CN109169428B - Tibet plateau schizothorax fry breeding system and method - Google Patents

Tibet plateau schizothorax fry breeding system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109169428B
CN109169428B CN201811294570.0A CN201811294570A CN109169428B CN 109169428 B CN109169428 B CN 109169428B CN 201811294570 A CN201811294570 A CN 201811294570A CN 109169428 B CN109169428 B CN 109169428B
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water
air inlet
parts
liquid outlet
fry
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CN109169428A (en
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王万良
张忭忭
周建设
曾本和
王金林
王且鲁
刘飞
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Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences
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Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

Abstract

The invention provides a schizothorax prenanti fry breeding system on Tibet plateau, which comprises a fishpond, wherein a water outlet of the fishpond is sequentially connected with a water treatment system and an oxygen dissolving device through a pipeline, the oxygen dissolving device is connected with a water inlet of the fishpond through a pipeline, the water outlet and the water inlet are oppositely arranged, and the bottom surface of the fishpond is a slope surface with one end of the water inlet higher than one end of the water outlet; the dissolved oxygen device comprises a shell, and a liquid inlet chamber, an air inlet chamber, a diffusion chamber and a mixing chamber which are arranged in the shell, wherein the liquid inlet chamber consists of a liquid inlet channel and a first spraying cavity communicated with the liquid inlet channel. Is particularly suitable for plateau environments with high altitude, low dissolved oxygen and large day and night temperature difference in Tibet areas.

Description

Tibet plateau schizothorax fry breeding system and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish culture, and particularly relates to a Tibet plateau schizothorax biddulphi fry breeding system.
Background
The schizothorax rassa is a special fish of schizothorax raschii of cyprinidae, which is distributed in the Tibet plateau area, mainly distributed in the midstream and branch streams of the Yalu Tibetan water system, and is one of the important native economic fishes in Tibet. In recent years, with the rapid development of the economic society of Tibet, the development and utilization strength of the Tibet fishery resources by human beings are increasing. The Yalu Tibetan Bujiang river basin with the gathered population is doubtless and is also disturbed by increasingly strong human activities, such as invasion of foreign fishes, construction of hydropower and water conservancy facilities, over fishing, water body pollution and the like. The influence of the interference factors on the ecology of the Brucella water area in Yalu Tibetan, particularly the fish resources and the living environment thereof is becoming obvious.
The Tibetan region is located at the southwest part of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the area of the Tibetan region occupies about 1/2 of the area of the Tibetan plateau, the average altitude is 4000-5000 m, the domestic water resource is rich, rivers and lakes are numerous, the temperature is low all year round, the wind and snow are high, the solar radiation is strong, the air is thin, and the water temperature of the rivers and lakes is 0-13 ℃. The special plateau cold climate and geographical morphological structure in the Tibet region cause the species to be highly differentiated, resulting in local fishes having special adaptation to the plateau cold water environment and obvious geographical features, having high uniqueness and consistency, and exhibiting unique phylogenetic characteristics. In addition, the geographical environment of the Tibet is special, the ecological environment is fragile, the structure of the ecological system is simple, and the plateau fishes have the characteristics of slow growth, late sexual maturity, low fertility, long resource supplement period, high adaptability and dependence on the environment and the like, so that the plateau fishes are extremely sensitive to the change of the ecological environment, and the resources of the plateau fishes are extremely difficult to recover once being damaged. Therefore, it is very important and urgent to take certain protective measures for the Yalu Tibetan Bojiang fish resources, especially for the schizothorax biddulphi resources.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to protect resources of schizothorax prenanti in Tibet plateau, the invention provides a schizothorax prenanti seedling cultivation system in Tibet plateau, which is particularly suitable for plateau environments with high altitude, low dissolved oxygen and large day-night temperature difference in Tibet regions.