CN103472592A - Snapping type high-flux polarization imaging method and polarization imager - Google Patents
Snapping type high-flux polarization imaging method and polarization imager Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a snapping type high-flux polarization imaging method and a polarization imager. The polarization imager comprises a front optical imaging system, a microlens array and an array type polarization imaging detector. The microlens array is arranged on the imaging face of the front optical imaging system. The array type polarization imaging detector is arranged on the focal plane of the front optical imaging system. The array type polarization imaging detector is composed of a CCD detector array and a linear polarizing film array in a coupled mode. Each linear polarizing film corresponds to a CCD detector pixel. Light emitted or reflected by a target in different directions passes through the front optical imaging system and is imaged on a certain microlens. The received light in the different directions of the target is distributed to the pixels of the array type polarization imaging detector through the microlenses so that sub images can be formed and finally an image, at each polarizing angle, of the target is obtained. The polarization imager has the advantages that the images at the multiple polarizing angles of the target can be obtained through exposure conducted at a time and can be used for monitoring and tracking the rapidly-changing or moving target.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical imaging technology, in particular to a polarized imaging method and a polarized imager for realizing picture-in-picture photographing by utilizing a light field imaging technology based on a micro lens array and an array type polarized imaging detector.
Background
The polarization imaging technology is the basis for obtaining the polarization information of a target image and is the premise of analyzing and identifying a target by utilizing polarization characteristics. At present, polarization detection and analysis technologies at home and abroad are mainly based on a Stokes (Stokes) vector analysis method, polarization information detection based on the method needs to acquire at least three polarization angle images of a target, and polarization imaging technologies are mainly divided into a staring type and a snapshot type according to different modes of acquiring the polarization images of the target by various detection systems. The staring type polarization imaging technology realizes the acquisition of a plurality of polarization angle images of a target by switching a polarization element, needs to stare at the target for a certain time to obtain different polarization image information by multiple exposures, requires the target to be detected and an instrument to be relatively static, has higher requirements on the alignment of image elements, and is not suitable for the detection of moving or changing targets.
The snapshot type polarization imaging technology is used for simultaneously acquiring image information of a plurality of polarization angles of a target in one exposure, and has an advantage in the aspect of detecting moving or changing targets. The technology is mainly divided into: amplitude division, image plane division, and aperture division. The amplitude division scheme is that incident light is divided by a light splitting element, passes through different polarizing plates and is received by corresponding detectors, and the technology adopts a plurality of polarization imaging systems, so that the cost is high, the size is large, and the miniaturization is difficult. With the development of micromachining technology, an image plane division method has appeared, which couples a polarizer array in front of a focal plane detector and directly images a target, and the technology has instantaneous field offset, and the accuracy of polarization information is affected. The aperture division method is to form a plurality of target projection images by using a subsequent optical system, and to enable each image to be received by a detector after passing through different polarizing films, so as to realize the detection of a plurality of polarization state information.
In recent years, a new type of computational imaging technology, namely, an optical field imaging technology, has been internationally raised, and the technology can simultaneously record two-dimensional spatial distribution information of a target and two-dimensional directional information of geometric ray propagation by adding a demodulation unit to a conventional optical imaging system, can extract the target information under different directional angles, namely, two-dimensional light intensity distribution of a target object, and has great advantages in information acquisition.
Document [1] (r.horstmeyer and et al, "Flexible multimodal camera using a light field imaging technology," International Conference on Computational optics (2009)) uses an aperture array as a modulation element of a light field imaging technology, places a multimode filter array at a pupil of a front optical system, and acquires image information of different polarization angles of a target by one-shot shooting. However, this technique has the following disadvantages: the small hole array has low luminous flux, increases the exposure time and cannot be applied to a target which is changed or moved rapidly; the physical diffraction light spot of the small hole array is large, and the utilization rate of the detector pixel is low.
Document [2] (j.type, "Hybrid division of interference/division of a focal-plane polarization image and out of an orthogonal polarization field-of-view error," Optics Letter,31(20), 2006) uses two microlens arrays to secondary image the image on the imaging plane of the front optical system on the array polarization imaging detector, and obtains the image information of different polarization angles of the target in real time. However, this technique has the following disadvantages: image crosstalk exists between adjacent pixels; with two microlens arrays, the system complexity increases.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method and the polarization imager realize the purpose of acquiring the image information of a plurality of polarization angles of a target by taking a picture at one time, and are applied to monitoring and tracking of a rapidly changing or moving target.
