CN109172741B - 一种防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂银板喹肟喷剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂银板喹肟喷剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109172741B CN109172741B CN201811321438.4A CN201811321438A CN109172741B CN 109172741 B CN109172741 B CN 109172741B CN 201811321438 A CN201811321438 A CN 201811321438A CN 109172741 B CN109172741 B CN 109172741B
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂银板喹肟喷剂,包括以下质量份数的原料药材:头孢喹肟10‑50份、金银花、板蓝根混合提取物20‑50份、白芨粉末20‑50份、冰片粉末1‑20份以及辅料硬脂酸铝1‑25份。本发明由头孢喹肟、金银花与板蓝根混合提取物、白芨粉末、冰片粉末及硬脂酸铝制备的中西复方制剂‑银板喹肟喷剂,结合了中药金银花清热解毒强、板蓝根较强的清热解毒功效及白芨收敛止血、消肿生肌、冰片外用清热止痛、防腐止痒的功效;中药药材联合抗生素对宠物脓皮病的治愈率大大提高,缩短了疗程,且减少了长期大剂量使用抗生素对宠物的副作用;本发明工艺简单,操作性强、质量稳定性好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于兽药领域,尤其是一种防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
宠物本身是深受主人喜爱伴侣动物,但一旦患上脓皮病,宠物脱毛、化脓后有恶臭,使主人苦不堪言,无法与宠物亲近。宠物的脓皮病多由葡萄球菌、链球菌、绿脓杆菌、化脓性棒状杆菌引起。患病宠物于胸腹部及四肢部皮肤瘙痒、红疹、脱毛,体表多处出现肿胀,化脓,破溃,流出大量黄白色分泌物,恶臭,严重时可导致病犬因败血症死亡。
目前对于该病的治疗是以抗生素治疗为主,疗程长,而长期大剂量使用抗生素具有副作用,对患病宠物的健康有很大的影响。而中药制剂对防治宠物脓皮病的治疗效果不佳、疗程长、治愈率不高,因此研发一种毒副作用小、可有效防止宠物脓皮病的药剂,是目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种工艺简单,操作性强、质量稳定性好、疗效优良的防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂银板喹肟喷剂。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂银板喹肟喷剂,由原料药材和辅料组成,所述原料药材包括以下质量份数的组分:
头孢喹肟 10-50份、
金银花、板蓝根混合提取物 20-50份、
白芨粉末 20-50份、
冰片粉末 1-20份;
所述辅料包括有机溶剂和1-25份质量份数的硬脂酸铝,其中有机溶剂的添加量为:加入有机溶剂使每1000ml银板喹肟喷剂中含原料药材51-170g。
进一步的,将质量比为1:3-3:1的金银花和板蓝根进行提取得到所述的金银花、板蓝根混合提取物。
进一步的,所述金银花、板蓝根混合提取物的制备方法为:
按配方量取金银花、板蓝根饮片,加入到提取罐中,加药材质量的3-5倍量水,在60-80℃温度下浸30-40分钟,然后再加水至8倍药材质量的量,煎煮2次,第一次1.5小时,第二次1小时,合并煎液,减压浓缩,得相对密度为1.15~1.20的清膏;然后加乙醇使清膏含醇量达70-80%,静置24小时,过滤,得一次滤液和滤渣;滤渣再加乙醇使含醇量达80-90%,静置24小时,过滤,将得到的滤液与一次滤液合并,然后回收乙醇,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.15~1.20的清膏,再喷雾干燥,得到金银花、板蓝根提取物。同时提取可以减少燃气、乙醇的使用量以及减少人工投入,从而节约成本。