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a schizothorax prenanti fry breeding system on Tibet plateau comprises a fishpond, wherein a water outlet of the fishpond is sequentially connected with a water treatment system and an oxygen dissolving device through a pipeline, the oxygen dissolving device is connected with a water inlet of the fishpond through a pipeline, the water outlet is opposite to the water inlet, and the bottom surface of the fishpond is a slope surface with one end of the water inlet higher than one end of the water outlet; the oxygen dissolving device comprises a shell, and a liquid inlet chamber, an air inlet chamber, a diffusion chamber and a mixing chamber which are arranged in the shell, wherein the liquid inlet chamber consists of a liquid inlet channel and a first spraying cavity communicated with the liquid inlet channel; the first injection cavity is horn-shaped, one end with a small opening is a first liquid outlet, and the first liquid outlet is communicated with the air inlet chamber; the air inlet chamber is composed of an air inlet channel and a second spraying cavity, the caliber of the air inlet channel is the same as that of the first liquid outlet, air inlets penetrating through the shell are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the air inlet channel, the second spraying cavity is horn-shaped, one end with a small opening is a second liquid outlet, the second liquid outlet is communicated with the diffusion chamber through a transition channel, the caliber of the transition channel is the same as that of the second liquid outlet, a reed parallel to the water flow direction is arranged in the transition channel, one end of the reed is exactly positioned at the center of the second liquid outlet, and the other end of the reed is abutted against the diffusion chamber; diffusion chamber is the loudspeaker form, and the one end that the opening is big is the intercommunication the third liquid outlet of mixing chamber, third liquid outlet are for seting up the baffle in liquid hole, go out liquid hole circumference and distribute at the edge of baffle, all play liquid holes are the unanimous inclined hole of gradient, and incline direction circumference encircles the inner wall of mixing chamber.
The inner wall of the mixing chamber is provided with a guide plate from the liquid inlet to the liquid outlet, and the guide plate is spiral and the spiral angle is consistent with the inclination angle of the liquid outlet hole.
The side wall of the air inlet channel is also oppositely provided with two steam holes penetrating through the shell, and the steam holes are communicated with external solar steam equipment.
Preferably, the ratio of the distance between the water inlet of the air inlet channel and the air inlet to the caliber of the air inlet channel is 5; the ratio of the distance between the water inlet of the air inlet channel and the steam hole to the caliber of the air inlet channel is 8; the thickness of the reed is 0.5mm, the width is 15mm, and the length is 50 mm.
Preferably, the water flow in the liquid inlet channel is 1-2m3The aperture of the air inlet hole is 1-2mm, and the aperture of the steam hole is 5-10 mm.
Preferably, the steam hole and the air inlet hole are both at an angle of 60 degrees with the air inlet channel; the inclination angles of the sidewalls of the first and second ejection chambers are 60 degrees, and the inclination angle of the sidewall of the diffusion chamber is 75 degrees.
Preferably, the device also comprises a controller, a flow meter and a water inlet pump are arranged at the water inlet of the fish pond, a temperature sensor, a dissolved oxygen measuring instrument, a water level sensor and a water level controller are installed in the fish pond, electromagnetic valves are arranged on connecting pipelines of the steam hole and the air inlet hole, the temperature sensor, the dissolved oxygen measuring instrument, the water level sensor and the flow meter are respectively connected with the input end of the controller, and the water inlet pump, the electromagnetic valves and the water level controller are connected with the output end of the controller.
The invention also provides a cultivation method based on the cultivation system, which comprises the following steps: before cultivation, cleaning and sterilizing the fish pond, keeping running water for 3 days, putting the fish fries into the fish pond, and putting the fish fries into the fish pond to realize stocking density of 1000-1500 tails/m2Feeding animal live baits and artificial mixed feed; keeping water level at 30-40cm, and water flow in fish pond at 1-2m3The water temperature of the fishpond is 10-12 ℃ all the year around, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is 6.0-8.0 mg/L.
