CN109169186A - A kind of hills crop irrigation system and method based on Internet of Things - Google Patents
A kind of hills crop irrigation system and method based on Internet of Things Download PDFInfo
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- CN109169186A CN109169186A CN201810952133.7A CN201810952133A CN109169186A CN 109169186 A CN109169186 A CN 109169186A CN 201810952133 A CN201810952133 A CN 201810952133A CN 109169186 A CN109169186 A CN 109169186A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
- A01G25/167—Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
- A01G25/023—Dispensing fittings for drip irrigation, e.g. drippers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of hills crop irrigation system and method based on Internet of Things, is related to agriculture intelligent machine field, including crop soil moisture collector, weather information acquisition device, wireless transport module, irrigation rig and irrigation decision model.Crop soil moisture collector includes soil moisture sensor and data collector；Weather information acquisition device can acquire in real time weather information: air, temperature, humidity and rainfall；Real-time collected soil moisture information and weather information are transferred to host computer by wireless transport module；Irrigation decision model calculates current irrigation volume according to real-time collected information and history information in host computer；Irrigation rig is remotely irrigated according to calculated irrigation volume.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop irrigation and technology of wireless sensing network field, in particular to a kind of hills based on Internet of Things
Crop irrigation system and method.
Background technique
Undulating topography is uneven, soil permeability is strong, moisture holding capacity is poor, and rainwash easily converges loss, often goes out
Now uneven arid.Knob based on raising fruit trees, at present traditional irrigation mode be by artificial time sight soil moisture content,
Broad irrigation is carried out by rule of thumb, and for irrigation water using efficiency less than 30%, water resource waste phenomenon is serious.Existing irrigation method needs people
Work is irrigated, and time-consuming and laborious, existing manpower shortage needs to develop unmanned remote operation.Patent CN102160520A discloses one
Intelligent drip irrigation control system and its method of the kind based on Crop Evapotranspiration model, pass through data collecting module collected soil moisture
Information, which is established, irrigates model progress intelligent drip-irrigation control, but does not consider meteorologic factor to the shadow of soil evaporativeness in this method model
It rings.Patent CN102726273A discloses a kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, passes through acquisition
Upper soll layer moisture content establishes crop root zone water model and carries out simulation crop root zone moisture dynamic content and then instruct to irrigate, real
Now to the dynamic prediction of root zone moisture, but remote collection soil moisture content and intelligent remote irrigation is not implemented.Patent
CN103237067A discloses a kind of irrigation DSS based on cloud, by soil and weather information
It is acquired the estimation for realizing the water demand of crop and control is irrigated, but the system does not acquire real-time weather information and calculates irrigation
Amount.
In conclusion existing crop irrigation system, it is main or for greenhouse and field crop establish local model into
Row is irrigated, and when actual irrigation, is failed to establish model according to real time information and is carried out long-range precision irrigation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of hills crop irrigation system based on Internet of Things, by acquiring soil in real time
Moisture information, weather information, analyze Study on Crop Water Requirement Rules, precisely differentiate the aqueous condition that needs of crop, realize the accurate of hills crop
It is long-range to irrigate, thus the purpose of reaching saving water resource, promoting irrigation water using efficiency.
The soil moisture and meteorological information collection system include multiple soil moisture sensors, weather station and controller；
Wherein the signal wire of controller and soil moisture sensor is connected and is AD converted, and controller reads weather station number by serial ports
According to.
The wireless transmitting system includes radio station, the first radio station, the second radio station, serial server, CPE
Wireless bridge, communication base station and second controller；The data that controller acquires are sent to the second radio by the radio station
Data are sent to by serial server progress protocol conversion and by data by CPE wireless bridge logical by second controller after platform
Believe base station；Second controller is sent to the first radio station after receiving the control instruction of communication base station and by the first controller
It is acted.
The irrigation system includes water pump, filter, solenoid valve, relay, the first controller and spray head；Wherein spray head,
Filter, water pump are sequentially connected by pipeline, and the first controller is sequentially connected with relay, solenoid valve one end by conducting wire, electricity
The magnet valve other end is connected on pipeline.