The invention provides a snapshot-type high-flux polarization imager which comprises a light field imaging mechanism based on a micro-lens array and an array type polarization imaging detector, wherein the light field imaging mechanism comprises a front-mounted optical imaging system of an imaging system and the micro-lens array. The front optical imaging system consists of more than one lens; the micro lens array is used as a light field modulation unit and is arranged on an imaging surface of the front optical imaging system; the array type polarization imaging detector is arranged on a focal plane of the micro lens array to form a light field imaging post-system. The array type polarization imaging detector is formed by coupling a CCD detector array and a linear polaroid array, and each linear polaroid corresponds to one CCD detector pixel.
The invention provides a snapshot-type high-flux spectral imaging method which comprises the steps of 1-3.
Step 1, placing a micro-lens array on an imaging surface of a front-mounted optical imaging system; the F-number of the microlenses in the microlens array is equal to the equivalent F-number of the front optical imaging system.
Step 2, placing an array type polarization imaging detector on a focal plane of the micro lens array; the array type polarization imaging detector is formed by coupling a CCD detector array and a linear polaroid array, and each linear polaroid corresponds to one CCD detector pixel.
Step 3, after the light in different directions emitted or reflected by the target is modulated by the front-end optical imaging system, the light is imaged on a certain micro lens on the micro lens array, the micro lens disperses the received light in different directions of the target to each pixel of the array type polarization imaging detector to form sub-images, and finally the size of the obtained data cube is (N)p,Nx,Ny) The polarization angle image of (1), wherein NpThe number of polarization angles corresponding to a detector pixel covered by a microlens (N)x,Ny) In order to obtain a two-dimensional target resolution,
Wxand WyThe length and width of the array type polarization imaging detector are shown, and d is the size of the micro lens.
And (2) setting each micro lens in the micro lens array in the step (1) to cover at least (M +2) × (M +2) pixels, wherein 2M is the number of different polarization angles of the detection target.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) the polarization imager and the polarization imaging method adopt the light field imaging mechanism and the array type polarization imaging detector based on the micro lens array, have the advantage that a plurality of polarization angle images of a target can be obtained by one-time exposure, and can be applied to monitoring and tracking of a rapidly-changing or moving target.
(2) The polarization imager and the polarization imaging method adopt the micro-lens array as the light field modulation element, and the micro-lens has the advantages of high flux and low diffraction limit compared with the small hole, thereby being beneficial to improving the utilization rate of the detector pixel and further improving the spatial resolution of the system.
(3) The polarization imager and the polarization imaging method adopt the microlenses to cover the pixels of the polarization detectors, and avoid the problem of imaging aliasing of adjacent microlenses caused by diffraction and mechanical clamping registration errors.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an array polarization imaging detector of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a one-dimensional schematic diagram of a polarization imager of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the microlens and the detector;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a polarization imaging method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention images a target on a plane where a micro-lens array is located through a front optical system, and each micro-lens corresponds to a pixel; each micro lens images the aperture of the main mirror onto a detector to form a macro pixel, each pixel of the macro pixel corresponds to one sampling sub-aperture of the lens, and the detection result of each pixel is equivalent to an image formed by a target through the sampling sub-aperture; the pixel detection result coupled with the polaroids with different polarization angles is equivalent to an image formed by a target passing through different polarization filters; the angles of the polaroids coupled by the pixels of the microlenses corresponding to the same sub-aperture are the same, so that the corresponding pixels are extracted to obtain an image of a certain polarization angle of a target. The invention has the advantage that data acquisition can be completed by one-time exposure, and the energy utilization rate of the micro lens is far higher than that of the small hole, so the invention has the advantages of high flux and snapshot.
