CN109170360A - A kind of feed and preparation method thereof improving delicious amino acid content in muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea free amino acid - Google Patents

A kind of feed and preparation method thereof improving delicious amino acid content in muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea free amino acid Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109170360A
CN109170360A CN201810994095.1A CN201810994095A CN109170360A CN 109170360 A CN109170360 A CN 109170360A CN 201810994095 A CN201810994095 A CN 201810994095A CN 109170360 A CN109170360 A CN 109170360A
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amino acid
fish
feed
muscles
crocea
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黄艳青
谢宁
唐保军
覃干景
王鲁民
王帅杰
李子牛
龚洋洋
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Jiangsu Blue Ocean Fishing Co Ltd
East China Sea Fishery Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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Jiangsu Blue Ocean Fishing Co Ltd
East China Sea Fishery Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
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    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
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    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
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    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of feeds and preparation method thereof of delicious amino acid content in raising muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea free amino acid, including animal protein source, plant protein source and other additives.Rheum officinale fish feed formula of the invention, not only conform with the nutritional need parameter of Larimichthys crocea, delicious amino acid content in hydrolysis amino acid can also be dramatically increased in muscle, especially fresh and sweet taste amino acid content, the promotion degree for finding out muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea quality that can be concise with TAV value, can effectively improve the quality and flavor of cultured large yellow croaker muscle.

Description

It is a kind of improve muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea free amino acid in delicious amino acid content feed and Preparation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to fish mixed feed field, in particular to flavor in a kind of raising muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea free amino acid Feed of amino acid content and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Larimichthys crocea (Pseudosciaena crocea) is under the jurisdiction of Osteichthyes (Osteichthyes) Perciformes (Perciformes) Sciaenidae (Sciaenidae) yellow croaker category, is mainly distributed on China's the East China Sea, the Taiwan Straits And Northern Part of South China Sea, it is one of Chinese four big fishs.Wild Rhubarb fish is standby with its Zhu's lip gold squama, body grace, delicious meat Favored by compatriots, there is the good reputation of " seawater state fish ".With the continuous mature and raising of Larimichthys crocea artificial breeding technique, seawater cage Cultured large yellow croaker is rapidly developed, and is become China and is cultivated largest, the highest marine fish of yield, annual output nearly 15 Ten thousand tons.
With the improvement of living standards, requirement cry of the consumer to aquatic product quality is higher and higher, green non-pollution is produced Product or organic products have become the big problem of worldwide concern.Government agencies at all levels of China have specially set up " aquatic products product thus The mechanisms such as quality supervision measured center ", if Shanghai City Administration of Quality and Technology Supervision had formulated the provincial standard of " safe and high quality aquatic products " already, These behaves show in each bound pair aquatic products quality problems concern.Currently, Larimichthys crocea artificial breeding is main still Dependent on feeding chilled fish.Compared with Wild Rhubarb fish, cultured large yellow croaker occurs that body colour degeneration, meat be soft, flavor decline Etc. quality deteriorations the problems such as, seriously affected artificial breeding Larimichthys crocea economic benefit, become restrict Larimichthys crocea healthy aquaculture can The limiting factor of sustainable development.Therefore, the quality problem of cultured large yellow croaker is increasingly interested by researchers, and improves Larimichthys crocea The quality of muscle improves its delicious flavour and has a very important significance to the economic value for improving cultured large yellow croaker.
Muscle is the final products of fish culture, and free amino acid (FAA) composition and content are muscle proteins in muscle The important component of middle amino acid nutrient value.Studies have shown that the free aminoacid content in aquatile muscle generally compares Terrestrial organism is high, and the free aminoacid content in the flesh of fish includes that flavour and smell play vital work to the flavor of fish With, therefore the free amino acid in the flesh of fish is the important component of flesh quality.It is straight that free amino acid can be used as taste substance The gustatory organ for meeting stimulation people, allows people to feel delicious, but delicious flavour is not to be determined by the amino acid of single kind. Different types of free amino acid type has the characteristics that different flavor, Fresh ear field, sweet taste amino acid and bitter taste amino acid The content of equal variety classes free amino acid and its ratio combination will have a direct impact on the flavor characteristics and delicious flavour degree of meat. Using flavour strength value (Taste Activity Value, TAV) method can effective evaluation free amino acid to the flavour of meat Contribution, it is considered that, TAV value is bigger bigger on the influence of the flavor of meat.
