CN112831363A - 一种环保型高速列车专用的减振器油 - Google Patents
一种环保型高速列车专用的减振器油 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- -1 alkyl naphthalene Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical class [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CFQZKFWQLAHGSL-FNTYJUCDSA-N (3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e)-octadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octaenoyl]oxyoctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octaenoyl]oxyoctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octaenoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\OC(=O)C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\OC(=O)C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C CFQZKFWQLAHGSL-FNTYJUCDSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C(=O)N)=CC2=C1 GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 125000003354 benzotriazolyl group Chemical class N1N=NC2=C1C=CC=C2* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005473 octanoic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
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- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000005623 Carcinogenesis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010043275 Teratogenicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036952 cancer formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000504 carcinogenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000584 environmental toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002462 imidazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940083254 peripheral vasodilators imidazoline derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000211 teratogenicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000007979 thiazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/048—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/0206—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/026—Butene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/285—Esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
- C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
- C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/047—Siloxanes with specific structure containing alkylene oxide groups
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种环保型高速列车专用减振器油,按质量百分比计,其组成为:基础油余量,粘度指数改进剂5‑10%,降凝剂0.01‑2%,极压抗磨剂0.5‑1.5%,防锈剂0.02‑0.05%,消泡剂50‑100ppm。该方法以食品级工业白油或合成基础油PAO为原料,通过加入粘度指数改进剂、降凝剂和消泡剂等添加剂反应制得。本发明环保型高速列车专用的减振器油,具有高粘度指数,突出的粘温性能,良好的低温性能和剪切性,优良的抗泡性和极压性,与橡胶的适应性良好,可满足高速列车的全天候、长寿命的使用要求。同时,对人体和环境友好,有利于环境保护和人体安全。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于润滑油技术领域,具体是一种环保型高速列车专用的减振器油。
背景技术
高铁作为一种快速的陆上运输方式已在全世界引起越来越多的关注。日本,法国,德国,西班牙和意大利等许多国家、地区都开发了各种类型的高铁服务,而美国,印度和马来西亚等其他国家也有兴趣开发自己的高铁服务。中国目前是高铁发展的世界领导者之一。中国已经开发了世界上规模最大的高铁系统,到2019年底,该系统已超过35,000公里,占其他国家整体高铁总长度的近70%。在确保铁路车辆行驶安全的前提下,高速和舒适性已成为世界铁路运输发展趋势的主流。随着高铁的长时间运行,车轮与轨道之间的相互作用越来越严重,从而威胁到车辆的行驶稳定性,行驶质量和安全性。改善铁路轨道如降低轨道的不平整度或增加铁路的转向半径等可以提高铁路运输的质量。但是由于成本高,并且在铺设铁路线后很难对其进行改进。因此,在列车运行过程中,最经济的方法是选择减少悬架系统的振动,进而提高运行质量。
减振器是高铁的悬架系统的重要组成部件,当车辆在轨道上行驶转向或改变速度时,安装在其悬架系统中的减震器会被压缩和拉伸,振动能将以热的形式消散。可以有效地衰减车身的振动并减轻车轮与轨道之间的相互作用,增加乘坐舒适性,也提高了轨道车辆的行驶稳定性。新型油压减振器包括5种:一系悬挂用垂向油压减振器,二系悬挂用垂向、横向和抗蛇行油压减振器,以及用于连接车体并驱动制动单元的耦合减振器。这些减振器共同的作用是为了衰减车体的点头运动、浮沉运动、横摆运动、侧滚运动以及摇头运动,如果这些运动不加以控制,会导致轮对之间增减载严重,构架上的各个零部件的磨损加剧,严重情况下还会导致脱轨,不利于行车安全。
我国高速列车具有运行跨越区间大、持续运行时间长、运行速度高的特点,随着动车组运行地域不断扩大,线路状况、气候等边界条件趋于多样化。尤其我国北方多条客运专线都属于高寒气候条件,列车和线路一年中承受的温度差高达80~90℃,这种运营条件给高铁减振器的动力学性能带来极大的挑战,同时也对减振器油提出了更高的要求。目前,我国铁路行业减振器主要依赖进口,国外在用减振器油是引进油品和减振器一起试验、改进、最后定型的,有相应的减振器油产品与其相配套。
铁路、汽车以及摩托车三个领域减振器油的用量占到了总量的80%以上。此外,随着我国铁路列车运行速度的不断提高,对车辆行驶过程中的安全性和可靠性提出了更高的要求。同时,人们对汽车及摩托车乘坐环境要求不断提高,也要求车辆能够更加平稳和舒适,因此市场对减振器油的质量要逐步向中高档转变。减振器油必须具有适宜的黏度、突出的黏温性能以及优异的低温性能,以满足减振器在较宽的使用温度范围下的温度特性要求;具有良好的空气释放性能和泡沫特性,使得减振器油在不同运行速度条件下保持稳定的阻尼,从而确保减振器在不同工作速度情况下均保持良好的阻尼特性;具有良好的密封材料适应性,以防止由于油品与密封材料相容性差造成的渗漏和泄漏,使得减振器具有良好的耐久性;同时减振器油还需具有良好的剪切安定性,以确保油品在长时间使用过程中保持稳定的黏度;具有良好的抗磨特性,以减少减振器在使用过程中活塞杆与轴承,活塞头与筒壁间的摩擦磨损,从而延长设备使用周期;此外,减振器油外还要具有良好的抗腐蚀性能及抗氧化性能,以防止减振器金属部件腐蚀生锈,同时减少由于油品氧化产生的酸性物质等对设备造成的损害,从而延长设备使用寿命。
但是国内相应的减振器油品研发空白,尚无专用的油品,国内市场存在用油与实际需求不同步,从而导致减振器出现故障率高、寿命短的缺陷。无论从技术需求还是市场需求,都应该研发出相配套的高铁减振器油。开发环保型减振器油势在必行。这不仅是可持续发展的需求,更是时代展的必然趋势。矿物油是一种不可再生的资源,若干年之后石油资源将会枯竭。寻找矿物油的替代品极为迫切。并且矿物油中含有大量苯的化合物等有毒物质,对环境及人类造成威胁。有资料显示润滑油在排放不当对环境造成污染、对生物有致癌致畸的风险,针对这些相关组织出台了相应测试生态毒性和降解性的的方法。并且润滑油影响人类健康,环保型减振器油是不仅具备着优良的生物降解性,在装配和维修过程中对人体无害,并在使用中能降低油耗达到节能减排的目的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供一种环保型高速列车专用的减振器油,这种减振器油具有高粘度指数,突出的粘温性能,良好的低温性能和剪切性,优良的抗泡性和极压性,同时与橡胶的适应性良好,可满足高速列车的全天候、长寿命的使用要求。
