CN109142840B - Current measurement method and all-fiber leakage current protector thereof - Google Patents
Current measurement method and all-fiber leakage current protector thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109142840B CN109142840B CN201811092301.6A CN201811092301A CN109142840B CN 109142840 B CN109142840 B CN 109142840B CN 201811092301 A CN201811092301 A CN 201811092301A CN 109142840 B CN109142840 B CN 109142840B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/24—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices
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Abstract
The invention discloses a current measuring method and an all-fiber leakage current protector, which mainly comprise an optical signal generator, a photoelectric detector and a polarization maintaining fiber ring to form an all-fiber residual current action protector.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of residual current operation protectors, in particular to a current measurement method and an all-fiber leakage current protector thereof.
Background
Currently, the more advanced current transformer generally uses all-fiber optical current transformer, abbreviated as FOCT. FOCT uses the faraday magneto-optical effect, i.e. a magnetic field that does not act directly on natural light, but in optically isotropic transparent media an externally applied magnetic field rotates the plane of polarization of plane polarized light propagating in the medium in the direction of the magnetic field, a phenomenon known as the magneto-optical effect or faraday effect. When a beam of linearly polarized light passes through a Faraday optically active material placed in a magnetic field, if the direction of the magnetic field is the same as the propagation direction of the light, the polarization plane of the light will be rotated; the FOCT can determine the magnitude of the current in the conductor passing through its fiber loop from the deflection angle between the incident light and the outgoing light, thereby realizing measurement of the current, triggering of relay action, and the like.
The current application of FOCT does not comprise residual current detection, but the current residual current action protector only has two types of electromagnetic type and electronic type, has poor EMC characteristics, is easily interfered by the field and is inaccurate in detection; when the FOCT is applied to residual current detection, the detection range of the FOCT is limited by the maximum 360-degree polarization angle, so that when the detected current is overlarge, the polarization angle between incident light and emergent light can possibly rotate 360 degrees, and at the moment, the large current can be erroneously detected as small current, so that the turn-off action cannot be triggered, and the electric leakage accident easily occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a current measurement method and an all-fiber leakage current protector thereof, wherein more than two light waves alternately enter a polarization maintaining fiber ring, and a real current value is obtained by calculating the rotation angle difference of two polarized lights.
The invention solves the problems by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method of current measurement comprising the steps of:
passing a current carrying conductor or a current carrying conductor group to be tested through the polarization maintaining fiber ring;
sequentially introducing two polarized lights with the same polarization direction and different wavelengths into the polarization maintaining optical fiber ring to serve as incident lights;
detecting the deflection angles of the polarization plane of the emergent light of the polarization maintaining fiber ring relative to the polarization plane of the incident light, respectivelyAnd->Wherein->Is a natural number, which means that the deflection surface of the outgoing light is additionally rotated by +.>Personal (S)，/>And->Are all greater than->Less than->；
Comparing the two deflection angles to obtain the difference between themAnd take absolute value +.>；
Obtaining the maximum value of the difference between two deflection angles according to two incident lights without additional deflection of the emergent lightsAs deflection limit +.>Then->The range of (2) satisfies->；
JudgingThe falling interval gets +.>Is a value of (2);
according to the formulaWill->Or->Substituted into->Obtain->As instantaneous value of current, wherein->For the number of turns of the polarization-maintaining fiber loop, < >>Is the verdet constant of the polarization maintaining fiber ring.
Further, for two incident lights of a given wavelength,is calculated by the following steps:
changing the current in the current carrying conductor or group of current carrying conductors to causeAnd->One of (2) is from->Start deflection just up to +.>While the other deflection is smaller than +.>Respectively marked as->And->Then。
Furthermore, two incident lights are periodically introduced into the polarization maintaining fiber ring, and the current instantaneous values of each time point are measured in a time interval to form a current amplitude waveform chart.
Further, the light source further comprises a third or more polarized light with the same polarization direction as the first two polarized light and different wavelengths, the polarized light is sequentially incident, and the deflection limit value of any two deflection angles is，/>And->And->In this regard, i and j are positive integers different from each other, and represent the i-th incident polarized light and the j-th incident polarized light.
Further, when at the same current valueOne of the deflection angles is rotated first>While the other deflection angle has not been turned +.>When (I)>Is not satisfied->For turn->Is added with +.>Or do not pass->Deflection angle subtraction +.>After that, recalculate +.>。
An all-fiber leakage current protector for executing the current measurement method comprises a central processing module, an optical signal generator, a photoelectric detector for detecting a polarization angle, a polarization maintaining optical fiber ring for penetrating through a conductor and a coupler, wherein the optical signal generator and the photoelectric detector are connected with the polarization maintaining optical fiber ring through the coupler, and the optical signal generator and the photoelectric detector are respectively connected with the central processing module; the optical signal generator periodically emits more than two polarized lights with the same polarization plane and different wavelengths into the polarization maintaining optical fiber ring.
