CN101537539B - Pin tool for friction stir welding and current carrying friction stir welding method - Google Patents
Pin tool for friction stir welding and current carrying friction stir welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101537539B CN101537539B CN2009101036870A CN200910103687A CN101537539B CN 101537539 B CN101537539 B CN 101537539B CN 2009101036870 A CN2009101036870 A CN 2009101036870A CN 200910103687 A CN200910103687 A CN 200910103687A CN 101537539 B CN101537539 B CN 101537539B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pin tool used for friction stir welding and a current carrying friction stir welding method, wherein the pin tool comprises a pin tool body arranged on a friction welder and a tool pin arranged at the lower part of the pin tool body; the pin tool body is connected with the welder in a clamping way; the pin tool is characterized by being further provided with a forced cooling device, a current carrying device, a gas shielded device, a sensing device, sealing equipment and an insulating device. The invention has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, high stability and excellent quality, breaks the limitation of conventional friction stir welding technology, overcomes the dependency of the pin tool for friction stir welding of the high melting point metal on high-quality materials and complex preparation technique, enriches the quality control methods of friction stir welding of the low melting point light alloy, realizes the effective and reasonable matching of high quality and low cost of friction stir welding and improves the friction stir welding technology, thus broadening the range of engineering application in the fields of solid phase welding and surface engineering.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to welding technology field, particularly a kind of stirring-head of friction stir welding and current-carrying friction stir welding method.
Background technology
1991 Britain's institute of welding (TWI) W.M.Thomas invented the agitating friction welding technology, and obtained license (ZL95192193.2) in China, this novel solder technology that derives from mechanical cold working manufacturing process, connects based on solid phase has obvious superiority, makes it become one of solder technology that is rapidly developed in the recent two decades internal world scope with extensively engineering application.The commercial Application of friction stir welding mainly concentrates on field of aluminum alloys, and along with the continuous expansion of its application, connecting object and material, the agitating friction welding technology has obtained successful expansion in low-melting non-ferrous metal.But the scientific research personnel finds for picture steel alloy, stainless steel, titanium alloy, even the important structural material of industrial circle such as high temperature alloy, and the friction stir welding The Application of Technology is not very good, is only limited to the breadboard Primary Study stage at present.
The difficulty of higher melt metal material agitating friction welding mainly is:
1) heat of agitating friction and plastic deformation input is not enough, superplasticity, replys and crystallization and phase transition process complexity again, is difficult for the good seam organization of formation;
2) working environment of stirring-head is harsh, and the cost of stirring-head is very high, and service life is lower;
3) welding efficiency is low, and Forming Quality is relatively poor.
If increase the downforce and the rotating speed of stirring-head simply in order to increase heat input and welding efficiency, the stirring-head temperature is risen rapidly, the stirring-head elevated temperature strength is reduced, the wearing and tearing of aggravation stirring-head, can cause the mixing needle fracture of stirring-head when serious, welding quality seriously descends, and has influenced the service life of stirring-head; Also make simultaneously the installed capacity of required friction stir welding machine increase, to the requirement raising of clamping tool, the volume of welding equipment increases, and power consumption strengthens, and the advantage of agitating friction is no longer obvious.
The agitating friction welding technology does not become the most attractive manufacturing technology and obtains numerous application achievements in fields such as boats and ships, pipeline, truck, railway, traffic as previous optimistic estimate, Britain's institute of welding is also thought the metal material (as steel etc.) of agitating friction welding higher melt, be the challenge that is faced at present, this be friction stir welding further expand application the problem that must solve.
