CN113252168A - Polarization spectrum imaging system based on four-phase modulation - Google Patents
Polarization spectrum imaging system based on four-phase modulation Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0224—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using polarising or depolarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2803—Investigating the spectrum using photoelectric array detector
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/447—Polarisation spectrometry
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polarization spectrum imaging system based on four-phase modulation, which consists of a front telescope system and a spectrum polarization imaging system. When the light beam enters the slit through the front telescope system, the light beam reaches the immersion grating through the catadioptric lens to be dispersed, then is reflected to the catadioptric lens to reach the phase modulator, and then reaches the area array detector through the phase modulator. The phase modulators are arranged in an array on the same plane by four phase modulators in different directions, which are respectively 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees. The polarization spectrum imaging system based on four-phase modulation can simultaneously acquire the polarization, spectrum, space and other multivariate information of a detected target, has no mechanical moving part, effectively improves the target identification degree under a complex background, has a compact structure, and is suitable for space technology application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of spectral imaging and polarization remote sensing, in particular to a polarization spectral imaging system based on four-phase modulation.
Background
The conventional photoelectric imaging detection technique detects an object based on the difference in the intensity values of reflected or radiated light waves of the object and the background, and is almost ineffective when the background is cluttered or the object is camouflaged. The polarization characteristic of light is a physical quantity that can characterize the nature of an object, an artificial target on the earth's surface and in the atmosphere, and the surface of the artificial target always reflects or radiates certain electromagnetic waves. Natural objects have a rough surface compared to man-made objects, and their degree of linear polarization of radiated or reflected electromagnetic waves is almost zero. By utilizing the difference, the polarization technology can effectively improve the contrast ratio of the moving target and the background, and the artificial target is brighter and the natural object is darker in the polarization parameter images such as linear polarization degree, polarization angle and the like, so that great convenience is brought to target detection and identification.
The spectral imaging can reflect the chemical composition characteristics and the spatial distribution characteristics. The polarization imaging technology reflects the corresponding physical properties of the target, and also comprises surface texture, edge information, surface roughness and the like. The spectral polarization imaging technology is a novel optical detection technology which can integrate the spectral technology, the polarization technology and the imaging technology, a spectral polarization imager can well improve the information quantity obtained by optical remote sensing detection, and a spectral polarization image has very high spatial resolution and spectral resolution and contains polarization information, so that the spectral polarization imaging technology has an important position and wide application in the field of remote sensing detection.
However, at present, fewer airborne and satellite-borne spectrum polarization instruments are used, polarization acquisition is basically realized based on mechanical moving parts, polarization and spectrum information cannot be acquired simultaneously, the complexity of the instrument is increased, and the stability and reliability are reduced. Therefore, there is a need to provide a new polarization spectrum imaging system based on four-phase modulation to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a polarization spectrum imaging system based on four-phase modulation, which can simultaneously acquire polarization and spectrum image information, and is suitable for detection and identification of a moving object.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a polarization spectrum imaging system based on four-phase modulation mainly comprises: the target light beam reaches the slit 3 through the front telescope system, reaches the catadioptric lens 4 through the slit 3, is refracted through refraction and reflection and then reaches the immersion grating 5 for dispersion and splitting, then reaches the catadioptric lens 4 through reflection and then reaches the phase modulator 6 through refraction and reflection, and then reaches the area array detector 7 through the phase modulator 6 for imaging.
The front telescope system comprises a reflector 1 as a main mirror of the front optical system, a target light beam is reflected to a reflector 2 through the reflector 1, and the light beam is converged to a slit 3 through the reflector 2.
The phase modulator is a plurality of polarization units which are formed by four phase modulators and arranged in an array, and the polarization units are respectively a polarizing plate in four directions of 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees, and light beams simultaneously pass through the four polarizing plates to form images in four polarization directions.
The area array detector may be in the form of a plurality of detector groups each comprising four small area array detectors, each corresponding to a polarizer in one direction. By collecting the images of the 4 area array detectors, polarization information, spectrum information, space information and the like in four directions can be obtained simultaneously, and a basis is provided for improving the target discrimination rate. The area array detector can be an integral body, the four directional polaroids which are arranged in a square shape respectively correspond to four pixels on the area array detector, and the four directional polaroids which are arranged in the square shape correspond to each pixel and are periodically distributed.
