender gate reading head 45 is electrically connected with the controller to obtain the position coordinates of the lower calender shaft 42 during the measurement movement.
Wherein, the mounting bracket 41 is similar to n-shaped, the bottom is mounted on the motion platform 33, and the top is fixedly provided with the pushing-down pusher 43; the top of the pressing shaft 42 penetrates through the moving platform 33 to enter the mounting bracket 41, and is connected with the output end of the pressing pusher 43 through a connecting pin; the lower grating ruler 44 is installed on the inner side of the installation support 41, the lower grating reading head 45 is located on the lower pressing shaft 42 and corresponds to the lower grating ruler 44 in position, and the lower grating reading head 45 feeds back the distance of the lower pressing shaft 42 pressing down to the controller.
The bottom of the pressing shaft 42 is hollow, and the pressing head 5 is fixed at the bottom of the pressing shaft 42 through a locking bolt.
In other embodiments of the present application, both the horizontal pusher 34 and the push-down pusher 43 are cylinders that are in communication with an external compressed air source; the control is convenient.
The horizontal pusher 34 and the push-down pusher 43 may alternatively be hydraulic piston structures that communicate with a hydraulic source.
Advantageously, each cylinder is provided with an air pressure sensor; the first air pressure sensor (a cylinder in the horizontal direction) and the second air pressure sensor (a cylinder in the pressing direction) are electrically connected with the controller; the controller is convenient to collect the air pressure and is used for internal operation.
The application also provides a method for detecting the hardness of the bonded grinding tool, which comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning and flattening the surface of a grinding tool to be tested; ensuring that no processing groove with the space dimension of 10D to 10D exists on the surface of the grinding tool, wherein D is the granularity of grinding tool abrasive particles, and D is the radius of the tip of the pressure head; specifically, the width of the groove on the surface of the grinding tool cannot be in the range of 10D to 10D; washing the surface of the grinding tool by using filtered water and airing;
s2, fixing the detection device on the surface of the grinding tool which is clean and flat in the S1, and ensuring that the detection device and the surface of the grinding tool have no relative displacement; a displacement sensor is arranged on the pressing shaft and is connected with the controller;
if the surface of the large-size grinding tool is required to be detected, fixing the detection device on the surface of the grinding tool through an auxiliary tool; if the grinding tool is a curved surface, the lower supporting leg can be a spherical supporting leg, and if the grinding tool is a plane, the lower supporting leg is a plane supporting leg for detection;
if the surface of the small-sized grinding tool is required to be detected, the grinding tool is placed below a detection device;
s3, driving the displacement sensor arranged in S2 to move at a uniform speed on the surface of the grinding tool by moving the horizontal pusher and/or pressing the pusher, and measuring the original contour f of the surface of the grinding tool 0 And send to the controller;
s4, removing the displacement sensor and mounting the pressure head; the horizontal pusher and the pushing pusher are returned to the initial point positions, compressed air is respectively supplied to the horizontal pusher and the pushing pusher, the pressure head is not contacted with the surface of the grinding tool, the pressure head performs horizontal uniform motion and vertical uniform motion, and the controller receives the compressed air pressure P in the horizontal pusher fed back by the air pressure sensor f0 And pressure P of compressed air in the push-down pusher d0 ；
S5, compressed air is respectively supplied to the horizontal pusher and the pressing pusher, so that the pressure head is uniformly scored on the surface of the grinding tool; the controller receives the pressure p of compressed air in the horizontal pusher sent by the air pressure sensor at the moment f And the pressure p of the compressed air in the push-down pusher d The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The distance f that the pressure head sent by the horizontal grating reading head is pressed down by the pressure head sent by the lower grating reading head; the controller processes and calculates the hardness value of the surface of the grinding tool according to the following formula;
wherein H is the surface hardness of the detected grinding tool, S is the stress area of the piston of the cylinder, and p d For the corresponding pressure, p, when the push-down pusher is pushed down f Is the corresponding pressure in the horizontal movement of the horizontal pusher, f is the downward pressing distance of the pressure head, f 0 Is the original contour of the surface of the grinding tool, wherein when the surface of the grinding tool to be measured is a plane, f 0 ＝0。
The application can also comprise a display for displaying the detection data and the calculation result, and can display and detect the average value of a plurality of grinding tools in the same batch in an accumulated way, and can be used for detecting and measuring the consistency of the grinding tools leaving a factory.
