CN109186763B - Polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on immersion grating - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a baseA polarized hyperspectral imaging apparatus in an immersion grating, comprising: the device comprises an incident slit, a collimating mirror, an immersion grating, a polarization beam splitter, a focusing lens and a detector; the incident slit is arranged in front of the collimating mirror; the immersion grating is arranged behind the collimating mirror; the polarization beam splitters are p-stage, and the number of the polarization beam splitters in each stage is 2p‑1The value range of p is more than or equal to 1; the first-stage polarization beam splitter is arranged on an optical path of emergent light of the immersion grating; each polarization beam splitter from the second level to the p level is respectively and correspondingly arranged on the light path of each emergent light of the polarization beam splitter at the previous level; the number of the focusing lens and the detector are both 2pAnd each emergent light of each polarization beam splitter in the p-th polarization beam splitter is emitted into a detector through a focusing lens. The invention solves the problems that the existing polarization spectrum equipment can not simultaneously obtain spectrum polarization information, and has moving parts and contradictions between high precision and light weight.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polarization spectrum information, and particularly relates to a polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on immersion Grating (IG Grating).
Background
At present, various technical schemes for acquiring polarization spectrum image information have been proposed through research at home and abroad, the main idea is to combine an imaging spectrum technology with a polarization measurement technology, and how to realize high resolution, self-adaptation and small and light weight is the research focus. The imaging spectrum technology can be roughly divided into three types of light filtering type, interference type and dispersion type according to the light splitting principle, and each type has advantages, disadvantages and application range.
The optical system of the polarization imaging spectrometer based on the light filtering type is provided with a light filtering element, the traditional method is a light filtering wheel and the like, moving parts are arranged in the scheme system, the number of spectrum channels is small, the spectrum resolution and the working efficiency are low, information is not obtained simultaneously, and the polarization imaging spectrometer is not suitable for detection occasions with spectrum and polarization changing rapidly. The AOTF (Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter) based polarization spectroscopy technology has the advantages of being electrically Tunable, freely selecting spectral bands and being high in resolution, but for the application requirement of ultra-fine spectroscopy, the spectral resolution capability is relatively low, and due to the constraint of the factors of the device, the light beam receiving angle and the system aperture angle are small, so that on one hand, the light energy utilization rate is low, and on the other hand, the subsequent optical system is not convenient to place.
The polarization imaging spectrometer based on the interference type is divided into a spatial modulation type and a time modulation type, and the spatial modulation type interference polarization imaging spectrometer has structures such as pupil division or aperture division in a system, so that light energy is dispersed, and the signal intensity is weak. The Fourier transform polarization imaging spectrometer is taken as a model of a time modulation type interference polarization imaging spectrometer, has high spectral resolution and wide spectral coverage range, is usually applied to various occasions, but the spectrometer is provided with a moving part, and the precision of a moving mirror is not easy to guarantee; for moving scene detection, the image quality is degraded, and it takes a long time to obtain an interference pattern of a scene.
The common dispersive elements of the devices based on the principle of spatial dispersion are prisms, gratings, etc. Because the grating has the characteristics of high resolution and wide spectrum range (from ultraviolet to infrared), the spectrometer applied to the aerospace field mostly adopts the light splitting element. However, the traditional grating spectrometer needs a large-size optical system to match with the grating spectrometer, and the problems of high precision and light weight are in conflict.
The existing polarization imaging spectrum devices are various, and each scheme has unique advantages and simultaneously has a plurality of inevitable problems, so that the urgent solution is as follows: the existing polarization spectrum equipment cannot acquire spectrum polarization information at the same time, and has the problems of moving parts and contradiction between high precision and light weight.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on an immersion grating, and aims to solve the problems that the existing polarization spectrum equipment cannot acquire spectrum polarization information simultaneously, moving parts exist, and the contradiction between high precision and light weight exists.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a polarized hyperspectral imaging apparatus based on an immersion grating comprising: the device comprises an incident slit, a collimating mirror, an immersion grating, a polarization beam splitter, a focusing lens and a detector; the entrance slit is arranged in front of the collimating mirrorIncident light can enter the collimating mirror through the incident slit; the immersion grating is arranged behind the collimating mirror, and emergent light of the collimating mirror can be incident into the immersion grating; the polarization beam splitters are p-stage, and the number of the polarization beam splitters in each stage is 2p-1The value range of p is more than or equal to 1; the first-stage polarization beam splitter is arranged on a light path of emergent light of the immersion grating, and the emergent light of the immersion grating can be emitted into the first-stage polarization beam splitter; each polarization beam splitter in the second to p-level is respectively and correspondingly arranged on the light path of each emergent light of the previous polarization beam splitter, and each polarization beam splitter can receive the emergent light of the previous polarization beam splitter; the number of the focusing lens and the detector are both 2pAnd each emergent light of each polarization beam splitter in the p-th polarization beam splitter is emitted into a detector through a focusing lens, and the detector is used for collecting information of the polarized light.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: a front optical system; the front optical system is arranged in front of the entrance slit, and the incident light enters the entrance slit through the front optical system.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: an entrance pupil; the incident light enters the front optical system after passing through the entrance pupil.