According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the steps that an image data set received by a detector contains spectral images under four polarization angles of all wave bands at the same time, and four polarization angle images under the same wavelength provide more information for subsequent target detection.
The polarization state is typically represented using the Stokes vector:
in the formula, S0: the total light intensity; s1: the difference between the light intensity component in the horizontal polarization direction and the light intensity component in the vertical polarization direction; s2: the difference between the light intensity component with the polarization direction of 45 degrees and the light intensity component with the polarization direction of 135 degrees; s3: the difference between the left-handed polarized light intensity component and the right-handed polarized light intensity component. If the incident light is fully polarized, S0 2＝S1 2+S2 2+S3 2(ii) a If it is partially polarized light, 0 < S1 2+S2 2+S3 2＜S0 2(ii) a If unpolarized, S1 2+S2 2+S3 2＝0。
The Stokes vector can also be represented by another set of symbols (I, Q, U, V)TRepresentation, its physical meaning and the calculation method of each parameter are equal (S)0,S1,S2,S3)TCorrespond to, i.e.
Where I denotes the intensity of the scattered light and Q, U, V denote physical quantities of polarization states.
After the incident light passes through an optical device, the Stokes vector of the incident light is Sin＝[I Q U V]Is changed into Sout＝[I′ Q′ U′ V′]The two vectors are linked by a 4 × 4 Mueller matrix (Mueller matrix) M:
is provided with
M represents the light conversion effect of the optical element. Linear phase retarders (/4 wave plates,/2 wave plates, etc.) and polarizers are optical elements commonly used in polarization measurement systems.
The mueller matrix of the polarizer with the transmission axis angled with respect to the x-direction is:
the fast axis and the x axis are coincident, and the Mueller matrix of the wave plate with the phase delay is as follows:
in the formula (II)
(m is an integer) is a/4 wave plate, and when phi is (2m +1) pi is a/2 wave plate.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the polarization spectrum imaging system based on four-phase modulation provided by the invention adopts the phase modulator to realize the modulation and acquisition of polarization, has no mechanical moving part, and has low power consumption and small volume.
The invention can simultaneously acquire the polarization spectrum images of four phases, can better detect and identify the moving target, and is suitable for the requirements of different platforms such as airborne platforms, satellite-borne platforms and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a phase modulator and an area array detector set in this system in a manner 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the phase modulator and area array detector set in this system in mode 2.
In the figure: 1. a first reflector; 2. a second reflector; 3. a slit; 4. a catadioptric lens; 5. an immersion grating; 6. a phase modulator; 7. an area array detector.
Detailed Description
The polarization spectrum imaging system based on four-phase modulation disclosed in the embodiment includes, as shown in fig. 1, the following specific steps:
a target light beam reaches a slit 3 through a front telescope system and reaches a catadioptric lens 4 through the slit 3, the light beam reaches an immersion grating 5 through refraction, reflection and re-refraction, then reaches the catadioptric lens 4 through reflection and re-refraction, then reaches a phase modulator 6 through refraction, reflection and re-refraction, and finally reaches an area array detector 7 for imaging after passing through the phase modulator 6.
The front telescope system comprises a reflector 1 as a main mirror of the front optical system, a target light beam is reflected to a reflector 2 through the reflector 1, and the light beam is converged to a slit 3 through the reflector 2.
The phase modulator is a plurality of polarization units which are formed by four phase modulators and arranged in an array, and the polarization units are respectively a polarizing plate in four directions of 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees, and light beams simultaneously pass through the four polarizing plates to form images in four polarization directions.
Example 1
The area array detector may be in the form of a plurality of detector groups each comprising four small area array detectors, each corresponding to a polarizer in one direction. By collecting the images of the 4 area array detectors, polarization information, spectrum information, spatial information and the like in four directions can be obtained simultaneously, and a basis is provided for improving the target discrimination rate, as shown in fig. 2.
Example 2
The area array detector can also be in the form that the area array detector is a whole, four directional polaroids arranged in a square shape respectively correspond to four pixels on the area array detector, and the four directional polaroids are periodically distributed corresponding to each pixel in the square shape, as shown in fig. 3.