Simultaneously, even when the agitating friction welding of low-melting non-ferrous metal, also have weld defect, technological requirement is relatively harsher, and the process window of welding is narrower, agitating friction equipment complexity, and the practical application of agitating friction solder technology is limited to.The present important key issue that faces of agitating friction solder technology that Here it is development needs to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
At existing agitating friction technology above shortcomings, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of efficient, low-cost, high stability, stirring-head and a kind of novel friction stir welding method thereof of the agitating friction welding of high-quality, so that break through the limitation of conventional agitating friction solder technology, and to the high material preparation cost of stirring-head, harsh welding condition, pining down for a long time of short service life, solve of the dependence of the stirring-head of refractory metal agitating friction welding to high quality material and complicated technology of preparing, and enrich the quality control method of low melting point light-alloy agitating friction welding, realize the high-quality of agitating friction welding and effective and reasonable coupling cheaply, improve the agitating friction solder technology, thereby in Solid-phase welding field and the new engineering range of application of Surface Engineering field developing.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of stirring-head of friction stir welding, comprise stirring-head body that is arranged on the friction-welding machine and the mixing needle that is positioned at stirring-head body bottom, stirring-head body and welding machine are clamped and connected, its characteristics are, also be provided with forced cooling device, current-carrying device, gas shield device, sensing device, sealing device and seal, described forced cooling device comprises the cavity of a hollow structure that is arranged at the stirring-head body interior, with a water outlet and entry combined type copper pipe, described combined type copper pipe is used for condensate liquid is introduced and the derivation cavity; Described current-carrying device comprises that stirring-head body outer is provided with a conducting ring by the radial friction welding, can electric current be imported stirring-head by carbon brush, to form current-carrying agitating friction welding mode; Described gas shield device is arranged at the place, shaft shoulder side of stirring-head body, is used for forming effective gas shield at welding region, prevents weld seam and heat affected area burning; Described sensing device comprises the thermal resistance type temperature sensor and be arranged at the be clamped and connected axial and radial pressure sensor at position of stirring-head and welding machine of being coupled certainly that is imbedded in the stirring-head shaft shoulder, wherein, be connected with the wireless induction transmitter by stirring-head body top from coupling thermal resistance type temperature sensor, be used to form the passive and wireless resistance formula induction sensing of the shaft shoulder and near temperature thereof, axially be connected with the wireless induction transmitter on stirring-head top, be used to realize the sensing detection of friction stir welding load with the radial pressure sensor; Described seal comprises the insulating element of insulating part and piece-holder thereof, is used to make stirring-head body and welding machine spindle insulating, and the insulation between workpiece and welding machine workbench; Described sealing device is included in the movable sealing member that is provided with between the hollow cavity of stirring-head body and the combined type copper pipe, is used to reach the purpose of sealed condensating liquid medium, and stirring-head can be rotated freely.
Current-carrying device among the present invention, can be following structure: described current-carrying device comprises conducting ring, carbon brush and insulation supporting component, conducting ring material is a red copper, conducting ring and stirring-head body link into an integrated entity by radial friction welding technology, the carbon brush material is for adding 5-15% graphite copper-based material, be shaped to copper base composite carbon brush through powder metallurgy sintered press process, also be provided with the insulation supporting component that is fixed on the friction-welding machine, carbon brush and conducting ring form excellent electric contact, and by be arranged at the insulation supporting component cable be connected with power supply, by carbon brush and conducting ring auxiliary current is introduced stirring-head, weld seam binding site at workpiece is provided with movable conducting block, and link to each other with the another one electrode of power supply, workpiece and conducting block are connected with on every side weld jig insulation, form the current-carrying agitating friction and weld mode.
Forced cooling device among the present invention, can be to comprise following structure: the combined type copper pipe in the described forced cooling device be integrated with interior pipe original position isolation combination, interior pipe is delivery port, it is little to compare its aperture of water inlet, and the water inlet openings of interior pipe is positioned at the top of stirring-head cavity, and the exhalant canal opening of compound copper pipe near the position of mixing needle, is realized the temperature control of stirring-head and weld seam in the bottom of stirring-head cavity.
Gas shield device among the present invention; can be following structure: described gas shield device be provided with nozzle around the shaft shoulder; inside is provided with air sifter; be used to make protective gas to form laminar flow ejection around the stirring-head shaft shoulder; gas shield device is fixed by insulation support plate and insulation supporting component and friction-welding machine; and with the insulation of carbon brush and stirring-head body; the nozzle of gas shield device is a ceramic material; supply with protective gas by the air inlet pipe that is arranged at both sides, protection friction welding district and heat affected area high-temperature metal.
Sensing device among the present invention, can be to comprise following structure: described sensing device comprises temperature sensing device and wireless sensing detection system, wherein temperature sensing device is that the high temperature of passive and wireless is from the sensing measurement system that is coupled, by temperature sensor, emitter and receiver constitutes, temperature sensor is from being coupled the thermal resistance type temperature inductor, be imbedded at the shaft shoulder end of stirring-head deeply, transmitter is positioned at stirring-head body top and is connected with temperature inductor, by being fixed in the recipient acknowledge(ment) signal on the friction-welding machine, and utilize the real-time passive and wireless of the computer realization shaft shoulder and near temperature thereof to detect from the resistance-type temperature sensor that is coupled; Be installed in position that stirring-head and friction-welding machine main shaft be clamped and connected axially and the radial pressure sensor, emitter and receiver constitutes the wireless sensing detection system that realizes friction stir welding axial and radial load or moment.
Sealing device among the present invention mainly comprises the movable sealing member, the movable sealing member is arranged between the hollow cavity and combined type copper pipe of stirring-head body, be the lip-type seal structure, be a kind of movable sealing form with respect to the rotation of combined type copper pipe axle of contact-type, three specific characters simultaneously have insulation, seal and move.
Seal among the present invention, can be following structure: described seal comprise be arranged at the insulating part between stirring-head body and the movable sealing member and be arranged at the stirring-head body and the welding machine clamping between insulating part, and the insulating part between workpiece and the clamping platform, two kinds of insulating parts are used for stirring-head and friction stir welding machine and the spindle insulating thereof with current-carrying, workpiece and conducting block and the insulation of welding job platform are to guarantee the formation in current-carrying friction welding safety and the effective loop of auxiliary current.