Further, the optical fiber coupler further comprises a reflector for generating reflected light, wherein the coupler is a standard optical fiber coupler with double branches, the reflector is arranged at the tail part of the polarization maintaining optical fiber ring, and the head part of the polarization maintaining optical fiber ring is connected with the coupler.
Further, the polarization maintaining fiber loop comprises a polarizer and a delay line, wherein the coupler, the polarizer, the delay line and the head of the polarization maintaining fiber loop are sequentially connected.
Further, the optical signal generator comprises a light source controller and a light source, wherein the light source controller is electrically connected with the central processing module, the light source controller is connected with the input end of the light source, and the input end of the coupler is connected with the output end of the light source.
Further, the photoelectric detector comprises a photoelectric conversion module and an analyzer, the central processing module is electrically connected with the photoelectric conversion module, the analyzer is connected with the photoelectric conversion module through an optical fiber, and the analyzer is connected with the coupler.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention relates to a method for measuring residual current and an all-fiber leakage current protector applying the method, wherein the all-fiber leakage current protector mainly comprises an optical signal generator, a photoelectric detector, a polarization maintaining optical fiber ring and a coupler, light waves with different wavelengths are sequentially introduced into the same-size current in a conductor by utilizing the concept of a dual-wavelength spectrophotometry, whether a deflection angle is rotated by 360 degrees or more than 360 degrees is judged by the rotation angle difference of polarized light, and then the current size in the conductor is accurately calculated according to the rotation times of 360 degrees, so that the situation that the current cannot be judged and the turn-off is triggered after the rotation of the polarization angle is possibly 360 degrees is avoided.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall connection relationship of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a connection relationship between module parts according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a fiber ring portion according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall connection relationship of a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of the measuring method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-3, an all-fiber leakage current protector comprises a central processing module, an optical signal generator, a photoelectric detector for detecting a polarization angle, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring 1 for passing through a conductor, a reflector 2 for generating reflected light and a coupler 3, wherein the optical signal generator and the photoelectric detector are connected with the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring 1 through the coupler 3, the coupler 3 is a standard optical fiber coupler with double branches, namely an optical fiber coupler with a 1x2 interface, the reflector is arranged at the tail part of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring 1, the head part of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring 1 is connected with the coupler 3, and the optical signal generator and the photoelectric detector are respectively connected with the central processing module; the optical signal generator periodically emits polarized light of which two or more polarization planes are identical and different in wavelength into the polarization maintaining optical fiber ring 1.
In this embodiment, the reflector 2 is a reflective film, and may be a mirror as long as the effect of reflecting the polarized light in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring 1 is achieved.
The optical signal generator comprises a light source controller and a light source, wherein the light source controller is electrically connected with the central processing module, the light source controller is connected with the input end of the light source, and the input end of the coupler 3 is connected with the output end of the light source. The control of the light source to achieve multiple light wave inputs is a conventional technical means in the art, namely, the control of the emission time and emission wavelength by a circuit, and the implementation of light by a polarizer are generally described herein.
The novel polarization maintaining fiber loop comprises a coupler 3, a polarization maintaining fiber loop 1, a polarizer 4 and a delay line 5, wherein the polarizer 4 is arranged between the coupler 3 and the polarization maintaining fiber loop 1, and the delay line 5 is arranged at the head of the polarization maintaining fiber loop 1, namely the coupler 3, the polarizer 4 and the delay line 5 are sequentially connected.
The photoelectric detector comprises a photoelectric conversion module and an analyzer, the central processing module is electrically connected with the photoelectric conversion module, the analyzer is connected with the photoelectric conversion module through an optical fiber, and the analyzer is connected with the coupler 3.
The calculation formula of the central processing module for the current i in the conductor meets the following conditions:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofFor the deflection angle of the outgoing light of the polarization-maintaining fiber ring 1, < >>For the number of turns of said polarization-maintaining fiber loop 1, -a>For the Verdet constant of the polarization-maintaining fiber ring 1, the Verdet constant +.>The polarization fiber ring (property of substance) and the operating temperature can be controlled in practical use in relation to the property of the substance, the temperature and the frequency (wavelength) of the light, so that the Fisher constant>In fact with respect to the wavelength of the incident light.