In above scheme, the controller, second controller use PLC using single-chip microcontroller, the first controller, described wireless
The band limits in radio station is 425-450M.
In above scheme, the weather station acquisition information includes temperature, humidity, wind speed, rainfall, air pressure.
In above scheme, serial ports one and the second radio station of the second controller are communicated, second controller
Serial ports two is communicated with serial server, and serial server is connect with CPE wireless bridge by cable.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the specific technical solution that the present invention uses is as follows:
A kind of hills crop irrigation system based on Internet of Things, principle be based on the Soil moisture that acquires in real time and
Weather information, by the information input of acquisition to the mathematics between established soil moisture content and weather information and Study on Crop Water Requirement Rules
Model come determine crop currently whether need irrigate and irrigation volume.
A kind of hills crop irrigation method based on Internet of Things, comprising the following steps:
Step 1 determines the growth period of crop species and crop, obtains the optimum life of the current growth period crop
Long soil moisture environment builds acquisition crop Soil moisture and Meteorological Information System in real time.
Step 2 establishes the mathematical model between soil moisture content and weather information and Study on Crop Water Requirement Rules, flat with water
Weighing apparatus method, wherein soil water balance formula is as follows:
Wt-W0=Wr+P0+M-ET (1)
In above formula: WtFor the plan soil moisture content in the measurement period when any moment t, unit mm；W0It is in the measurement period
The soil moisture content of initial period, unit mm；WrIt is the increased soil with the increase of irrigation wetting depth within the measurement period
Water content, unit mm is shorter in the measurement period, and when across the different growth period of crop, the depth of irrigation wetting depth is not
Variation can be generated, at this time WrValue be taken as 0；P0For effective precipitation, unit mm；M is the duty measured in the period, unit
mm；ET is the practical water requirement of crop, unit mm.
Step 3, the evapotranspiration in decision model are calculated according to following formula:
ET=KC*ET0 (3)
In formula, Δ slope (k Pa/ DEG C) between temperature variation curve and the vapour pressure of saturation；T is 2m eminence average air
Warm (DEG C)；u2For 2m eminence mean wind speed (m/s)；esFor saturation vapour pressure (k Pa)；eaFor actual water vapor pressure (k Pa)；ET0 is
The reference transpiration rate of crop；γ is thermometer constant (K Pa/ DEG C)；ET is the practical water requirement of crop, unit mm；Kc is crop system
Number, crop coefficient and geographical location locating for agrotype, season and crop have it is close contact, same crop is not
With longitude and latitude position and its crop coefficient of different months be also continually changing, crop coefficient can pass through access
The crop coefficient table that FAO is provided obtains.
The determination method of each relevant parameter in formula is as follows:
λ=2.501- (2.361*10-3)T (7)
In formula, p is atmospheric pressure (k Pa)；λ is vapor latent heat；γ is thermometer constant (K Pa/ DEG C)；Z is meteorological
It stands the height (m) of height above sea level；Δ slope (k Pa/ DEG C) between temperature variation curve and the vapour pressure of saturation；T is average for 2m eminence
Temperature (DEG C).
Wherein RHmeanFor average relative humidity；TmaxFor daily maximum temperature；TminFor daily minimal tcmperature；esFor saturation vapour pressure
(k Pa)；eaFor actual water vapor pressure (k Pa)；e0For the vapour pressure (k Pa) under specific temperature.
Step 4 generally determines that calculation formula can table with precipitation multiplied by infiltrated water when calculating effective precipitation
It is shown as:
P0=α * P (11)
Wherein P0For effective precipitation, unit mm；P is practical rainfall, unit mm；For precipitation recharge coefficient.
Irrigation decision: step 5 according to acquisition crop Soil moisture and weather information in real time, is inputted by Transmission system
Model is imported into host computer and calculates irrigation volume, then is sent irrigation system for the result of decision and irrigated.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the present invention is by the way that the Soil moisture acquired in real time and weather information to be imported into irrigation decision model, accurately
Irrigation volume is exported, irrigation water using efficiency is greatly improved.