Stirring-head among the present invention can be following structure or material: the stirring-head body adopts stainless steel material, and mixing needle is pyramidal structure or cylindrical structural;
At mixing needle surface and shaft shoulder end face, adopt the PVD common deposited MoS2/Ti nano composite membrane of Ti nano modification,
Perhaps, adopt the preparation of vacuum-sintering nitriding method with nano TiN modified Ti (C, N) base metal-ceramic material,
Perhaps, use the class graphite/Cr composite deposite Graphit-iCTM of PVD method common deposited,
Perhaps, use the diamond-like nanocomposite film of PVD method preparation,
The mixing needle and the shaft shoulder are carried out intensive treatment,, increase substantially the service life of stirring-head to strengthen the ability of the resistance to wearing of stirring-head key position, anti-oxidant, high temperature resistance.
The present invention also provides a kind of and above-mentioned stirring-head corresponding current-carrying friction stir welding method; its characteristics are; used stirring-head with said structure form; current-carrying stirring friction composition welding method based on interior living resistance heat; detailed process is: the mixing needle of stirring-head closely contacts rotation with workpiece and slowly is pressed into; when producing agitating friction heat; under the current-carrying condition; auxiliary current flows out from stirring-head; auxiliary current is maximum in the welding stirring region heat that has a resistance at first because of contact resistance when the welding region; this resistance heat and agitating friction heat are compound; impel the welded piece temperature to raise fast; when the weld seam mother metal softens flow; mixing needle rotates the insertion workpiece rapidly; after the mixing needle rotation is inserted into the desired degree of depth of welding work pieces; stirring-head integral body begins to travel forward; conducting block also moves with stirring-head simultaneously; keep constant with the relative distance of stirring-head; temperature control system at stirring-head; under the acting in conjunction of gas protection system and parameter detecting monitoring system; the mother metal that makes the separation of workpiece both sides is because of friction stir; flow flows; reply and crystallization again; extrusion modling and connecting as one; form good solid phase weld seam; finish current-carrying agitating friction composite welding process, realize efficient; low-cost; the high-quality friction stir welding joint.
Above-mentioned current-carrying friction stir welding method also has following characteristics:
The auxiliary current of current-carrying friction stir welding is the interior resistance heat of giving birth to for the conventional DC electric current produces;
Perhaps, the auxiliary current of current-carrying friction stir welding is an industrial-frequency alternating current miscarriage Sheng Neisheng resistance heat;
Perhaps, the auxiliary current of current-carrying friction stir welding is a pulse direct current miscarriage Sheng Neisheng resistance heat, comprises the adjusting and the variation of pulse frequency, dutycycle, burst length ginseng, pulse amplitude parameter;
Perhaps, the auxiliary current of current-carrying friction stir welding comprises the adjusting and the variation of pulse frequency, dutycycle, burst length ginseng, pulse amplitude parameter for Variable Polarity pulse direct current miscarriage Sheng Neisheng resistance heat;
Current-carrying friction stir welding protective gas is an inert gas: comprise argon gas, helium monobasic gas, and the binary gas that mixes mutually;
Perhaps, current-carrying friction stir welding protective gas is an active gases: comprise nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen monobasic gas, and binary of mixing with inert gas or multicomponent gas;
The conducting block of current-carrying friction stir welding is installed in the workpiece back of weld, with the welding travel direction is benchmark, conducting block is in the front with the mixing needle relative position, realize the welding of preheating mode current-carrying agitating friction, perhaps conducting block is in the back with the relative position of mixing needle, realizes the welding of heat treatment mode current-carrying agitating friction; Perhaps conducting block be in mixing needle under, realize conventional current-carrying agitating friction welding;
Perhaps, the conducting block of current-carrying friction stir welding is installed in workpiece weld seam side, with the welding travel direction is benchmark, conducting block is in the front with the mixing needle relative position, realize the welding of preheating mode current-carrying agitating friction, perhaps conducting block is in the back with the relative position of mixing needle, realizes the welding of heat treatment mode current-carrying agitating friction;
Be used for the agitating friction welding of black and non-ferrous metal and alloy material thereof, comprise: carbon steel, steel alloy, high temperature alloy, stainless steel, copper and alloy thereof, aluminium and alloy thereof, magnesium and alloy thereof, titanium and alloy thereof;
Be used for conventional agitating friction welding: comprise friction stir spot welding, the agitating friction plug welding;
Be used for the welding of current-carrying agitating friction: comprise the current-carrying friction stir spot welding, the plug welding of current-carrying agitating friction;
The multiple welding point form that is used for spot welding, butt joint, overlap joint, corner connection, full position;
Be used for surface modification treatment, the individual layer surface heap that comprises homogenous material applies the modification processing, or the deposited modification processing of multiple-level surface heap, the surperficial heap of the individual layer of multiple material applies the modification processing, multiple-level surface is piled deposited modification processing, or the multiple-level surface of functionally gradient material (FGM) heap applies the modification processing;
Be used for violent plastic deformation and prepare ultra-fine grain or nanocrystal, comprise the ultra-fine grain or the nanocrystal preparation of high melting point metal materials and low melting point metal material.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
This stirring-head of employing provided by the invention, based on the current-carrying stirring friction composition welding method of interior living resistance heat, can solve adopt conventional agitating friction be welded in stirring area or at the interface heat production not enough with is connected difficult problem, the good high-melting-point friction stir welding joint of acquisition structure property.In the refractory metal stir friction welding process, to the frictional interface conducting with auxiliary current, give birth to resistance heat at the interface in forming because contact resistance is big in stirring area friction or flow, with frictional heat association and while heated coupling, can use the stirring-head of common material to carry out the agitating friction welding of refractory metal like this, the service life that simultaneously can obviously improve stirring-head, greatly reduce welding cost, raise the efficiency, do not need to increase a cover welding system (as the compound agitating friction solder technology of laser, electric arc combined agitating friction solder technology is such), the welding equipment structure does not have big change, satisfy the requirement that joint is in Solid-phase welding, strengthened joint performance.