It is reported that Glu and Asp are the characteristic amino acids in delicate flavour, in addition to it can generate delicate flavour, moreover it is possible to enhance food taste The characteristic flavor on basis and sweet taste of the duration of taste, profusely property, complexity and food.Ala is important sweet taste amino acid, with Glu etc. Delicate flavour material interaction, which has, proposes fresh effect.And Gly and Ala has significant contribution to the aquatic products flavour such as crab, shrimp.And Arg sheet It is not the contributor of bitter taste though body shows bitter taste, there is increasing flavor complexity and improving freshness that seafood can be assigned One suitable whole flavor, in addition, His is the contributor of fishiness characteristic flavor on basis.Amino acid can join the flesh of fish during heating With Maillard reaction, thus generate largely can be to the volatile flavor substance that meat flavor works, wherein with Cys and Met Headed by sulfur-containing amino acid play an important role to the generation of cold cuts flavor.Therefore, fresh and sweet taste amino acid in muscular free amino acid Content, Arg and His content related with sea food flavor and sulfur-containing amino acid (Cys, Met) content increase, and both contribute to muscle Flavour is promoted.
The existing research about quality of large yellow croaker, is concentrated mainly under different breeding mode or different family quality of large yellow croaker Difference.Also about the patent in terms of the feed for promoting quality of large yellow croaker, but the above research all fails to important in muscle The composition of flavor substance --- free amino acid carries out analysis comparison, also not using specific evaluation method in muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea Free amino acid evaluates the contribution of muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea flavor.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide flavor amino in a kind of raising muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea free amino acid Feed of acid content and preparation method thereof, the feed not only conform with the nutritional need parameter of Larimichthys crocea, can also dramatically increase muscle Middle delicious amino acid content, especially fresh and sweet taste amino acid content, with TAV value can be concise find out muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea quality Promotion degree, effectively improve the quality and flavor of cultured large yellow croaker muscle.
The present invention provides a kind of feeds of delicious amino acid content in raising muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea free amino acid, by quality Percentage, including following components:
Imported fish meal 28%-40%；
Euphausia superba powder 7%-15%；
Soy protein concentrate 3%-6%；
Fermented bean dregs 10%-15%；
Dehulled soybean meal 8%-12%；
Three phycocolloid 2%-4%；
Strong flour 19%-25%；
Fish oil 1.5%-2.5%；
Soya-bean oil 1.5%-2.5%；
Additive 1%-3%.
The additive includes:
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%-2%；
Fish multidimensional 0.4%-1.0%；
The more mine 0.5%-1.0% of fish；
Astaxanthin 0.03%-0.05%；
L-carnitine 0.01%-0.02%；
Lutein 0.03%-0.06%；
Choline 0.2%-0.5%.
Preferably, by mass percentage, composed of the following components:
Imported fish meal 28%；
Euphausia superba powder 12%；
Soy protein concentrate 5%；
Fermented bean dregs 12%；
Dehulled soybean meal 9%；
Three phycocolloid 2.5%；
Strong flour 25%；
Fish oil 2%；
Soya-bean oil 2%；
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%；
Fish multidimensional 0.5%；
The more mines 0.6% of fish；
Astaxanthin 0.04%；
L-carnitine 0.01%；
Lutein 0.05%；
Choline 0.3%.
The ratio of the Dietary Lysine and methionine is 2.8-3.2, lysine content 2.9-3.3%.
The present invention also provides a kind of systems of the feed of delicious amino acid content in raising muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea free amino acid Preparation Method, comprising:
(1) raw material is weighed according to formula, crushed, mixing, further progress pulverizes after sieving, then carries out secondary mixed It closes, successively carries out quenched and extrusion and obtain expanded pellet diet particle；
(2) by expanded pellet diet particle by drying, dedusting, oil spout, cooling, sieving to get.
Imported fish meal and euphausia superba powder be as animal protein source in feed in inventive formulation, not only amino acid nutrient at Divide completely, and be rich in mineral element, astaxanthin, chitin isoreactivity substance in euphausia superba powder, so that the feed of preparation has The advantages of Kekelé structure count is good, and attractant is strong and absorption easy to digest；Soy protein concentrate, fermented bean dregs and dehulled soybean meal are as in feed Plant protein source is wherein not only rich in high-quality bioactive micro peptide ingredient, fermentation probiotics and its activated product in fermented bean dregs, The anti-nutritional factors in dregs of beans is also eliminated to greatest extent, can improve digestion and absorption of the Larimichthys crocea to nutriment, promotes life It is long；Because animal protein source passes through deep processing and maturation process, adhesiveness is insufficient between raw material, therefore adds in feed formula of the present invention A certain amount of three phycocolloid and Strong flour guarantee to bond close, the feed prepared between feedstuff as adhesiveness raw material Particle appearance is neat, and surface is smooth, and has certain water resistance.Fish oil and soya-bean oil are provided in feed needed for Larimichthys crocea growth Necessary fatty acid, and there is certain attractant effect.The more mines of fish multidimensional, fish, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, astaxanthin, leaf are yellow The additives such as element, L-carnitine, choline, microelement on the one hand Larimichthys crocea growth is provided needed for, another aspect astaxanthin, leaf Flavine can play the role of improving Larimichthys crocea immunity and body colour, and L-carnitine, choline may participate in Larimichthys crocea fat metabolism, subtract Few Larimichthys crocea body fat over-deposit.