Furthermore, the size of the entrance slit is determined according to the selected size of the detector pixel, the entrance slit enables the pixels not to overlap, and the size of the pixels is 0.8-0.9.
Furthermore, the immersion grating is obliquely arranged along the direction vertical to the incident surface, and the oblique angle range is 2-9 degrees.
Further, the refractive index of the immersion grating is greater than 1.
Further, p has a value of 1; the polarization beam splitter is arranged on a light path of emergent light of the immersion grating, and the emergent light of the immersion grating can be incident into the polarization beam splitter; the incident plane of the polarization beam splitter is vertical to the main optical axis of the emergent light of the immersion grating; two vertical polarized light beams of the polarization beam splitter are respectively emitted into a detector through a focusing lens.
Further, the polarizing beam splitter is a Wollaston prism, a roman prism, a saanermon prism, a glan prism, or a Sarvart plate.
Furthermore, the emergent light of the immersion grating vertically enters the incident plane of the first-stage polarization beam splitter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on the immersion grating, light beams of different wave bands are obtained through the immersion grating, moving parts do not need to be arranged, and detection accuracy can be improved; the immersion grating has stronger dispersion capability, can obtain larger resolution ratio only by smaller volume, and can solve the contradiction problem of high precision and light weight at present; the invention can effectively utilize the difference of the spectrum and the polarization characteristics of the target and the background, obviously improve the accuracy of target detection and scene identification and has higher detection and identification capability; the polarization beam splitter can simultaneously obtain the information of the multiple beams of polarized light, and is suitable for detection occasions with rapid changes of spectra and polarization. The polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on the immersion grating combines the important application value of polarization hyperspectral image information and many characteristics and unique advantages of the immersion grating, integrates various detection capabilities of hyperspectrum, polarization and image, and is small, light and free of moving parts; the optical fiber polarization state sensor has high spectral resolution, can acquire a plurality of polarization state information simultaneously, and has the advantages of high luminous flux, no channel crosstalk, small size, light weight and the like. The imaging device is provided with the grating, so that spectral information can be acquired; the polarization beam splitter is also arranged to obtain polarization information; therefore, polarization spectrum information can be obtained simultaneously; some existing spectrometers need moving parts to perform push-broom or tuning and the like to realize collection of spectrum signals in principle, and grating spectrometers do not need moving parts; for a common grating spectrometer, the spectral resolution is positively correlated with the size, in the application of realizing higher spectral resolution, the size of the grating is very large, while the immersion grating has the linear size of 1/n of that of the common reflection grating and the volume of 1/n ^ 3 under the condition of realizing the same resolution, so that the size of a dispersion element is greatly reduced, and the sizes of a front optical element and a subsequent optical element matched with the dispersion element are also reduced, thereby realizing the high spectral resolution under small size and light weight.
Further, the quality of the light incident on the IG can be optimized by providing a pre-optical system and an entrance pupil.
Furthermore, the immersion grating is arranged in an inclined manner along a direction perpendicular to the incident surface, the incident surface is a plane formed by incident light and a normal, the inclined angle is used for separating the incident light from the emergent light dispersed by the grating, and enough space is provided for placing subsequent optical elements, and the specific angle is different according to specific structural parameters.
Furthermore, one polarization beam splitter can simultaneously obtain two linearly polarized light beams with mutually vertical vibration directions in the system, the resolving power is consistent with that of natural light, channel crosstalk does not exist, the structure is stable, and the light energy utilization rate is high.