Preferably, the animal live bait is artemia nauplii in the Tibet region, and the mass ratio of the animal live bait to the artificial mixed feed is 1: 2.
further preferably, the artificial compound feed consists of the following raw materials: 80-100 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of earthworm powder, 20-30 parts of expanded soybean meal, 5-10 parts of beer yeast, 2-8 parts of soybean oil, 2-5 parts of cooked egg yolk, 0.2-0.5 part of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1-2 parts of choline chloride, 0.2-0.5 part of a vitamin mixture, 0.2-0.5 part of a mineral mixture, 2-5 parts of hawthorn, 2-3 parts of aloe, 1-2 parts of purslane, 2-3 parts of houttuynia cordata and 2-3 parts of dandelion.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the fish fry culturing system is a running water type circulating water system, can be used for culturing in running water, and simulates the ecological environment of the Tibet region. Aiming at the characteristic of low dissolved oxygen at high altitude in the Tibet region, the oxygen dissolving device is specially designed, the structure of the device adopts the Venturi tube principle, two horn-shaped spraying cavities are designed, flowing water is accelerated after being sprayed for the first time, oxygen is sucked by utilizing negative pressure, the flowing water mixed with the oxygen is accelerated through secondary spraying, the reed vibrates to generate ultrasonic waves by high-speed flowing water, bubbles in the flowing water are smashed and immediately enter an amplified diffusion chamber, a large amount of micro-bubbles are generated in the diffusion chamber and then enter a mixing chamber, a water inlet of the mixing chamber adopts an inclined hole design, and the flowing water swirls in the mixing chamber after being accelerated, so that the micro-bubbles are fully mixed with a water body. The system realizes secondary acceleration and automatic mixing by using a structure, does not need additional power, only needs to arrange a water pump at a water inlet of the oxygen dissolving device, has low requirements on pressure and temperature, saves energy and is particularly suitable for the low-pressure and low-temperature environment in Tibet areas.
2. The steam hole connected with the solar steam equipment is introduced into the oxygen dissolving device, and the boiling point of water in a Tibet region is only 60-80 ℃ and much sunlight is considered, so that the effect of increasing the temperature can be achieved when low-temperature steam enters a water body to be liquefied and releases heat, and the characteristics of local sunlight and low air pressure are fully utilized; also can let in vapour and oxygen simultaneously, the bubble of melting into vapour is at the continuous liquefaction of come-up in-process vapour and is given off the heat, and the bubble can stir the water and reach the even effect of heat diffusion, more is favorable to accelerating thermal diffusion.
3. The cultivation method based on the cultivation system can conveniently keep the water level at 30-40cm, and the whole system can maintain the water flow of the whole system to be constant at 1-2m only by arranging a water pump at the water inlet of the fishpond to control the inflow flow rate3The water temperature of the fishpond is 10-12 ℃ all the year round, and the dissolved oxygen concentration can be 6.0-8.0mg/L by the oxygen dissolving device under the low-speed and low-temperature setting.
4. The artemia nauplii in the Tibet area contain higher EPA and a small amount of DHA which is not contained in other areas, but the day-night temperature difference of the Tibet area is large, the climate is dry, the cultivation period of the artemia nauplii is longer, and the survival period is shorter. In the large-scale production, if local artemia cysts are selected for a long time, the situations of no guarantee of live bait sources and unstable yield can exist, so that a proper amount of artificial compound feed is added. The artificial compound feed can be uniformly suspended in water, is not easy to settle, and is beneficial to feeding of the larval fish.
5. The initial feed plays an important role in the normal growth of the fry and is the key for improving the survival rate of the fry. The artificial compound feed selects digestible protein, has high nutritional value, is added with raw materials with food therapy effect, and is beneficial to appetizing and helping digestion, mobilizes the appetite of the fry and promotes the food intake, and the aloe, the purslane, the houttuynia cordata and the dandelion all have the effects of detoxifying, inhibiting bacteria and diminishing inflammation, lubricating intestines and eliminating stagnation, so that the breeding of germs can be prevented, and the immunity of the fry is improved. After the raw materials containing the traditional Chinese medicine components are added, the palatability of the feed is not influenced, the food calling performance is good, the water pollution is small, and the survival rate of the schizothorax biddulphi fry is up to more than 92%.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a schizothorax biddulphi fry rearing system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of an oxygen dissolving apparatus of example 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an oxygen dissolving apparatus according to examples 2 to 3.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of an intake passage of embodiment 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a third liquid outlet.