2. the present invention is by carrying out online real-time Transmission to crop Soil moisture and weather information and can be according to meter
The irrigation volume of calculating is remotely irrigated, and labor intensity is greatly reduced.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is block architecture diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is decision model data export structure figure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is irrigation system of the present invention composition figure.
Appended drawing reference is as follows:
1- water pump；2- pipeline；3- filter；4- relay；5- solenoid valve；6-PLC；7- spray head.
Specific embodiment
In order to preferably explain the present invention, the present invention is further solved below in conjunction with related embodiment attached drawing
It releases.The embodiment of the present invention is given in attached drawing, but the present invention is not limited in above-mentioned preferred embodiment.On the contrary, providing this
The purpose of a little embodiments is to keep disclosure of the invention face more abundant.
A kind of hills crop irrigation system framework based on Internet of Things of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1, include that acquisition in real time is made
Object Soil moisture and Meteorological Information System, wireless transmitting system, irrigation system.
The real-time acquisition crop Soil moisture and Meteorological Information System include n soil moisture sensor, weather station
And controller, wherein controller is connect with the signal wire of soil moisture sensor by P1 mouthfuls and is AD converted, and controller is logical
It crosses 485 serial ports connection weather station and carries out reading data.
The wireless transmitting system includes that two numbers pass the first radio station, the second radio station, serial server, base station
And controller.
The irrigation system includes water pump 1, filter 3, solenoid valve 5, relay 4, PLC6 and spray head 7, wherein spray head 7,
Filter 3, water pump 1 are sequentially connected by pipeline, and PLC6 is sequentially connected with relay 4,5 one end of solenoid valve by conducting wire, electromagnetism
5 other end of valve is connected on pipeline 2.
The irrigation decision model includes soil water balance equation: Wt-W0=Wr+P0+ M-ET, in above formula: WtFor measurement
Plan soil moisture content in period when any moment t, unit mm；W0It is the soil moisture content for measuring initial period in the period,
Unit mm；Wr is within the measurement period, and with the increase of irrigation wetting depth, increased soil moisture content, unit mm are being measured
Period is shorter, and when across the different growth period of crop, the depth of irrigation wetting depth will not generate variation, at this time the value of Wr
It is taken as 0；P0For effective precipitation, unit mm；M is the duty measured in the period, unit mm；ET, which is that crop is practical, needs water
Amount, unit mm.
Evapotranspiration in the decision model is calculated according to following formula:ET
=KC* ET0, in formula, Δ slope (k Pa/ DEG C) between temperature variation curve and the vapour pressure of saturation；T is 2m eminence average air
Warm (DEG C)；u2For 2m eminence mean wind speed (m/s)；esFor saturation vapour pressure (k Pa)；eaFor actual water vapor pressure (k Pa)；Kc is
Crop coefficient, crop coefficient and geographical location locating for agrotype, season and crop have it is close contact, same work
Object is also continually changing in different longitude and latitude positions and its crop coefficient of different months, and crop coefficient can pass through
The crop coefficient table that FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) provides is consulted to obtain.
Controller described in the present embodiment, the first controller, second controller use STC12C5A60S2 single-chip microcontroller,
STC12C5A60S2 single-chip microcontroller has double-serial port and 8 road AD sampling channels；The band limits of radio station: 425-
450M, the preferred 433M of the present embodiment.
Weather station acquisition information includes temperature, humidity, wind speed, rainfall, air pressure in the present embodiment.