Furthermore, some of the mentioned polarization beam splitters are formed by gluing a left sub-prism and a right sub-prism, the optical axis of the first sub-prism (i.e. the sub-prism where the light first reaches) is parallel to one side of the incident plane, when the light is vertically incident (i.e. normal incidence), the incident light is transmitted perpendicular to the optical axis, no deflection occurs in the transmission process, and the light reaches the glued plane.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an operating structure of an immersion grating;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on an immersion grating of the invention;
in fig. 1 to 2, 1 a substrate; 2, a prism; 3, grating; 4 a front optical system; 5 an entrance slit; 6, a collimating mirror; 7, immersion type grating; 8 polarization beam splitter; 9 a focusing lens; 10, a detector; 11 entrance pupil.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, a polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on an immersion grating of the invention includes: a front-end optical system 4, an entrance slit 5, a collimating mirror 6, an immersion grating 7, a polarizing beam splitter 8, a focusing lens 9 and a detector 10. The working principle of the immersion grating 7 selected by the invention is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a substrate 1, a prism 2 and a grating 3.
The incident light enters the front optical system 4 after passing through the entrance pupil 11, and the entrance pupil 11 is arranged at the front optical system 4; the front optical system 4 is provided in front of the entrance slit 5, and the incident light is incident on the entrance slit 5 via the front optical system 4. The entrance slit 5 is arranged in front of the collimating mirror 6, and the incident light can enter the collimating mirror 6 through the entrance slit 5; the immersion grating 7 is arranged behind the collimating mirror 6, and emergent light of the collimating mirror 6 can be incident into the immersion grating 7; the polarization beam splitters 8 are p-stage, and the number of polarization beam splitters 8 of each stage is 2p-1The value range of p is more than or equal to 1; the first-stage polarization beam splitter 8 is arranged on a light path of emergent light of the immersion grating 7, and the emergent light of the immersion grating 7 can be emitted into the first-stage polarization beam splitter 8; each polarization beam splitter 8 in the second to p-level is respectively and correspondingly arranged on the light path of each emergent light of the previous polarization beam splitter 8, and each polarization beam splitter 8 can receive a beam of emergent light of the previous polarization beam splitter 8; the number of the focusing lens 9 and the detector 10 are both 2PEach outgoing light beam of each polarization beam splitter 8 in the p-th polarization beam splitter 8 is respectively emitted into a detector 10 through a focusing lens 9, and the detector 10 is used for collecting information of the polarized light. The size of the entrance slit 5 is determined by the selected pixel size of the detector 10(CCD), and in order to ensure the imaging quality, the pixels are not overlapped, generally 0.8-0.9 of the pixel size. The immersion grating 7 is obliquely arranged along a plane perpendicular to the incident plane (a plane formed by the incident light and the normal), and the oblique angle range is 2-9 degrees; the purpose of the tilt angle is to separate incident light from the exit light dispersed by the grating, and to have enough space for placing subsequent optical elements, the specific angle is different according to specific structural parameters. The outgoing light from the immersion grating 7 is incident perpendicularly to the plane of incidence of the first-stage polarizing beam splitter 8. The refractive index of the immersion grating 7 is greater than 1. The polarizing beam splitter 8 is a Wollaston prism, a roman prism, a saxanmont prism, a glan prism or a Sarvart plate and a prism that can perform the same function.
Specifically, p has a value of 1; the polarization beam splitter is arranged on a light path of emergent light of the immersion grating, and the emergent light of the immersion grating can be incident into the polarization beam splitter; the incident plane of the polarization beam splitter is vertical to the main optical axis of the emergent light of the immersion grating; two vertical polarized light beams of the polarization beam splitter are respectively emitted into a detector through a focusing lens.
