CN103472592B - A kind of fast high-throughout polarization imaging method of illuminated and polarization imager - Google Patents
A kind of fast high-throughout polarization imaging method of illuminated and polarization imager Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of fast high-throughout polarization imaging method of illuminated and polarization imager.Polarization imager comprises preposition optical imaging system, microlens array and array polarization imaging detector, and microlens array is placed in the imaging surface of preposition optical imaging system, and array polarization imaging detector is placed on the focal plane of microlens array.Array polarization imaging detector is formed by ccd detector array and linear polarizer array couples, the corresponding ccd detector pixel of each linear polarizer.The different directions light of objective emission or reflection images on certain lenticule through preposition optical imaging system, the light of the target different directions received is distributed on each pixel of array polarization imaging detector and forms subimage by this lenticule, final each polarization angle image of acquisition target.The present invention has the advantage that single exposure just can obtain the multiple polarization angle image of target, can be applicable to the monitoring of Rapid Variable Design or moving target with tracking.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical image technology, be specifically related to a kind of utilization based on the optical field imaging technology of microlens array and array polarization imaging detector, realize polarization imaging method that Frame projection takes pictures and polarization imager.
Background technology
Polarization imaging technology is the basis of the polarization information obtaining target image, is to utilize polarization characteristic to carry out target analyzing the prerequisite identified.At present, Polarization Detection both domestic and external and analytical technology are mainly based on Stokes (Stokes) time-vector method, polarization information detection based on the method needs to obtain target at least three polarization angle images, obtain the difference of target polarization image mode according to each detection system, polarization imaging technology is mainly divided into gazing type and snapshot type.Gazing type polarization imaging technology is by switching the multiple polarization angle Image Acquisition of polarizer realize target, need aim at the mark and stare certain hour with multiexposure, multiple exposure acquisition different polarization image information, require that measured target and instrument itself keep geo-stationary, require also higher to pixel registration, be not suitable for the detection of motion or variation targets.
Snapshot type polarization imaging technology refers to and obtains the multiple polarization angle image information of target at single exposure simultaneously, in detection motion or variation targets, have advantage.This kind of technology is mainly divided into: amplitude dividing method, image planes split plot design and aperture segmentation method.Division of amplitude scheme receives by different polaroids and by the detector of correspondence after utilizing beam splitter to be split by incident light, and this kind of technology is owing to adopting multiple polarized imaging system, and cost is high, and volume is large, is difficult to small light.Along with the development of micro-processing technology, occurred image planes split plot design, the method is coupled polaroid array to target direct imaging before focus planardetector, and this technology exists instantaneous field of view's skew, the accuracy affected of polarization information.Aperture segmentation method utilizes subsequent optical system to form multiple target projection picture, and each picture is received by being detected device after different polaroids, and realize the detection of multiple polarization state information, this System relays optical system is complicated, adds design difficulty.
In recent years, rise a kind of novel calculating imaging technique---optical field imaging technology in the world, this technology is by adding demodulating unit in traditional optical imaging system, the two-dimensional directional information that the distributed intelligence of target two-dimensional space and geometrical ray are propagated is recorded simultaneously, the bi-dimensional light intensity distribution of target information under different directions angle and target object can be extracted, acquisition of information has very large advantage.
Document [1] (R.Horstmeyer and et al., " Flexible multimodal camera using a light fieldarchitecture; " International Conference on Computational Photography (2009)) utilize array of orifices as the modulator element of optical field imaging technology, multi-mode filter arrays is placed in preposition optical system pupil place, and once shooting obtains the image information of target different polarization angle.But this technology has following shortcoming: the luminous flux of array of orifices is low, increases the time shutter, the target of Rapid Variable Design or movement cannot be applied to; The physics diffraction pattern of array of orifices is large, and detector pixel utilization factor is low.
Document [2] (J.Tyo, " Hybrid division of aperture/division of a focal-plane polarimeter forreal-time polarization imagery without an instantaneous field-of-view error; " Optics Letter, 31 (20), 2006) two microlens arrays are utilized by the image secondary imaging on preposition optical system imaging face on array polarization imaging detector, the image information of Real-time Obtaining target different polarization angle.But this technology has following shortcoming: there is picture crosstalk between adjacent picture elements; Adopt two microlens arrays, system complexity increases.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: provide a kind of fast high-throughout polarization imaging method of illuminated and polarization imager, realize multiple polarization angle image informations that once photo taking obtains target, be applied to monitoring and the tracking of Rapid Variable Design or moving target.
The high-throughout polarization imager of the fast illuminated of one provided by the invention, comprises the optical field imaging mechanism based on microlens array and array polarization imaging detector, and optical field imaging mechanism comprises preposition optical imaging system and the microlens array of imaging system.Preposition optical imaging system is made up of more than one lens; Microlens array is placed in the imaging surface of preposition optical imaging system as light field modulating unit; Array polarization imaging detector is placed on the focal plane of microlens array, forms the rearmounted system of optical field imaging.Array polarization imaging detector is formed by ccd detector array and linear polarizer array couples, the corresponding ccd detector pixel of each linear polarizer.
The high-throughout spectrum imaging method of the fast illuminated of one provided by the invention, comprises step 1 ~ step 3.
Step 1, places microlens array at the imaging surface of preposition optical imaging system; Lenticular F number in microlens array is equal with the equivalent F number of preposition optical imaging system.
Step 2, the focal plane of microlens array is placed array polarization imaging detector; Array polarization imaging detector is formed by ccd detector array and linear polarizer array couples, the corresponding ccd detector pixel of each linear polarizer.
Step 3, the different directions light of objective emission or reflection is after preposition optical imaging system modulation, image on certain lenticule on microlens array, the light of the target different directions received is distributed on each pixel of array polarization imaging detector and forms subimage by this lenticule, and final acquisition data cube size is (N
p, N
x, N
y) polarization angle image, wherein, N
pthe number of the polarization angle corresponding to the detector pixel that a lenticule covers, (N
x, N
y) be the two dimension target resolution obtained,
W
xand W
yfor the length of array polarization imaging detector and wide, d is lenticular size.
Each lenticule in the microlens array of setting steps 1 at least covers the individual pixel of (M+2) × (M+2), and wherein, 2M is the different polarization angle number of the detection of a target.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
(1) polarization imager of the present invention and polarization imaging method adopt optical field imaging mechanism based on microlens array and array polarization imaging detector, there is the advantage that single exposure just can obtain the multiple polarization angle image of target, can be applicable to the monitoring of Rapid Variable Design or moving target with tracking.
(2) polarization imager of the present invention and polarization imaging method adopt microlens array as light field modulator element, lenticule has the advantage of high flux, low diffraction limit compared to aperture, be conducive to improving detector pixel utilization factor, and then improve System spatial resolution.
(3) polarization imager of the present invention and polarization imaging method adopt lenticule to cover multiple polarization detector pixel, avoid the problem of the contiguous microlens imaging aliasing caused due to diffraction and mechanical clamping registration error.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of array polarization imaging detector of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the one dimension principle schematic of polarization imager of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is lenticule and detector position relation schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the schematic flow sheet of polarization imaging method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention by preposition optical system by the plane of target imaging in microlens array place, the corresponding pixel of each lenticule; Each lenticule forms grand pixel by primary mirror aperture imaging to detector, a sampling sub-aperture of the corresponding camera lens of each pixel of grand pixel, and each pixel detecting result is equivalent to target through over-sampling image that sub-aperture becomes; The pixel detecting result of the different polarization that has been coupled angle polaroid is equivalent to target by different polarization image that optical filter becomes; The polaroid angle of the pixel coupling of the corresponding same sub-aperture of multiple lenticule is identical, thus extracts the image that corresponding pixel can obtain a certain polarization angle of target.The present invention has the advantage that single exposure just can complete data acquisition, and lenticular capacity usage ratio is far above aperture, therefore has the advantage of high flux, fast illuminated.
The high-throughout polarization imager of fast illuminated provided by the invention, mainly comprises an optical field imaging mechanism based on microlens array and array polarization imaging detector.Optical field imaging mechanism based on microlens array comprises preposition optical system (primary mirror) and microlens array, and microlens array is placed in the imaging surface of preposition optical imaging system as light field modulating unit.Array polarization imaging detector is by CCD(Charge-coupled Device, charge coupled cell) detector array and linear polarizer array couples form, the corresponding ccd detector pixel of each linear polarizer, as shown in Figure 1, array polarization imaging detector is placed on the focal plane of microlens array, forms the rearmounted system of optical field imaging.Shown in Fig. 1, a linear polarizer is provided with before each ccd detector pixel, the polarization angle of linear polarizer can be arranged as required by user, and the preferred set-up mode of the present invention is: the polarization angle arranging often four linear polarizer that upper left, upper right, bottom left is adjacent with bottom right in array is respectively 0 degree, 45 degree, 135 degree and 90 degree.