为实现上述目的本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种环保型高速列车专用的减振器油,组分为:
基础油余量
粘度指数改进剂5-10%
降凝剂0.01-2%
抗氧剂0.1-0.5%
极压抗磨剂0.5-1.5%
防锈剂0.02-0.05%
消泡剂50-100ppm
以上含量均为质量百分含量,组分总和为100%,ppm为百万分之一的质量含量。
上述基础油可选用矿物基础油或合成油聚α-烯烃PAO,进一步的,优选采用食品级白油与PAO合成油的混合作为基础油,尤其是在食品级白油中混入部分PAO合成油时会有效增强减振器油的低温性能,使减振器油的低温运动粘度更小,倾点更小。
所述的食品级白油可选用浙江正信石油科技有限公司生产的1#或2#食品级白油,其100℃运动粘度为2~5mm2/s,符合标准GB1886.215-2016要求。食品级白油严格控制重金属和浓缩芳烃,纯度符合FDA,21CFR178.3620(a);191SVHC物质限制;NSF3H和/或H1认证,可用于直接接触食品材料和食品润滑系统;更优选的,食品级白油与PAO合成油按质量比50:35混合效果最佳。
进一步的,所述粘度指数改进剂选用聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯。
粘度指数改进剂是油溶性链状高分子化合物,低温时高分子收缩卷曲,对基础油的内摩擦影响减小,对粘度的影响也相对较小;高温时高分子溶胀,流体力学体积和表面积增大,基础油的内摩擦显著增加。粘度指数改进剂在不同温度下的形态变化使其在高温下的增粘能力大,低温下的增粘能力小,从而改善了油品的粘度性能。在粘度较低的基础油中添加1%~10%的粘度指数改进剂,不仅能提高粘度且能显著改善粘温特性,适应宽温度使用范围对粘度的要求。减振器油对黏温性能、低温性能、剪切性能及氧化安定性要求非常高,黏度指数改进剂是制备减振器油的最主要原材料之一,要想同时满足这些性能,唯有聚甲基丙烯酸酯类型的黏度指数改进剂能满足要求,本发明中优选采用聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯。
进一步的,所述的降凝剂可选用聚甲基丙烯酸酯;烷基萘;苯乙烯酯类;聚富马酸酯;邻苯二甲酸二烷基酯;乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物;聚α-烯烃类等;降凝剂可依靠自身的分子特点,改变多蜡原油冷却过程中析出的蜡晶形态,抑制蜡晶在原油中形成三维网状结构,从而起到降低油品凝点的作用。
进一步的,所述抗氧剂可选用酚类抗氧剂;芳族胺抗氧剂;硫化的酚类抗氧剂;受阻酚类抗氧剂;苯三唑衍生物;噻二唑衍生物;含钼化合物;二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZnDDP)和有机亚磷酸盐或几种化合物的复合抗氧剂等。优选为复合抗氧剂。在油品中加入抗氧剂的作用在于抑制油品氧化,钝化金属催化作用,延缓氧化速度,延长油品的使用寿命。常用的抗氧抗腐剂是各种金属(如Cu、Zn、Mo和Sb等)的烷基硫代磷酸类化合物和氨基甲酸酯(盐)化合物,还有一些有机磷、有机硫化合物也是较好的抗氧抗腐剂。近年来,随着高档润滑油在控制黏度增长、沉积物降低、减少磨损等方面的苛刻要求,对抗氧剂的性能也提出了更高的要求,润滑油中的抗氧剂将向高热稳定性、高性能、无灰低磷、对生物无毒等方向发展。含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物不仅具有良好的极压抗磨和摩擦学性能,并且具有优异的抗氧防腐性能,兼具毒性小、无灰、耐高温等多效性能。胺类抗氧化添加剂和酚类与胺类的复配添加剂可表现出优异的抗结焦性能和良好的抗氧化性能。
进一步的,所述的极压抗磨剂可选用含硫的极压抗磨剂:二烃基多硫化物;硫化的烯烃;硫化的异丁烯;硫化的聚异丁烯;二环己基多硫化物等。可选用含磷的极压抗磨剂:有机磷酸盐;有机亚磷酸盐等。可选用含氮杂环的极压抗磨剂:噻唑衍生物、噻二唑衍生物、恶唑啉、苯并三氮唑衍生物、咪唑啉衍生物、吡啶和咪唑啉、二嗪衍生物以及三嗪衍生物等。可选用含硼极压抗磨剂:有机硼酸酯类和无机硼酸盐类。
进一步的,所述的防锈剂可选用辛酸、癸酸和十二烷酸;二聚体酸和三聚体酸、烯基琥珀酸、醚胺、酸式磷酸盐;聚乙氧基化的胺、酚或醇等。
