CN109157669A - 纤维素增强葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
纤维素增强葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料及其制备方法。所述水凝胶由氨基化葡聚糖和醛基化葡聚糖在人体体温下交联获得,其内部分布有改性纤维素短纤及多肽。制备方法为:将葡聚糖与酸酐反应,然后经过脱BOC后得到含有多氨基的葡聚糖;将葡聚糖经氧化剂选择性氧化成醛基化葡聚糖;将含有多氨基的葡聚糖、醛基化葡聚糖分别制成水溶液,混合后,加入改性纤维素短纤及固相合成的多肽,在人体体温条件下,制备纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料。本发明不仅具有良好的机械性能,同时具备优良的生物相容性及抗菌性能,具有优良的抗压及弹性性能,能促进伤口快速愈合,适用于不同深度慢性皮肤溃疡的伤口治疗与修复。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料及其制备方法,属于医用材料及其制备技术领域。
背景技术
深度皮肤溃疡是由外源性微生物感染、血液循环障碍、免疫功能异常或先天皮肤缺损等引起的深层皮肤黏膜组织缺损。此类溃疡伤口难以愈合,临床治疗至少需要8周。造成皮肤深层溃烂的原因较为复杂,感染是其重要影响因素之一。研究表明细菌生物膜的形成是导致并加重此类感染的主要原因。皮肤具有自修复功能,但创面一旦达到深度伤口级别,其修复功能将会严重下降,为此,人们使用敷料以辅助创面修复。
如今,商品化的大部分敷料都没有注射填充性,导致敷料不能与溃疡伤口完全贴合,因此它们之间产生了一定的缝隙。这些缝隙的存在,便给予了生物膜形成的有利环境。在生物膜和周围耐药菌群的保护下,平时非致病的微生物也会产生抗生素耐药性,这为慢性伤口的愈合带来了极大的阻碍。临床应用上,在深度感染皮肤溃疡伤口修复时,一方面由于其伤口的深度及其形态的不规整性,另一方面由于换药的频率低(一周左右),使得开发与伤口完全贴合、具有柔性、适应伤口愈合创面减小抵抗机械压力和耐体外压力、形变性能优良的敷料显得尤为重要。
具有高度水合聚合物网络的水凝胶可以为细胞提供更加类似于天然细胞外基质的环境,而用于增强的纤维素可以提供接近生物组织的必要机械性能。此多级增强的敷料具有清创、抗蛋白吸附、对药物及生长因子控制释放等功能。特别是可与深度不规整感染皮肤溃疡创面紧密贴合,两者形成的低氧或无氧的环境抑制微生物的生长,促进伤口的愈合。纤维素超短纤维比表面积大,湿态时也能保持强度,具有优良柔韧性能,使得其在小至中等负荷作用下产生的变形较小,增强形状适应型水凝胶敷料机械强度,加快改善医用敷料的性能。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:提供一种纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料及其制备方法,该敷料既具有可注射性,能适应不同规则及深度的伤口,又具有良好的机械性能,具有优良的抗压及弹性性能,同时能长效抗菌、抗蛋白吸附,促进伤口快速愈合。
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料,其特征在于,所述水凝胶由氨基化葡聚糖和醛基化葡聚糖在人体体温下交联获得,其内部分布有改性纤维素短纤及多肽。
优选地,所述多肽为含有RGD序列的抗菌多肽,其为水凝胶敷料提供抗菌性能,抗菌多肽的种类和数量随氨基酸的种类和数量的改变而不同。
本发明还提供了一种上述纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1):将葡聚糖与酸酐反应,然后将所得产物与BOC酸酐单保护的二胺小分子反应,经过脱BOC后得到含有多氨基的葡聚糖;
步骤2):将不同分子量的葡聚糖经氧化剂选择性氧化成醛基化葡聚糖;
步骤3):将含有多氨基的葡聚糖、醛基化葡聚糖分别制成水溶液,按比例混合后,加入改性纤维素短纤及固相合成的多肽,在人体体温条件下,制备纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料。抗菌多肽中的氨基与醛基化葡聚糖中的醛基反应,增大了水凝胶的交联度。水凝胶的强度通过调控氨基化葡聚糖和醛基化葡聚糖含量比、多肽含量及改性纤维素短纤的长度及含量来控制。
优选地,所述步骤1)中的葡聚糖的重均分子量为5000-50000;酸酐采用丁二酸酐、琥珀酸酐和苯酐中的任意一种或几种;二胺的碳原子数为2-12个。