In the embodiment of the present invention, preposition optical imaging system is transmission-type imaging system, also can adopt reflective imaging system to realize.As shown in Figure 2, be the one dimension principle schematic of polarization imager of the present invention, preposition optical imaging system is reduced to the perfect lens that is positioned at the pupil place of the preposition camera lens of optical field imaging mechanism, the primary mirror namely shown in Fig. 2.Target images on certain lenticule on microlens array through preposition optical imaging system, the light of the different directions from target that this lenticule will receive, the pixel of the detector after being distributed to lenticule forms subimage, and the target image that the pixel of each detector obtains corresponds to target light ray radiation in different directions.Due to the modulating action of linear polarizer of detector coupling, target light ray radiation is in different directions modulated to the light of certain line polarization angle, the light ray radiation of what therefore the pixel of each detector obtained is target certain line polarization angle.By the linear polarizer (i.e. micro-polarizing filter) in the different polarization direction that is coupled before detector pixel, the polarization information of target in different polarization direction can be obtained.When target expands to two dimension target, it images on the imaging surface at microlens array place through preposition optical imaging system, and a space cell of the corresponding target imaging of each lenticule, therefore can obtain the space two-dimensional information of target.Simultaneously due to lenticular modulating action, the radiation information of what array polarization imaging detector pixel thereafter obtained is light under the different linear polarization angle of space cell of this target, by extracting pixel corresponding to a certain polarization angle in subimage that each lenticule formed, the polarization image of target at this polarization angle can be obtained.By the image combining of several different polarization angles, the polarization angle image information that target is complete just can be obtained.
In the present invention, each lenticular F number of microlens array is equal with effective F number of preposition optical imaging system, and detector is placed in the focal plane place of microlens array.As shown in Figure 2, L is the distance of preposition optical system equivalence pupil to target imaging, and f is lenticular focal length.Lenticule covering areas imaging d is on the detector the width of circular microlens diameter or square microlens.To the design proposal of collection four polarization angles, for effectively utilizing the pixel of detector and making not produce aliasing between the subimage that produces after contiguous microlens, adopt design proposal as shown in Figure 1, actual four pixels only extracting lenticule core and cover, as shown in Figure 3.
An embodiment of imaging spectrometer of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, the wherein array polarization imaging detector of the present invention's employing, be placed in the focal plane place of microlens array, array polarization imaging detector is be coupled with ccd detector pixel after being arranged according to certain rules by the linear polarizer of multiple different directions to form, and its arrangement mode as shown in Figure 1.In actual use, the model of array polarization imaging detector, size, the parameter such as polarization angle and arrangement scheme all can set as required.Microlens array arrangement, microlens shape, size and focal length etc. are also arranged according to actual needs.
In the embodiment of the present invention, microlens array is placed in target in the image planes of preposition optical imaging system imaging, a lenticule in microlens array corresponds to the pixel of target through preposition optical imaging system imaging, therefore the spatial resolution of imaging spectrometer is determined by the lenticule number in microlens array, and lenticule number is determined by detector size and lenticule size:
Wherein, W
xand W
yfor the length of detector and wide, d is lenticular size, if lenticule is circular, then d is lenticular diameter, if lenticule is square, then d is the width of square microlens.The two dimension target resolution obtained eventually through polarization imager is (N
x, N
y).
As shown in Figure 4, the high-throughout spectrum imaging method of fast illuminated provided by the invention is:
Step 1, places microlens array at the imaging surface of preposition optical imaging system, forms optical field imaging mechanism.Lenticular F number in microlens array is equal with the equivalent F number of preposition optical imaging system.
Step 2, the focal plane of microlens array is placed array polarization imaging detector.Array polarization imaging detector is formed by ccd detector array and linear polarizer array couples, the corresponding ccd detector pixel of each linear polarizer.
Step 3, the different directions light of objective emission or reflection is after primary mirror, image on certain lenticule on microlens array, the light of target different directions that this lenticule will receive, the pixel being distributed to array polarization imaging detector is formed the subimage with different polarization angle, final several sizes obtained are (N
x, N
y) and the different target image of polarization angle.Wherein,
W
xand W
yfor the length of detector and wide, d is lenticular size.
Represent the polarization angle image obtained by three-dimensional cubic volume data, be expressed as (N
p, N
x, N
y), N
pthe number of the polarization angle corresponding to the detector pixel that a lenticule covers, such as, utilize the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention, N
pbe 4, can obtain the target image of 4 polarization angles, the resolution of each target image is (N
x, N
y).