The light beam collimated by the preposed optical component or the preposed optical system in the imaging device of the invention is incident to the immersion grating prepared by the high-refractive-index material, the incident plane of the immersion grating is vertical to the main optical axis, and the immersion grating is inclined at a certain angle in the direction vertical to the incident plane (namely the plane formed by the incident light and the normal of the incident plane) (the value of the angle is that the incident light and the emergent light can be effectively separated, the subsequent optical component is convenient to install and place, but the space is not excessively wasted). The emergent light after being dispersed by the grating is incident to a polarization beam splitter, and the incident plane of the polarization beam splitter is vertical to the main optical axis of the emergent light of the immersion grating. The light is divided into two linearly polarized lights with mutually vertical vibration directions by a polarization beam splitter, and the two linearly polarized lights have spectrum and polarization information and respectively reach a detector through an imaging lens of a sub-optical path. To this end, the entire device can obtain a spectrally polarized image. The whole equipment of the invention is provided with the grating (capable of acquiring spectral information) and the polarization beam splitter (capable of acquiring polarization information), so that the polarization spectral information can be acquired at the same time; some spectrometers need to perform push-scanning or tuning on a moving part to realize the acquisition of spectrum signals in principle, and grating spectrometers are not needed; for a common grating spectrometer, the spectral resolution is positively correlated with the size, and in an application of realizing higher spectral resolution, the size of the grating is very large, while for an immersion grating, under the condition of realizing the same resolution, the linear size is 1/n of that of a common reflection grating, and the volume is 1/n ∧3, the size of the dispersion element is greatly reduced, and the sizes of the front optical element and the subsequent optical element which are matched with the dispersion element are also reduced, so that the high spectral resolution under small size and light weight is realized. The invention can be modularized, namely a polarization beam splitter 2 and a polarization beam splitter 3 are respectively arranged on the sub-optical paths of emergent light of the polarization beam splitter of the original optical path, and the included angle between the optical axes of the two polarization beam splitters and the vibration direction of the corresponding incident linearly polarized light is 45 degrees, so that the equipment can obtain four directions of 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degreesLinearly polarized light in the direction of the sun. Application occasions needing to obtain more polarization information of scene target，A group of polarization beam splitting elements and other devices can be added at the rear end of the polarization beam splitter, so that more polarization information of the target can be obtained.
The information acquisition principle of the invention is as follows:
the immersion grating principle was first proposed by Fraunhofer, Longhurst, who discussed immersion gratings in more detail. The earliest high-resolution immersion grating spectrometers, proposed by Hulthen, appeared for the first time in the astronomical work in the late 80 s, have significantly improved angular dispersion of the spectrum (increased dispersion angle) compared to conventional reflective gratings, and the grating size as a pupil also linearly decreases with decreasing focal length with the same relative aperture F/number, while still achieving the spectral resolution required by the index. The polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on the immersion grating comprises a front-end optical system, an incident slit, a collimating mirror, the immersion grating, a reflecting mirror and a polarization prism (polarization beam splitter). The entrance pupil is positioned at the front optical system, the light beam is incident from the front optical system and reaches the collimating mirror through the slit, the incident light beam is collimated, and the collimated light beam is incident to the immersion grating. The immersion grating is different from the ordinary reflective grating in that dispersion occurs inside a high refractive index medium, which can increase the dispersion power (spectral resolution) by n times (n is the refractive index of the medium). The light beams after dispersion and splitting are incident to a polarization beam splitter to respectively generate two linearly polarized light beams with mutually vertical vibration directions, namely S light and P light. Meanwhile, one light beam is divided into two sub-light paths after passing through the polarization beam splitter, and each sub-light path corresponds to S linearly polarized light and P linearly polarized light and is imaged on a detector through a focusing lens. Each detector can obtain full spectral information of the polarized beam. The invention can simultaneously obtain the spectral information of two linearly polarized lights with mutually vertical vibration directions. The polarization spectrum imaging system based on the immersion grating can simultaneously obtain two beams of polarized light with mutually vertical vibration directions in the system, the resolving power is consistent with that of natural light, channel crosstalk does not exist, the structure is stable, and the light energy utilization rate is high; the method can effectively utilize the difference of the spectrum and the polarization characteristics of the target and the background, obviously improve the accuracy of target detection and scene identification, and has higher detection and identification capabilities and more obvious advantages; the invention is of a 'modularized' design, and can add a group of polarization beam splitting elements and other devices at the rear end of the polarization beam splitter in the application occasion of obtaining more polarization information of a scene target, thereby obtaining more polarization information of the target. The polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on the immersion grating combines the important application value of polarization hyperspectral image information and many characteristics and unique advantages of the immersion grating, integrates multiple detection capabilities of hyperspectrum, polarization and image, and is small, light and free of moving parts. In conclusion, the polarization imaging spectrometer has high spectral resolution, can obtain a plurality of polarization state information simultaneously, and has the advantages of higher luminous flux, no channel crosstalk, small size, light weight and the like.