优选地,所述步骤1)中葡聚糖与酸酐反应所得产物为具有不同取代度的羧基化葡聚糖。
更优选地,所述羧基化葡聚糖与BOC酸酐单保护的二胺小分子反应的具体步骤为:在0℃下,将羧基化葡聚糖溶于去离子水中,加入1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺反应2小时,再加入BOC酸酐单保护的二胺小分子在室温下反应6-24小时,得到的产物中加入三氟乙酸脱BOC,再将反应产物透析,冻干,低温保存。
优选地,所述步骤2)中的氧化剂为KMnO4、NaIO4或KIO4。
优选地,所述步骤3)中改性纤维素短纤的制备方法为:60℃条件下,将纤维素与酸酐放入四氢呋喃溶液中,然后加入催化剂反应6-24小时,所得产物水洗、干燥;再将纤维素进行化学亲水修饰,提高纤维素短纤的分散性能;最后,将纤维素切成短纤即可。纤维素短纤均匀分布在水凝胶内部,增大了水凝胶的强度及韧性,改善了水凝胶的机械性能。
更优选地,所述酸酐为丁二酸酐、琥珀酸酐和苯酐中的任意一种或几种;催化剂为4-二甲氨基吡啶;化学亲水修饰具体为:将纤维素短纤中的羟基转化成羧基或氨基。
优选地,所述步骤3)中改性纤维素短纤的加入量为水凝胶敷料重量的1%~5%。
本发明利用席夫碱交联成胶,无需添加其他交联剂及化学物质。与现有的水凝胶敷料相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明所采用的是葡聚糖基的水凝胶敷料,葡聚糖单体大分子能够活化巨噬细胞、嗜中性白血球等,因此能提高白细胞素、细胞分裂素和特殊抗体的含量,全面刺激机体的免疫系统。那么,机体就有更多的准备去抵抗微生物引起的疾病。此外,葡聚糖还有清除游离基、抗辐射、溶解胆固醇,预防高脂血症作用及抵抗滤过性病毒、真菌、细菌等引起的感染;
(2)本发明通过席夫碱交联反应,仅依赖于聚合物分子链上的醛基和氨基反应,不需要引入多余的引发剂或交联剂,因而避免了该类试剂的毒副作用,最大化降低化学毒性,所得产品生物毒性小,安全;
(3)本发明具有可注射性,能够适应各类深度慢性溃疡伤口形状,可与深度不规整感染皮肤溃疡创面紧密贴合,两者形成的低氧或无氧的环境抑制微生物的生长,防止伤口感染,促进伤口的快速愈合;
(4)本发明采用多级增强结构,在氨基化葡聚糖的氨基与醛基化葡聚糖的醛基交联反应的基础上,抗菌多肽中的氨基与醛基化葡聚糖中的醛基反应,增大了水凝胶的交联度;
(5)本发明所采用的改性的纤维素切成短纤,均匀分布在水凝胶的内部,纤维素比表面积大,湿态时也能保持强度,具有优良柔韧性能,使得其在小至中等负荷作用下产生的变形较小,增强水凝胶敷料机械强度,增大了水凝胶的交联度,改善了水凝胶的机械性能;
(6)本发明采用的抗菌多肽不仅具有良好的生物相容性,并具备广谱抗菌活性,相较于一般抗菌剂,能有效改善细菌的耐药性。
附图说明
图1为氨基化葡聚糖合成过程的化学反应式;
图2为醛基化葡聚糖合成过程的化学反应式;
图3为可注射水凝胶合成过程的化学反应式;
图4为纤维素改性过程的示意图;
图5为多级增强水凝胶敷料形成过程的示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明更明显易懂,兹以优选实施例,并配合附图作详细说明如下。
实施例1
一种纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料的制备方法为:
a)氨基化葡聚糖的制备:
将二碳酸二叔丁酯(10g、0.0459mol)溶于二氯甲烷(120mL)中,然后逐滴加入溶解于二氯甲烷(120mL)中的乙二胺(图1结构式1)(16.5g、0.275mol),在0℃下反应6-24小时,用旋转蒸发仪除去二氯甲烷,然后用100mL饱和食盐水水洗,再用200mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机层,并用无水硫酸镁干燥过夜,抽滤,用旋转蒸发仪除去乙酸乙酯,得到产物(图1结构式2)。
在90℃下,将葡聚糖(图1结构式3)2g溶于氯化锂和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合溶液中(氯化锂含量为50%wt),待葡聚糖完全溶解后,使溶液降低至60℃,加入催化剂三乙胺(0.1g),反应搅拌十五分钟后,加入丁二酸酐(1.04g),在氮气的保护下反应24小时,所得产物(图1结构式4)在异丙醇中沉淀析出,过滤,干燥。