The present invention adopts each lenticule at least to cover M × M pixel, and 2M is the target different polarization angle number of system looks, and for 4 polarization angles in Fig. 1, lenticule at least covers 2 × 2 pixels, as shown in Figure 3.For avoiding the aliasing of the contiguous microlens imaging caused due to mechanical erection equal error, the present invention arranges each lenticule and at least covers the individual pixel of (M+2) × (M+2), for 4 polarization angles, lenticule at least covers 4 × 4 pixels.
Claims (4)
1. the high-throughout polarization imager of fast illuminated, is characterized in that, comprises the optical field imaging mechanism based on microlens array and array polarization imaging detector, and optical field imaging mechanism comprises preposition optical imaging system and the microlens array of imaging system; Preposition optical imaging system is made up of more than one lens; Microlens array is placed in the imaging surface of preposition optical imaging system as light field modulating unit; Array polarization imaging detector is placed on the focal plane of microlens array, forms the rearmounted system of optical field imaging; Described array polarization imaging detector is formed by ccd detector array and linear polarizer array couples, the corresponding ccd detector pixel of each linear polarizer; Array polarization imaging detector is be coupled with ccd detector pixel after being arranged according to certain rules by the linear polarizer of multiple different directions to form, the arrangement regulation of concrete linear polarizer is: regard upper left, upper right, that bottom left is adjacent with bottom right four linear polarizer as a polarizer unit, the order arrangement on every row of described polarizer unit, the polarization angle of upper left, upper right, the bottom left wherein in polarizer unit and the linear polarizer of bottom right is respectively 0 degree, 45 degree, 135 degree and 90 degree;
A lenticule in microlens array corresponds to the pixel of target through preposition optical imaging system imaging, and lenticule number is determined by array polarization imaging detector size and lenticule size, (N
x, N
y) be the two dimension target resolution obtained:
Wherein, W
xand W
yfor the length of array polarization imaging detector and wide, d is lenticular size, if lenticule is circular, then d is lenticular diameter, if lenticule is square, then d is the width of square microlens;
Described microlens array, when the different directions light of objective emission or reflection is after preposition optical imaging system modulation, image on certain lenticule on microlens array, the light of the target different directions received is distributed on each pixel of array polarization imaging detector and forms subimage by this lenticule, and final acquisition data cube size is (N
p, N
x, N
y) polarization angle image, wherein, N
pthe number of the polarization angle corresponding to the detector pixel that a lenticule covers;
Each lenticule at least covers the individual pixel of (M+2) × (M+2), and wherein, 2M is the different polarization angle number of the detection of a target.
2. the high-throughout polarization imaging method of fast illuminated, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Step 1, places microlens array at the imaging surface of preposition optical imaging system; Lenticular F number in microlens array is equal with the equivalent F number of preposition optical imaging system;
Step 2, the focal plane of microlens array is placed array polarization imaging detector; Array polarization imaging detector is formed by ccd detector array and linear polarizer array couples, the corresponding ccd detector pixel of each linear polarizer;
Step 3, the different directions light of objective emission or reflection is after preposition optical imaging system modulation, image on certain lenticule on microlens array, the light of the target different directions received is distributed on each pixel of array polarization imaging detector and forms subimage by this lenticule, and final acquisition data cube size is (N
p, N
x, N
y) polarization angle image, wherein, N
pthe number of the polarization angle corresponding to the detector pixel that a lenticule covers, (N
x, N
y) be the two dimension target resolution obtained,
W
xand W
yfor the length of array polarization imaging detector and wide, d is lenticular size, if lenticule is circular, then d is lenticular diameter, if lenticule is square, then d is the width of square microlens.
3. the high-throughout polarization imaging method of fast illuminated according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in the linear polarizer array of the array polarization imaging detector that described step 2 is placed, regard upper left, upper right, that bottom left is adjacent with bottom right four linear polarizer as a polarizer unit, the order arrangement on every row of described polarizer unit, the polarization angle arranging four linear polarizer of upper left, upper right, bottom left in polarizer unit and bottom right is respectively 0 degree, 45 degree, 135 degree and 90 degree.
4. the high-throughout polarization imaging method of fast illuminated according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the microlens array of described step 1, the each lenticule arranged wherein at least covers the individual pixel of (M+2) × (M+2), wherein, 2M is the different polarization angle number of the detection of a target.
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