Fig. 6 is a control schematic diagram of the schizothorax biddulphi fry rearing system of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. the device comprises a shell, 2, a liquid inlet channel, 3, a first spraying cavity, 4, an air inlet channel, 5, a second spraying cavity, 6, a transition channel, 7, a diffusion chamber, 8, a mixing chamber, 9, a water treatment system, 10, an oxygen dissolving device, 11, a fishpond, 31, a first liquid outlet, 41, an air inlet, 42, a steam hole, 51, a second liquid outlet, 61, a reed, 71, a third liquid outlet, 711, a partition plate, 712, a liquid outlet, 81 and a guide plate.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly and specifically illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described by the following embodiments. The following examples are intended to illustrate the practice of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 5, a schizothorax fry breeding system on Tibet plateau comprises a fish pond 11, a water outlet of the fish pond 11 is sequentially connected with a water treatment system 9 and an oxygen dissolving device 10 through a pipeline, the oxygen dissolving device 10 is connected with a water inlet of the fish pond 11 through a pipeline, the water outlet and the water inlet are oppositely arranged, and the bottom surface of the fish pond 11 is a slope surface with one end of the water inlet higher than one end of the water outlet; the oxygen dissolving device 10 comprises a shell 1, and a liquid inlet chamber, an air inlet chamber, a diffusion chamber 7 and a mixing chamber 8 which are arranged in the shell, wherein the liquid inlet chamber consists of a liquid inlet channel 2 and a first spraying cavity 3 communicated with the liquid inlet channel; the first injection cavity 3 is horn-shaped, one end with a small opening is a first liquid outlet 31, and the first liquid outlet 31 is communicated with the air inlet chamber; the air inlet chamber is composed of an air inlet channel 4 and a second injection cavity 5, the caliber of the air inlet channel 4 is the same as that of the first liquid outlet 31, air inlets 41 penetrating through the shell are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the air inlet channel 4, the second injection cavity 5 is horn-shaped, one end with a small opening is a second liquid outlet 51, the second liquid outlet 51 is communicated with the diffusion chamber 7 through a transition channel 6, the caliber of the transition channel 6 is the same as that of the second liquid outlet 51, a reed 61 parallel to the water flow direction is arranged in the transition channel 5, one end of the reed 61 is just positioned at the center of the second liquid outlet 51, and the other end of the reed 61 is abutted against the diffusion chamber 7; diffusion chamber 7 is the loudspeaker form, and the one end that the opening is big is the intercommunication the third liquid outlet 71 of mixing chamber 8, third liquid outlet 71 are for seting up out the baffle 711 of liquid hole 712, go out liquid hole 712 circumference and distribute at the edge of baffle 711, all go out liquid hole 712 and be the unanimous inclined hole of gradient, and the incline direction circumference encircles the inner wall of mixing chamber.
The system is a circulating water system, and the water treatment system 9 is formed by sequentially connecting a filtering device, an ultraviolet sterilizing device, a fixed bed biological filter and a moving bed biological filter according to the water flow direction.
The discharged water in the fish pond is processed through a filtering system, and is returned to the fish pond from the water inlet of the fish pond after being oxygenated in the dissolved oxygen device, so that water resources are repeatedly utilized, the bottom surface of the fish pond is also set to be a slope surface with one end higher than one end of the water outlet, flowing water flows to the water outlet from the water inlet automatically, and the simulated natural environment keeps the micro-flowing state of the fish pond.