A kind of hills crop irrigation system based on Internet of Things, comprising the following steps:
Step 1 determines the growth period of crop species and crop, obtains the optimum life of the current growth period crop
Long soil moisture environment builds acquisition crop Soil moisture and Meteorological Information System in real time；
Step 2 establishes the mathematical model between soil moisture content and weather information and Study on Crop Water Requirement Rules, flat with water
Weighing apparatus method, wherein soil water balance formula is as follows:
Wt-W0=Wr+P0+M-ET (1)
In above formula: Wt is plan soil moisture content when measuring any moment t in the period, unit mm；W0It is the measurement period
The soil moisture content of interior initial period, unit mm；Wr is the increased soil with the increase of irrigation wetting depth within the measurement period
Earth water content, unit mm is shorter in the measurement period, when across the different growth period of crop, the depth of irrigation wetting depth
Variation will not be generated, the value of Wr is taken as 0 at this time；P0For effective precipitation, unit mm；M is the duty measured in the period, single
Position mm；ET is the practical water requirement of crop, unit mm.
Step 3, the evapotranspiration in decision model are calculated according to following formula:
ET=KC*ET0 (3)
In formula, Δ slope (k Pa/ DEG C) between temperature variation curve and the vapour pressure of saturation；T is 2m eminence average air
Warm (DEG C)；u2For 2m eminence mean wind speed (m/s)；esFor saturation vapour pressure (k Pa)；eaFor actual water vapor pressure (k Pa)；Kc is
Crop coefficient, crop coefficient and geographical location locating for agrotype, season and crop have it is close contact, same work
Object is also continually changing in different longitude and latitude positions and its crop coefficient of different months, and crop coefficient can pass through
The crop coefficient table that FAO is provided is consulted to obtain.
The determination method of each relevant parameter in formula is as follows:
λ=2.501- (2.361*10-3)T (7)
In formula, p is atmospheric pressure (k Pa)；λ is vapor latent heat；Z is the height (m) of weather station height above sea level.
Wherein RHmeanFor average relative humidity, TmaxFor daily maximum temperature, TminFor daily minimal tcmperature；e0(Tmin) it is in day
Vapour pressure under the lowest temperature, e0(Tmax) vapour pressure under daily maximum temperature, exp indicates using natural constant e as the index at bottom
Function.
Step 4 generally determines that calculation formula can table with precipitation multiplied by infiltrated water when calculating effective precipitation
It is shown as:
P0=α * P (11)
Wherein P0For effective precipitation, unit mm；P is practical rainfall, unit mm；For precipitation recharge coefficient
Irrigation decision: step 4 according to acquisition crop Soil moisture and weather information in real time, is inputted by Transmission system
Model is imported into host computer and calculates irrigation volume, then is sent irrigation system for the result of decision and irrigated.
The embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, not
In the case where substantive content of the invention, any conspicuous improvement that those skilled in the art can make, replacement
Or modification all belongs to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of hills crop irrigation system based on Internet of Things, which is characterized in that including soil moisture and meteorological information acquisition
System, wireless transmitting system and irrigation system；
The soil moisture and meteorological information collection system include multiple soil moisture sensors, weather station and controller；Wherein
The signal wire of controller and soil moisture sensor is connected and is AD converted, and controller reads weather station data by serial ports；
The wireless transmitting system includes radio station, the first radio station, the second radio station, serial server, CPE is wireless
Bridge, communication base station and second controller.
2. the hills crop irrigation system according to claim 1 based on Internet of Things, which is characterized in that the radio station
The data that controller acquires are sent to after the second radio station second controller, data are subjected to agreement by serial server
It converts and data is sent to communication base station by CPE wireless bridge；Second controller receives the control instruction of communication base station
After be sent to the first radio station and acted by the first controller；The irrigation system includes water pump, filter, electromagnetism
Valve, relay, the first controller and spray head；Wherein spray head, filter, water pump are sequentially connected by pipeline, the first controller with
Relay, solenoid valve one end are sequentially connected by conducting wire, and the solenoid valve other end is connected on pipeline.
3. the hills crop irrigation system according to claim 1 based on Internet of Things, which is characterized in that the controller,
Second controller uses PLC using single-chip microcontroller, the first controller.
4. the hills crop irrigation system according to claim 1 based on Internet of Things, which is characterized in that the radio station
Frequency range be 425~450M.
5. the hills crop irrigation system according to claim 1 based on Internet of Things, which is characterized in that adopt the weather station
Collecting information includes temperature, humidity, wind speed, rainfall, air pressure.
