CN109169435B - Method for remote seabed sowing and transplanting of tropical reef-dwelling sea cucumbers - Google Patents
Method for remote seabed sowing and transplanting of tropical reef-dwelling sea cucumbers Download PDFInfo
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- CN109169435B CN109169435B CN201811096002.XA CN201811096002A CN109169435B CN 109169435 B CN109169435 B CN 109169435B CN 201811096002 A CN201811096002 A CN 201811096002A CN 109169435 B CN109169435 B CN 109169435B
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- 241000251511 Holothuroidea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 210000001630 jejunum Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001706 oxygenating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 13
- 244000132059 Carica parviflora Species 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 208000035404 Autolysis Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 206010057248 Cell death Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000028043 self proteolysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241001213462 Holothuria leucospilota Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000951471 Citrus junos Species 0.000 description 4
- 206010067171 Regurgitation Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 241000258195 Holothuria Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007954 hypoxia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/30—Culture of aquatic animals of sponges, sea urchins or sea cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/26—Artificial reefs or seaweed; Restoration or protection of coral reefs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for sowing and transplanting tropical reef-dwelling sea cucumbers at the open sea bottom. According to the invention, through the operation of key links such as early-stage jejunum treatment, plug-in transfer, shipping maintenance, bottom sowing and releasing and the like, the large-scale autolysis death of sea cucumbers in the process of transferring in the open sea is avoided, the large-scale open sea bottom sowing transplantation of tropical reef-dwelling sea cucumbers is realized, the recovery of sea cucumber population biological resources of tropical coral reef bodies is facilitated, the benign development of the coral reef-dwelling ecological environment in the bottom is facilitated, and the technical guarantee is provided for the steady state health of the tropical coral reef-dwelling ecological system in the bottom.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of coral reef organism transplantation, and particularly relates to a method for the remote seabed sowing and transplantation of tropical reef-dwelling sea cucumbers.
Background art:
sea cucumbers inhabit in intertidal zone midtide or high tide areas, coral reef areas, mud or sand, and are one of important coral reef organisms. The sea cucumber plays a role of a submarine scavenger by taking a large amount of silt and excreting and digesting and absorbing part of organic matters, can promote the circulation of nutritive salt in a benthic environment, and has important ecological value in a coral reef benthic ecosystem. In recent years, with the increasing and frequent activities of human beings, the health of the coral reef ecosystem is threatened, the biodiversity of the coral reef is sharply reduced, and the phenomenon of sea bottom desertification even occurs in partial areas. The artificial bottom sowing and transplanting are beneficial to accelerating the recovery of the biological diversity safety of the coral reef ecosystem. Sea cucumber is one of important candidate species for bottom sowing and transplanting as an important reef protecting organism. However, the current deep sea bottom sowing and transplanting technology suitable for reef-dwelling sea cucumbers is still relatively lacking.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a method for the open-sea bottom sowing transplantation of tropical reef sea cucumbers, which can avoid large-scale autolysis death of sea cucumbers in the open-sea transportation process and realize large-scale open-sea bottom sowing transplantation of the tropical reef sea cucumbers.
The invention discloses a method for sowing and transplanting tropical reef sea cucumber at the far seabed, which comprises the following steps:
A. jejunum treatment at the early stage of sea cucumber: sea water is filled in a container, a grid frame is placed in the sea water, after the sea cucumbers are caught, the sea cucumbers are placed in the grid frame for temporary culture until the sea cucumbers stop excreting silt, water is changed during jejunum to keep a water body clear and not turbid, the silt discharged by the sea cucumbers is timely cleaned, and the sea cucumber individuals with dirts are timely cleaned to avoid inducing the self-dissolving of the dirts of other sea cucumbers, so that the sea cucumbers with jejunums are obtained;
B. short-time land connection transportation: placing the sea cucumbers subjected to jejunum treatment into a box, stacking the sea cucumbers into the box, wherein the sea cucumbers are not more than 3 layers, ventilating the box without a cover, keeping the temperature at 18-23 ℃, and transporting the sea cucumbers for not more than 10 hours to a shipping wharf;
C. shipping maintenance, namely removing dirty or low-activity sea cucumbers, placing the high-activity sea cucumbers in a temporary rearing barrel filled with seawater for shipping continuously, changing water during the period, continuously oxygenating the seawater, and shading the temporary rearing barrel to ensure that the temporary rearing barrel is stable and cannot be toppled over in the shipping process and is not fed during the shipping period, wherein the density of the sea cucumbers in the temporary rearing barrel is not more than 10 Kg/100L of fresh weight of the sea cucumbers;
D. bottom play stream: after the sea cucumber reaches a preset sea area, the sea cucumber is transferred to the sea bed by using the net cage, the sea cucumber is sowed at the bottom near the reef or the gap at the bottom of the reef disc, and the sea cucumber starts to move and climb the wall after 0.5h, which shows that the activity of the sea cucumber is better, and the purpose of transplanting and bottom-sowing and streaming the sea cucumber is achieved.