Flowing water enters from the liquid inlet channel 2 in the oxygen dissolving device, is accelerated after being sprayed for the first time in the horn-shaped first spraying cavity 3, sucks oxygen by using negative pressure when flowing at high speed in the gas inlet channel 4, the flowing water mixed with the oxygen is accelerated again after being sprayed for the second time in the horn-shaped second spraying cavity 5, the reed 61 is vibrated by the high-speed flowing water to generate ultrasonic waves, bubbles in the flowing water are broken and immediately enter the amplified diffusion chamber 7, a large number of micro-bubbles are generated in the diffusion chamber 7 and then enter the mixing chamber 8 through the third liquid outlet 71, the third liquid outlet 71 is designed by adopting an inclined liquid outlet 712, and the flowing water flows out of the liquid outlet 712 and is accelerated to generate rotational flow in the mixing chamber 8, so that the micro-bubbles and a water body are fully mixed. The system realizes secondary acceleration and automatic mixing by using a structure, does not need additional power, only needs to arrange a water pump at a water inlet of the oxygen dissolving device, has low requirements on pressure and temperature, saves energy and is particularly suitable for the low-pressure and low-temperature environment in Tibet areas.
Example 2
This example is based on example 1:
as shown in fig. 3, a spiral guide plate 81 is disposed on the inner wall of the mixing chamber 8, and the spiral guide plate 81 has a spiral angle corresponding to the inclination angle of the liquid outlet hole.
Flowing water flows out of the liquid outlet hole 712 and is accelerated to generate rotational flow in the mixing chamber 8, and the spiral guide plate 81 with the same inclination angle with the liquid outlet hole is additionally arranged in the mixing chamber 8, so that the water body can rotate in the mixing chamber more stably, and bubbles can be more fully mixed in the water body.
Example 3
This example is based on example 1:
as shown in fig. 3, a spiral guide plate 81 is disposed on the inner wall of the mixing chamber 8, and the spiral guide plate 81 has a spiral angle corresponding to the inclination angle of the liquid outlet hole.
As shown in fig. 4, two steam holes 42 penetrating through the housing are further oppositely arranged on the side wall of the air inlet passage 4, and the steam holes 42 are communicated with external solar steam equipment.
When the water temperature in the fish pond is lower than a required value, low-temperature steam enters a water body and is liquefied to release heat, so that the effect of increasing the temperature can be achieved; also can let in vapour and oxygen simultaneously, the bubble of melting into vapour is at the continuous liquefaction of come-up in-process vapour and is given off the heat, and the bubble can stir the water and reach the even effect of heat diffusion, more is favorable to accelerating thermal diffusion.
Example 4
This example is based on example 3:
the ratio of the distance between the water inlet of the air inlet channel 4 and the air inlet 41 to the caliber of the air inlet channel is 5; the ratio of the distance between the water inlet of the air inlet channel 4 and the steam hole 42 to the caliber of the air inlet channel is 8; the thickness of the reed is 0.5mm, the width is 15mm, and the length is 50 mm.
The water flow in the liquid inlet channel 2 is 1m3The aperture of the air inlet hole 41 is 1mm, and the aperture of the steam hole 42 is 5 mm. Too large a pore diameter affects the flow rate and the oxygen dissolution amount, and too small a pore diameter does not suffice, which is the optimum size to meet the requirements.
The slope of 11 bottoms surfaces of fish pond is 20 degrees angles, ensures that the velocity of flow of entire system is at 1-2m3Constant range of/h.
The water temperature of the fishpond is kept at 10-12 ℃ all year round, and the water inlet flow is 1-2m3On the basis of/h, the aperture ratio and the reed size of the air inlet channel are designed under the specific condition, and the dissolved oxygen is up to 6.0-8.0mg/L by matching with the structure of the dissolved oxygen device.
Example 5
This example is based on example 3:
the ratio of the distance between the water inlet of the air inlet channel 4 and the air inlet 41 to the caliber of the air inlet channel is 5; the ratio of the distance between the water inlet of the air inlet channel 4 and the steam hole 42 to the caliber of the air inlet channel is 8; the thickness of the reed is 0.5mm, the width is 15mm, and the length is 50 mm.
