CN109186763B - A polarized hyperspectral imaging device based on immersion grating - Google Patents

A polarized hyperspectral imaging device based on immersion grating Download PDF

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CN109186763B
CN109186763B CN201811056913.XA CN201811056913A CN109186763B CN 109186763 B CN109186763 B CN 109186763B CN 201811056913 A CN201811056913 A CN 201811056913A CN 109186763 B CN109186763 B CN 109186763B
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beam splitter
polarization
immersion grating
light
incident
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CN109186763A (en
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唐茜
张淳民
穆廷魁
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/447Polarisation spectrometry
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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    • G01J3/0205Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于浸入式光栅的偏振超光谱成像装置,包括:入射狭缝、准直镜、浸入式光栅、偏振分束器、聚焦透镜和探测器;入射狭缝设置在准直镜前方;浸入式光栅设置在准直镜后方;偏振分束器为p级,每级偏振分束器的数量为2p‑1个,p的取值范围为大于等于1;第一级偏振分束器设置在浸入式光栅出射光的光路上;第二至p级中的每个偏振分束器分别对应设置在上一级偏振分束器的每束出射光的光路上;聚焦透镜和探测器的数量均为2p个,第p级偏振分束器中的每个偏振分束器的每束出射光分别经一个聚焦透镜射入一个探测器中。本发明解决了现有偏振光谱设备不能同时获取光谱偏振信息、存在运动部件以及高精度和轻量化矛盾的问题。

Figure 201811056913

The invention discloses a polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on an immersion grating, comprising: an incident slit, a collimating mirror, an immersion grating, a polarization beam splitter, a focusing lens and a detector; the incident slit is arranged on the collimating mirror Front; the immersion grating is set behind the collimating mirror; the polarization beam splitter is p-level, the number of polarization beam splitters in each stage is 2 p‑1 , and the value range of p is greater than or equal to 1; the first-level polarization splitter The beam splitter is arranged on the optical path of the outgoing light of the immersion grating; each polarizing beam splitter in the second to p stages is correspondingly arranged on the optical path of each outgoing light of the previous polarizing beam splitter; the focusing lens and the detection The number of the polarizing beam splitters is 2 p , and each outgoing light of each polarizing beam splitter in the p-th polarizing beam splitter is respectively injected into a detector through a focusing lens. The invention solves the problems that the existing polarization spectrum equipment cannot acquire spectral polarization information at the same time, there are moving parts, and the contradiction between high precision and light weight is solved.

Figure 201811056913

Description

Polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on immersion grating
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polarization spectrum information, and particularly relates to a polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on immersion Grating (IG Grating).
Background
At present, various technical schemes for acquiring polarization spectrum image information have been proposed through research at home and abroad, the main idea is to combine an imaging spectrum technology with a polarization measurement technology, and how to realize high resolution, self-adaptation and small and light weight is the research focus. The imaging spectrum technology can be roughly divided into three types of light filtering type, interference type and dispersion type according to the light splitting principle, and each type has advantages, disadvantages and application range.
The optical system of the polarization imaging spectrometer based on the light filtering type is provided with a light filtering element, the traditional method is a light filtering wheel and the like, moving parts are arranged in the scheme system, the number of spectrum channels is small, the spectrum resolution and the working efficiency are low, information is not obtained simultaneously, and the polarization imaging spectrometer is not suitable for detection occasions with spectrum and polarization changing rapidly. The AOTF (Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter) based polarization spectroscopy technology has the advantages of being electrically Tunable, freely selecting spectral bands and being high in resolution, but for the application requirement of ultra-fine spectroscopy, the spectral resolution capability is relatively low, and due to the constraint of the factors of the device, the light beam receiving angle and the system aperture angle are small, so that on one hand, the light energy utilization rate is low, and on the other hand, the subsequent optical system is not convenient to place.
The polarization imaging spectrometer based on the interference type is divided into a spatial modulation type and a time modulation type, and the spatial modulation type interference polarization imaging spectrometer has structures such as pupil division or aperture division in a system, so that light energy is dispersed, and the signal intensity is weak. The Fourier transform polarization imaging spectrometer is taken as a model of a time modulation type interference polarization imaging spectrometer, has high spectral resolution and wide spectral coverage range, is usually applied to various occasions, but the spectrometer is provided with a moving part, and the precision of a moving mirror is not easy to guarantee; for moving scene detection, the image quality is degraded, and it takes a long time to obtain an interference pattern of a scene.