Preferably, the water changing treatment in the period of the step C is to use a water pump to pump fresh seawater and change water for the temporarily cultured sea cucumbers; the water is changed for more than 4 times every day, the sea cucumbers with spitting dirt or poor vitality are removed in time, and the water change amount is more than 80 percent every time.
Preferably, the continuous oxygenation in step C is continuous oxygenation by a blower.
Preferably, the box of step B is a foam box.
According to the invention, through the operation of key links such as early-stage jejunum treatment, plug-in transfer, shipping maintenance, bottom sowing and releasing and the like, the large-scale autolysis death of sea cucumbers in the process of transferring in the open sea is avoided, the large-scale open sea bottom sowing transplantation of tropical reef-dwelling sea cucumbers is realized, the recovery of sea cucumber population biological resources of tropical coral reef bodies is facilitated, the benign development of the coral reef-dwelling ecological environment in the bottom is facilitated, and the technical guarantee is provided for the steady state health of the tropical coral reef-dwelling ecological system in the bottom.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
Example 1:
the method for the deep sea bottom sowing and transplanting of the holothuria leucospilota comprises the following steps:
1. in 8-month middle-aged in 2016, in Shenzhen Daizian gulf, 3-6cm of wild Hojothuria leucospilota 4729 (small sea cucumber) and 10-15cm of Hojothuria leucospilota 1824 (large sea cucumber) are collected. Sea water is filled in the container, then the grid frame is placed in the sea water, the collected holothuria leucospilota is placed in the grid frame for temporary culture, and silt discharged in the jejunum process of the holothuria can leak out through the grid, so that the holothuria can not eat excrement such as the silt again, and the holothuria stops excreting after 3 days; during jejunum treatment, water is changed for 3 times every day, the water change amount reaches more than 100% every time, the water body is kept clear and not turbid, underwater silt is cleaned in time, and the jejunum effect is achieved; 356 small sea cucumbers and 93 large sea cucumbers which are spit dirty are removed in time so as to avoid inducing other sea cucumbers to spit dirty; in the step, the dirt spitting rate of the sea cucumber with the length of 3-6cm is 7.53%, and the dirt spitting rate of the sea cucumber with the length of 10-15cm is 5.10%. Thus, the sea cucumber after jejunum treatment is obtained.
2. Quickly putting the jejunum-treated sea cucumbers into waterless foam boxes (580mm long, 425mm wide and 310mm high), stacking the sea cucumbers into no more than 3 layers, adding ice blocks with the size of 350ml into each foam box without covering and ventilating the foam boxes, wrapping the ice blocks by double-layer plastic bags to be watertight, cooling to enable the temperature to be in the range of 18-23 ℃, and carrying out dry transportation for 8 hours to a wharf near a Zhanjiang gulf bridge; removing 201 heads of small sea cucumbers and 52 heads of large sea cucumbers which are dirtied in the land transportation process, and transferring the sea cucumbers with better vitality into a temporary rearing barrel on a ship; in the step, the dirt spitting rate of the sea cucumber with the length of 3-6cm is 4.60%, and the dirt spitting rate of the sea cucumber with the length of 10-15cm is 3.00%.