在0℃下,将羧基化葡聚糖(图1结构式4)(0.89g)溶于去离子水中,加入1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(0.93g)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(0.56g)反应两个小时,再将BOC酸酐单保护的乙二胺(图1结构式2)(1g)在室温下加入反应6-24小时,得到的产物中加入浓度为2.5%的三氟乙酸脱BOC2小时,再将反应产物(图1结构式5)透析,冻干,低温保存。
b)醛基化葡聚糖的制备:
在室温下,将葡聚糖(图2结构式3)2g溶于50mL去离子水中,再逐滴加入溶于5mL去离子水中的高碘酸钠(0.44g),避光反应4个小时,再加入乙二醇(0.13g)室温反应2个小时,所得产物(图2结构式6)透析,冻干,低温保存。
c)亲水化纤维素短纤的制备:
在60℃下,将纤维素(1g)与丁二酸酐(2g)放入四氢呋喃(200mL)溶液中,加入催化剂4-二甲氨基吡啶反应6-24小时,所得产物用去离子水洗涤多次,干燥,并切成短纤。反应过程如图4所示。
d)抗菌多肽的固相制备:
取2mmol树脂至多肽合成装置中,加入干燥的DMF浸泡半小时,使之充分溶胀,最后排出溶剂DMF。
称取4mmol氨基酸用DMF溶解,然后将该溶液转入到上步含有处理过的树脂的多肽合成装置中,再加入2mL催化剂DIEA,在室温下反应1.5h,使其充分固定在树脂上。用DMF洗涤树脂。
加入20%体积的哌啶/DMF溶液到上一步树脂中反应半小时,脱保护。用DMF洗涤树脂,用茚三酮检验保护是否完全。
称取4mmol氨基酸、HBTU、HOBt溶于DMF中,将该溶液转入到上步含有处理过的树脂的多肽合成装置中,再加入2mL催化剂DIEA,在室温下反应1.5h。用DMF洗涤树脂。用茚三酮检验氨基是否反应完全。若无色,则表明缩合反应可进行下一步操作;若显蓝色,则再缩合至检验为无色方可进行下一步操作。
重复以上步骤。
再用二氯甲烷洗涤树脂,干燥。用三氟乙酸反应2小时,切落多肽。收集滤液和洗液,旋蒸浓缩,用无水乙醚沉淀,抽滤,干燥。
e)纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶的制备:
将氨基化葡聚糖(图3结构式5)水溶液与醛基化葡聚糖(图3结构式6)水溶液混合,加入经丁二酸酐改性的纤维素短纤(纤维含量为1%)及固相合成的抗菌多肽,在人体体温下,交联制备纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料(图3结构式7)。可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料的形成过程如图5所示,在C57BL/6小鼠的不规则伤口处原位交联形成的可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料,能适应各种不规则伤口的形状,有效抑制细菌生物膜的形成,促进伤口快速愈合。
实施例2
一种纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料的制备方法:
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于:
步骤a)为:
将二碳酸二叔丁酯(10g、0.0459mol)溶于二氯甲烷(120mL)中,然后逐滴加入溶解于二氯甲烷(120mL)中的乙二胺(图1结构式1)(16.5g、0.275mol),在0℃下反应6-24小时,用旋转蒸发仪除去二氯甲烷,然后用100mL饱和食盐水水洗,再用200mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机层,并用无水硫酸镁干燥过夜,抽滤,用旋转蒸发仪除去乙酸乙酯,得到产物(图1结构式2)。
在90℃下,将葡聚糖(图1结构式3)2g溶于氯化锂和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合溶液中(氯化锂含量为50%wt),待葡聚糖完全溶解后,使溶液降低至60℃,加入催化剂三乙胺(0.1g),反应搅拌十五分钟后,加入丁二酸酐(2.08g),在氮气的保护下反应6-24小时,所得产物(图1结构式4)在异丙醇中沉淀析出,过滤,干燥。
