CN109180018A - 电致变色智能窗变色层的NiO电致变色薄膜的简单大面积制备方法 - Google Patents

电致变色智能窗变色层的NiO电致变色薄膜的简单大面积制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109180018A
CN109180018A CN201811028965.6A CN201811028965A CN109180018A CN 109180018 A CN109180018 A CN 109180018A CN 201811028965 A CN201811028965 A CN 201811028965A CN 109180018 A CN109180018 A CN 109180018A
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electrode
electrochomeric films
photochromic layer
intelligent window
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刘晶冰
武绍蕊
汪浩
张倩倩
严辉
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/3411Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials
    • C03C17/3417Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials all coatings being oxide coatings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2218/00Methods for coating glass
    • C03C2218/10Deposition methods
    • C03C2218/11Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions
    • C03C2218/115Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions electro-enhanced deposition

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)

Abstract

电致变色智能窗变色层的NiO电致变色薄膜的简单大面积制备方法,属于功能材料技术领域。采用电化学工作站,镀膜时为三电极体系,恒电压沉积;衬底是透明的ITO玻璃,ITO玻璃做为工作电极,铂片为对电极,Ag/AgCl电极为参比电极,将工作电极与对电极进行平行相对排列,镀膜电压为‑0.7V,时间为6min;电镀液组成为NiCl2·6H2O的乙醇水溶液。配制过程简单,原料易得,且能在较小的电压下制备出大面积(4×5cm2)均匀的电致变色薄膜。

Description

电致变色智能窗变色层的NiO电致变色薄膜的简单大面积制 备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电致变色智能窗变色层的NiO电致变色薄膜的简单大面积制备方法,属于功能材料技术领域。
背景技术
为了获得达到很好的采光效果和装饰美观的目的,玻璃成为建筑物上面的一项必不可少的装置。国家统计局2015年数据显示,全国住宅玻璃窗用量和玻璃幕墙用量均为2亿平方米。但是同时带来的问题是,玻璃成为房屋保温隔热的薄弱环节。炎热的夏天白天室外环境的热量会通过玻璃传递入到室内,冬天室内的热量会通过玻璃流失到寒冷的室外,降低房屋的保温效果。当前我国的建筑能耗占社会总能耗的28%,而窗户成为建筑物能量损失的主要途径——约有30%-40%的能量是通过窗户流失的。因为随着经济水平的发展和人们对生活质量的要求不断提高,为了追求室内的生活工作学习的舒适度,空调成为必不可少的温控装置。空调的大功率不仅提高了用电量而且排放的氟利昂对臭氧层有破坏作用,减弱臭氧层对紫外辐射的吸收能力,危害人类的健康,破坏生态系统。所以发展一种低能耗的建筑材料是解决能源环境危机的一个重要的发展方向。电致变色是指材料的光学属性(反射率、透过率、吸收率等)在外加电场的作用下发生稳定、可逆的颜色变化的现象,在外观上表现为颜色和透明度的可逆变化。
自从Deb.S.K.1969年首次发现WO3薄膜的电致变色现象以来,人们陆续发现了很多具有电致变色性能的物质,使电致变色材料显示出了广阔的市场应用前景。20世纪80年代美国科学家C,M.LamPert和瑞典科学家C.G.Granqvist等人提出了以电致变色膜为基础的一种新型节能窗,即灵巧节能调光窗(smart window)。1994年德国人利用电致变色新技术制成了欧洲第一面利用电致变色可控制的玻璃外墙。在建筑物上面安装电致变色玻璃可以有效的控制外界的热辐射和内部的热扩散,减少办公大楼和民用住宅在夏季保持凉爽和冬季保持温暖而必须消耗的大量能源;同时起到改善自然光照程度、防窥的目的。据估算,电致变色玻璃的应用可以降低空调能耗30%,减少空调装机功率25%,具有巨大市场应用前景。
目前的电致变色材料分为阳极电致变色和阴极电致变色,阴极电致变色材料包括WO3,MoO3,V2O5,Nb2O5等,阳极电致变色材料包括NiO,IrOx,Rh2O3,TiO2等。其中NiO做为阳极电致变色材料具有原料易得,成本低,光学调制幅度大等优点而被广泛研究。
发明内容
本发明主要应用成本较低、操作简单的电化学沉积技术进行镀膜,制备的薄膜优点是用于镀膜的溶液配制比较简单,以与玻璃之间的润湿性比较好的乙醇和在电沉积过程中提供OH-的水做为溶剂,配制过程简单,原料易得,且能在较小的电压下制备出大面积(4×5cm2)均匀的电致变色薄膜。
为实现低成本、制备工艺稳定、可复制性强、操作简单这一目的,采用如下技术方案。
一种电致变色智能窗变色层的NiO电致变色薄膜的简单大面积制备方法,其特征在于,采用电化学工作站,镀膜时为三电极体系,恒电压沉积;衬底是透明的ITO玻璃,ITO玻璃做为工作电极,铂片为对电极,Ag/AgCl电极为参比电极,将工作电极与对电极进行平行相对排列,镀膜电压为-0.7V,时间为6min。电镀液组成为NiCl2·6H2O的乙醇水溶液,其中优选乙醇和水的体积比为3:1,每10mmol NiCl2·6H2O对应75mL乙醇。
进一步还包括:将镀有薄膜的ITO玻璃取出以后用乙醇轻轻冲洗掉上面的溶液,在40℃的温度下干燥10min;将干燥好的薄膜在管式炉中300℃下退火2h并降至室温。
本发明采用的镀膜仪器为工作模式较稳定性的电化学工作站。为了得到分布均匀,性能良好的电致变色薄膜,本发明选择沉积模式为恒电压沉积,镀膜时为三电极体系。衬底是透明的ITO玻璃,这与在电致变色智能窗上面的应用一致。ITO玻璃做为工作电极,铂片为对电极,Ag/AgCl电极为参比电极,镀膜电压约为-0.7V,时间为6min。
附图说明
图1实施例1制备好的NiO电致变色薄膜在激活期(1-50圈)的CV图
图2实施例1制备好的NiO电致变色薄膜原位光学透过率变化;
图3:实施例1制备好的NiO电致变色薄膜经过激活期后(50圈)在可见光范围内的着褪色光学透过率;
图4为实施例1制备好的NiO电致变色薄膜经过激活期后(50圈)在可见光范围内的着褪色光学相应的照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和以NiO变色材料为具体实施方式,进一步阐明本发明的实质性特点和显著优点,本发明决非仅局限于所陈述的实施例,该专利对于其他相类似的制备工艺具有相同的指导作用。
实施例1
1)制备电沉积NiO电致变色薄膜的前躯体溶液:将10mmol NiCl2·6H2O,溶解在75mL乙醇和25mL水中,搅拌均匀即可用来镀膜。配制溶液的过程中无需调节PH值等参数,制备过程简单并且原料简单易得,大大提高了制备薄膜的效率;
2)用电化学工作站采用上海辰华电化学工作站的恒压模式镀膜:镀膜的工作电极为5×5cm2的ITO玻璃,对电极为铂片,参比电极为Ag/AgCl,将工作电极与对电极进行平行对称排列。恒电压沉积的电压设为-0.7V,镀膜时间设为6min,薄膜的面积为4×5cm2
3)将镀有薄膜的玻璃取出以后用乙醇轻轻冲洗掉上面的溶液,在40℃的温度下干燥10min;
4)将干燥好的薄膜在管式炉中300℃下退火2h并降至室温;
5)将退火好的薄膜用三电极体系在1M的KOH电解质溶液中测试。
数据和照片充分说明了仅用简单的乙醇和水配制的NiCl2·6H2O溶液镀出来的薄膜能发生变色反应,并能镀出大面积均匀的NiO薄膜。