The present invention has opened up the novel agitating friction solder technology in Solid-phase welding engineering field, expensive and low-quality two the conflicting restrictions of refractory metal agitating friction welding have been broken through, realized that the welding of refractory metal and low-melting-point metal agitating friction is efficient, high-quality, effective coordination cheaply is with rationally unified, reduced the stirring-head material has been used and processing and preparing, the harsh requirement of stirring friction-welding technique, the use limitation that current-carrying friction compound welding technology has successfully overcome common stirring-head and agitating friction connection technology is improved in employing, thereby in sustainable development, satisfying the advanced agitating friction technical matters of recycling economy demand and the exploitation and the actual aspect that utilizes of equipment contributes.
The present invention has not only expanded the engineering range of application that the current-carrying agitating friction is learned, and in the realization breakthrough of refractory metal agitating friction solder technology field, simultaneously, make in the nanometer in Surface Engineering field and to obtain actual application and embodiment in the new technology, can the ultra-fine crystalline substance of the compound preparation of original position or nanocrystalline; In the manufacturing and the utilization of mechanical transmissioning piece and mechanism, plant equipment, the critical component reparation, the preparation of advanced material, the resource circulation utilization, and field such as green circulation manufacturing and equipment, Surface Engineering has wide application value and development prospect.The present invention realizes efficiently, the comprehensive easily stir friction welding process of control of low cost, high-quality, high stability, many applicabilities, multimode.
In a word, the present invention is by providing the stirring-head of novel friction stir welding, and the use by this stirring-head, advanced method based on the current-carrying agitating friction composite welding of interior living resistance heat is provided, utilize the comprehensive function of current-carrying agitating friction, eliminate a series of difficult problems that adopt conventional agitating friction solder technology, overcome the difficult problem of refractory metal agitating friction welding, and the harsh technical requirements of low-melting-point metal agitating friction welding, improved the quality of welding point, prolonged the service life of stirring-head, realized low cost, efficiently, the agitating friction welding of high-quality refractory metal and low melting point light-alloy, and in the manufacturing of Surface Engineering field developing nanometer, the ultra-fine brilliant new range of application of making has been expanded the engineering application of current-carrying tribology.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the stirring-head of friction stir welding of the present invention and the schematic diagram of current-carrying friction stir welding method;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the lip type movable sealing of stirring-head of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the forward spring position and the sealing property schematic diagram of the lip type movable sealing of stirring-head of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the sealing characteristics curve map of the lip type movable sealing of stirring-head of the present invention.
Among the figure, 1. stirring-head body; 2. stirring-head cavity; 3. combined type copper pipe; 4. conducting ring; 5. carbon brush; 6. the shaft shoulder; 7. gas shield device; 8. temperature sensor; 9. temperature wireless inductive transmitter; 10. pressure sensor; 11. insulating part; 12. movable sealing member; 13. interior pipe; 14. water inlet; 15. pressure wireless inductive transmitter; 16. clamping; 17. mixing needle; 18. insulation supporting component; 19. cable; 20. power supply; 21. screw thread current groove; 22. nozzle; 23. air sifter; 24. air inlet pipe; 25. workpiece; 26. conducting block; 27. insulating part.
The specific embodiment
The present invention mainly comprises a kind of stirring-head and current-carrying friction stir welding method of friction stir welding, and the application in current-carrying tribology engineering, Surface Engineering and nanometer manufacturing engineering technology.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing.
One. a kind of stirring-head of friction stir welding
Stirring-head of the present invention is a kind of stirring-head that integrates the intelligentized agitating friction welding of integrated form of multinomial critical functions such as temperature detection and control, parameter detecting, gas shield.