The common dispersive elements of the devices based on the principle of spatial dispersion are prisms, gratings, etc. Because the grating has the characteristics of high resolution and wide spectrum range (from ultraviolet to infrared), the spectrometer applied to the aerospace field mostly adopts the light splitting element. However, the traditional grating spectrometer needs a large-size optical system to match with the grating spectrometer, and the problems of high precision and light weight are in conflict.
The existing polarization imaging spectrum devices are various, and each scheme has unique advantages and simultaneously has a plurality of inevitable problems, so that the urgent solution is as follows: the existing polarization spectrum equipment cannot acquire spectrum polarization information at the same time, and has the problems of moving parts and contradiction between high precision and light weight.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on an immersion grating, and aims to solve the problems that the existing polarization spectrum equipment cannot acquire spectrum polarization information simultaneously, moving parts exist, and the contradiction between high precision and light weight exists.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a polarized hyperspectral imaging apparatus based on an immersion grating comprising: the device comprises an incident slit, a collimating mirror, an immersion grating, a polarization beam splitter, a focusing lens and a detector; the entrance slit is arranged in front of the collimating mirrorIncident light can enter the collimating mirror through the incident slit; the immersion grating is arranged behind the collimating mirror, and emergent light of the collimating mirror can be incident into the immersion grating; the polarization beam splitters are p-stage, and the number of the polarization beam splitters in each stage is 2p-1The value range of p is more than or equal to 1; the first-stage polarization beam splitter is arranged on a light path of emergent light of the immersion grating, and the emergent light of the immersion grating can be emitted into the first-stage polarization beam splitter; each polarization beam splitter in the second to p-level is respectively and correspondingly arranged on the light path of each emergent light of the previous polarization beam splitter, and each polarization beam splitter can receive the emergent light of the previous polarization beam splitter; the number of the focusing lens and the detector are both 2pAnd each emergent light of each polarization beam splitter in the p-th polarization beam splitter is emitted into a detector through a focusing lens, and the detector is used for collecting information of the polarized light.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: a front optical system; the front optical system is arranged in front of the entrance slit, and the incident light enters the entrance slit through the front optical system.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: an entrance pupil; the incident light enters the front optical system after passing through the entrance pupil.
Furthermore, the size of the entrance slit is determined according to the selected size of the detector pixel, the entrance slit enables the pixels not to overlap, and the size of the pixels is 0.8-0.9.
Furthermore, the immersion grating is obliquely arranged along the direction vertical to the incident surface, and the oblique angle range is 2-9 degrees.
Further, the refractive index of the immersion grating is greater than 1.
Further, p has a value of 1; the polarization beam splitter is arranged on a light path of emergent light of the immersion grating, and the emergent light of the immersion grating can be incident into the polarization beam splitter; the incident plane of the polarization beam splitter is vertical to the main optical axis of the emergent light of the immersion grating; two vertical polarized light beams of the polarization beam splitter are respectively emitted into a detector through a focusing lens.
Further, the polarizing beam splitter is a Wollaston prism, a roman prism, a saanermon prism, a glan prism, or a Sarvart plate.
Furthermore, the emergent light of the immersion grating vertically enters the incident plane of the first-stage polarization beam splitter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on the immersion grating, light beams of different wave bands are obtained through the immersion grating, moving parts do not need to be arranged, and detection accuracy can be improved; the immersion grating has stronger dispersion capability, can obtain larger resolution ratio only by smaller volume, and can solve the contradiction problem of high precision and light weight at present; the invention can effectively utilize the difference of the spectrum and the polarization characteristics of the target and the background, obviously improve the accuracy of target detection and scene identification and has higher detection and identification capability; the polarization beam splitter can simultaneously obtain the information of the multiple beams of polarized light, and is suitable for detection occasions with rapid changes of spectra and polarization. The polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on the immersion grating combines the important application value of polarization hyperspectral image information and many characteristics and unique advantages of the immersion grating, integrates various detection capabilities of hyperspectrum, polarization and image, and is small, light and free of moving parts; the optical fiber polarization state sensor has high spectral resolution, can acquire a plurality of polarization state information simultaneously, and has the advantages of high luminous flux, no channel crosstalk, small size, light weight and the like. The imaging device is provided with the grating, so that spectral information can be acquired; the polarization beam splitter is also arranged to obtain polarization information; therefore, polarization spectrum information can be obtained simultaneously; some existing spectrometers need moving parts to perform push-broom or tuning and the like to realize collection of spectrum signals in principle, and grating spectrometers do not need moving parts; for a common grating spectrometer, the spectral resolution is positively correlated with the size, in the application of realizing higher spectral resolution, the size of the grating is very large, while the immersion grating has the linear size of 1/n of that of the common reflection grating and the volume of 1/n ^ 3 under the condition of realizing the same resolution, so that the size of a dispersion element is greatly reduced, and the sizes of a front optical element and a subsequent optical element matched with the dispersion element are also reduced, thereby realizing the high spectral resolution under small size and light weight.