在0℃下,将羧基化葡聚糖(图1结构式4)(0.89g)溶于去离子水中,加入1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(0.93g)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(0.56g)反应两个小时,再将BOC酸酐单保护的乙二胺(图1结构式2)(1g)在室温下加入反应6-24小时,得到的产物中加入浓度为2.5%的三氟乙酸脱BOC2小时,再将反应产物(图1结构式5)透析,冻干,低温保存。
实施例3
一种纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料的制备方法:
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于:
步骤a)为:
将二碳酸二叔丁酯(10g、0.0459mol)溶于二氯甲烷(120mL)中,然后逐滴加入溶解于二氯甲烷(120mL)中的己二胺(图1结构式1)(31.96g、0.275mol),在0℃下反应6-24小时,用旋转蒸发仪除去二氯甲烷,然后用100mL饱和食盐水水洗,再用200mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机层,并用无水硫酸镁干燥过夜,抽滤,用旋转蒸发仪除去乙酸乙酯,得到产物(图1结构式2)。
在90℃下,将葡聚糖(图1结构式3)2g溶于氯化锂和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合溶液中(氯化锂含量为50%wt),待葡聚糖完全溶解后,使溶液降低至60℃,加入催化剂三乙胺(0.1g),反应搅拌十五分钟后,加入丁二酸酐(1.04g),在氮气的保护下反应6-24小时,所得产物(图1结构式4)在异丙醇中沉淀析出,过滤,干燥。
在0℃下,将羧基化葡聚糖(图1结构式4)(0.89g)溶于去离子水中,加入1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(0.93g)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(0.56g)反应两个小时,再将BOC酸酐单保护的己二胺(图1结构式2)(1g)在室温下加入反应6-24小时,得到的产物中加入浓度为2.5%的三氟乙酸脱BOC2小时,再将反应产物(图1结构式5)透析,冻干,低温保存。
实施例4
一种纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料的制备方法:
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于:
步骤b)为:
在室温下,将葡聚糖(图2结构式3)2g溶于50mL去离子水中,再逐滴加入溶于5mL去离子水中的高碘酸钠(0.88g),避光反应4个小时,再加入乙二醇(0.13g)室温反应2个小时,所得产物(图2结构式6)透析,冻干,低温保存。
实施例5
一种纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料的制备方法:
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于:
步骤e)为:
将氨基化葡聚糖水溶液(图3结构式5)与醛基化葡聚糖(图3结构式6)混合,加入经丁二酸酐改性的纤维素短纤(纤维含量为2%)及固相合成的抗菌多肽,在人体体温下,交联制备纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料(图3结构式7)。
实施例6
一种纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料的制备方法:
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于:
步骤e)为:
将氨基化葡聚糖水溶液(图3结构式5)与醛基化葡聚糖水溶液(图3结构式6)混合,加入经丁二酸酐改性的纤维素短纤(纤维含量为3%)及固相合成的抗菌多肽,在人体体温下,交联制备纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料(图3结构式7)。
实施例7
一种纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料的制备方法:
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于:
步骤e)为:
将氨基化葡聚糖水溶液(图3结构式5)与醛基化葡聚糖水溶液(图3结构式6)混合,加入经丁二酸酐改性的纤维素短纤(纤维含量为4%)及固相合成的抗菌多肽,在人体体温下,交联制备纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料(图3结构式7)。
实施例8
一种纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料的制备方法:
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于:
步骤e)为:
将氨基化葡聚糖水溶液(图3结构式5)与醛基化葡聚糖水溶液(图3结构式6)混合,加入经丁二酸酐改性的纤维素短纤(纤维含量为5%)及固相合成的抗菌多肽,在人体体温下,交联制备纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料(图3结构式7)。
Claims (10)
1.一种纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料,其特征在于,所述水凝胶由氨基化葡聚糖和醛基化葡聚糖在人体体温下交联获得,其内部分布有改性纤维素短纤及多肽。
2.如权利要求1所述的纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料,其特征在于,所述多肽为含有RGD序列的抗菌多肽。
3.一种权利要求1或2所述的纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1):将葡聚糖与酸酐反应,然后将所得产物与BOC酸酐单保护的二胺小分子反应,经过脱BOC后得到含有多氨基的葡聚糖;
步骤2):将不同分子量的葡聚糖经氧化剂选择性氧化成醛基化葡聚糖;
步骤3):将含有多氨基的葡聚糖、醛基化葡聚糖分别制成水溶液,按比例混合后,加入改性纤维素短纤及固相合成的多肽,在人体体温条件下,制备纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料。
4.如权利要求3所述的纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)中的葡聚糖的重均分子量为5000-50000;酸酐采用丁二酸酐、琥珀酸酐和苯酐中的任意一种或几种;二胺的碳原子数为2-12个。
5.如权利要求3所述的纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)中葡聚糖与酸酐反应所得产物为具有不同取代度的羧基化葡聚糖。
6.如权利要求5所述的纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述羧基化葡聚糖与BOC酸酐单保护的二胺小分子反应的具体步骤为:在0℃下,将羧基化葡聚糖溶于去离子水中,加入1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺反应2小时,再加入BOC酸酐单保护的二胺小分子在室温下反应6-24小时,得到的产物中加入三氟乙酸脱BOC,再将反应产物透析,冻干,低温保存。
7.如权利要求3所述的纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)中的氧化剂为KMnO4、NaIO4或KIO4。
8.如权利要求3所述的纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3)中改性纤维素短纤的制备方法为:60℃条件下,将纤维素与酸酐放入四氢呋喃溶液中,然后加入催化剂反应6-24小时,所得产物水洗、干燥;再将纤维素进行化学亲水修饰,提高纤维素短纤的分散性能;最后,将纤维素切成短纤即可。
9.如权利要求8所述的纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述酸酐为丁二酸酐、琥珀酸酐和苯酐中的任意一种或几种;催化剂为4-二甲氨基吡啶;化学亲水修饰具体为:将纤维素短纤中的羟基转化成羧基或氨基。
10.如权利要求8所述的纤维素增强型葡聚糖基可注射抗菌水凝胶敷料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3)中改性纤维素短纤的加入量为水凝胶敷料重量的1%~5%。
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