The parameters of the embodiment of the invention are as follows:
material of Immersion Grating (IG): the common materials are Si (the refractive index is about 3.4), Ge (the refractive index is about 4), Znse (the refractive index is about 2.4) and the like, the refractive index is expressed by n, and parameters are selected according to specific conditions and equipment design. Blaze angle: 63.5 degrees. Grating constant: d is 0.061982853 mm; the number of grooves: 16.1335 line pairs/mm. Front-end optical system: f38.2 mm, F/4, 2up0.075 ° × 0.375 °; slit: the width of the seam is 0.05mm, and the length is 0.25 mm; a collimating mirror: f'1128mm, F/4; a polarization beam splitter: a Wollaston prism; 2 focusing lenses: f'2128mm, F/4; the light beam collimated by the collimating mirror perpendicularly enters the IG, and in order to ensure that the light beam entering the IG is spatially separated from the light beam emitted after dispersion, the IG is inclined outwards by 2.7 degrees in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, namely in a direction perpendicular to the incident surface. The arrangement angle of the polarization beam splitter is perpendicular to the main optical axis.
Claims (5)
1. A polarized hyperspectral imaging apparatus based on an immersion grating, comprising: the device comprises an incident slit (5), a collimating mirror (6), an immersion grating (7), a polarization beam splitter (8), a focusing lens (9) and a detector (10);
the entrance slit (5) is arranged in front of the collimating mirror (6), and the incident light can enter the collimating mirror (6) through the entrance slit (5);
the immersion grating (7) is arranged behind the collimating mirror (6), and emergent light of the collimating mirror (6) can be emitted into the immersion grating (7);
the polarization beam splitters (8) are p-grade, and the number of the polarization beam splitters (8) of each grade is 2p-1The value range of p is more than or equal to 1;
the first-stage polarization beam splitter (8) is arranged on a light path of emergent light of the immersion grating (7), and the emergent light of the immersion grating (7) can be emitted into the first-stage polarization beam splitter (8); each polarization beam splitter (8) in the second to p-level is respectively and correspondingly arranged on the light path of each emergent light beam of the previous polarization beam splitter (8), and each polarization beam splitter (8) can receive one emergent light beam of the previous polarization beam splitter (8);
the number of the focusing lens (9) and the detector (10) is 2pEach outgoing light beam of each polarization beam splitter (8) in the p-th polarization beam splitter (8) is respectively emitted into a detector (10) through a focusing lens (9), and the detector (10) is used for collecting information of the polarized light;
the immersion grating (7) is obliquely arranged along the direction vertical to the incident plane, and the oblique angle ranges from 2 degrees to 9 degrees;
the refractive index of the immersion grating (7) is greater than 1;
further comprising: a front optical system (4);
the front optical system (4) is arranged in front of the entrance slit (5), and the incident light enters the entrance slit (5) through the front optical system (4);
the size of the entrance slit (5) is determined according to the selected pixel size of the detector (10), the pixels are not overlapped through the entrance slit (5), and the size of the entrance slit (5) is 0.8-0.9 times of the pixel size.
2. The immersion grating-based polarized hyperspectral imaging apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: an entrance pupil (11); the incident light passes through the entrance pupil (11) and enters the front optical system (4).
3. The immersion grating-based polarized hyperspectral imaging apparatus of claim 1, wherein p has a value of 1;
the polarization beam splitter (8) is arranged on the light path of the emergent light of the immersion grating (7), and the emergent light of the immersion grating (7) can be incident into the polarization beam splitter (8);
the incident plane of the polarization beam splitter (8) is vertical to the main optical axis of emergent light of the immersion grating (7);
two vertically polarized light beams of the polarization beam splitter (8) are respectively transmitted into a detector (10) through a focusing lens (9).
4. A polarized hyperspectral imaging apparatus based on immersion gratings according to any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the polarizing beam splitter (8) is a Wollaston prism, a rosart prism, a glamon prism, a glan prism or a Sarvart plate.
5. A polarized hyperspectral imaging apparatus based on immersion grating as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the emergent light from the immersion grating (7) is incident perpendicularly to the incident plane of the first order polarization beam splitter (8).
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| CN113252168A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-08-13 | 南京航空航天大学 | Polarization spectrum imaging system based on four-phase modulation |
| CN113932922B (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2024-04-26 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Polarization spectrum imaging system and method |
| CN118464191B (en) * | 2024-07-12 | 2024-10-01 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Space-time hybrid modulation spectrum polarization imaging device and method based on grating-crystal |
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| CN1926415A (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2007-03-07 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Optical analysis system using multivariate optical elements |
| CN102109379A (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2011-06-29 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Optical device for wide waveband plane grating dispersion type imaging spectrometer |
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