As shown in Figure 1: the stirring-head of friction stir welding; comprise stirring-head body 1 that is arranged on the friction-welding machine and the mixing needle 17 that is positioned at stirring-head body 1 bottom; stirring-head body 1 is clamped and connected with welding machine; also comprise forced cooling device; the current-carrying device, gas shield device, sensing device; sealing device and seal are a kind of with the temperature of the inner forced circulation liquid medium cooling of gas shield device and the stirring-head of pressure sensitive integrated form current-carrying friction stir welding.Stirring-head body 1 inside is the cavity 2 of a hollow structure, the cavity 2 of stirring-head body 1 introduced condensate liquid and derive by water outlet and entry combined type copper pipe 3, condensate liquid is circulated at stirring-head internal cavities body, reach the purpose of control stirring-head temperature; Stirring-head body 1 outer imports stirring-head body 1 by carbon brush 5 with electric current by conducting ring 4 of radial friction welding, forms current-carrying agitating friction welding mode; The place, the shaft shoulder 6 sides of stirring-head body 1 is provided with gas shield device 7, forms effective gas shield at welding region, prevents weld seam and heat affected area burning; Heeling-in thermal resistance type temperature sensor 8 in the stirring-head shaft shoulder 6 is connected with wireless induction transmitter 9 by stirring-head body 1 top, forms the passive and wireless resistance formula induction sensing that stirs shoulder and near temperature thereof; Be provided with axially at stirring-head and welding machine clamping 16 connecting portions and be connected with the wireless induction transmitter 15 on stirring-head top with radial pressure sensor 10, realize the sensing detection of friction stir welding load, insulating part 11 makes stirring-head and welding machine spindle insulating; Stirring-head cavity 2 tops and and combined type copper pipe 3 between be provided with movable sealing member 12, reach the purpose of sealed condensating liquid medium, and stirring-head body 1 can be rotated freely.
Combined type copper pipe 3 in the stirring-head forced cooling device is integrated with interior pipe 13 original positions isolation combination, interior pipe 13 is a delivery port, water inlet 14 its apertures of comparing combined type copper pipe 3 are little, and the water inlet openings of interior pipe 13 is positioned at the top of stirring-head cavity 2, and the exhalant canal opening of compound copper pipe 3 is in the bottom of stirring-head cavity 2, position near mixing needle 17, make the liquid condensation medium can reach and be full of the bottom of stirring-head like this, the heat in the maximum heat production of stirring-head district is taken away, reduce the wearing and tearing of mixing needle 17, improve the service life of stirring-head, and can control welding temperature, make weld seam form rational temperature and distribute, improve joint quality.
Stirring-head current-carrying device is by conducting ring 4, carbon brush 5 and insulation supporting component 18 constitute, conducting ring 4 materials are red copper, by radial friction welding technology, conducting ring 4 and stirring-head body 1 are linked into an integrated entity, the carbon brush material is for adding 5-15% graphite copper-based material, be shaped to copper base composite carbon brush 5 through powder metallurgy sintered press process, insulation supporting component 18 is fixed on the friction-welding machine, and form with conducting ring 4 and well to contact, by cable 19 by power supply 20 energizes, finally auxiliary current is introduced stirring-head, be provided with movable conducting block 26 at the weld seam binding site of workpiece 25, and link to each other with the another one electrode of power supply 20 by carbon brush 5 and conducting ring 4, workpiece 25 and conducting block 26 and the insulation of weld jig on every side form current-carrying agitating friction welding mode.
The gas shield device 7 of stirring-head is around the shaft shoulder; be nozzle 22 planforms; inside is provided with air sifter 23; make protective gas form laminar flow ejection around the stirring-head shaft shoulder; gas shield device 7 is fixed with friction-welding machine by insulation support plate 21 and insulation supporting component 18; and with 1 insulation of carbon brush 5 and stirring-head body; the nozzle 22 of gas shield device 7 is a ceramic material; supply with protective gas by both sides air inlet pipe 24; make friction welding district and heat affected area high-temperature metal obtain good protection; anti-oxidation produces, and reduces weldquality, realizes the high-quality friction stir welding.
The temperature sensing device of stirring-head is the high temp sensitive measuring system of passive and wireless, by temperature sensor 8, transmitter 9 and recipient constitute, temperature sensor 8 is thermal resistance type temperature inductors, be imbedded at the shaft shoulder end of stirring-head deeply, transmitter 9 is positioned at stirring-head body top and is connected with temperature inductor, and by being fixed in the recipient acknowledge(ment) signal on the friction-welding machine, the real-time passive and wireless resistance formula temperature sensor that utilizes computer realization to stir shoulder and near temperature thereof detects; And be installed in position that stirring-head and friction-welding machine main shaft be clamped and connected axially and radial pressure sensor 10, transmitter 15 and recipient constitute realizes that friction stir welding axially and the wireless sensing detection system of radial load or moment, insulating part 11 and insulating part 27 are with stirring-head and the friction stir welding machine and the spindle insulating thereof of current-carrying, workpiece 25 and conducting block 26 and weld jig insulation guarantee the formation in current-carrying friction welding safety and the effective loop of auxiliary current.
As Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 4, the sealing device of stirring-head mainly comprises movable sealing member 12, movable sealing member 12 is the lip-type seal structure, it is a kind of movable sealing form of contact-type with respect to 3 rotations of combined type copper pipe, three specific characters simultaneously have insulation, seal and move, guaranteed seal lubrication at stirring-head cavity 2 liquid condensed media, and the sealing between cavity 2 and the combined type copper pipe 3, and stirring-head body 1 can be rotatablely moved and be not affected, realize temperature control stirring-head body 1.Figure 3 shows that the forward spring position and the sealing property schematic diagram of the movable sealing of lip type; Figure 4 shows that the sealing characteristics curve map of lip type movable sealing.
The matrix adopting stainless steel material of stirring-head, mixing needle 17 is pyramidal structure or cylindrical structural;
At mixing needle surface and shaft shoulder end face, adopt the PVD common deposited MoS2/Ti nano composite membrane of Ti nano modification,
Perhaps, adopt the preparation of vacuum-sintering nitriding method with nano TiN modified Ti (C, N) base metal-ceramic material,
Perhaps, use the class graphite/Cr composite deposite Graphit-iCTM of PVD method common deposited,
Perhaps, use the diamond-like nanocomposite film of PVD method preparation,
The mixing needle 17 and the shaft shoulder 6 are carried out intensive treatment,, increase substantially the service life of stirring-head to strengthen the ability of the resistance to wearing of stirring-head key position, anti-oxidant, high temperature resistance.
The stirring-head of friction stir welding of the present invention, the purposes in following field:
Be used for the welding of refractory metal and alloy thereof, carbon steel, steel alloy, titanium alloy, stainless steel, high-temperature alloy steel;
Be used for the welding of low-melting-point metal and alloy thereof: aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, copper and alloy thereof;
Be used for conventional agitating friction welding: comprise friction stir spot welding, the agitating friction plug welding;
Be used for the welding of current-carrying agitating friction: comprise the current-carrying friction stir spot welding, the plug welding of current-carrying agitating friction;
Be used for violent plastic deformation and prepare ultra-fine grain or nanocrystal.
Two. a kind of current-carrying friction stir welding method
Friction stir welding method of the present invention is a kind of current-carrying agitating friction composite welding new method based on interior living resistance heat, adopts stirring-head of the present invention to realize the current-carrying agitating friction welding of refractory metal and low melting point light-alloy.Its detailed process is as follows:
As shown in Figure 1; the mixing needle 17 of stirring-head closely contacts rotation with workpiece 25 and slowly is pressed into; when producing agitating friction heat; under the current-carrying condition; auxiliary current flows out from stirring-head; auxiliary current is maximum in the welding stirring region heat that has a resistance at first because of contact resistance when the welding region; this resistance heat and agitating friction heat are compound; impel welded piece 25 temperature to raise fast; when the weld seam mother metal softens flow; mixing needle 17 rotation rapidly inserts workpiece 25; after mixing needle 17 rotations are inserted into the welding work pieces 25 desired degree of depth; stirring-head integral body begins to travel forward; conducting block 26 also moves with stirring-head simultaneously; keep constant with the relative distance of stirring-head; temperature control system at stirring-head; under the acting in conjunction of gas protection system and parameter detecting monitoring system; the mother metal that makes the separation of workpiece 25 both sides is because of friction stir; flow flows; reply and crystallization again; extrusion modling and connecting as one; form good solid phase weld seam; finish current-carrying agitating friction composite welding process, realize efficient; low-cost; the high-quality friction stir welding joint.
Friction stir welding method of the present invention, the auxiliary current of current-carrying friction stir welding be the interior resistance heat of giving birth to for the conventional DC electric current produces;
Perhaps, the auxiliary current of current-carrying friction stir welding is an industrial-frequency alternating current miscarriage Sheng Neisheng resistance heat;
Perhaps, the auxiliary current of current-carrying friction stir welding is a pulse direct current miscarriage Sheng Neisheng resistance heat, comprises the adjusting and the variation of pulse frequency, dutycycle, burst length ginseng, pulse amplitude parameter;
Perhaps, the auxiliary current of current-carrying friction stir welding comprises the adjusting and the variation of pulse frequency, dutycycle, burst length ginseng, pulse amplitude parameter for Variable Polarity pulse direct current miscarriage Sheng Neisheng resistance heat.
Friction stir welding method of the present invention, load current is provided by the conventional DC electric arc welding power supply, or common AC arc welding power supply provides, or the conventional, electric-resistance source of welding current provides, or digital inversion electric arc welding power supply provides, or digital inversion resistance welded power supply provides.