3. The sea cucumber density in the temporary rearing barrel is not more than 10 Kg/100L sea water, the sea cucumber density in the embodiment is 8-10 Kg/100L sea water, a water pump is used for pumping fresh sea water, the temporary rearing sea cucumber is subjected to water changing treatment, the sea cucumber with dirt regurgitation or poor activity is removed in time (when the sea cucumber with dirt regurgitation or poor activity appears, the sea cucumber is cleaned out immediately) 4 times a day, the water changing amount is more than 80% each time, the temporary rearing barrel is subjected to sun shading treatment, the temporary rearing barrel is ensured to be stable and not to be toppled over in the shipping process, an air blower is continuously aerated, no food is fed during shipping, the sea cucumber reaches a bottom sowing transplantation sea area after 10 days of shipping, the small sea cucumber with 477 heads and the large sea cucumber with 84 heads are removed altogether, the dirt regurgitation rate of the sea cucumber with 3-6cm is 11.43%, and the dirt regurgitation.
4. After the sea cucumber reaches a preset sea area, the sea cucumber is transferred to the sea bed by using the net cage, the sea cucumber is sowed at the bottom near the reef or the gap at the bottom of the reef disc, and the sea cucumber starts to move and climb the wall after 0.5h, which shows that the activity of the sea cucumber is better, and the purpose of transplanting and bottom-sowing and streaming the sea cucumber is achieved.
By the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, 3-6cm of 3695 heads and 10-15cm of 1595 heads of wild holothuria leucospilota are transplanted to the sea area near the red cucumber reef in the Nansha Islands of Hainan province, and finally the transplanting survival rate of the holothuria leucospilota of 3-6cm and the survival rate of the holothuria leucospilota of 10-15cm in the embodiment reach 78.13% and 87.45%.
Comparative example 1
In 4 Yuzhu in 2016, 202 wild Yuzu sea cucumbers with the length of 10-15cm are collected in Shenzhen Daizhongyawan sea area, refer to step 2 in example 1, and the temporary culture jejunum treatment in step 1 in example 1 is not carried out, the wild Yuzu sea cucumbers arrive at Jinyang tropical sea treasure culture Limited company in Ministry of Jinyang after being transported for 7h by a dry method, and the number of the sea cucumber spitting individuals is 173, and the spitting rate is 85.64%.
The comparative example 1 is obviously different from the example 1 of the invention in that temporary feeding jejunum treatment is not carried out, so that the spitting rate of transported sea cucumbers is greater than that of the technical scheme in the example 1 of the invention.
Comparative example 2
In the late 4 months in 2016, 136 wild holothurian leucospilota with the length of more than 10-15cm are collected in the gulf of great asia, and are treated according to the steps 1 and 2 in the embodiment 1, except that a small foam box (the specification: 340mm in length, 220mm in width and 180mm in height) is adopted, so that the holothurian is stacked to reach 4-5 layers, the number of the holothurian with dirty or poor vigor is 27 after temperature reduction and transportation, the dirty ratio is 19.85%, and the technical scheme is far greater than that adopted in the embodiment 1 of the invention.
Comparative example 3
In the late 5 th of 2016, 243 wild yuzu sea cucumbers with the diameters of more than 10-15cm are collected in the san da east sea area and processed according to the technical schemes of the steps 1 and 2 in the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the wild yuzu sea cucumbers arrive at Jinyang tropical sea cucumber cultivation Limited company in Mianxi city after being cooled and transported for 12 hours by a dry method in the san city, the transport time exceeds the time limit specified by the invention, the number of the dirty sea cucumbers is 51, the dirty rate is 20.99%, and the transport effect is obviously lower than that of the technical scheme adopted in the embodiment 1 of the invention.
Comparative example 4
In 2016, 6 to 7 months, a ship transportation maintenance simulation experiment is carried out in Jinyang tropical sea cucumber cultivation Co., Ltd, which refers to the technical scheme of step 3 in example 1, and the difference is that water is changed 3 times per day, and the interval time between water change and sea cucumber state inspection is 8 hours. Due to the long inspection time interval, autolysis occurs to individual sea cucumbers in 3 temporary rearing barrels, so that autolysis of other sea cucumbers is induced, the dirt spitting rate reaches 52.30%, and the temporary rearing effect is obviously lower than that of the technical scheme adopted in the embodiment 1 of the invention.