Feed formula of the invention is according to the digestive physiological characteristics and nutritional need of Larimichthys crocea difference growth and development stage The various raw materials of artifical compound feed are carried out different scientific matchings and the feed formula that is formed by feature, and raw materials are equal For the nontoxic raw material for meeting feedstuff standard, meet the requirement of feed in green and healthy aquaculture.Therefore, The muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea of production meets the requirement of green and healthy aquatic products.
Feed of the present invention is that (weight will raise adult fish in the extruding floating compound feed of 150g/ind or more) in Larimichthys crocea Expect that each raw material component sufficiently crush to mix, is prepared into pellet according to the processing method of extruding floating compound feed.
Beneficial effect
Nutrition of the present invention is comprehensive, cost is reasonable, and crude protein content is up to 48%-51% in feed；It can significantly improve big Hydrolysis amino acid and free amino acid total amount in yellow croaker muscle, Fresh ear field (Glu, Asp) content and sweet taste amino acid (Gly, Ala, Ser, Pro, Thr) content and its percentage in total amino acid content significantly improve, and delicate flavour in free amino acid It is significantly increased with the flavour strength value (TAV) of sweet taste amino acid；Essence ammonia related with seafood characteristic flavor on basis in free amino acid The content and TAV value of sour (Arg) and histidine (His) also have a degree of increase；Pseudosciaena crocea meat mouthfeel after improvement is more Good, the distinctive fresh fragrant flavor characteristics of Larimichthys crocea are more prominent, meet demand of the consumer to muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea mouthfeel, greatly mention The high economic value of cultured large yellow croaker, has good market application prospect.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific examples.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention Rather than it limits the scope of the invention.In addition, it should also be understood that, after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art Member can make various changes or modifications the present invention, and such equivalent forms equally fall within the application the appended claims and limited Range.
Embodiment 1
Each ingredient of feed formula is by mass percentage, composed of the following components:
Imported fish meal 28%；
Euphausia superba powder 12%；
Soy protein concentrate 5%；
Fermented bean dregs 12%；
Dehulled soybean meal 9%；
Three phycocolloid 2.5%；
Strong flour 25%；
Fish oil 2%；
Soya-bean oil 2%；
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%；
Fish multidimensional 0.5%；
The more mines 0.6% of fish；
Astaxanthin 0.04%；
L-carnitine 0.01%；
Lutein 0.05%；
Choline 0.3%.
Raw material is weighed according to formula first, investment batch charger is crushed and mixed, and the mixture after sieving removal of impurities is into one Step is pulverized, and the mixture after ultramicro grinding carries out secondary mixing again, all raw material operatings after secondary mixing To material storage storehouse, then successively carries out quenched and extrusion and obtain expanded pellet diet particle.Expanded pellet diet particle is using baking Dry, dedusting, oil spout, cooling, sieving finally carry out weighing and are packaged into finished feed.
Embodiment 2
Each ingredient of feed formula is by mass percentage, composed of the following components:
Imported fish meal 33%；
Euphausia superba powder 7%；
Soy protein concentrate 5%；
Fermented bean dregs 12%；
Dehulled soybean meal 9%；
Three phycocolloid 2.5%；
Strong flour 25%；
Fish oil 2%；
Soya-bean oil 2%；
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%；
Fish multidimensional 0.5%；
The more mines 0.6% of fish；
Astaxanthin 0.04%；
L-carnitine 0.01%；
Lutein 0.05%；
Choline 0.3%.
Raw material is weighed according to formula first, investment batch charger is crushed and mixed, and the mixture after sieving removal of impurities is into one Step is pulverized, and the mixture after ultramicro grinding carries out secondary mixing again, all raw material operatings after secondary mixing To material storage storehouse, then successively carries out quenched and extrusion and obtain expanded pellet diet particle.Expanded pellet diet particle is using baking Dry, dedusting, oil spout, cooling, sieving finally carry out weighing and are packaged into finished feed.
Experiment Larimichthys crocea is divided into 3 groups, one group feeds local common rheum officinale fish meal, and another two groups feed embodiment 1 respectively Analysis is measured to free amino acid in three groups of muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea after culture experiment carries out 8 weeks with 2 gained feed of embodiment, As a result such as table 1.
1 muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea free amino acid of table composition and flavour strength value (TAV) analysis
Band * person is essential amino acid (EAA), and band ▲ person is delicious amino acid (DAA).