The water flow in the liquid inlet channel 2 is 2m3H, the aperture of the air inlet hole 41 is 2mm, and the aperture of the steam hole 42 is 10 mm. Too large a pore diameter affects the flow rate and the oxygen dissolution amount, and too small a pore diameter does not suffice, which is the optimum size to meet the requirements.
Example 6
This example is based on example 3:
the ratio of the distance between the water inlet of the air inlet channel 4 and the air inlet 41 to the caliber of the air inlet channel 4 is 5; the ratio of the distance between the water inlet of the air inlet channel 4 and the steam hole 42 to the caliber of the air inlet channel 4 is 8; the thickness of the reed is 0.5mm, the width is 15mm, and the length is 50 mm.
The water flow in the liquid inlet channel 2 is 1.5m3H, the aperture of the air inlet hole 41 is 1.5mm, and the aperture of the steam hole 42 is 7 mm.
The steam hole 42 and the air inlet hole 41 form an angle of 60 degrees with the air inlet channel; the inclination angle of the side walls of the first ejection chamber 3 and the second ejection chamber 5 is 60 degrees, and the inclination angle of the side wall of the diffusion chamber 7 is 75 degrees. The gas can be smoothly inhaled, and the dissolution effect of the oxygen at the angle is good.
Example 7
This example is based on example 3:
the system further comprises a controller, wherein a flow meter and a water inlet pump are arranged at a water inlet of the fish pond, a temperature sensor, a dissolved oxygen measuring instrument, a water level sensor and a water level controller are installed in the fish pond, electromagnetic valves are arranged on connecting pipelines of the steam hole and the air inlet hole, the temperature sensor, the dissolved oxygen measuring instrument, the water level sensor and the flow meter are respectively connected with the input end of the controller, and the water inlet pump, the electromagnetic valves and the water level controller are connected with the output end of the controller.
When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is lower than a set value, a signal is transmitted to the controller, the controller opens the electromagnetic valve of the steam hole pipeline, and hot steam is sucked into the air inlet channel to heat the water body; when the dissolved oxygen measuring instrument detects that the oxygen dissolution amount of the water body is lower than a set value, a signal is transmitted to the controller, the controller opens the electromagnetic valve of the air inlet pipeline, and oxygen is sucked into the air inlet channel to oxygenate the water body; the flow meter and the water inlet pump at the water inlet of the fish pond realize the control of the water flow of the system, and the water level sensor and the water level controller realize the control of the water level in the fish pond.
Example 8
Tibet plateau schizothorax fry cultivation method based on cultivation systemThe breeding method comprises the following steps: before cultivation, cleaning and sterilizing the fish pond, keeping running water for 3 days, putting the fish fries into the fish pond, and putting the fish fries into the fish pond to realize stocking density of 1000 fries/m2Feeding animal live baits and artificial mixed feed; the water level is kept at 30cm, and the water flow in the fish pond is 1m3The water temperature of the fishpond is 10 ℃ all the year around, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is 6.0 mg/L.
Example 9
The Tibet plateau schizothorax fry breeding method based on the breeding system of the invention comprises the following steps: before cultivation, cleaning and sterilizing the fish pond, keeping running water for 3 days, putting the fish fries into the fish pond, and putting the fish fries into the fish pond to realize stocking density of 1500 tails/m2Feeding animal live baits and artificial mixed feed; the water level is kept at 40cm, and the water flow in the fish pond is 2m3The water temperature of the fishpond is 12 ℃ all the year around, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is 8.0 mg/L.
Example 10
The Tibet plateau schizothorax fry breeding method based on the breeding system of the invention comprises the following steps: before cultivation, cleaning and sterilizing the fish pond, keeping running water for 3 days, putting the fish fries into the fish pond, and putting the fish fries into the fish pond to realize stocking density of 1200 tails/m2Feeding animal live baits and artificial mixed feed; keeping water level at 35cm and water flow in fish pond at 1.5m3The water temperature of the fishpond is 11 ℃ all the year around, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is 7.0 mg/L.