Friction stir welding method of the present invention, current-carrying friction stir welding protective gas is an inert gas: comprise argon gas, helium monobasic gas, and the binary gas that mixes mutually;
Perhaps, current-carrying friction stir welding protective gas is an active gases: comprise nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen monobasic gas, and binary of mixing with inert gas or multicomponent gas;
Friction stir welding method of the present invention, the conducting block 26 of current-carrying friction stir welding is installed in workpiece 25 backs of weld, with the welding travel direction is benchmark, conducting block 26 is in the front with mixing needle 17 relative positions, realize the welding of preheating mode current-carrying agitating friction, perhaps conducting block 26 is in the back with the relative position of mixing needle 17, realizes the welding of heat treatment mode current-carrying agitating friction; Perhaps conducting block 26 be in mixing needle 17 under, realize conventional current-carrying agitating friction welding;
Perhaps, the conducting block 26 of current-carrying friction stir welding is installed in workpiece 25 weld seam sides, with the welding travel direction is benchmark, conducting block 26 is in the front with mixing needle 17 relative positions, realize the welding of preheating mode current-carrying agitating friction, perhaps conducting block 26 is in the back with mixing needle 17 relative positions, realizes the welding of heat treatment mode current-carrying agitating friction.
Friction stir welding method of the present invention, purposes in the following areas:
Be used for the agitating friction welding of black and non-ferrous metal and alloy material thereof, comprise: carbon steel, steel alloy, high temperature alloy, stainless steel, copper and alloy thereof, aluminium and alloy thereof, magnesium and alloy thereof, titanium and alloy thereof;
The multiple welding point form that is used for spot welding, butt joint, overlap joint, corner connection, full position;
Be used for surface modification treatment, the individual layer surface heap that comprises homogenous material applies the modification processing, or the deposited modification processing of multiple-level surface heap, the surperficial heap of the individual layer of multiple material applies the modification processing, multiple-level surface is piled deposited modification processing, or the multiple-level surface of functionally gradient material (FGM) heap applies the modification processing;
Be used for violent plastic deformation and prepare ultra-fine grain or nanocrystal, comprise the ultra-fine grain or the nanocrystal preparation of high melting point metal materials and low melting point metal material.
Brief description basic principle of the present invention once and characteristics:
Employing based on the basic principle of the agitating friction composite welding new method of interior living resistance heat is: in stir friction welding process, by stirring-head to the frictional interface conducting during with auxiliary current (can be forms such as direct current, interchange or pulse), (1) at first, softening weld metal makes it be easy to flow, form softening flow flow channel, help initial welding processes such as stirring-head is pressed into; (2) secondly, in the agitating friction district or the flow interface because agitating friction cause local inhomogeneities, utilization is at stirring area or interface or onion ring get an electric shock indirectly maximum principle of resistance and life resistance heat formation in, also import weld seam simultaneously with the hot association of agitating friction, can use the stirring-head of common material to carry out the welding of refractory metal agitating friction like this; (3) simultaneously,, impel the softening quick formation with the flow flow regime of weld metal, greatly reduced the stirring-head cost service life that can obviously improve stirring-head, improved welding efficiency because under the effect of auxiliary current density; (4) last, because give birth to the input of resistance heat in auxiliary, widened stirring friction-welding technique interval and scope, under identical device power and installed capacity, help more slab light metal agitating friction welding, improve the light metal weld defect.
Employing has following advantage based on the agitating friction composite welding new method of interior living resistance heat: (1) is to low-melting-point metal agitating friction interface conducting auxiliary current, in forming, interface or stirring area give birth to resistance heat, with the compound acting in conjunction of frictional heat, improve quality of weld seam molding, expand the stirring friction-welding technique window, increase slab friction stir welding adaptability; (2) in the refractory metal stir friction welding process, can solve adopt conventional agitating friction be welded on the weld zone or at the interface heat production not enough be connected difficult problem, reduction is to the requirement of stirring-head material and manufacturing process, reduce the stirring-head cost, improve stirring-head service life, realize that high-quality connects cheaply; (3) import auxiliary current from stirring-head, do not need to increase the complicated welding system (as laser) of a cover, welding equipment is simple in structure, do not have big change; Interior resistance heat and frictional heat of giving birth to produces simultaneously and imports, and satisfies the requirement that joint still is in Solid-phase welding, obtains the high-quality joint of zero defect, the weak faying face of nothing, kept agitating friction solder technology advantage.The present invention couple and agitating friction expand in fields such as China's Aero-Space, national defence, military affairs use significant.
Three. specific embodiment:
Following embodiment implements according to stirring-head provided by the invention and friction stir welding method, but and does not mean that it is limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1: adopt this stirring-head; the thick Q235 carbon steel of current-carrying agitating friction welding 1.6mm; welding condition is as follows: adopt digital electric arc welding power supply that auxiliary current is provided; auxiliary current is 150-500A; stirring-head revolution 200-1500rmp; speed of welding 0.1-1.2m/min, argon shield 10-30L/min.