Further, the quality of the light incident on the IG can be optimized by providing a pre-optical system and an entrance pupil.
Furthermore, the immersion grating is arranged in an inclined manner along a direction perpendicular to the incident surface, the incident surface is a plane formed by incident light and a normal, the inclined angle is used for separating the incident light from the emergent light dispersed by the grating, and enough space is provided for placing subsequent optical elements, and the specific angle is different according to specific structural parameters.
Furthermore, one polarization beam splitter can simultaneously obtain two linearly polarized light beams with mutually vertical vibration directions in the system, the resolving power is consistent with that of natural light, channel crosstalk does not exist, the structure is stable, and the light energy utilization rate is high.
Furthermore, some of the mentioned polarization beam splitters are formed by gluing a left sub-prism and a right sub-prism, the optical axis of the first sub-prism (i.e. the sub-prism where the light first reaches) is parallel to one side of the incident plane, when the light is vertically incident (i.e. normal incidence), the incident light is transmitted perpendicular to the optical axis, no deflection occurs in the transmission process, and the light reaches the glued plane.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an operating structure of an immersion grating;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on an immersion grating of the invention;
in fig. 1 to 2, 1 a substrate; 2, a prism; 3, grating; 4 a front optical system; 5 an entrance slit; 6, a collimating mirror; 7, immersion type grating; 8 polarization beam splitter; 9 a focusing lens; 10, a detector; 11 entrance pupil.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, a polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on an immersion grating of the invention includes: a front-end optical system 4, an entrance slit 5, a collimating mirror 6, an immersion grating 7, a polarizing beam splitter 8, a focusing lens 9 and a detector 10. The working principle of the immersion grating 7 selected by the invention is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a substrate 1, a prism 2 and a grating 3.
The incident light enters the front optical system 4 after passing through the entrance pupil 11, and the entrance pupil 11 is arranged at the front optical system 4; the front optical system 4 is provided in front of the entrance slit 5, and the incident light is incident on the entrance slit 5 via the front optical system 4. The entrance slit 5 is arranged in front of the collimating mirror 6, and the incident light can enter the collimating mirror 6 through the entrance slit 5; the immersion grating 7 is arranged behind the collimating mirror 6, and emergent light of the collimating mirror 6 can be incident into the immersion grating 7; the polarization beam splitters 8 are p-stage, and the number of polarization beam splitters 8 of each stage is 2p-1The value range of p is more than or equal to 1; the first-stage polarization beam splitter 8 is arranged on a light path of emergent light of the immersion grating 7, and the emergent light of the immersion grating 7 can be emitted into the first-stage polarization beam splitter 8; each polarization beam splitter 8 in the second to p-level is respectively and correspondingly arranged on the light path of each emergent light of the previous polarization beam splitter 8, and each polarization beam splitter 8 can receive a beam of emergent light of the previous polarization beam splitter 8; the number of the focusing lens 9 and the detector 10 are both 2PEach outgoing light beam of each polarization beam splitter 8 in the p-th polarization beam splitter 8 is respectively emitted into a detector 10 through a focusing lens 9, and the detector 10 is used for collecting information of the polarized light. The size of the entrance slit 5 is determined by the selected pixel size of the detector 10(CCD), and in order to ensure the imaging quality, the pixels are not overlapped, generally 0.8-0.9 of the pixel size. The immersion grating 7 is obliquely arranged along a plane perpendicular to the incident plane (a plane formed by the incident light and the normal), and the oblique angle range is 2-9 degrees; the purpose of the tilt angle is to separate incident light from the exit light dispersed by the grating, and to have enough space for placing subsequent optical elements, the specific angle is different according to specific structural parameters. The outgoing light from the immersion grating 7 is incident perpendicularly to the plane of incidence of the first-stage polarizing beam splitter 8. The refractive index of the immersion grating 7 is greater than 1. The polarizing beam splitter 8 is a Wollaston prism, a roman prism, a saxanmont prism, a glan prism or a Sarvart plate and a prism that can perform the same function.