进一步的,所述的消泡剂可选用聚二甲基硅氧烷、丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇醚和酯类。优选为聚醚改性的聚硅氧烷消泡剂。聚醚改性聚硅氧烷消泡剂兼有聚醚类消泡剂和有机硅类消泡剂优点,还具有如逆溶解性强、自乳化性好、化学稳定性和热稳定性高等独特优点。通常在聚醚链段中,聚氧丙烯链段增加会提高共聚物的疏水性,而聚氧乙烯链段增加会提高其水溶性。若聚硅氧烷链段与聚醚链段比例固定,提高聚醚链中聚氧丙稀的比例,会减小共聚物在水中的溶解度,降低浊点,改善消泡性能。因此优选聚醚改性的聚硅氧烷消泡剂。
本发明的高速列车专用减振器油具有良好的抗震性、润滑性、低温流动性、剪切安全性及抗氧和防锈性能,特别是具有高的粘度指数,在极寒地区和炎热地区都不影响其功能。
具体实施方式
本发明的一种环保型高速列车专用的减振器油,其质量百分含量组分为:
粘度指数改进剂5-10%
降凝剂0.01-2%
抗氧剂0.1-0.5%
极压抗磨剂0.5-1.5%
防锈剂0.02-0.05%
消泡剂50-100ppm
基础油余量
上述基础油可选用矿物基础油或合成油聚α-烯烃PAO,但是当采用食品级白油与PAO合成油的混合作为基础油时则可有效增强减振器油的低温性能,使减振器油的低温运动粘度更小,倾点更小。其中的粘度指数改进剂优选为聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯,在本发明中采用聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯可以比采用其他粘度指数改进剂达到更好的综合效果,更有利于应用于减振器油。
下面结合具体实例对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例
上述各组分的含量总和为100%,将各组分按照比例混合,加热搅拌混匀,即可获得产品。
采用国家标准或行业标准的分析方法对各个配方产品进行性能检测,结果如下:
可以看出当采用本发明的组成配比时整体具有较高的粘度指数,具有良好的抗震性、润滑性、低温流动性、剪切安全性及抗氧和防锈性能,尤其是实施例2所示实例,具有高粘度指数,突出的粘温性能,良好的低温性能和剪切性,优良的抗泡性和极压性,与橡胶的适应性良好,可很好的满足减振器油的性能需求,以满足高速列车的全天候、长寿命的使用要求。同时,对人体和环境友好,有利于环境保护和人体安全。
Claims (8)
1.一种环保型高速列车专用的减振器油,其特征在于,按质量百分比计组分为:
基础油余量
粘度指数改进剂5-10%
降凝剂0.01-2%
抗氧剂0.1-0.5%
极压抗磨剂0.5-1.5%
防锈剂0.02-0.05%
消泡剂50-100ppm
组分总和为100%;所述的基础油为矿物基础油或合成油聚α-烯烃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保型高速列车专用的减振器油,其特征在于,所述的基础油采用食品级白油与聚α-烯烃PAO的混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的环保型高速列车专用的减振器油,其特征在于,所述的粘度指数改进剂为聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的环保型高速列车专用的减振器油,其特征在于,所述的降凝剂选用聚甲基丙烯酸酯;烷基萘;苯乙烯酯类;聚富马酸酯;邻苯二甲酸二烷基酯;乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物;或聚α-烯烃类。
5.根据权利要求1所述的环保型高速列车专用的减振器油,其特征在于,所述的抗氧剂选用酚类抗氧剂;芳族胺抗氧剂;硫化的酚类抗氧剂;受阻酚类抗氧剂;苯三唑衍生物;噻二唑衍生物;含钼化合物;二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZnDDP)和有机亚磷酸盐或几种化合物的复合抗氧剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的环保型高速列车专用的减振器油,其特征在于,所述的极压抗磨剂选用含硫的极压抗磨剂、含磷的极压抗磨剂、含氮杂环的极压抗磨剂或含硼极压抗磨剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的环保型高速列车专用的减振器油,其特征在于,所述防锈剂为辛酸、癸酸和十二烷酸、二聚体酸和三聚体酸、烯基琥珀酸、醚胺、酸式磷酸盐、或者聚乙氧基化的胺、酚或醇。
8.根据权利要求1所述的环保型高速列车专用的减振器油,其特征在于,所述的消泡剂为聚二甲基硅氧烷、丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇醚和酯类,优选为聚醚改性的聚硅氧烷消泡剂。
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