CN109170133A - A method of producing feed - Google Patents
A method of producing feed Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109170133A CN109170133A CN201811035310.1A CN201811035310A CN109170133A CN 109170133 A CN109170133 A CN 109170133A CN 201811035310 A CN201811035310 A CN 201811035310A CN 109170133 A CN109170133 A CN 109170133A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- stalk
- fermentation
- steam
- production feed
- feed
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- Pending
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 240000001046 Lactobacillus acidophilus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000013956 Lactobacillus acidophilus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229940039695 lactobacillus acidophilus Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000235646 Cyberlindnera jadinii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 11
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010907 stover Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223259 Trichoderma Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003694 hair properties Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002972 pentoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010563 solid-state fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/113—Acidophilus
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for producing feed, stalk is first handled with Feed crusher, subsequently into steam blasting machine.Steam explosion treated stalk, it keeps the skin wet, add straw ammonium carbonate, it is inoculated with the fermented mixture of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, whiterot fungi, fiber sporangium, candida utili, starch lactobacillus, lactobacillus acidophilus and saccharomycete one or more, steam puffed stalk after inoculation is pressed and sealed, anaerobic fermentation 7 days~50 days, 10 DEG C~35 DEG C of fermentation temperature.After fermentation, its crude protein content is detected up to 20% or more.It is raw material that method of the invention, which is using stalk, destroys the crystallization of the lignin of stalk and cellulose and winding by steam explosion, is conducive to ferment in next step.It is fermented with composite fermentation strain to it, mycelian protein and volatile fatty acid is constantly generated in fermentation process, further improve the nutrition and quality of straw feed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for producing feed, belong to field of fodder.
Background technique
China's agricultural crop straw yield is big, distribution is wide, type is more, counts according to investigations, and national stalk theoretical resources amount is 800,000,000
Ton, wherein corn stover accounts for more than half, and with agricultural development, stalk yield increases year by year.Stalk comprehensive utilization,
It is all had a very important significance for stablizing Agro-ecology balance, alleviation resource constraint, mitigating environmental pressure.Straw
Main component is cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin etc., and they intertwine with each other forms high polymeric and crystallization, this cell wall
Labyrinth limit its application in Animal husbandry production, while stalk contains only a small amount of protein, does not have volatility rouge
In addition fat acid, must add in straw feed, feed cost is caused to rise.
101816370 B of publication number CN, entitled " the utilization agricultural crop straw based on steam explosion technology prepares high nutrition valence
It is worth the method for feed ", softened by the way that the chemical substances such as urea are added into stalk, then carry out steam blasting to make as feed
With.The technology has a large amount of ammonias to discharge, and causes centainly to pollute, and influences on the content of total protein in stalk and true albumen little.It is public
The number of opening CN 102077903 A, it is entitled " a kind of method of steam blasting and microbial fermentation Combined Treatment stalk ", first by straw
Stalk steam blasting, then access aspergillus oryzae or the spore liquid of koning trichoderma is fermented, the results showed that stalk fiber after treatment
Plain equal size decline is obvious, and has certain feasibility.But microorganism solid fermentation is more single using strain, in stalk
Pentose utilization efficiency is not high, and the problems such as to lignin in stalk without effect, the feed product after especially fermenting contains a large amount of true
There are also problems for bacterium spore, long term storage and transport.Publication number CN103392948A, it is entitled " a kind of steam explosion corn stover
Microbial fermentation processes " handle gas explosion corn stover through microbial fermentation, it is therefore an objective to the organic acid content in stalk is improved,
So that its palatability and energy nutrient increase, extend the storage period of straw feed, and crucial protein does not increase.
Although the above patent combines the advantage of two kinds of technologies of steam blasting and microbial fermentation, due to no additional nitrogen
Source, microorganism can not be by celluloses in stalk after steam explosion and lignin conversion at protein, so above-mentioned patent, improves only straw
The palatability and part nutritive value of stalk, and be worth highest protein and volatile fatty acid in feed and do not increase, instead
Since the increased costs of steam explosion processing and fermentation, while production process is complicated, and the feed is caused not have the market competitiveness.
The present invention is first handled stalk steam explosion, then in the case where adding inorganic nitrogen-sourced outside, with multiple-microorganism solid state fermentation
Steam explosion treated stalk manufactures animal feed.Stalk not only improves the physical structure of stalk after such processing,
And inorganic nitrogen and lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose are converted to protein and volatile fatty acid by microorganism, improve straw
Stalk palatability and the value that has additional nutrients.Treated stalk not only counteracts the increased costs of steam explosion processing and fermentation, Er Qieyou
In the raising of nutriment, the similar green storage of fermentation operation is simple to be easy, and has very much the market competitiveness and application value.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of methods for producing feed.
Include the following steps:
(1) stalk is first handled with Feed crusher, subsequently into steam blasting machine, steam explosion temperature is 120 DEG C.
(2) steam explosion treated stalk keeps the skin wet to water content 60%~75%, adds the carbonic acid of stalk weight 10%
Ammonium is additional nitrogen source, is inoculated with composite fermentation strain；Steam puffed stalk after inoculation is pressed and sealed, anaerobic fermentation 7 days~50 days, is sent out
10 DEG C~35 DEG C of ferment environment temperature.After fermentation, its crude protein content is measured greater than 20%.