Example 11
This example is based on example 8:
the animal live bait is artemia nauplii in the Tibet area, and the mass ratio of the animal live bait to the artificial mixed feed is 1: 2.
the artificial compound feed consists of the following raw materials: 80 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of earthworm powder, 20 parts of expanded soybean meal, 5 parts of beer yeast, 2 parts of soybean oil, 2 parts of cooked egg yolk, 0.2 part of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1 part of choline chloride, 0.2 part of vitamin mixture, 0.2 part of mineral mixture, 2 parts of hawthorn, 2 parts of aloe, 1 part of purslane, 2 parts of houttuynia cordata and 2 parts of dandelion.
Example 12
This example is based on example 9:
the animal live bait is artemia nauplii in the Tibet area, and the mass ratio of the animal live bait to the artificial mixed feed is 1: 2.
the artificial compound feed consists of the following raw materials: 100 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of earthworm powder, 30 parts of expanded soybean meal, 10 parts of beer yeast, 8 parts of soybean oil, 5 parts of cooked egg yolk, 0.5 part of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 2 parts of choline chloride, 0.5 part of vitamin mixture, 0.5 part of mineral mixture, 5 parts of hawthorn, 3 parts of aloe, 2 parts of purslane, 3 parts of houttuynia cordata and 3 parts of dandelion.
Example 13
This example is based on example 10:
the animal live bait is artemia nauplii in the Tibet area, and the mass ratio of the animal live bait to the artificial mixed feed is 1: 2.
the artificial compound feed consists of the following raw materials: 90 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of earthworm powder, 26 parts of expanded soybean meal, 6 parts of beer yeast, 7 parts of soybean oil, 3 parts of cooked egg yolk, 0.3 part of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1.5 parts of choline chloride, 0.3 part of vitamin mixture, 0.3 part of mineral mixture, 3 parts of hawthorn, 2.5 parts of aloe, 1.5 parts of purslane, 2.5 parts of houttuynia cordata and 2.5 parts of dandelion.
1623.2kg of schizothorax prenanti and 3516 Lassa schizothorax prenanti are put into 3 fish ponds of the fry breeding system in total, 234 fishes die in total after 30 days of breeding according to the breeding method, the average survival rate of the fries is 93.2%, and the average growth rate is 91.5%.
Growth rate of schizothorax fry
Number of pool Initial full Length (cm) Terminal full Length (cm) Growth rate (%)
1 1.62±0.15 3.12±0.16 92.6％
2 1.62±0.15 3.09±0.23 90.7％
3 1.62±0.15 3.10±0.36 91.3％
Survival rate of schizothorax prenatal fry
Number of pool Before domestication Number of tails after domestication Death mantissa Survival rate (%)
1 1203 1029 87 92.8
2 1125 1053 72 93.6
3 1087 1012 75 93.1
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A schizothorax prenanti fry breeding system on Tibet plateau is characterized by comprising a fishpond, wherein a water outlet of the fishpond is sequentially connected with a water treatment system and an oxygen dissolving device through a pipeline, the oxygen dissolving device is connected with a water inlet of the fishpond through a pipeline, the water outlet and the water inlet are oppositely arranged, and the bottom surface of the fishpond is a slope surface with one end of the water inlet higher than one end of the water outlet; the oxygen dissolving device comprises a shell, and a liquid inlet chamber, an air inlet chamber, a diffusion chamber and a mixing chamber which are arranged in the shell, wherein the liquid inlet chamber consists of a liquid inlet channel and a first spraying cavity communicated with the liquid inlet channel; the first injection cavity is horn-shaped, one end with a small opening is a first liquid outlet, and the first liquid outlet is communicated with the air inlet chamber; the air inlet chamber is composed of an air inlet channel and a second spraying cavity, the caliber of the air inlet channel is the same as that of the first liquid outlet, air inlets penetrating through the shell are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the air inlet channel, the second spraying cavity is horn-shaped, one end with a small opening is a second liquid outlet, the second liquid outlet is communicated with the diffusion chamber through a transition channel, the caliber of the transition channel is the same as that of the second liquid outlet, a reed parallel to the water flow direction is arranged in the transition channel, one end of the reed is exactly positioned at the center of the second liquid outlet, and the other end of the reed is abutted against the diffusion chamber; the diffusion chamber is horn-shaped, one end with a large opening is a third liquid outlet communicated with the mixing chamber, the third liquid outlet is a partition plate provided with liquid outlet holes, the liquid outlet holes are circumferentially distributed at the edge of the partition plate, all the liquid outlet holes are inclined holes with consistent inclination, and the inclined direction circumferentially surrounds the inner wall of the mixing chamber;
a guide plate in the direction from the liquid inlet to the liquid outlet is arranged on the inner wall of the mixing chamber, the guide plate is spiral, and the spiral angle of the guide plate is consistent with the inclination angle of the liquid outlet hole;
two steam holes penetrating through the shell are oppositely formed in the side wall of the air inlet channel, and the steam holes are communicated with external solar steam equipment.