The application can also adopt a manual calculation mode; replacing the controller with a collection device, wherein each pusher is manually controlled to be opened or closed; and recording the measured original profile f of the surface of the grinding tool 0 Horizontal pusher pressure p f Pressure p of push-down pusher d And calculating the hardness value of the surface of the grinding tool according to the formula by using parameters such as the pressing distance and the like.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A bonded abrasive tool hardness testing device, comprising:
a base (1), wherein the base (1) is provided with a penetrating operation space; the bottom of the base (1) is far away from the operation space, and a lifting height supporting leg (2) is arranged at the bottom of the base;
the horizontal pushing mechanism (3) is arranged at the top of the base (1) and does not cover the operation space;
the pushing mechanism (4) is vertically arranged, can slide on the horizontal pushing mechanism (3) and extends into the operation space from the bottom of the pushing mechanism (4);
the pressure head (5) is arranged at the bottom of the pushing mechanism (4) and can move in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction in the operation space;
the controller is electrically connected with the horizontal pushing mechanism (3) and the downward pushing mechanism (4);
the horizontal pushing mechanism (3) comprises a mounting plate (31), a horizontal sliding rail (32), a moving platform (33) and a horizontal pusher (34); the mounting plate (31) is fixed on the top of the base (1); the horizontal sliding rail (32) is two parallel branch sliding rails with a certain distance, is fixed into a whole through the mounting plate (31), and the bottom surface of the horizontal sliding rail is parallel to the bottom surface of the mounting plate (31) and is abutted to the top of the base (1); the motion platform (33) can slide on the horizontal sliding rail (32), and the pushing mechanism (4) is fixed on the motion platform (33); the horizontal pusher (34) is fixed on the mounting plate (31), and the output end of the horizontal pusher is connected with the moving platform (33) through a connecting piece and pushes the moving platform (33) to move in the horizontal direction; the controller is electrically connected with the horizontal pusher (34);
the pressing pushing mechanism (4) comprises a mounting bracket (41), a pressing shaft (42), a pressing linear bearing (46), a pressing pusher (43), a pressing grating ruler (44) and a pressing grating reading head (45);
the mounting bracket (41) is fixed on the motion platform (33); the pressing shaft (42) penetrates through the mounting bracket (41) and the moving platform (33) and stretches into the operation space; the bottom of the pressure head is detachably connected with the pressure head (5); the top of the pressing linear bearing (46) is fixed at the bottom of the moving platform (33), and is matched with the outer circumference of the pressing shaft (42) to limit the pressing shaft (42) to move along the vertical direction; the pushing-down pusher (43) is arranged at the top of the mounting bracket (41) and is connected with the top of the pushing-down shaft (42); and the pushing-down pusher (43) is electrically connected with the controller; the downward-pressing grating ruler (44) is vertically fixed on the inner side of the mounting bracket (41); the grating reading head (45) is arranged on the pressing shaft (42) and corresponds to the position of the pressing grating ruler (44); wherein the grating reading head (45) is electrically connected with the controller.
2. The bonded abrasive hardness testing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the base (1) is a regular triangle.