In this embodiment, the optical signal generator emits two light waves with different wavelengths into the polarization-preserving fiber ring 1, and the device is usually a dual-light-wave generator or a combined pulse generator, and since the verdet constants of the light waves with different wavelengths in the magneto-optical material (polarization-preserving fiber ring 1) are slightly different, the polarization angles of the outgoing light waves of the two light waves with different wavelengths will be different, so as toIndicating the difference in rotation angle of the two polarized lights. In measurement, the wavelength difference of the two light waves determines +.>There is a range value according to which, after the current and the subsequent light waves are deflected and emitted by the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring 1, theyThe difference of the values exceeds the range value, namely, one of the light waves can be judged to enable the polarization angle to be +.>Greater than 360 degrees, finally the polarization angle is +.>Subtracting 360 degrees or increasing 360 degrees to the polarization angle of the other light wave, and substituting the calculated formula of the current i to obtain the magnitude of the leakage current. Specific current measurement methods are described below.
In practice, the invention can expand the modes of introducing the third wavelength light source, the fourth wavelength light source and the like, does not increase the cost, and performs multi-wavelength combined measurement to increase the detection range and enhance the detection precision.
The conductor passing through the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring 1 is all cables needing to be subjected to electric leakage protection, and can be two-wire L-N, three-wire A-B-C or three-phase four-wire A-B-C-N or a single electrified conductor.
Referring to fig. 4, the difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that the coupler 3 is a 2x2 direct-connection optical fiber coupler, the head and the tail of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring 1 are both connected to the coupler 3, the reflected light of the first embodiment is reflected by the reflector 2 and returns to the coupler 3 along the original path of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring 1, the reflected light of the second embodiment corresponds to the outgoing light from the tail of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring 1, and the outgoing light enters the coupler 3.
Referring to fig. 5, the current measuring method applied to the all-fiber leakage current protector is that the above-mentioned conductor is the same as the current carrying conductor or the current carrying conductor set described below, and is a carrier for carrying the current passing through the polarization maintaining fiber ring 1.
A method of current measurement comprising the steps of:
s1, a current carrying conductor or a current carrying conductor group to be tested passes through a polarization maintaining optical fiber ring 1;
s2, sequentially introducing two polarized lights with the same polarization direction and different wavelengths into the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring 1 to serve as incident lights;
s3, detecting the deflection angles of the polarization plane of the emergent light of the polarization maintaining fiber ring 1 relative to the polarization plane of the incident light, which are respectivelyAnd->Wherein->Is a natural number, which means that the deflection surface of the outgoing light is additionally rotated by +.>Personal->，/>And->Are all greater than->Less than->；
S4, comparing the two deflection angles to obtain a difference value between the two deflection anglesAnd take absolute value +.>；
S5, under the condition that the emergent light does not deflect additionally, calculating the maximum value of the difference value of the two deflection angles according to the two incident lightsAs deflection limit +.>Then->The range of (2) satisfies->；
S6, judgingThe falling interval gets +.>Is a value of (2);
s7, according to the formulaWill->Or->Substituted into->Calculate +.>As instantaneous value of current, wherein->For the number of turns of said polarization-maintaining fiber loop 1, -a>Is the verdet constant of the polarization maintaining fiber loop 1.
For two incident light of a given wavelength,the calculation mode of (a) is as follows:
changing the current in the current carrying conductor or group of current carrying conductors to causeAnd->One of (2) is from->Start deflection just up to +.>While the other deflection is smaller than +.>Respectively marked as->And->Then。
When at the same current valueOne of the deflection angles is rotated first>While the other deflection angle has not been turned +.>When (I)>Is not satisfied->For turn->Is added to the deflection angle of (2)Or do not pass->Deflection angle subtraction +.>After that, recalculate +.>。
The two incident lights are periodically introduced into the polarization maintaining fiber ring 1, and the current instantaneous values of each time point are measured in the time interval to form a current amplitude waveform chart.
Due toAnd->And/or current->Is positively correlated to ∈>Is in abscissa, & lt + & gt>In the graph with ordinate +.>And->Is represented by two straight lines with different slopes, and the included angle between the two straight lines increases with the increase of current.
In practice, the incident light may be two or more kinds of polarized light having the same polarization direction but different wavelengths, and only one kind of polarized light is introduced at a time, so that the polarized light is sequentially incident, and the deflection limit value of any two deflection angles isWherein i, j are positive integers different from each other, < >>Calculation and +.>Similarly, the deflection angle for the ith incident polarized light and the jth incident polarized light +.>And->Thus deflection limit +.>Denoted as->The subsequent calculation is the same as the above-described two-wavelength calculation method.
By increasing a plurality of wavelengths for measurement, the accuracy and measurement range of current measurement can be improved.