进一步的,所述减压浓缩的温度为60℃。
进一步的,所述的白芨粉末由白芨粉碎后过300目筛所得;所述的冰片粉末由冰片粉碎后过300目筛所得。
进一步的,所述的头孢喹肟选用硫酸头孢喹肟。
进一步的,所述的有机溶剂选用大豆油、油酸乙酯、苯甲酸苄酯中的一种或几种。
一种防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂银板喹肟喷剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
(1)取配方量的硬脂酸铝,加入有机溶剂,在50-60℃温度下溶胀8-12小时,再加热至完全溶解,冷却得到油胶,备用;
(2)取配方量的头孢喹肟、金银花、板蓝根混合提取物、白芨粉末、冰片粉末加入有机溶剂中,搅拌均匀后,再加入步骤(1)所得的油胶,搅拌,然后加入有机溶剂定容,过胶体磨3-5次,即得银板喹肟喷剂。
进一步的,所述的有机溶剂选用大豆油、油酸乙酯、苯甲酸苄酯中的一种或几种。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)加入有机溶剂定容至每1000ml银板喹肟喷剂中含原料药材51-170g。银板喹肟喷剂喷雾一次的量为恒定的,若浓度过高,会造成药物过多,造成不必要的浪费;同样,若浓度过低,则达不到杀灭细菌的浓度,则会增加喷雾次数,但喷雾次数过多,药液就多,药液会流失,也会造成浪费。
各原料的药理功效如下:
头孢喹肟:头孢喹肟是一种西药制剂,主要用于敏感菌引起的猪、牛的呼吸系统感染等病症;头孢喹肟 是目前唯一一个动物专用第四代头孢类抗生素,具有抗菌谱广,抗菌活性强的特点,适用于非肠道用药。
金银花:性味甘,寒;归经归肺、心、胃经;功能主治清热解毒,凉散风热;用于痈肿疔疮,喉痹,丹毒,热毒血痢,风热感冒,温病发热。
板蓝根:性味微苦、微涩、性凉、有毒;功能主治清热解毒、止血敛疮、主痒腮、毒蛇咬伤、刀伤出血、湿疹、疮疡溃烂。
白芨:性味苦、甘、涩,微寒;归经归肺、肝、胃经;功能主治收敛止血,消肿生肌。用于咳血吐血,外伤出血,疮疡肿毒,皮肤皲裂;肺结核咳血,溃疡病出血。
冰片:性味辛、苦,微寒;归经归心、脾、肺经;功能主治开窍醒神,清热止痛,用于热病神昏、痉厥,中风痰厥,气郁暴厥,中恶昏迷,目赤,口疮,咽喉肿痛,耳道流脓。
硬脂酸铝:硬脂酸铝为有毒白色或微黄色粉末,不溶于水、乙醇、乙醚,溶于碱、松节油、矿油、石油、煤油及苯等溶剂中,遇强酸分解成硬脂酸和相应的盐。硬脂酸铝为助悬剂,增加分散介质的黏度以降低微粒的沉降速度。
西药头孢喹肟为抗生素,侧重于杀灭细菌,而对其他兼证没有作用,若没有其他辅助治疗的药物,头孢喹肟在杀灭细菌后,动物机体的炎症、损伤仅能靠动物机体自身恢复,其过程缓慢。而在加上中药金银花、板蓝根、白芨、冰片辅助治疗,可以加速动物机体的恢复,金银花、板蓝根清热解毒的功效对炎症引起的红肿热痛均有较好的缓解作用,并且金银花、板蓝根在现代研究还具有抗菌、抗病的作用,进一步协助头孢喹肟杀灭细菌;白芨具有收敛止血、消肿生肌的功效,可以促进伤口的快速愈合;冰片清热止痛、防腐止痒的功效可以减轻炎症的疼痛反应,同时避免因细菌、炎症所致动物骚痒,也可以避免因瘙痒反复摩擦而致动物再次损伤。因此几者配合,相辅相成,可提高对宠物脓皮病的治愈率,缩短疗程。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明由头孢喹肟、金银花、板蓝根混合提取物、白芨粉末、冰片粉末及硬脂酸铝制备的中西复方制剂-银板喹肟喷剂,结合了中药金银花清热解毒强、板蓝根较强的清热解毒功效及白芨收敛止血、消肿生肌、冰片外用清热止痛、防腐止痒的功效;中药药材联合抗生素对宠物脓皮病的治愈率大大提高,缩短了疗程,且减少了长期大剂量使用抗生素对宠物的副作用;本发明工艺简单,操作性强、质量稳定性好。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步说明。