Specifically, p has a value of 1; the polarization beam splitter is arranged on a light path of emergent light of the immersion grating, and the emergent light of the immersion grating can be incident into the polarization beam splitter; the incident plane of the polarization beam splitter is vertical to the main optical axis of the emergent light of the immersion grating; two vertical polarized light beams of the polarization beam splitter are respectively emitted into a detector through a focusing lens.
The light beam collimated by the preposed optical component or the preposed optical system in the imaging device of the invention is incident to the immersion grating prepared by the high-refractive-index material, the incident plane of the immersion grating is vertical to the main optical axis, and the immersion grating is inclined at a certain angle in the direction vertical to the incident plane (namely the plane formed by the incident light and the normal of the incident plane) (the value of the angle is that the incident light and the emergent light can be effectively separated, the subsequent optical component is convenient to install and place, but the space is not excessively wasted). The emergent light after being dispersed by the grating is incident to a polarization beam splitter, and the incident plane of the polarization beam splitter is vertical to the main optical axis of the emergent light of the immersion grating. The light is divided into two linearly polarized lights with mutually vertical vibration directions by a polarization beam splitter, and the two linearly polarized lights have spectrum and polarization information and respectively reach a detector through an imaging lens of a sub-optical path. To this end, the entire device can obtain a spectrally polarized image. The whole equipment of the invention is provided with the grating (capable of acquiring spectral information) and the polarization beam splitter (capable of acquiring polarization information), so that the polarization spectral information can be acquired at the same time; some spectrometers need to perform push-scanning or tuning on a moving part to realize the acquisition of spectrum signals in principle, and grating spectrometers are not needed; for a common grating spectrometer, the spectral resolution is positively correlated with the size, and in an application of realizing higher spectral resolution, the size of the grating is very large, while for an immersion grating, under the condition of realizing the same resolution, the linear size is 1/n of that of a common reflection grating, and the volume is 1/n 3, the size of the dispersion element is greatly reduced, and the sizes of the front optical element and the subsequent optical element which are matched with the dispersion element are also reduced, so that the high spectral resolution under small size and light weight is realized. The invention can be modularized, namely a polarization beam splitter 2 and a polarization beam splitter 3 are respectively arranged on the sub-optical paths of emergent light of the polarization beam splitter of the original optical path, and the included angle between the optical axes of the two polarization beam splitters and the vibration direction of the corresponding incident linearly polarized light is 45 degrees, so that the equipment can obtain four directions of 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degreesLinearly polarized light in the direction of the sun. Application occasions needing to obtain more polarization information of scene targetA group of polarization beam splitting elements and other devices can be added at the rear end of the polarization beam splitter, so that more polarization information of the target can be obtained.