The composite fermentation strain is bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, whiterot fungi, fiber sporangium, produces protein vacation
Silk yeast, starch lactobacillus, lactobacillus acidophilus and saccharomycete one or more mixture.
The inoculum concentration of the composite fermentation strain be every gram of steam puffed stalk add bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis,
The mixing of whiterot fungi, fiber sporangium, candida utili, starch lactobacillus, lactobacillus acidophilus and saccharomycete one or more
Object, total bacteria count are 105~107.
The utility model has the advantages that
Of the invention is that method utilizes stalk for raw material, by the crystallization of the lignin of stalk and cellulose and is twined by steam explosion
Around destruction, is conducive to ferment in next step, be fermented with composite fermentation strain to it.Mycelian protein is constantly generated in fermentation process and is waved
Hair property fatty acid, further improves the nutrition and quality of straw feed.
Specific embodiment
Example 1: being crushed to 1cm size with Feed crusher for 500 kilograms of corn dry straws, enters Steam explosive machine and carries out at steam explosion
Reason, steam explosion temperature are 120 DEG C, and treated that corn stover adds water to water content 65% for steam explosion, and is added to 50 kilograms of carbonic acid
Ammonium and 50 grams of composite zymocyte, are pressed and sealed rear anaerobic fermentation 10 days, 22 DEG C of yeasting temperature.It is carried out after stalk fermentation
It analyzes, it is 22.7% that protein, which analyzes its content with kelvin nethod of measuring nitrogen, in stalk, stalk pH value 3.8.
Example 2: being crushed to 1cm size with Feed crusher powder for 500 kilograms of wheat stalks, enters Steam explosive machine and carries out at steam explosion
Reason, steam explosion temperature are 120 DEG C, and treated that stalk adds water to water content 69% for steam explosion, and be added to 50 kilograms ammonium carbonate and
75 grams of composite zymocyte, it is pressed and sealed rear anaerobic fermentation 20 days, 31 DEG C of yeasting temperature.Divided after stalk fermentation
It analyses, it is 24.8% that protein, which analyzes its content with kelvin nethod of measuring nitrogen, in stalk, stalk pH value 3.5.
3:1000 kilograms of complete stool sugar grass of example is crushed to 1cm or so, enters Steam explosive machine steam explosion and handles, and 120 DEG C of steam explosion temperature,
Treated, and stalk keeps moisture 70% or so, adds 100 kilograms of ammonium sulfate, and add 120 grams of compound bacteria simultaneously, sealing compacting
Anaerobic fermentation 12 days afterwards are kept for 35 DEG C of fermentation temperature.Fermentation ends post analysis straw crude content is 27.6% (triumphant formula
Method), pH value 3.4.
4:500 kilograms of example yellow peanut vine is broken to 1cm or so, enters Steam explosive machine steam explosion processing, 120 DEG C of steam explosion temperature, handles
Stalk afterwards keeps moisture 70% or so, adds 50 kilograms of ammonium sulfate, and add 60 grams of compound bacteria simultaneously, anaerobism after sealing compacting
Fermentation 15 days is kept for 35 DEG C of fermentation temperature.Fermentation ends post analysis straw crude content is 30.0% (Kai Shifa), pH value
It is 3.4.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method for producing feed, which is characterized in that this method step includes: that the stalk after steam blasting is added water and is fitted
Additional nitrogen source is measured, and is inoculated with composite fermentation strain, pressure is tightly honored as a queen under suitable fermentation temperature a period of time of fermenting.
2. the method for production feed according to claim 1, which is characterized in that steam explosion temperature is 120 DEG C.
3. the method for production feed according to claim 1, which is characterized in that additional nitrogen source is ammonium carbonate, and additive amount is
The 10% of stalk weight.
4. the method for production feed according to claim 1, which is characterized in that composite fermentation strain is bacillus subtilis
Bacterium, bacillus licheniformis, whiterot fungi, fiber sporangium, candida utili, starch lactobacillus, lactobacillus acidophilus and saccharomycete
One or more of mixtures, Mixed Microbes quantity are 1,000,000,000-1,000 hundred million plant/gram bacterium (butt).
5. the method for production feed according to claim 4, which is characterized in that composite fermentation strain inoculum concentration is every gram of vapour
Quick-fried corn stalk adds bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, whiterot fungi, fiber sporangium, candida utili, starch milk
The mixture of bacillus, lactobacillus acidophilus and saccharomycete one or more, total bacteria count are 105~107.
6. it is according to claim 1 production feed method, which is characterized in that stalk add water to water content 60%~
75%.
7. the method for production feed according to claim 1, which is characterized in that fermentation temperature is 10 DEG C~35 DEG C.
8. the method for production feed according to claim 1, which is characterized in that fermentation time 7 days~50 days.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811035310.1A CN109170133A (en) | 2018-09-06 | 2018-09-06 | A method of producing feed |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811035310.1A CN109170133A (en) | 2018-09-06 | 2018-09-06 | A method of producing feed |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109170133A true CN109170133A (en) | 2019-01-11 |
Family
ID=64914790
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811035310.1A Pending CN109170133A (en) | 2018-09-06 | 2018-09-06 | A method of producing feed |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109170133A (en) |
-
2018
- 2018-09-06 CN CN201811035310.1A patent/CN109170133A/en active Pending
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|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20190111 |
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| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |