CN109179665B

CN109179665B - Checkered planting technology for aquatic plants in riverway

Info

Publication number: CN109179665B
Application number: CN201811072728.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 钱新; 谢孟星; 李慧明; 范一凡
Original assignee: Nanjing University
Current assignee: Nanjing University
Priority date: 2018-09-14
Filing date: 2018-09-14
Publication date: 2020-05-26
Anticipated expiration: 2038-09-14
Also published as: CN109179665A

Abstract

The invention relates to a squared planting technology for aquatic plants in a riverway, which comprises a planting disc and a planting rope, wherein the planting disc is fixed at a position close to a bank, emergent aquatic plants and floating-leaf plants are planted in the planting disc, the planting rope is made of a biological rope material, one end of the planting rope is fixed on a bracket of the planting disc, the rope is placed along the cross section of the riverway, and a plurality of floating-leaf plants and submerged plants are respectively arranged on the rope from shallow to deep according to the water depth. The invention constructs a three-dimensional structure of emergent water, floating leaves and submerged water, and plays a synergistic effect with a plant community, thereby solving the reconstruction problem of aquatic vegetation in a riverway under the conditions that the aquatic vegetation in a riverway nearshore zone is difficult to plant, and the plant growth substrate is lacked after dredging.

Description

Checkered planting technology for aquatic plants in riverway

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of pollution control of water bodies, in particular to a grid planting technology of aquatic plants in a riverway.

Background

With the rapid development of cities, the quality of life of people is improved, and a large amount of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater are discharged into urban river channels. Causing serious pollution to rivers. At present, rivers in most cities in China have pollution of different degrees, and especially in cities with more developed industrial development, the pollution is particularly prominent. Rivers are an important component of urban ecological environment, and due to rapid expansion of urban scale, the amount of sewage in urban rivers is rapidly increased, and the river self-cleaning capacity is exceeded. In recent years, the urban river pollution phenomenon is endless, which not only brings serious economic loss, but also brings serious harm to the urban environment. The continuous occurrence of urban river pollution events not only destroys the original ecological system of the river and weakens the required ecological functions of the urban river, but also influences the external image of the city to a certain extent.

At present, the ecological restoration technology is the center of urban river pollution restoration technology, and the ecological restoration technology treats polluted water by improving the purification capacity and the material circulation rule of the nature. Currently, the repair and treatment methods which are being researched and put into use in China can be classified into three major categories, namely physical repair, chemical repair and biological repair.

In recent years, river ecological restoration has been studied and practiced all over the world, and through the research and practice, it has been found that: the bioremediation has a very obvious effect on the treatment of the polluted water body, and not only can the polluted water body be effectively restored for a long time, but also the surrounding environment is basically not affected.

Bioremediation is to utilize animals, plants and microorganisms in the river course to absorb and transform pollutants so as to achieve the purposes of purifying water bodies and gradually restoring ecology. In the riverway restoration process, animals, plants and microorganisms play different roles, so that when the bioremediation technology is applied, the animals, plants and microorganisms can be single, and can also be effectively combined to form an ecological circulation system.

The aquatic plant recovery is a key for water body ecological recovery and reconstruction, but because the aquatic plant is difficult to construct under actual conditions, the large-area artificial quick recovery of the aquatic plant has great difficulty. At present, the following planting methods are mainly adopted:

(1) the bamboo stick cuttage method comprises the steps of bundling aquatic plants into small bundles, forming a notch on the head of each bamboo chip, clamping the plants into the notches, holding the bamboo chips by hand to insert submerged plants into underwater bottom mud, and slightly pulling out the bamboo chips. For areas with large wind waves, the bamboo sticks can be left at the water bottom, so that the bamboo sticks can assist plants to resist the impact of the wind waves before the plants are rooted.

(2) The container earthing planting method is to plant the plant in soil container and to sink the container into water.

(3) A wrapping method comprises the following steps: the roots of the plants are wrapped with mud balls and thrown into the water, the roots sink to the water bottom, and the plants grow initially with the aid of the planting soil in the wrapping.

Among the three methods, the survival rate of the cutting method is high, but the construction is very difficult, workers are required to plant the seedlings in a cluster in a complex river channel environment, the efficiency is low, and the labor cost is high. The container soil covering planting method is used under the cross section of an inclined river, so that the container is difficult to fix on the cross section and even turns over laterally, and plants die; and soil can constantly run off under the scouring action of rivers, and when reaching certain degree, the plant can be washed away by rivers because of the root system lacks fixedly. Although the wrapping method is easy to operate, the soil mass at the root of the plant is easily scattered and washed away by water flow or wind waves.

In conclusion, the restoration of aquatic vegetation in rivers and lakes not only can purify water and improve habitat, but also has the effect of beautifying the environment. However, due to the lack of a good planting method, the large-scale reconstruction of aquatic vegetation in the riverway is very difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a riverway aquatic plant planting system and a riverway aquatic plant planting method aiming at the defects in the prior art, which construct a three-dimensional structure of emergent water, floating leaves and submerged water, play a synergistic effect with plant communities and can solve the problem of reconstruction of riverway aquatic vegetation under the conditions that the riverway aquatic vegetation in a near-shore zone is difficult to plant, and plant growth substrates are lacked after dredging.

The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

a grid planting system for aquatic plants in a riverway comprises a planting disc and a planting rope, wherein the planting disc is fixed at a position close to a bank, emergent aquatic plants and floating leaf plants are planted in the planting disc, the planting rope is made of a biological rope material, one end of the planting rope is fixed on a support of the planting disc, a rope is placed along the section of the riverway, a plurality of floating leaf plants and submerged plants are respectively arranged on the rope from shallow to deep according to the water depth, and the whole system constructs a three-dimensional structure of emergent water, floating leaves and submerged water; the biological rope has large specific surface area of the filler, adsorbs microorganisms in water, and plays a synergistic effect with plant communities to effectively remove pollutants.

Furthermore, the planting tray is made of waterproof and anti-corrosion materials and is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the lower part is used as a support, the upper layer is used as a planting barrel, and a non-woven bag wrapping plants and nutrient media is placed in the planting barrel.

The planting tray is provided with four arc-shaped foot supports which can be easily embedded into bottom mud, and the upper layer is provided with nine cylindrical planting buckets; the inner wall of the planting barrel is provided with a clamping groove and a corresponding cover which can be embedded on the clamping groove, and the non-woven bag is fixed in the groove on the premise of not influencing the growth of plants.

Preferably, the planting plate is made of hard PVC hard plates, the overall size is 55 × 17cm, and the diameter of the cylindrical planting barrel is 10 cm.

Preferably, four clamping grooves are formed in each planting barrel and are divided into an upper section and a lower section, the clamping groove of the upper section is 1cm, the clamping groove of the lower section is 6.5cm, and a 5mm interval is reserved in the middle.

The biological rope is made of polypropylene fibers with strong hydrophilicity, vinylon and nylon with stable structures and polyvinylidene chloride materials with good elastic recovery effect.

Aerobic microorganisms are attached to the outer layer of the biological rope, anaerobic microorganisms are attached to the inner layer of the biological rope, and the formed biological film can greatly improve the purification effect of the water body.

The hanging mode of the plants on the planting ropes is that the plants are fixed in the planting sponge, and then the sponge and the non-woven bag wrapping the nutrient substrate are bound on the planting ropes through the buckle belt.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the aquatic plant planting system for the riverway can purify water, improve habitat and beautify environment, can be used for large-scale reconstruction of aquatic vegetation of the riverway, and constructs a three-dimensional structure of emergent water, floating leaves and submerged water in the whole system. In addition, the biological rope has large specific surface area of the filler, adsorbs a plurality of microorganisms, and can effectively remove pollutants such as organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in water by playing a synergistic effect with the plant community.

Drawings

FIG. 1: the planting tray is in a schematic structural view from top.

FIG. 2: the structure of the planting disc is schematically shown.

FIG. 3: the structure of the cover of the planting tray is shown schematically.

FIG. 4: schematic representation of the fixing mode of the plant.

FIG. 5: the invention relates to a river channel space layout diagram.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.

Arrange check planting device at river course both sides, the system comprises planting dish 1, field planting cable 2 and non-woven sack 3, can solve the reconstruction problem of river course aquatic vegetation under the circumstances such as the aquatic vegetation of river course plants difficulty, lack vegetation matrix behind the desilting in the near bank zone of river course. The specific implementation space layout of the river channel is shown in figure 5.

(1) Planting a disc 1: emergent aquatic plants such as cattail, reed and the like and some floating-leaf plants are mainly planted. Firstly, plants penetrate through the planting cotton, then exposed root systems are inserted into a non-woven bag (shown in figure 4) wrapping a growth substrate, finally, the planting cotton and the non-woven bag are bound through a nylon fastener tape, the planting cotton and the non-woven bag are placed in a grid, and a cover is covered.