3. The device for detecting the hardness of the bonded abrasive tool according to claim 1, wherein the liftable height supporting leg (2) comprises a lower supporting leg (21), an upper supporting leg (22), a locking piece (23) and an adjusting ring (24);
a first rectangular hole is formed in the lower supporting leg (21) along the vertical direction; and a first left-handed thread is arranged on the top outer wall of the lower supporting leg (21);
the top ends of the upper supporting legs (22) are integrally connected with the base (1); the bottom of the box body is provided with a second rectangular hole which is the same as the first rectangular hole along the vertical direction; and a first right-handed thread is arranged on the outer wall of the bottom of the upper supporting leg (22);
the locking piece (23) is rectangular, the upper part of the locking piece is arranged in the first rectangular hole, and the bottom of the locking piece is arranged in the second rectangular hole;
the upper part of the inner wall of the adjusting ring (24) is provided with a second right-handed thread, and the lower part of the inner wall of the adjusting ring is provided with a second left-handed thread; the second right-handed screw is connected with the first right-handed screw, and the second left-handed screw is connected with the first left-handed screw.
4. The bonded abrasive hardness testing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal pushing mechanism (3) further comprises a horizontal grating ruler (35) and a horizontal grating reading head (36);
the horizontal grating ruler (35) is arranged on any one side of the branch sliding rail, and the horizontal grating reading head (36) is arranged on the side of the motion platform (33) corresponding to the horizontal grating ruler (35); the level grating read head (36) is electrically connected to the controller.
5. The bonded abrasive hardness testing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal pushing mechanism (3) further comprises a level, the level being fixed to the motion platform (33).
6. The device for detecting hardness of a bonded abrasive tool according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a stopper (39) is respectively installed on both sides of each of the slide rails.
7. The device for detecting the hardness of the bonded abrasive tool according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal pusher (34) and the pressing pusher (43) are air cylinders, the air cylinders are connected with a compressed air source, and each air cylinder is provided with an air pressure sensor; the air pressure sensor is electrically connected with the controller.
8. The method for detecting the hardness of the bonded grinding tool is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, cleaning and flattening the surface of a grinding tool to be tested;
s2, fixing the detection device on the surface of the grinding tool which is clean and flat in the S1, and ensuring that the detection device and the surface of the grinding tool have no relative displacement; a displacement sensor is arranged on the pressing shaft and is connected with the controller;
s3, driving the displacement sensor arranged in S2 to move at a uniform speed on the surface of the grinding tool by moving the horizontal pusher and/or pressing the pusher, and measuring the original contour f of the surface of the grinding tool 0 And send to the controller;
s4, disassemblingInstalling a pressure head except for the displacement sensor; the horizontal pusher and the pushing pusher are returned to the initial point positions, compressed air is respectively supplied to the horizontal pusher and the pushing pusher, the pressure head is not contacted with the surface of the grinding tool, the pressure head performs horizontal uniform motion and vertical uniform motion, and the controller receives the compressed air pressure P in the horizontal pusher fed back by the air pressure sensor f0 And pressure P of compressed air in the push-down pusher d0 ；
S5, compressed air is respectively supplied to the horizontal pusher and the pressing pusher, so that the pressure head is uniformly scored on the surface of the grinding tool; the controller receives the pressure p of compressed air in the horizontal pusher sent by the air pressure sensor at the moment f And the pressure p of the compressed air in the push-down pusher d The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The distance f that the pressure head sent by the horizontal grating reading head is pressed down by the pressure head sent by the lower grating reading head; the controller processes and calculates the hardness value of the surface of the grinding tool according to the following formula;
wherein H is the surface hardness of the detected grinding tool, S is the stress area of the piston of the cylinder, and p d For the corresponding pressure, p, when the push-down pusher is pushed down f Is the corresponding pressure in the horizontal movement of the horizontal pusher, f is the downward pressing distance of the pressure head, f 0 Is the original contour of the surface of the grinding tool, wherein when the surface of the grinding tool to be measured is a plane, f 0 ＝0。
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| CN201811253224.8A CN109187246B (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | Hardness detection device and method for bonded abrasive tool |
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| CN201811253224.8A CN109187246B (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | Hardness detection device and method for bonded abrasive tool |
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| CN109187246B true CN109187246B (en) | 2023-09-22 |
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| CN110125802B (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2020-12-01 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Online detection method and system for tiny abrasion loss of superhard material grinding wheel |
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