The invention is based on the traditional all-fiber current transformer of single light wave, because the large current passing through the polarization maintaining fiber ring 1 can cause 360 degrees of rotation of the polarization plane and error measurement occurs, the polarized light with the second wavelength is led out and the deflection angle of the emergent light is measured, thereby determining whether the previous light wave has 360 degrees of rotation, and finally calculating the current according to a formula.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention should be construed as being limited to the above embodiments as long as the technical effects of the present invention are achieved by the same means.
Claims (7)
1. A current measurement method characterized by comprising the steps of:
passing a current carrying conductor or a current carrying conductor group to be tested through the polarization maintaining optical fiber ring (1);
sequentially introducing two polarized lights with the same polarization direction and different wavelengths into the polarization-preserving optical fiber ring (1) to serve as incident lights;
detecting a deflection angle of a polarization plane of outgoing light of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring (1) relative to a polarization plane of incoming light;
comparing the two deflection angles to obtain a difference value between the two deflection angles;
obtaining an instantaneous value of the current in the current carrying conductor or the current carrying conductor group to be detected according to the difference value;
wherein the deflection angle of the polarization plane of the outgoing light with respect to the polarization plane of the incoming light is expressed asAnd->Wherein->Is a natural number, which means that the deflection surface of the outgoing light is additionally rotated by +.>Personal->，/>And->Are all greater than->Less than->；
The acquisition of the instantaneous value of the current comprises the following steps:
the difference between the two deflection angles is expressed asAnd take absolute value +.>；
Obtaining the maximum value of the difference between two deflection angles according to two incident lights without additional deflection of the emergent lightsAs deflection limit +.>Then->The range of (2) satisfies->；
JudgingThe falling interval gets +.>Is a value of (2);
according to the formulaWill->Or->Substituted into->Obtain->As instantaneous value of current, wherein->For the number of turns of the polarization-maintaining fiber loop (1),/->A verdet constant for the polarization maintaining fiber ring (1), the verdet constant being wavelength dependent;
for two incident light of a given wavelength,is calculated by the following steps:
altering the current carrying conductor or conductorsCurrent flowAnd->One of (2) is from->Start deflecting just toWhile the other deflection is smaller than +.>Respectively marked as->And->Then->。
2. A current measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the light source also comprises more than three polarized lights with the same polarization direction and different wavelengths with the first two incident lights, the polarized lights are sequentially incident, and the deflection limit value of any two deflection angles is，/>And->And->In this regard, i and j are positive integers different from each other, and represent the i-th incident polarized light and the j-th incident polarized light.
3. A current measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: at the same current valueUnder, when one of the deflection angles is rotated by +.>While the other deflection angle has not been turned +.>When (I)>Is not within a range of (1)For turn->Is added with +.>Or do not pass->Deflection angle subtraction +.>After that, recalculate +.>。
4. An all-fiber leakage current protector is characterized in that: -a current measuring method for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the all-fiber leakage current protector comprising a central processing module, an optical signal generator, a photo detector for detecting the polarization angle and a polarization-preserving fiber loop (1) for passing through an electrical conductor, the optical signal generator and photo detector being connected to the polarization-preserving fiber loop (1) by a coupler (3), the optical signal generator and photo detector being connected to the central processing module, respectively; the optical signal generator periodically emits more than two polarized lights with the same polarization plane and different wavelengths into the polarization-preserving optical fiber ring (1).
5. The all-fiber leakage current protector of claim 4, wherein: the optical fiber coupler is characterized by further comprising a reflector (2) and a coupler (3) which are used for generating reflected light, wherein the coupler (3) is a standard optical fiber coupler with double branches, the optical signal generator and the photoelectric detector are connected with the polarization maintaining optical fiber ring (1) through the coupler (3), the reflector is arranged at the tail part of the polarization maintaining optical fiber ring (1), and the head part of the polarization maintaining optical fiber ring (1) is connected with the coupler (3).
6. An all-fiber leakage current protector according to claim 5, wherein: the polarization maintaining fiber loop comprises a coupler (3), a polarizer (4), a delay line (5) and a polarization maintaining fiber loop (1), wherein the coupler is connected with the polarizer (4) and the delay line (5).
7. An all-fiber leakage current protector according to any one of claims 4-6, wherein: the light signal generator comprises a light source controller and a light source, the light source controller is electrically connected with the central processing module, the light source controller is connected with the input end of the light source, and the polarization maintaining optical fiber ring (1) is connected with the output end of the light source; the photoelectric detector comprises a photoelectric conversion module and an analyzer, the central processing module is electrically connected with the photoelectric conversion module, the analyzer is connected with the photoelectric conversion module through an optical fiber, and the analyzer is connected with the polarization maintaining optical fiber ring (1).
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