实施例1:
将质量比为1: 1的金银花和板蓝根加入到提取罐中,加药材金银花和板蓝根质量的5倍量水,在60-80℃温度下浸30分钟,然后再加水至8倍药材质量的量,煎煮2次,第一次1.5小时,倒出煎液,然后再加入药材质量8倍量的水,煎煮1小时,然后合并两次煎煮的煎液,减压浓缩,得在60℃温度下相对密度为1.15~1.20的清膏;然后加乙醇使清膏含醇量达70-80%,静置24小时,过滤,得一次滤液和滤渣;滤渣再加乙醇使含醇量达80-90%,静置24小时,过滤,将得到的滤液与一次滤液合并,然后回收乙醇,减压浓缩至在60℃温度下相对密度为1.15~1.20的清膏,再喷雾干燥,得到金银花、板蓝根提取物。
取以下质量份数的原料药材:硫酸头孢喹肟(按头孢喹肟的量计)20g、金银花、板蓝根混合提取物 30g、白芨粉末 20g、冰片粉末 5g,以及辅料硬脂酸铝 2g。
将原料白芨粉碎后过300目筛得白芨粉末;将冰片粉碎后过300目筛得冰片粉末。
一种防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂银板喹肟喷剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
(1)取配方量的硬脂酸铝,加入大豆油300ml,在50-60℃温度下溶胀10小时,再加热至完全溶解,冷却得到油胶,备用;
(2)取配方量的硫酸头孢喹肟、金银花、板蓝根混合提取物、白芨粉末、冰片粉末加入有机溶剂油酸乙酯中,搅拌均匀后,再加入步骤(1)所得的油胶,搅拌,再加油酸乙酯定容至1000ml,过胶体磨3次,即得中西复方制剂-银板喹肟喷剂。
实施例2:
将质量比为2: 1的金银花和板蓝根加入到提取罐中,加药材金银花和板蓝根质量的5倍量水,在60-80℃温度下浸30分钟,然后再加水至8倍药材质量的量,煎煮2次,第一次1.5小时,第二次1小时,合并煎液,减压浓缩,得在60℃温度下相对密度为1.15~1.20的清膏;然后加乙醇使清膏含醇量达70-80%,静置24小时,过滤,得一次滤液和滤渣;滤渣再加乙醇使含醇量达80-90%,静置24小时,过滤,将得到的滤液与一次滤液合并,然后回收乙醇,减压浓缩至在60℃温度下相对密度为1.15~1.20的清膏,再喷雾干燥,得到金银花、板蓝根提取物。
取以下质量份数的原料药材:硫酸头孢喹肟(按头孢喹肟的量计)30g、金银花、板蓝根混合提取物 20g、白芨粉末 30g、冰片粉末 10g,以及辅料硬脂酸铝5g。
将白芨粉碎后过300目筛得白芨粉末;将冰片粉碎后过300目筛得冰片粉末。
一种防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂银板喹肟喷剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
(1)取配方量的硬脂酸铝,加入大豆油300ml,在50-60℃温度下溶胀10小时,再加热至完全溶解,冷却得到油胶,备用;
(2)取配方量的硫酸头孢喹肟、金银花、板蓝根混合提取物、白芨粉末、冰片粉末加入150mL有机溶剂苯甲酸苄酯中,搅拌均匀后,再加入步骤(1)所得的油胶,搅拌,再加油酸乙酯定容至1000ml,过胶体磨3次,即得中西复方制剂-银板喹肟喷剂。
实施例3:
将质量比为1: 2的金银花和板蓝根加入到提取罐中,加药材金银花和板蓝根质量的5倍量水,在60-80℃温度下浸30分钟,然后再加水至8倍药材质量的量,煎煮2次,第一次1.5小时,第二次1小时,合并煎液,减压浓缩,得在60℃温度下相对密度为1.15~1.20的清膏;然后加乙醇使清膏含醇量达70-80%,静置24小时,过滤,得一次滤液和滤渣;滤渣再加乙醇使含醇量达80-90%,静置24小时,过滤,将得到的滤液与一次滤液合并,然后回收乙醇,减压浓缩至在60℃温度下相对密度为1.15~1.20的清膏,再喷雾干燥,得到金银花、板蓝根提取物。