The information acquisition principle of the invention is as follows:
the immersion grating principle was first proposed by Fraunhofer, Longhurst, who discussed immersion gratings in more detail. The earliest high-resolution immersion grating spectrometers, proposed by Hulthen, appeared for the first time in the astronomical work in the late 80 s, have significantly improved angular dispersion of the spectrum (increased dispersion angle) compared to conventional reflective gratings, and the grating size as a pupil also linearly decreases with decreasing focal length with the same relative aperture F/number, while still achieving the spectral resolution required by the index. The polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on the immersion grating comprises a front-end optical system, an incident slit, a collimating mirror, the immersion grating, a reflecting mirror and a polarization prism (polarization beam splitter). The entrance pupil is positioned at the front optical system, the light beam is incident from the front optical system and reaches the collimating mirror through the slit, the incident light beam is collimated, and the collimated light beam is incident to the immersion grating. The immersion grating is different from the ordinary reflective grating in that dispersion occurs inside a high refractive index medium, which can increase the dispersion power (spectral resolution) by n times (n is the refractive index of the medium). The light beams after dispersion and splitting are incident to a polarization beam splitter to respectively generate two linearly polarized light beams with mutually vertical vibration directions, namely S light and P light. Meanwhile, one light beam is divided into two sub-light paths after passing through the polarization beam splitter, and each sub-light path corresponds to S linearly polarized light and P linearly polarized light and is imaged on a detector through a focusing lens. Each detector can obtain full spectral information of the polarized beam. The invention can simultaneously obtain the spectral information of two linearly polarized lights with mutually vertical vibration directions. The polarization spectrum imaging system based on the immersion grating can simultaneously obtain two beams of polarized light with mutually vertical vibration directions in the system, the resolving power is consistent with that of natural light, channel crosstalk does not exist, the structure is stable, and the light energy utilization rate is high; the method can effectively utilize the difference of the spectrum and the polarization characteristics of the target and the background, obviously improve the accuracy of target detection and scene identification, and has higher detection and identification capabilities and more obvious advantages; the invention is of a 'modularized' design, and can add a group of polarization beam splitting elements and other devices at the rear end of the polarization beam splitter in the application occasion of obtaining more polarization information of a scene target, thereby obtaining more polarization information of the target. The polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on the immersion grating combines the important application value of polarization hyperspectral image information and many characteristics and unique advantages of the immersion grating, integrates multiple detection capabilities of hyperspectrum, polarization and image, and is small, light and free of moving parts. In conclusion, the polarization imaging spectrometer has high spectral resolution, can obtain a plurality of polarization state information simultaneously, and has the advantages of higher luminous flux, no channel crosstalk, small size, light weight and the like.
The parameters of the embodiment of the invention are as follows:
material of Immersion Grating (IG): the common materials are Si (the refractive index is about 3.4), Ge (the refractive index is about 4), Znse (the refractive index is about 2.4) and the like, the refractive index is expressed by n, and parameters are selected according to specific conditions and equipment design. Blaze angle: 63.5 degrees. Grating constant: d is 0.061982853 mm; the number of grooves: 16.1335 line pairs/mm. Front-end optical system: f38.2 mm, F/4, 2up0.075 ° × 0.375 °; slit: the width of the seam is 0.05mm, and the length is 0.25 mm; a collimating mirror: f'1128mm, F/4; a polarization beam splitter: a Wollaston prism; 2 focusing lenses: f'2128mm, F/4; the light beam collimated by the collimating mirror perpendicularly enters the IG, and in order to ensure that the light beam entering the IG is spatially separated from the light beam emitted after dispersion, the IG is inclined outwards by 2.7 degrees in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface, namely in a direction perpendicular to the incident surface. The arrangement angle of the polarization beam splitter is perpendicular to the main optical axis.