2. The system for cultivating schizothorax prenanti fry in Tibet plateau as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the distance from the water inlet of the air inlet channel to the air inlet to the aperture of the air inlet channel is 5: 1; the ratio of the distance between the water inlet of the air inlet channel and the steam hole to the caliber of the air inlet channel is 8: 1; the thickness of the reed is 0.5mm, the width is 15mm, and the length is 50 mm.
3. The system for rearing schizothorax prenanti fry in Tibet plateau as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water flow rate in the liquid inlet channel is 1-2m3The aperture of the air inlet hole is 1-2mm, and the aperture of the steam hole is 5-10 mm.
4. The system for rearing schizothorax prenanti fry in Tibet plateau as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steam hole and the air inlet hole are both at an angle of 60 degrees with respect to the air inlet channel; the inclination angles of the sidewalls of the first and second ejection chambers are 60 degrees, and the inclination angle of the sidewall of the diffusion chamber is 75 degrees.
5. The system for cultivating schizothorax prenanti fry in Tibet plateau as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a controller, wherein a flow meter and a water inlet pump are installed at the water inlet of the fish pond, a temperature sensor, a dissolved oxygen measuring instrument, a water level sensor and a water level controller are installed in the fish pond, electromagnetic valves are installed on the connecting pipes of the steam hole and the air inlet hole, the temperature sensor, the dissolved oxygen measuring instrument, the water level sensor and the flow meter are respectively connected with the input end of the controller, and the water inlet pump, the electromagnetic valves and the water level controller are connected with the output end of the controller.
6. The fry rearing method of the Tibet plateau schizothorax fry rearing system according to claim 1, wherein before rearing, the fishpond is cleaned and disinfected, the running water is kept for 3 days, and the fry is put into the fishpond with a stocking density of 1000 to 1500 tails/m2Feeding animal live baits and artificial mixed feed; keeping water level at 30-40cm, and water flow in fish pond at 1-2m3The water temperature of the fishpond is 10-12 ℃ all the year around, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is 6.0-8.0 mg/L.
7. The fry rearing method of the Tibet plateau schizothorax fry rearing system according to claim 6, wherein the animal live baits are artemia nauplius in Tibet region in a mass ratio of 1: 2.
8. the fry rearing method of the Tibet plateau schizothorax fry rearing system according to claim 6, wherein the artificial compound feed comprises the following raw materials: 80-100 parts of fish meal, 10-20 parts of earthworm powder, 20-30 parts of expanded soybean meal, 5-10 parts of beer yeast, 2-8 parts of soybean oil, 2-5 parts of cooked egg yolk, 0.2-0.5 part of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1-2 parts of choline chloride, 0.2-0.5 part of a vitamin mixture, 0.2-0.5 part of a mineral mixture, 2-5 parts of hawthorn, 2-3 parts of aloe, 1-2 parts of purslane, 2-3 parts of houttuynia cordata and 2-3 parts of dandelion.
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