Claims (3)

1.一种电致变色智能窗变色层的NiO电致变色薄膜的简单大面积制备方法,其特征在于,采用电化学工作站,镀膜时为三电极体系,恒电压沉积;衬底是透明的ITO玻璃,ITO玻璃做为工作电极,铂片为对电极,Ag/AgCl电极为参比电极,将工作电极与对电极进行平行相对排列,镀膜电压为-0.7V,时间为6min;电镀液组成为NiCl2·6H2O的乙醇水溶液。
2.按照权利要求1所述的一种电致变色智能窗变色层的NiO电致变色薄膜的简单大面积制备方法,其特征在于,乙醇和水的体积比为3:1,每10mmol NiCl2·6H2O对应75mL乙醇。
3.按照权利要求1所述的一种电致变色智能窗变色层的NiO电致变色薄膜的简单大面积制备方法,其特征在于,还包括:将镀有薄膜的ITO玻璃取出以后用乙醇轻轻冲洗掉上面的溶液,在40℃的温度下干燥10min;将干燥好的薄膜在管式炉中300℃下退火2h并降至室温。
CN201811028965.6A 2018-09-05 2018-09-05 电致变色智能窗变色层的NiO电致变色薄膜的简单大面积制备方法 Pending CN109180018A (zh)

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Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102515564A (zh) * 2011-12-08 2012-06-27 浙江理工大学 一种氧化镍电致变色薄膜及其制备方法
CN104962969A (zh) * 2015-07-10 2015-10-07 哈尔滨工业大学 一种三维电致变色氧化镍薄膜的制备方法

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102515564A (zh) * 2011-12-08 2012-06-27 浙江理工大学 一种氧化镍电致变色薄膜及其制备方法
CN104962969A (zh) * 2015-07-10 2015-10-07 哈尔滨工业大学 一种三维电致变色氧化镍薄膜的制备方法

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A.C. SONAVANE ET AL: "Simple and rapid synthesis of NiO/PPy thin films with improved electrochromic performance", 《ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA》 *
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