Claims (5)

1.一种基于浸入式光栅的偏振超光谱成像装置,其特征在于,包括:入射狭缝(5)、准直镜(6)、浸入式光栅(7)、偏振分束器(8)、聚焦透镜(9)和探测器(10);1. A polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on an immersion grating, characterized in that it comprises: an incident slit (5), a collimating mirror (6), an immersion grating (7), a polarization beam splitter (8), a focusing lens (9) and a detector (10); 入射狭缝(5)设置在准直镜(6)前方,入射光经入射狭缝(5)能够入射入准直镜(6);The incident slit (5) is arranged in front of the collimating mirror (6), and the incident light can enter the collimating mirror (6) through the incident slit (5); 浸入式光栅(7)设置在准直镜(6)后方,准直镜(6)的出射光能够射入浸入式光栅(7);The immersion grating (7) is arranged behind the collimating mirror (6), and the outgoing light of the collimating mirror (6) can enter the immersion grating (7); 偏振分束器(8)为p级,每级偏振分束器(8)的数量为2p-1个,p的取值范围为大于等于1;The polarizing beam splitter (8) is of p-level, the number of polarizing beam splitters (8) in each level is 2 p-1 , and the value range of p is greater than or equal to 1; 第一级偏振分束器(8)设置在浸入式光栅(7)出射光的光路上,浸入式光栅(7)的出射光能够射入第一级偏振分束器(8);第二至p级中的每个偏振分束器(8)分别对应设置在上一级偏振分束器(8)的每束出射光的光路上,每个偏振分束器(8)均能够接收到一束上一级偏振分束器(8)的出射光;The first-stage polarizing beam splitter (8) is arranged on the optical path of the outgoing light from the immersion grating (7), and the outgoing light from the immersion grating (7) can enter the first-stage polarizing beam splitter (8); the second to Each polarization beam splitter (8) in the p stage is correspondingly arranged on the optical path of each outgoing light of the previous stage polarization beam splitter (8), and each polarization beam splitter (8) can receive a the outgoing light of the upper-stage polarization beam splitter (8); 聚焦透镜(9)和探测器(10)的数量均为2p个,第p级偏振分束器(8)中的每个偏振分束器(8)的每束出射光分别经一个聚焦透镜(9)射入一个探测器(10)中,探测器(10)用于收集偏振光的信息;The number of focusing lenses (9) and detectors (10) are both 2p, and each outgoing light of each polarizing beam splitter (8) in the p -th polarizing beam splitter (8) passes through a focusing lens respectively (9) injecting into a detector (10), the detector (10) is used to collect polarized light information; 浸入式光栅(7)沿垂直于入射平面的方向倾斜设置,倾斜的角度范围为2°~9°;The immersion grating (7) is tilted along the direction perpendicular to the incident plane, and the tilt angle ranges from 2° to 9°; 浸入式光栅(7)的折射率大于1;The refractive index of the immersion grating (7) is greater than 1; 还包括:前置光学系统(4);Also includes: front optical system (4); 前置光学系统(4)设置在入射狭缝(5)前方,入射光经前置光学系统(4)射入入射狭缝(5);The front optical system (4) is arranged in front of the incident slit (5), and the incident light enters the incident slit (5) through the front optical system (4); 入射狭缝(5)的尺寸根据选择的探测器(10)像元尺寸决定,入射狭缝(5)使得像元之间不发生重叠,入射狭缝(5)的尺寸为像元尺寸的0.8~0.9倍。The size of the incident slit (5) is determined according to the pixel size of the selected detector (10). The incident slit (5) makes no overlap between the pixels, and the size of the incident slit (5) is 0.8 of the pixel size. ~0.9 times. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于浸入式光栅的偏振超光谱成像装置,其特征在于,还包括:入瞳(11);入射光穿过入瞳(11)后射入前置光学系统(4)。2 . The polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on immersion grating according to claim 1 , further comprising: an entrance pupil ( 11 ); the incident light passes through the entrance pupil ( 11 ) and then enters the front optics system (4). 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于浸入式光栅的偏振超光谱成像装置,其特征在于,p的值为1;3. a kind of polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on immersion grating according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the value of p is 1; 偏振分束器(8)设置在浸入式光栅(7)出射光的光路上,浸入式光栅(7)的出射光能够射入偏振分束器(8);The polarizing beam splitter (8) is arranged on the optical path of the outgoing light of the immersion grating (7), and the outgoing light of the immersion grating (7) can enter the polarizing beam splitter (8); 偏振分束器(8)的入射平面垂直于浸入式光栅(7)出射光的主光轴设置;The incident plane of the polarizing beam splitter (8) is perpendicular to the main optical axis of the outgoing light of the immersion grating (7); 偏振分束器(8)的两束垂直的偏振光束分别经过一个聚焦透镜(9)射入一个探测器(10)中。The two vertical polarized beams of the polarizing beam splitter (8) are respectively injected into a detector (10) through a focusing lens (9). 4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的一种基于浸入式光栅的偏振超光谱成像装置,其特征在于,偏振分束器(8)为Wollaston棱镜、罗雄棱镜、赛拿蒙棱镜、格兰棱镜或Sarvart板。4. The immersion grating-based polarization hyperspectral imaging device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the polarization beam splitter (8) is a Wollaston prism, a Roschon prism, a Sennamon Prisms, Glan prisms or Sarvart plates. 5.根据权利要求4所述的一种基于浸入式光栅的偏振超光谱成像装置,其特征在于,浸入式光栅(7)的出射光垂直射入第一级偏振分束器(8)的入射平面。5 . The polarization hyperspectral imaging device based on the immersion grating according to claim 4 , wherein the outgoing light of the immersion grating ( 7 ) vertically enters the incident light of the first-stage polarization beam splitter ( 8 ). 6 . flat.
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