The invention provides a snapshot type high-flux polarization imager which mainly comprises a light field imaging mechanism based on a micro-lens array and an array type polarization imaging detector. The light field imaging mechanism based on the micro lens array comprises a front optical system (a primary mirror) and the micro lens array, wherein the micro lens array is used as a light field modulation unit and is arranged on an imaging surface of the front optical imaging system. The array-type polarization imaging detector is formed by coupling a Charge-coupled Device (CCD) detector array and a linear polarizer array, each linear polarizer corresponds to a CCD detector pixel, and as shown in fig. 1, the array-type polarization imaging detector is disposed on a focal plane of a microlens array to form a light field imaging post-system. As shown in fig. 1, a linear polarizer is arranged in front of each CCD detector pixel, and the polarization angle of the linear polarizer can be set by a user according to the need, and the preferred setting mode of the present invention is: the polarization angles of each of the upper left, upper right, lower left and lower right adjacent four linearly polarizing plates in the array are set to 0 degree, 45 degrees, 135 degrees and 90 degrees, respectively.
In the embodiment of the invention, the front-end optical imaging system is a transmission type imaging system, and can also be realized by adopting a reflection type imaging system. As shown in fig. 2, which is a one-dimensional schematic diagram of the polarization imager of the present invention, the front optical imaging system is simplified to an ideal lens located at the pupil of the front lens of the light field imaging mechanism, i.e. the main mirror shown in fig. 2. The target is imaged on a certain micro lens on the micro lens array through the front optical imaging system, the micro lens disperses the received light from different directions of the target to form sub-images on the pixel elements of the detector behind the micro lens, and the target image acquired by the pixel elements of each detector corresponds to the light energy radiation of the target in different directions. Due to the modulation effect of the linear polarizer coupled with the detector, the optical energy radiation of the target in different directions is modulated into light with a specific linear polarization angle, so that the optical energy radiation with the specific linear polarization angle of the target is acquired by each pixel of the detector. By coupling linear polarizers (namely micro-polarization filters) with different polarization directions in front of the detector pixel, the polarization information of the target in different polarization directions can be acquired. When the target is expanded into a two-dimensional target, the target is imaged on an imaging surface where the micro-lens array is located through the front-end optical imaging system, and each micro-lens corresponds to a space unit imaged by the target, so that space two-dimensional information of the target can be acquired. Meanwhile, due to the modulation effect of the micro lenses, the pixels of the array type polarization imaging detector behind the micro lenses acquire the radiation information of light under different linear polarization angles of the space unit of the target, and the polarization image of the target at a polarization angle can be acquired by extracting the pixel corresponding to a certain polarization angle in the sub-image formed by each micro lens. And combining a plurality of images with different polarization angles to obtain the complete polarization angle image information of the target.
In the present invention, the F-number of each microlens of the microlens array is equal to the effective F-number of the front optical imaging system, and the detector is placed at the focal plane of the microlens array. As shown in fig. 2, L is the distance from the equivalent pupil of the front optical system to the target to be imaged, and f is the focal length of the microlens. The coverage imaging range d of the micro lens on the detector is the diameter of the circular micro lens or the width of the square micro lens. For the design scheme of collecting four polarization angles, in order to effectively utilize the pixels of the detector and prevent aliasing from being generated between sub-images generated after passing through adjacent microlenses, the design scheme shown in fig. 1 is adopted, and only four pixels covered by the central part of a microlens are actually extracted, as shown in fig. 3.
One embodiment of the imaging spectrometer of the present invention is shown in fig. 1, wherein the array-type polarization imaging detector used in the present invention is disposed at the focal plane of the microlens array, the array-type polarization imaging detector is formed by coupling a plurality of linear polarizers arranged in different directions according to a certain rule and then with the CCD detector pixel, and the arrangement is shown in fig. 1. In actual use, parameters such as the model, the size, the polarization angle, the arrangement scheme and the like of the array type polarization imaging detector can be set according to requirements. The arrangement scheme of the microlens array, the shape, the size, the focal length and the like of the microlenses are also set according to actual needs.
In the embodiment of the invention, the microlens array is arranged on an image plane of a target imaged by the front optical imaging system, one microlens in the microlens array corresponds to one pixel point of the target imaged by the front optical imaging system, so the spatial resolution of the imaging spectrometer is determined by the number of the microlenses in the microlens array, and the number of the microlenses is determined by the size of the detector and the size of the microlenses:
wherein, WxAnd WyD is the size of the microlens for the length and width of the detector, and d is the diameter of the microlens if the microlens is circular, and d is the width of the square microlens if the microlens is square. The final two-dimensional target resolution obtained by the polarization imager is (N)x,Ny)。
As shown in fig. 4, the snapshot-type high-throughput spectral imaging method provided by the present invention is:
step 1, placing a micro-lens array on an imaging surface of a front-mounted optical imaging system to form a light field imaging mechanism. The F-number of the microlenses in the microlens array is equal to the equivalent F-number of the front optical imaging system.