6. the hills crop irrigation system according to claim 1 based on Internet of Things, which is characterized in that second control
The serial ports one of device is communicated with the second radio station, and serial ports two and the serial server of second controller are communicated, serial ports
Server is connect with CPE wireless bridge by cable.
7. the hills crop irrigation system according to claim 1 based on Internet of Things, which is characterized in that controller passes through P1
Mouth is connect with the signal wire of soil moisture sensor to be AD converted, and controller reads weather station data by 485 serial ports.
8. a kind of hills crop irrigation method based on Internet of Things, principle is gentle based on the Soil moisture acquired in real time
Image information, by the information input of acquisition to the mathematical modulo between established soil moisture content and weather information and Study on Crop Water Requirement Rules
Type come determine crop currently whether need irrigate and irrigation volume；Characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step 1: determining the growth period of crop species and crop, obtains the optimum growth soil of the current growth period crop
Earth humidity environment is simultaneously input in host computer, builds acquisition crop soil moisture and Meteorological Information System in real time；
Step 2: establishing the mathematical model between soil moisture content and weather information and Study on Crop Water Requirement Rules with water balance method,
Passing through step 1) system built carries out data acquisition and imports data in mathematical model to be calculated, the wherein soil water
Balance-dividing formula is as follows:
Wt-W0=Wr+P0+M-ET (1)
In above formula: Wt is plan soil moisture content when measuring any moment t in the period, unit mm；W0 is first in the measurement period
The soil moisture content in period beginning, unit mm；Wr is within the measurement period, and with the increase of irrigation wetting depth, increased soil contains
Water, unit mm is shorter in the measurement period, and when across the different growth period of crop, the depth of irrigation wetting depth will not
Variation is generated, the value of Wr is taken as 0 at this time；P0 is effective precipitation, unit mm；M is the duty measured in the period, unit
mm；ET is the practical water requirement of crop, unit mm.
Step 3: by evapotranspiration calculation formula steps for importing two) substitution of related transpiration rate is carried out in the mathematical model put up
It calculates, wherein evapotranspiration calculation formula is as follows:
ET=KC*ET0 (3)
In formula, Δ slope between temperature variation curve and the vapour pressure of saturation, unit is k Pa/ DEG C；T is 2m eminence average air
Temperature, DEG C；u2For 2m eminence mean wind speed, m/s；esFor saturation vapour pressure, k Pa；eaFor actual water vapor pressure k Pa；Kc is crop system
Number, crop coefficient and geographical location locating for agrotype, season and crop have it is close contact, same crop is not
With longitude and latitude position and its crop coefficient of different months be also continually changing, crop coefficient can pass through access
The crop coefficient table that FAO is provided obtains；
The determination method of each relevant parameter in formula is as follows:
λ=2.501- (2.361*10-3)T (7)
In formula, p is atmospheric pressure (k Pa)；λ is vapor latent heat；Z is the height (m) of weather station height above sea level.
Wherein RHmeanFor average relative humidity, TmaxFor daily maximum temperature, TminFor daily minimal tcmperature.
Step 4: effective precipitation calculation formula is imported into step 2) meter of rainfall is carried out in established mathematical model
It calculates, calculation formula may be expressed as:
P0=α * P (11)
Step 5: irrigation decision: according to acquisition crop Soil moisture and weather information in real time, by Transmission system by step
One) data acquired imported into step 2 in host computer) mathematical model established calculates irrigation volume, then the result of decision sent
It is irrigated to irrigation system.
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| CN109819882A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-05-31 | 固安京蓝云科技有限公司 | Determine the method and device of irrigation program |
| CN109977515A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-07-05 | 固安京蓝云科技有限公司 | For the practical water consumption processing method and processing device of crops, server |
| CN109997658A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-07-12 | 上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司 | Intelligent Sprinkling Irrigation and sprinkling irrigation control method |
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| CN110036884A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-07-23 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Irrigation method and device based on crop cycle water feature and real-time weather |
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