CN109128487B - Additive manufacturing method of magnetic powder material based on friction stir welding - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing method of magnetic powder material based on friction stir welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN109128487B CN109128487B CN201811155232.9A CN201811155232A CN109128487B CN 109128487 B CN109128487 B CN 109128487B CN 201811155232 A CN201811155232 A CN 201811155232A CN 109128487 B CN109128487 B CN 109128487B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/1215—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
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Abstract
The invention relates to a material increase manufacturing method of a magnetic powder material based on friction stir welding, which comprises the following steps of: (1) placing a magnetic powder material in a fixed container with an opening at the upper end, and placing an upper end cover with a through hole on the fixed container, wherein the upper end cover can move along the upper surface of the fixed container; (2) and a welding stirring head penetrating into the magnetic powder material is placed through the upper end cover, the stirring head is started to move along a set direction for welding, and the upper end cover is driven to synchronously move along with the stirring head, so that the additive manufacturing of the magnetic powder material is realized. Compared with the prior art, the additive manufacturing method combining the magnetic material and the powder form material is realized for the first time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and relates to a friction stir welding-based additive manufacturing method for a magnetic powder material.
Background
The existing magnetic powder material is generally made into products such as plates or rods by adopting a hot-pressing sintering mode and the like, and the magnetic products prepared by the mode are simpler, but the properties of the products in the aspects of strength and the like are lower, so that the magnetic products are difficult to adapt to the application requirements of special fields.
In order to meet the requirements of energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection, the traditional material shearing manufacturing is rapidly developed and transited to the equal-material and additive manufacturing, friction stir welding is one of additive manufacturing methods, meanwhile, as the electric arc does not need to be generated to melt metal, the metal can be connected only by enabling the metal to reach a thermoplastic state, and the advantages of no pollution of arc light, smoke dust and the like are completely better than those of the traditional fusion welding processing.
The traditional friction stir welding is mainly applied to the connection between the same metal and dissimilar metal of non-magnetic materials such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy, titanium alloy, steel and the like, and the material form is only a plate without any other material form, so that the application of the friction stir welding is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a friction stir welding-based additive manufacturing method for a magnetic powder material.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
an additive manufacturing method of magnetic powder materials based on friction stir welding comprises the following steps:
(1) placing a magnetic powder material in a fixed container with an opening at the upper end, and placing an upper end cover with a through hole on the fixed container, wherein the upper end cover can move along the upper surface of the fixed container;
(2) and a welding stirring head penetrating into the magnetic powder material is placed through the upper end cover, the stirring head is started to move along a set direction for welding, and the upper end cover is driven to synchronously move along with the stirring head, so that the additive manufacturing of the magnetic powder material is realized.
Furthermore, the size of the through hole on the upper end cover is matched with the size of the shaft shoulder of the stirring head.
Further, during the welding process, a pressure toward the fixed container is also applied to the upper end cap to prevent the magnetic powder material from overflowing due to the insertion and stirring of the stirring head.
Further, the stirring head is formed by assembling an outer sleeve, a shaft shoulder and a stirring pin, wherein the stirring pin is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the shaft shoulder, and the outer sleeve is sleeved on the shaft shoulder. Preferably, the bottom end of the outer sleeve may be disposed slightly below the bottom end of the shoulder. The outer sleeve functions to prevent powder leakage as the pin is inserted into the powder, to collect the powder in the inner space under the shoulder in the sleeve, and to subsequently backfill the excess powder back into the powder matrix as the welding process progresses by the frictional hold down action of the shoulder. Meanwhile, in the welding process, the sleeve also has the functions of paving front-end powder and forming a tail welding seam.
Further, the diameter D of the shaft shoulder of the stirring heads15-40mm, outer sleeve diameter DoThe range of 30-70mm, the diameter D of the stirring needlepIs not more than 10mm, and the length l of the stirring pin is not more than 10 mm;
in the welding process, the pressing amount D of the stirring head is not more than 0.5mm, the rotating speed omega of the stirring head is 600-3000rpm, and the welding speed v is not more than 20 mm/min. Because the needle shoulder separating type stirring head with the sleeve is adopted, all parts of the stirring head can freely and flexibly move. Therefore, when the welding speed v is equal to 0, the keyhole and keyhole-free friction stir spot welding can be realized along with the withdrawal process of the stirring pin; with whether the shaft shoulder is exposed or not in the welding process of the stirring pin, the traditional friction stir welding and plastic flow friction stir welding can be realized. Based on the zero-activity stirring head, various friction stir welding process processing of powder forming can be realized, so that different process requirements are met, and different material properties are achieved.