取以下质量份数的原料药材:硫酸头孢喹肟(按头孢喹肟的量计)30g、金银花、板蓝根混合提取物 20g、白芨粉末30g、冰片粉末 10g,以及辅料硬脂酸铝 10g。
将白芨粉碎后过300目筛得白芨粉末;将冰片粉碎后过300目筛得冰片粉末。
一种防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂银板喹肟喷剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
(1)取配方量的硬脂酸铝,加入油酸乙酯,在50-60℃温度下溶胀10小时,再加热至完全溶解,冷却得到油胶,备用;
(2)取配方量的硫酸头孢喹肟、金银花、板蓝根混合提取物、白芨粉末、冰片粉末加入有机溶剂油酸乙酯中,搅拌均匀后,再加入步骤(1)所得的油胶,搅拌,再加油酸乙酯定容至1000ml,过胶体磨3次,即得中西复方制剂-银板喹肟喷剂。
实施例4:
将质量比为3: 1的金银花和板蓝根加入到提取罐中,加药材金银花和板蓝根质量的5倍量水,在60-80℃温度下浸30分钟,然后再加水至8倍药材质量的量,煎煮2次,第一次1.5小时,第二次1小时,合并煎液,减压浓缩,得在60℃温度下相对密度为1.15~1.20的清膏;然后加乙醇使清膏含醇量达70-80%,静置24小时,过滤,得一次滤液和滤渣;滤渣再加乙醇使含醇量达80-90%,静置24小时,过滤,将得到的滤液与一次滤液合并,然后回收乙醇,减压浓缩至在60℃温度下相对密度为1.15~1.20的清膏,再喷雾干燥,得到金银花、板蓝根提取物。
取以下质量份数的原料药材:硫酸头孢喹肟(按头孢喹肟的量计50g、金银花、板蓝根混合提取物 30g、白芨粉末 30g、冰片粉末 5g,以及辅料硬脂酸铝 15g。
将白芨粉碎后过300目筛得白芨粉末;将冰片粉碎后过300目筛得冰片粉末。
一种防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂银板喹肟喷剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
(1)取配方量的硬脂酸铝,加入甲酸苄酯,在50-60℃温度下溶胀8小时,再加热至完全溶解,冷却得到油胶,备用;
(2)取配方量的硫酸头孢喹肟、金银花、板蓝根混合提取物、白芨粉末、冰片粉末加入有机溶剂甲酸苄酯中,搅拌均匀后,再加入步骤(1)所得的油胶,搅拌,再加甲酸苄酯定容至1000ml,过胶体磨3次,即得中西复方制剂-银板喹肟喷剂。
实施例5:
将质量比为1: 3的金银花和板蓝根加入到提取罐中,加药材金银花和板蓝根质量的5倍量水,在60-80℃温度下浸30分钟,然后再加水至8倍药材质量的量,煎煮2次,第一次1.5小时,第二次1小时,合并煎液,减压浓缩,得在60℃温度下相对密度为1.15~1.20的清膏;然后加乙醇使清膏含醇量达70-80%,静置24小时,过滤,得一次滤液和滤渣;滤渣再加乙醇使含醇量达80-90%,静置24小时,过滤,将得到的滤液与一次滤液合并,然后回收乙醇,减压浓缩至在60℃温度下相对密度为1.15~1.20的清膏,再喷雾干燥,得到金银花、板蓝根提取物。
取以下质量份数的原料药材:硫酸头孢喹肟(按头孢喹肟的量计)20g、金银花、板蓝根混合提取物 50g、白芨粉末20g、冰片粉末 10g,以及辅料硬脂酸铝 20g。
将白芨粉碎后过300目筛得白芨粉末;将冰片粉碎后过300目筛得冰片粉末。
一种防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂银板喹肟喷剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