According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the steps that an image data set received by a detector contains spectral images under four polarization angles of all wave bands at the same time, and four polarization angle images under the same wavelength provide more information for subsequent target detection.
The polarization state is typically represented using the Stokes vector:
in the formula, S0: the total light intensity; s1: the difference between the light intensity component in the horizontal polarization direction and the light intensity component in the vertical polarization direction; s2: the difference between the light intensity component with the polarization direction of 45 degrees and the light intensity component with the polarization direction of 135 degrees; s3: the difference between the left-handed polarized light intensity component and the right-handed polarized light intensity component. If the incident light is fully polarized, S0 2＝S1 2+S2 2+S3 2(ii) a If it is partially polarized light, 0 < S1 2+S2 2+S3 2＜S0 2(ii) a If unpolarized, S1 2+S2 2+S3 2＝0。
The Stokes vector can also be represented by another set of symbols (I, Q, U, V)TRepresentation, its physical meaning and the calculation method of each parameter are equal (S)0,S1,S2,S3)TCorrespond to, i.e.
Where I denotes the intensity of the scattered light and Q, U, V denote physical quantities of polarization states.
After the incident light passes through an optical device, the Stokes vector of the incident light is Sin＝[I Q U V]Is changed into Sout＝[I′ Q′ U′ V′]The two vectors are linked by a 4 × 4 Mueller matrix (Mueller matrix) M:
is provided with
M represents the light conversion effect of the optical element. Linear phase retarders (/4 wave plates,/2 wave plates, etc.) and polarizers are optical elements commonly used in polarization measurement systems.
The mueller matrix of the polarizer with the transmission axis angled with respect to the x-direction is:
the fast axis and the x axis are coincident, and the Mueller matrix of the wave plate with the phase delay is as follows:
in the formula (II)
(m is an integer) is a/4 wave plate, and when phi is (2m +1) pi is a/2 wave plate.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A polarization spectrum imaging system based on four-phase modulation is characterized in that: the imaging system comprises a front telescope system, a slit (3), a reflecting lens (4), an immersion grating (5), a phase modulator (6) and an area array detector module (7); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the front telescope system and the reflecting lens (4) are respectively positioned at two sides of the slit (3), and the target light beam reaches the slit (3) through the front telescope system and reaches the catadioptric lens (4) through the slit (3); an immersion grating (5) and a phase modulator (6) are arranged on the same side of the reflecting lens (4), and light beams are refracted, reflected and refracted to reach the immersion grating (5), reflected to reach the catadioptric lens (4) again, refracted and reflected to reach the phase modulator (6);
the phase modulator (6) is connected with the area array detector module (7), and light beams reach the area array detector module (7) for imaging after passing through the phase modulator (6).
2. The polarization spectrum imaging system based on the four-phase modulation of claim 1, wherein: the front telescope system is an off-axis two-mirror structure and comprises at least 2 reflectors, and target light beams are reflected to the second reflector (2) through the first reflector (1) and converged to the slit (3) through the second reflector (2).
3. The polarization spectrum imaging system based on the four-phase modulation of claim 1, wherein: the phase modulator (6) comprises a plurality of polarization units which are formed by four phase modulators and arranged in an array, each phase modulator is a polarizing film in four directions of 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees, and light beams simultaneously pass through the four polarizing films to form images in the four polarization directions.
4. The polarization spectrum imaging system based on the four-phase modulation of claim 1, wherein: the area array detector module (7) is in the following form:
the area array detector module comprises a plurality of detector groups consisting of at least four area array detectors, each area array detector corresponds to a polarization unit in one direction, and images of 4 area array detectors are acquired.
5. The polarization spectrum imaging system based on the four-phase modulation as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the area array detector module (7) is in the following form:
the area array detector module is a whole, the polarization units are square, each polarization unit corresponds to four pixels on the area array detector module respectively, and each pixel is periodically distributed in a square mode.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN113701885A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-26 | 长春理工大学 | Off-axis three-mirror full-spectrum-band polarization spectrum imaging detection device |
| CN113932922A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2022-01-14 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Polarization spectrum imaging system and method |
| CN115597710A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2023-01-13 | 长春理工大学（Cn） | Microlens array module integrated field of view polarization imaging spectrometer system and imaging method |
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