Furthermore, the magnetic powder material is alloy powder, ferrite or doped magnetic powder material taking metal and resin powder as matrixes.
Further, the alloy powder is FeSi, FeAl, AlNi (Co), FeCr (Co) or FeCrMoFeAlC or FeCo (V) (W).
Furthermore, the stirring head is made of nickel-based high-temperature alloy, hard alloy or cubic boron nitride.
Compared with the prior art, the invention creatively utilizes the friction stir welding technology to realize the connection of the magnetic material and the powder material, and simultaneously, the properties of the prepared magnetic material product in the aspects of strength and the like are greatly improved compared with the product obtained by conventional hot-pressing sintering, thereby widening the application range of the magnetic material product.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a friction stir welding process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a stirring head of the present invention;
the notation in the figure is:
1-fixed container, 2-upper end cover, 3-stirring head, 31-stirring pin, 32-shaft shoulder, 33-outer sleeve, 4-stirring pin, 5-welding line and 6-magnetic powder material.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1
An additive manufacturing method of a magnetic powder material 6 based on friction stir welding comprises the following steps:
(1) placing a magnetic powder material 6 in a fixed container 1 with an upper end open, and placing an upper end cover 2 with a through hole capable of moving along the upper surface of the fixed container 1;
(2) the welding head 3 for welding which goes deep into the magnetic powder material 6 is placed through the upper end cover 2, the welding head 3 is started to move along a set direction for welding, the upper end cover 2 is driven to move synchronously with the welding head 3, namely additive manufacturing of the magnetic powder material 6 is achieved, the friction stir welding process is shown in figure 1, the welding head 3 drives the upper end cover 2 to move synchronously and weld, meanwhile, a welding seam 5 formed after the magnetic powder material 6 is connected is left behind the welding head 3, and a welding advancing route of the welding head 3 can be designed according to the shape of a magnetic material product.
To reduce the effect of the overflow of magnetic powder material 6, the through hole in the upper end cap 2 is sized to match the shoulder size of the pin 3. Further, a pressure toward the fixing container 1 is also applied to the upper end cap 2 to prevent the magnetic powder material 6 from overflowing by the insertion and stirring of the stirring head 3.
Referring to fig. 2, the mixing head 3 is assembled by an outer sleeve 33, a shaft shoulder 32 and a mixing needle 31, wherein the mixing needle 31 is fixedly installed on the shaft shoulder 32, the bottom of the mixing needle extends out of the bottom end of the shaft shoulder 32, and the outer sleeve 33 is sleeved on the shaft shoulder 32.
In this embodiment, the diameter D of the shoulder 32 of the pin 3s20mm, diameter D of the outer sleeve 33oIn the range of 50mm, the diameter D of the stirring pin 31p5mm, the length l of the stirring pin 31 is 5 mm;
in the welding process, the pressing amount D of the stirring head is 0.5mm, the rotating speed omega of the stirring head is 1200rpm, and the welding speed v is 5 mm/min.
Comparative example 1
The magnetic powder material 6 is also made of iron powder core, and the product is made by conventional hot pressing sintering process.
Comparing the magnetic material product prepared in the example 1 with the magnetic material product prepared in the comparative example 1, it can be seen that compared with the traditional hot-pressing sintering process, the additive manufacturing technology for powder based on the friction stir welding process has obvious technical advantages, 1) firstly, the efficiency is high, the cost is low, the magnetic material product is green and environment-friendly, and no pollution is caused, and the environmental protection requirement is met. 2) Secondly, the product of hot-pressing sintering has low density and loose texture, the relative density can only reach about 90 percent, which directly influences the bonding quality of the interface between the powder particles and inevitably influences the mechanical property of the product, and the product formed by the friction stir welding process enables the powder particles to be tightly and firmly bonded under the actions of hot friction and forging of a shaft shoulder and a stirring pin, the relative density can reach 100 percent, the porosity is almost zero, the fracture strength is improved by 20 percent, the fracture toughness is improved by 40 percent, and the plasticity and the toughness are obviously improved while the strength is improved. Therefore, the processing performance is excellent, the processing such as cutting, drilling, welding, laminating, pattern pressing and the like can be carried out, the product with high dimensional accuracy, thin wall and complex shape can be processed without cracking in use, the product with the insert can be formed, and the miniaturization, light weight, precision and high performance of the electromagnetic equipment are realized. 3) Meanwhile, for a product manufactured by the magnetic powder friction stir welding additive, the magnetic powder friction stir welding additive has the advantages of higher saturation magnetic induction intensity, higher magnetic conductivity, good stability of initial magnetic conductivity along with the change of frequency, good direct current superposition performance and the like. Compared with the additive manufacturing method of 3D printing, firstly, the additive manufacturing method is not applied to the processing and manufacturing of the magnetic powder material, and secondly, the cost and the period are relatively large, so that the advantages of the additive manufacturing method of the magnetic powder material of friction stir welding are further highlighted.