Comparative example 5
In 2016, 6 to 7 months, a ship transportation maintenance simulation experiment is performed in Jinyang tropical sea cucumber aquaculture Limited company in Mianming City, and referring to the technical scheme of the step 3 in the embodiment 1, the difference is that the temporary sea cucumber culture density is 12 Kg/100L sea water, the sea cucumbers are mutually attached, the temporary sea cucumber culture density is too high, so that the sea cucumbers in the central position suffer from hypoxia dirtying, and further cause other sea cucumbers to spit dirt, after the temporary sea cucumber culture is carried out for 2 days, the dirt spitting rate of the sea cucumbers with the specification of 3-6cm reaches 36.74%, and the temporary sea cucumber culture effect is obviously lower than that of the technical scheme adopted in the embodiment.
Claims (4)
1. A method for sowing and transplanting tropical reef sea cucumber at the far seabed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. jejunum treatment at the early stage of sea cucumber: sea water is filled in a container, a grid frame is placed in the sea water, after the sea cucumbers are caught, the sea cucumbers are placed in the grid frame for temporary culture until the sea cucumbers stop excreting silt, water is changed during jejunum to keep a water body clear and not turbid, the silt discharged by the sea cucumbers is timely cleaned, and the spitted sea cucumber individuals are timely cleaned, so that the sea cucumbers after jejunum treatment are obtained;
B. short-time land connection transportation: placing the sea cucumbers subjected to jejunum treatment into a box, stacking the sea cucumbers into the box, wherein the sea cucumbers are not more than 3 layers, ventilating the box without a cover, keeping the temperature at 18-23 ℃, and transporting the sea cucumbers for not more than 10 hours to a shipping wharf;
C. shipping maintenance, namely removing dirty or low-activity sea cucumbers, placing the high-activity sea cucumbers in a temporary rearing barrel filled with seawater for shipping continuously, changing water during the period, continuously oxygenating the seawater, and shading the temporary rearing barrel to ensure that the temporary rearing barrel is stable and cannot be toppled over in the shipping process and is not fed during the shipping period, wherein the density of the sea cucumbers in the temporary rearing barrel is not more than 10 Kg/100L of fresh weight of the sea cucumbers;
D. bottom play stream: after reaching a predetermined sea area, the sea cucumber is transferred to the sea bed by using the net cage, and the sea cucumber is sowed near the reef or the gap at the bottom of the reef disc.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water changing treatment during the step C is to use a water pump to pump fresh seawater and change water for the temporary sea cucumber; the water is changed for more than 4 times every day, the sea cucumbers with spitting dirt or poor vitality are removed in time, and the water change amount is more than 80 percent every time.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein said step C of continuously oxygenating is continuously oxygenating with a blower.
4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the box of step B is a foam box.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811096002.XA CN109169435B (en) | 2018-09-19 | 2018-09-19 | Method for remote seabed sowing and transplanting of tropical reef-dwelling sea cucumbers |
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| CN201811096002.XA CN109169435B (en) | 2018-09-19 | 2018-09-19 | Method for remote seabed sowing and transplanting of tropical reef-dwelling sea cucumbers |
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| CN110786276B (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2021-01-29 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Method for shipping tropical holothuria leucospilota seedlings in high density by using flowing water method |
| CN112219761B (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-03-11 | 海南大学 | Safe transportation and accurate bottom sowing integrated method for stichopus japonicus offspring seeds |
| CN112655612B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-04-15 | 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 | Method for proliferating and transplanting tropical sea cucumber population in whole life history |
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| CN106912418B (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2020-03-10 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Bottom sowing proliferation method of tropical shallow sea snakes and manis alba |
| US20180110208A1 (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2018-04-26 | L&B Patent Inc. | System and method for the polyculture of benthic and pelagic aquatic animals using a stacked combination of deep and shallow habitats |
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