(2) A non-woven fabric bag 2: floating-leaf plants and submerged plants are mainly planted in the non-woven fabric bags 2 on the planting ropes 3, and the wrapping mode is the same as that of the figure 4.

(3) Planting rope 3: the non-woven bags are fixed on the planting ropes after wrapping the plants, and the distance between the bags is controlled between 10cm and 40cm according to the types of the plants. One end of the rope is tied on the planting plate bracket, so that one planting plate can be matched with two planting ropes.

(4) The system is fixed and then placed in the river channel.

In the embodiment, the grid planting plate is made of hard PVC hard plates, is waterproof and anticorrosive, and has the overall size of 55 × 17 cm. Can be divided into an upper part and a lower part, and the lower part is used as a bracket. The four foot supports are arc-shaped and can be easily embedded into the bottom mud. The upper layer is provided with 9 cylindrical planting barrels with the diameter of 10cm, and non-woven bags for wrapping aquatic plants and nutrient media are placed in the barrels; four clamping grooves (divided into an upper section and a lower section, wherein the upper section is 1cm, the lower section is 6.5cm, and a 5mm interval is reserved in the middle) are arranged in each barrel and are provided with a special cover. The cover is used for fixing the non-woven bag in the groove on the premise of not influencing the growth of plants.

In this embodiment, the field planting cable adopts novel high performance contact filtration material-biological rope, and this kind of biological rope is formed by the processing preparation of materials such as the novel contact oxidation material polypropylene fibre that hydrophilicity is strong, stable in structure's vinlon and nylon to and polyvinylidene chloride that elasticity recovery effect is good, and aerobic microorganism is attached to its skin, and anaerobic microorganism is attached to the inlayer, and the purifying effect of water can be improved greatly to the biomembrane of formation. In the invention, the biological rope is fixed on the bracket of the planting basket, is arranged along the cross section of the river channel and mainly plays a role of suspending aquatic plants.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention in any way, and any person skilled in the art can make any simple modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement on the above embodiment without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a check planting system of river aquatic plant which characterized in that: the planting plate is fixed at a position close to a bank, emergent aquatic plants and floating leaf plants are planted in the planting plate, the planting rope is made of biological rope materials, one end of the planting rope is fixed on a support of the planting plate, a rope is placed along the section of a river channel, a plurality of floating leaf plants and submerged plants are respectively arranged on the rope from shallow to deep according to the water depth, and the whole system constructs a three-dimensional structure of 'emergent aquatic plants, floating leaves and submerged plants'; the biological rope has large specific surface area of the filler, so that the biological rope adsorbs microorganisms in water and plays a synergistic effect with plant communities to effectively remove pollutants; the planting tray is made of waterproof and anticorrosive materials and is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the lower part is used as a bracket, the upper layer is used as a planting barrel, and a non-woven bag for wrapping plants and nutrient media is placed in the planting barrel; the planting tray is provided with four arc-shaped foot supports which can be easily embedded into bottom mud, and the upper layer is provided with nine cylindrical planting buckets; the inner wall of the planting barrel is provided with a clamping groove and a corresponding cover which can be embedded on the clamping groove, and the non-woven bag is fixed in the groove on the premise of not influencing the growth of plants; the outer layer of the biological rope is attached with aerobic microorganisms, the inner layer is attached with anaerobic microorganisms, and the formed biological film can greatly improve the purification effect of the water body; the hanging mode of the plants on the planting ropes is that the plants are fixed in the planting sponge, and then the sponge and a non-woven bag wrapping the nutrient substrate are bound on the planting ropes through a buckle belt; the biological rope is made of polypropylene fibers with strong hydrophilicity, vinylon and nylon with stable structures and polyvinylidene chloride materials with good elastic recovery effect.

2. The tessellation planting system of claim 1, wherein: the planting plate is made of hard PVC hard plates, the overall size is 55 x 17cm, and the diameter of the cylindrical planting barrel is 10 cm.

3. The tessellation planting system of claim 1, wherein: four clamping grooves are arranged in each planting barrel and are divided into an upper section and a lower section, the clamping groove of the upper section is 1cm, the clamping groove of the lower section is 6.5cm, and a 5mm interval is reserved in the middle.