(1)取配方量的硬脂酸铝,加入大豆油,在50-60℃温度下溶胀12小时,再加热至完全溶解,冷却得到油胶,备用;
(2)取配方量的硫酸头孢喹肟、金银花、板蓝根混合提取物、白芨粉末、冰片粉末加入有机溶剂大豆油中,搅拌均匀后,再加入步骤(1)所得的油胶,搅拌,再加大豆油定容至1000ml,过胶体磨3次,即得中西复方制剂-银板喹肟喷剂。
本发明所进行的应用实验1:
1、材料
选用实施例1制备的银板喹肟喷剂。
2、供试动物
四川隆昌、重庆荣昌、重庆等几个宠物诊所里就诊的患脓皮病的犬。
3、动物分组
选取皮肤红疹,经微生物分离鉴定为葡萄球菌、链球菌、绿脓杆菌、化脓性棒状杆菌等细菌性感染或混合感染的、红疹数量达到2级及以上的脓皮病病例28例,按照不同的诊所分组,共分为3组,分别为银板喹肟喷剂治疗组(11例);硫酸头孢喹肟注射液治疗组(9例),生理盐水治疗组(8例)。
4、治疗方法
组别 | 治疗药物 | 给药方法 |
组 | 银板喹肟喷剂 | 对着红疹喷洒药物,每天2次,连用5天 |
组 | 硫酸头孢喹肟注射液 | 0.2mL/kg,每天注射一次,连用5天 |
组 | 生理盐水 | 0.2mL/kg,每天注射一次,连用5天 |
5、疗效指标观测
在用药期间和停药后5天观察红疹,并参照冯言言等人对红疹数量评级方法进行评级:0级:无红疹;0.5级:全身偶见小红疹;1级:红疹数1~5个/4 cm2;2级:红疹数6~10个/4 cm2;3级:红疹数11~15个/4 cm2;4级:红疹数超过16个/cm2。对每一只试验动物按照评级标准进行评级,再做统计学分析,得平均值±标准差的结果显示,单位为个/4 cm2;具体分析如下表所示。
6、结果及分析
组别 | 0d | 1d | 2d | 3d | 4d | 5d | 6d | 7d | 8d | 9d | 10d |
2.73±0.62 | 2.73±0.62 | 2.27±0.75 | 1.41±0.70 | 0.59±0.36 | 0.23±0.33 | 0.09±0.19 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
2.67±0.94 | 2.67±0.94 | 2.44±0.83 | 1.89±0.99 | 1.06±0.55 | 0.50±0.41 | 0.39±0.39 | 0.11±0.21 | 0.06±0.16 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
2.71±0.70 | 2.71±0.70 | 2.86±0.83 | 3.00±0.53 | 3.14±0.64 | 3.29±0.45 | 3.43±0.73 | 3.57±0.49 | 3.71±0.45 | 4.00±0.00 | 4.00±0.00 |
由上表结果可知,未治疗组(生理盐水),红疹数量持续增加,最终在观察期内到达4级。而两个治疗的红疹数量则持续下降,最终消失。但银板喹肟喷剂治疗组的效果优于硫酸头孢喹肟注射液治疗组,其红疹数量级数下降较快,用最短的时间消除了红疹。
本发明所进行的应用实验2:
1、材料
选用实施例1制备的银板喹肟喷剂。
2、供试动物
四川隆昌、重庆荣昌、重庆等几个宠物诊所里就诊的患脓皮病的犬。
3、动物分组
选取局部皮肤化脓,流脓液,经微生物分离鉴定为葡萄球菌、链球菌、绿脓杆菌、化脓性棒状杆菌等细菌性感染或混合感染的脓皮病病例17例,按照不同的诊所分组,共分为2组,分别为银板喹肟喷剂治疗组(10例);硫酸头孢喹肟注射液治疗组(7例)。
4、治疗方法
注:治疗前,若有结痂者,先去除结痂再用药治疗。
5、疗效指标观测
在用药期间和停药后观察停止流脓时间、开始结痂时间、结痂完全脱落时间等指标。
6、结果及分析
由于犬已经化脓,担心病情加重,所以未设立空白对照组。从以上结果可知,银板喹肟喷剂疗效更显著,其停止流脓时间、开始结痂时间、结痂完全脱落时间等指标少于硫酸头孢喹肟注射液组,表明犬化脓性脓皮病时,使用银板喹肟喷剂治疗,疗效佳。
