CN109181834A - 一种环境友好高速轨道车辆减振器油的组合物 - Google Patents
一种环境友好高速轨道车辆减振器油的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种环境友好高速轨道车辆减振器油的组合物,是采用质量比2:1=聚α‑烯烃(SpectraSynTM PAO):三羟甲基丙烷庚酸酯复合作为全合成复合基础油,配合多种复合添加剂调和而成。它包括:抗氧剂、极压剂、抗磨剂、油性剂、摩擦改进剂、导热剂、防锈剂、金属减活剂、抗泡剂、抗乳化剂、补强剂、粘度指数改进剂等。本发明具有优良的抗泡性、抗乳化性、粘温性、抗腐性、防锈性、极压抗磨性、减摩性、低温流动性、扩散性、抗氧化安定性、橡胶相容性、传热性、导静电等性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于润滑剂技术领域。具体是一种环境友好高速轨道车辆减振器油的组合物。
背景技术
从轨道车辆而言,无论是机车车辆(内燃机车、电力机车)、地下轨道车辆、轻轨车辆还是高速轨车辆,油压减振器是轨道车辆上的一个重要部件。当车辆在轨道上运行时,车辆的各运动部分会因速度和载荷的变化而产生各种类型的振动和噪音,并伴随产生热。若这些类型的振动,不通过车辆上的减振器来衰减,就会导致机械运动部件因疲劳使结构强度、刚度和使用寿命下降,恶化车辆运行品质。油压减振器其性能的好坏,直接影响到轨道车辆行车安全性、舒适性、稳定性及制动时的平稳性和可靠性。减振器主要用来抑制弹簧吸震后反弹时的震荡及来自轨道的冲击负荷。
轨道车辆通常车身、导向架、轴筒三部分组成,油压减振器铁路车辆转向等的重要组成部分。油压减振器包括:悬挂用垂向油压减振器、悬挂用轴向,横向抗蛇行油压减振器以及用于连接车体并驱动制动单元的耦合减振器。这些减振器共同的作用是为了衰减车体的点头运动、浮沉运动、横摆运动、侧滚运动和摇头运动。若这些运动不加以控制,会造成车轮之间载荷剧烈波动变化,构架上的各种部件的磨损加剧,严重情况下导致脱轨及制动失灵,不利于高速行车安全。随我国各种轨道车辆运行速度的提高及载荷的增加,油压减振器实际工况也在不断变化,各种减振器的使用工况、承载能力、振动频率和速度、各类型环境条件也都不相同,这就要求不同位置、不同位移的油压减振器拥有不同的振动速度和位移量来确定减振、承载能力,合理有效的设计、制造、安装和布置油压减振器是很有必要的。
减振器和弹簧构成列车转向架隔振系统,在高速列车行驶过程中,弹簧在振动系统中吸收振动能量并立即释放振动能量,起缓冲振动作用。而油压减振器是减转振功的核心,它能使产生的振动热量被吸收掉,并将其转化为热能,使油及均匀的钢结构部件温度升高,从而将热能释放到周围大气中,使振动能量减少,表现为衰减振动系统的振幅,抑制系统的振动,改善振动系统的动力学性能,从而提高车辆在运行中的安全可靠性、平稳性和舒适性。
目前国外减振器的发展早于国内的发展,国外油压减振器种类多,设计、制造工艺水平高,使用寿命长,故障率低,维修方便,技术和质量成熟稳定,可靠高;而国内研发的油压减振器相对而言,拥有自主知识产权的种类少,寿命和维修周期短,故障率高,安全、可靠性不稳定。减振器的质量和技术直接影响轨道车辆的提速和重载性,具有良好的减振是高速和重载列车所急需解决的一大问题。由于国产油压减振器不能满足提速和高速列车的性能要求,我国高速动车组全部采用进口油压减振器,且主要以科尼、迪斯潘和萨克斯三大品牌减振器为主。
由于铁路高速车辆多采用复合式阻尼,结构更为复杂,减振器油的使用工况更为苛刻,在重负载,长周期条件下运动,振动频率高,行程范围大,运动阻尼大,在耐温性能、低温、抗氧化性、极压抗磨剂及橡胶相容性等要求更为苛刻。减振器油没有国家标准,通常会根据不同用途的减振器本身的特性要求,而调整具体的减振器油相关指标而生产的,都是专用。高轨道车辆减振器油是利用油液流动的阻力来消耗驱动的能量。当高轨道车辆减振器内的油缸活塞受外力作用移动时,油液高速流动经阻尼孔道,通过摩擦消耗动能,转化为热量形式施放,从而使轨道对车辆的冲击作用减弱直至消失。高铁减振器油必须具备:优良的抗泡性、抗乳化性、粘温性、抗腐和防锈性、极压抗磨性、低温流动性、抗氧化性、橡胶相容性、传热性、导静电及满足宽温度范围(-50~150℃)的使用和长换油期(大于20000h)等性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种环境友好高速轨道车辆减振器油的组合物。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:
一种环境友好高速轨道车辆减振器油的组合物,是将下列组分按质量百分比调和而成,如下表所示:
以上组分总和为100%。
上述基础油是采用质量比2:1=聚α-烯烃(SpectraSynTM PAO):三羟甲基丙烷庚酸酯复合作为全合成复合基础油。
上述抗氧剂是50%的N-苯基-α-苯胺(T531)和50%的4,4’-硫代双的质量比按1:1复合;上述极压剂是酸性亚磷酸二丁酯(T304)。
上述抗磨剂是硫磷酸氮衍生物T305;上述油性剂是油酸乙二醇酯T403。
上述摩擦改进剂是B-N-I型摩擦改进剂;上述导热剂是无规则聚丙烯(相对分子量25000~35000)。
上述防锈剂是50%的石油磺酸钠T702和50%的N-油酰肌胺酸十八铵盐T711质量比=1:1复合而成;上述金属减活剂是巯基苯并味唑。
上述抗泡剂是丙烯酸酯与醚共聚物T912;上述抗乳化剂是聚醚类高分子化合物DL32。
上述补强剂是二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯;粘度指数改进剂是分散型乙丙共聚物高氮型。
本发明的优点
本发明具有优良的抗泡性、抗乳化性、粘温性、抗腐性、防锈性、极压抗磨性、减摩性、低温流动性、扩散性、抗氧化安定性、橡胶相容性、传热性、导静电等性能。
具体实施方案
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种环境友好高速轨道车辆减振器油的组合物,是将下列组分按质量百分比调和而成,如下表所示:
以上组分总和为100%。
实施例2
一种环境友好高速轨道车辆减振器油的组合物,是将下列组分按质量百分比调和而成,如下表所示:
以上组分总和为100%。
实施例3
一种环境友好高速轨道车辆减振器油的组合物,是将下列组分按质量百分比调和而成,如下表所示:
以上组分总和为100%。
实施例1的典型理化指标,如下表所示:
实施例2的典型理化指标,如下表所示:
实施例3的典型理化指标,如下表所示:
Claims (8)
1.一种环境友好高速轨道车辆减振器油的组合物,其特征在于:将下列组分按质量百分比调和而成,如下表所示:
以上组分总和为100%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种环境友好高速轨道车辆减振器油的组合物,其特征在于:所述基础油是采用质量比2:1=聚α-烯烃(SpectraSynTMPAO):三羟甲基丙烷庚酸酯复合作为全合成复合基础油。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种环境友好高速轨道车辆减振器油的组合物,其特征在于,所述抗氧剂是50%的N-苯基-α-苯胺(T531)和50%的4,4’-硫代双的质量比按1:1复合;所述极压剂是酸性亚磷酸二丁酯(T304)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种环境友好高速轨道车辆减振器油的组合物,其特征在于,所述抗磨剂是硫磷酸氮衍生物T305;所述油性剂是油酸乙二醇酯T403。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种环境友好高速轨道车辆减振器油的组合物,其特征在于,所述摩擦改进剂是B-N-I型摩擦改进剂;所述导热剂是无规则聚丙烯(相对分子量25000~35000)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种环境友好高速轨道车辆减振器油的组合物,其特征在于,所述防锈剂是50%的石油磺酸钠T702和50%的N-油酰肌胺酸十八铵盐T711复合而成;所述金属减活剂是巯基苯并味唑。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种环境友好高速轨道车辆减振器油的组合物,其特征在于,所述抗泡剂是丙烯酸酯与醚共聚物T912;,所述抗乳化剂是聚醚类高分子化合物DL32。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种环境友好高速轨道车辆减振器油的组合物,其特征在于,所述补强剂是二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯;所述粘度指数改进剂是分散型乙丙共聚物高氮型。
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