∑ TFAA, ∑ DAA and ∑ EAA (mg/ in 2 feed group muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea free amino acid of embodiment 1 and embodiment Ml) content has been respectively increased 25.28%, 27.91% and 19.93% compared with control group；22.31%, 26.15% and 15.06%.It is fresh Taste amino acid, sweet taste amino acid content improve 29.96% and 28.05% compared with control group respectively；29.86% and 25.22%.Taste Road intensity value (TAV) the result shows that, 2 feed group muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea free amino acid Glutamic Acid (Glu) of embodiment 1 and embodiment TAV value be up to 62.09 and 62.53, the delicate flavour of muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea is contributed maximum.Important sweet taste amino acid Ala and Glu etc. Delicate flavour material interaction, which has, proposes fresh effect.Ala in 2 feed group muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea free amino acid of embodiment 1 and embodiment 24.86% and 23.24% has been respectively increased compared with control group with Gly content；20.67% and 17.41%.It can be seen that from TAV value Glu, Ala and Gly have significant contribution to the fresh and sweet flavour of muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea.And Examples 1 and 2 feed group muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea is free Glu, Ala and Gly are regardless of high compared with control group Larimichthys crocea in content or TAV value in amino acid.
It can be seen that Arg from TAV value and His be has significant contribution to the characteristic flavor on basis and seafood flavour of muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea, Although Arg and His content accounts for percentage in bitter taste amino acid in the present embodiment feed group and muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea free amino acid (16.92%) only it is slightly higher than control group Larimichthys crocea (16.62%), but Examples 1 and 2 feed group muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea free amine group Arg and His content has increased separately 24.92% and 20.48% compared with the content in control group muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea in acid.It can be seen that although Bitter taste amino acid content also improves 21.71% compared with control group, but is mostly as caused by Arg and His content increase.Furthermore implement The increase of sulfur-containing amino acid (Met and Cys) content also prompts in 2 feed group muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea free amino acid of example 1 and embodiment, The more rich volatile flavor to work to meat flavor may be generated in muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea heating process.
In summary about free aminoacid content and TAV value, fresh and sweet taste amino acid content in muscular free amino acid, with The related Arg and His content of sea food flavor and sulfur-containing amino acid (Cys, Met) content increase, feed group Larimichthys crocea of the present invention The characteristic flavor on basis of muscle and fresh and sweet taste, seafood flavour are greatly increased compared with control group, significantly improve cultivation rheum officinale The quality and flavor of fish tissue.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of feed for improving delicious amino acid content in muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea free amino acid, it is characterised in that: press quality hundred Divide ratio, including following components:
Imported fish meal 28%-40%；
Euphausia superba powder 7%-15%；
Soy protein concentrate 3%-6%；
Fermented bean dregs 10%-15%；
Dehulled soybean meal 8%-12%；
Three phycocolloid 2%-4%；
Strong flour 19%-25%；
Fish oil 1.5%-2.5%；
Soya-bean oil 1.5%-2.5%；
Additive 1%-3%.
2. feed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the additive includes:
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%-2%；
Fish multidimensional 0.4%-1.0%；
The more mine 0.5%-1.0% of fish；
Astaxanthin 0.03%-0.05%；
L-carnitine 0.01%-0.02%；
Lutein 0.03%-0.06%；
Choline 0.2%-0.5%.
3. feed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: by mass percentage, composed of the following components:
Imported fish meal 28%；
Euphausia superba powder 12%；
Soy protein concentrate 5%；
Fermented bean dregs 12%；
Dehulled soybean meal 9%；
Three phycocolloid 2.5%；
Strong flour 25%；
Fish oil 2%；
Soya-bean oil 2%；
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%；
Fish multidimensional 0.5%；
The more mines 0.6% of fish；
Astaxanthin 0.04%；
L-carnitine 0.01%；
Lutein 0.05%；
Choline 0.3%.
4. feed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the ratio of the Dietary Lysine and methionine is 2.8- 3.2, lysine content 2.9-3.3%.
5. a kind of system as described in claim 1 for improving the feed of delicious amino acid content in muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea free amino acid Preparation Method, comprising:
(1) raw material being weighed according to formula, crushed, mixing, further progress pulverizes after sieving, then carries out secondary mixing, according to Secondary progress is quenched and extrusion obtains expanded pellet diet particle；
(2) by expanded pellet diet particle by drying, dedusting, oil spout, cooling, sieving to get.
CN201810994095.1A 2018-08-29 2018-08-29 A kind of feed and preparation method thereof improving delicious amino acid content in muscles of Pseudosciaena crocea free amino acid Pending CN109170360A (en)

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Application publication date: 20190111