Claims (9)
1.一种防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂银板喹肟喷剂,其特征在于:由原料药材和辅料组成,所述原料药材为以下质量份数的组分:
硫酸头孢喹肟 10-50份、
金银花、板蓝根混合提取物 20-50份、
白芨粉末 20-50份、
冰片粉末 1-20份;
所述辅料包括有机溶剂和1-25份质量份数的硬脂酸铝,其中有机溶剂的添加量为:加入有机溶剂使每1000ml银板喹肟喷剂中含原料药材51-170g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂银板喹肟喷剂,其特征在于:将质量比为1:3-3:1的金银花和板蓝根进行提取得到所述的金银花、板蓝根混合提取物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂银板喹肟喷剂,其特征在于:所述金银花、板蓝根混合提取物的制备方法为:
按配方量取金银花、板蓝根饮片,加入到提取罐中,加药材质量的3-5倍量水,在60-80℃温度下浸30-40分钟,然后再加水至8倍药材质量的量,煎煮2次,第一次1.5小时,第二次1小时,合并煎液,减压浓缩,得相对密度为1.15~1.20的清膏;然后加乙醇使清膏含醇量达70-80%,静置24小时,过滤,得一次滤液和滤渣;滤渣再加乙醇使含醇量达80-90%,静置24小时,过滤,将得到的滤液与一次滤液合并,然后回收乙醇,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.15~1.20的清膏,再喷雾干燥,得到金银花、板蓝根提取物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂银板喹肟喷剂,其特征在于:所述减压浓缩的温度为60℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂银板喹肟喷剂,其特征在于:所述的白芨粉末由白芨粉碎后过300目筛所得;所述的冰片粉末由冰片粉碎后过300目筛所得。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂银板喹肟喷剂,其特征在于:所述的有机溶剂选用大豆油、油酸乙酯、苯甲酸苄酯中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的一种防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂银板喹肟喷剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤,
(1)取配方量的硬脂酸铝,加入有机溶剂,在50-60℃温度下溶胀8-12小时,再加热至完全溶解,冷却得到油胶,备用;
(2)取配方量的头孢喹肟、金银花、板蓝根混合提取物、白芨粉末、冰片粉末加入有机溶剂中,搅拌均匀后,再加入步骤(1)所得的油胶,搅拌,然后加入有机溶剂定容,过胶体磨3-5次,即得银板喹肟喷剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂银板喹肟喷剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的有机溶剂选用大豆油、油酸乙酯、苯甲酸苄酯中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种防治宠物脓皮病的中西复方制剂银板喹肟喷剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)加入有机溶剂定容至每1000ml银板喹肟喷剂中含原料药材51-170g。
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