Example 2
Compared to example 1, most of the same is true except for this example:
in the welding process, the pressing amount D of the stirring head is 0.4mm, the rotating speed omega of the stirring head is 600rpm, and the welding speed v is 0 mm/min.
Example 3
Compared to example 1, most of the same is true except for this example:
in the welding process, the pressing amount D of the stirring head is 0.5mm, the rotating speed omega of the stirring head is 3000rpm, and the welding speed v is 20 mm/min.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A material increase manufacturing method of magnetic powder materials based on friction stir welding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) placing a magnetic powder material in a fixed container with an opening at the upper end, and placing an upper end cover with a through hole on the fixed container, wherein the upper end cover can move along the upper surface of the fixed container;
(2) a welding stirring head penetrating into the magnetic powder material is placed through the upper end cover, the stirring head is started to move along a set direction for welding, and the upper end cover is driven to move synchronously along with the stirring head, so that the additive manufacturing of the magnetic powder material is realized;
the stirring head is formed by assembling an outer sleeve, a shaft shoulder and a stirring needle, wherein the stirring needle is arranged at the bottom end of the shaft shoulder, and the outer sleeve is sleeved on the shaft shoulder, so that the stirring head forms a needle shoulder separating structure with the sleeve;
shaft shoulder diameter D of the mixing heads15-40mm, outer sleeve diameter DoThe range of 30-70mm, the diameter D of the stirring needlepIs not more than 10mm, and the length l of the stirring pin is not more than 10 mm;
in the welding process, the pressing amount D of the stirring head is not more than 0.5mm, the rotating speed omega of the stirring head is 600-3000rpm, and the welding speed v is not more than 20 mm/min.
2. The friction stir welding-based additive manufacturing method of magnetic powder material as recited in claim 1, wherein the size of the through hole in the upper end cap matches the size of the shoulder of the stir head.
3. The friction stir welding-based additive manufacturing method of magnetic powder materials according to claim 1, wherein during welding, pressure toward the fixed container is further applied to the upper end cap to prevent the magnetic powder materials from overflowing due to insertion and stirring of the stirring head.
4. The friction stir welding-based additive manufacturing method for the magnetic powder material according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic powder material is alloy powder, ferrite or a doped magnetic powder material taking metal and resin powder as matrixes.
5. The friction stir welding-based additive manufacturing method of magnetic powder materials according to claim 4, wherein the alloy powder is FeSi, FeAl, AlNi (Co), FeCrMoFeAlC or FeCo (V) (W).
6. The friction stir welding-based additive manufacturing method for magnetic powder materials according to claim 1, wherein the material of the stirring head is nickel-based high temperature alloy, hard alloy or cubic boron nitride.
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| CN109590625A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-09 | 福州大学 | A kind of electric arc increases the composite manufacturing method of material forming and mixing yoghurt |
| GB201918892D0 (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-02-05 | Element Six Uk Ltd | Friction stir welding using a PCBN-based tool containing superalloys |
| CN111168059A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Deformation-driven solid-phase metallurgy device and method for preparing metal-matrix composite material by using same |
| CN111777418B (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2022-06-17 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | Superhard composite material stirring head for friction stir welding and preparation method |
| CN114406441B (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-12-29 | 江西理工大学 | Friction stir welding method and device for honeycomb plate |
| CN114717440A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-07-08 | 江苏大学 | Method for preparing ceramic particle reinforced metal matrix composite material by using stirring friction additive technology |
| CN116275380A (en) * | 2023-05-15 | 2023-06-23 | 山东大学 | Arc additive manufacturing device and method |
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| JP2011042840A (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2011-03-03 | Toshiba Corp | Method for producing bolt, and bolt |
| JP2011074425A (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-04-14 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Method for producing composite material, and composite material |
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