And 2, placing the array type polarization imaging detector on the focal plane of the micro lens array. The array type polarization imaging detector is formed by coupling a CCD detector array and a linear polaroid array, and each linear polaroid corresponds to one CCD detector pixel.
Step 3, after the light in different directions emitted or reflected by the target passes through the main mirror, the light is imaged on a certain micro lens on the micro lens array, the micro lens disperses the received light in different directions of the target to pixels of the array type polarization imaging detector to form sub images with different polarization angles, and finally a plurality of sub images with the size of (N) are obtainedx,Ny) And target images with different polarization angles. Wherein,
Wxand WyD is the size of the micro-lens, which is the length and width of the detector.
The resulting polarization angle image is represented by three-dimensional cube data, denoted as (N)p,Nx,Ny)，NpThe number of polarization angles associated with a detector pixel covered by a microlens, for example, using the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1, NpTo 4, target images of 4 polarization angles can be obtained, each target image having a resolution of (N)x,Ny)。
According to the invention, each micro lens at least covers M × M pixels, 2M is the number of different polarization angles of a target detected by the system, 4 polarization angles in fig. 1 are taken as an example, and the micro lens at least covers 2 × 2 pixels, as shown in fig. 3. In order to avoid aliasing of images of adjacent microlenses caused by errors such as mechanical installation and the like, each microlens is arranged to cover at least (M +2) × (M +2) pixels, and taking 4 polarization angles as an example, the microlens covers at least 4 × 4 pixels.
Claims (5)
1. A snapshot-type high-flux polarization imager is characterized by comprising a light field imaging mechanism based on a micro-lens array and an array type polarization imaging detector, wherein the light field imaging mechanism comprises a front optical imaging system of an imaging system and the micro-lens array; the front optical imaging system consists of more than one lens; the micro lens array is used as a light field modulation unit and is arranged on an imaging surface of the front optical imaging system; the array type polarization imaging detector is arranged on a focal plane of the micro lens array to form a light field imaging post system; the array type polarization imaging detector is formed by coupling a CCD detector array and a linear polaroid array, and each linear polaroid corresponds to one CCD detector pixel.
2. The snapshot high-throughput polarization imager of claim 1, wherein the polarization angles of every four adjacent linear polarizers arranged on the upper left, the upper right, the lower left and the lower right are 0 degree, 45 degree, 135 degree and 90 degree respectively.
3. A snapshot-type high-flux polarization imaging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, placing a micro-lens array on an imaging surface of a front-mounted optical imaging system; the F number of the micro lenses in the micro lens array is equal to the equivalent F number of the front optical imaging system;
step 2, placing an array type polarization imaging detector on a focal plane of the micro lens array; the array type polarization imaging detector is formed by coupling a CCD detector array and a linear polaroid array, and each linear polaroid corresponds to a CCD detector pixel;
step 3, after the light in different directions emitted or reflected by the target is modulated by the front-end optical imaging system, the light is imaged on a certain micro lens on the micro lens array, the micro lens disperses the received light in different directions of the target to each pixel of the array type polarization imaging detector to form sub-images, and finally the size of the obtained data cube is (N)p,Nx,Ny) The polarization angle image of (1), wherein NpThe number of polarization angles corresponding to a detector pixel covered by a microlens (N)x,Ny) In order to obtain a two-dimensional target resolution,
Wxand WyThe length and width of the array type polarization imaging detector are shown, and d is the size of the micro lens.
4. The snapshot high-throughput polarization imaging method according to claim 3, wherein in the linear polarizer array of the arrayed polarization imaging detector in step 2, the polarization angles of every four adjacent linear polarizers at the upper left, the upper right, the lower left and the lower right are set to be 0 degree, 45 degrees, 135 degrees and 90 degrees, respectively.
5. The snapshot high-throughput polarization imaging method according to claim 3, wherein the microlens array of step 1 is configured such that each microlens covers at least (M +2) × (M +2) image elements, where 2M is the number of different polarization angles of the detection target.
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