Example 2: adopt this stirring-head; 304 thick stainless steels of current-carrying agitating friction welding 2.8mm; welding condition is as follows: adopt digital inversion midfrequent AC electric resistance welding to connect power supply auxiliary current is provided; auxiliary current power is 20VA-5KVA; frequency is 120-800Hz; stirring-head revolution 300-1200rmp, speed of welding 0.1-0.8m/min, nitrogen protection 18-30L/min.
Example 3: adopt this stirring-head; the thick TC4 titanium alloy of current-carrying agitating friction welding 3.2mm; welding condition is as follows: adopt digital inversion high-frequency ac electric resistance welding to connect power supply auxiliary current is provided; auxiliary current power is 300VA-1KVA; frequency is 1200-2000Hz; stirring-head revolution 250-2000rmp, speed of welding 0.1-1.0m/min, argon shield 15-30L/min.
Example 4: adopt this stirring-head; the thick aluminium alloy of current-carrying agitating friction welding 5mm; welding condition is as follows: adopt digital inversion impulsive arc welding powder supply that auxiliary current is provided; auxiliary current is 300-800A; frequency is 20-100Hz; stirring-head revolution 300-1000rmp, speed of welding 0.3-1.6m/min, the helium mix gas shield 20-30L/min of argon gas+10%.
Example 5: adopt this stirring-head, the thick magnesium alloy of agitating friction welding 3mm, welding condition is as follows: stirring-head revolution 300-1000rmp, speed of welding 0.1-0.8m/min, argon shield 20-30L/min.
Example 6: adopt this stirring-head; the thick high temperature alloy of current-carrying agitating friction welding 2mm; welding condition is as follows: adopt digital inversion high-frequency ac electric resistance welding to connect power supply auxiliary current is provided; auxiliary current power is 500VA-5KVA; frequency is 1500-2000Hz; stirring-head revolution 300-3000rmp, speed of welding 0.1-0.8m/min, argon shield 15-30L/min.
Example 7: adopt this stirring-head; the current-carrying agitating friction prepares ultra-fine crystalline substance and nanocrystal on the thick red copper of 3mm; the technological parameter of current-carrying agitating friction is as follows: adopt the digital type pulse electric arc welding power supply that auxiliary current is provided; auxiliary current is 200-600A; frequency is 20-120Hz; stirring-head revolution 300-3000rmp, speed 0.1-1.6m/min, nitrogen protection 20-30L/min.
Example 8: this stirring-head that uses class graphite/Cr composite deposite Graphit-iCTM modification mixing needle; the thick two phase stainless steel of current-carrying agitating friction welding 2.0mm; welding condition is as follows: adopt digital electric arc welding power supply that auxiliary current is provided; auxiliary current is 200-600A; stirring-head revolution 300-1000rmp; speed of welding 0.1-0.6m/min, nitrogen protection 10-30L/min.
Claims (10)
1. the stirring-head of a friction stir welding, comprise the stirring-head body (1) that is arranged on the friction-welding machine and be positioned at the mixing needle (17) of stirring-head body (1) bottom, stirring-head body (1) is connected with welding machine clamping (16), it is characterized in that, also be provided with forced cooling device, the current-carrying device, gas shield device, sensing device, sealing device and seal, described forced cooling device comprises the cavity (2) that is arranged at an inner hollow structure of stirring-head body (1), with a water outlet and entry combined type copper pipe (3), described combined type copper pipe (3) is used for condensate liquid is introduced and derivation cavity (2); Described current-carrying device comprises the conducting ring (4) that stirring-head body (1) outer is provided with, and can electric current be imported stirring-head body (1) by carbon brush (5), to form current-carrying agitating friction welding mode; Described gas shield device (7) is arranged at the place, the shaft shoulder (6) side of stirring-head body (1), is used for forming effective gas shield at welding region, prevents weld seam and heat affected area burning; Described sensing device comprises the axial and radial pressure sensor (10) that is imbedded at the thermal resistance type of the coupling certainly temperature sensor (8) in the stirring-head shaft shoulder (6) and is arranged at stirring-head body (1) and welding machine clamping (16) connecting portion, wherein, be connected with wireless induction transmitter (9) by stirring-head body (1) top from coupling thermal resistance type temperature sensor (8), be used to form the passive and wireless resistance formula induction sensing of the shaft shoulder (6) and near temperature thereof, axially be connected with the wireless induction transmitter (15) on stirring-head top, be used to realize the sensing detection of friction stir welding load with radial pressure sensor (10); Described seal comprises the insulating element of first insulating part (11) and workpiece grip mechanism thereof, is used to make stirring-head body (1) and welding machine spindle insulating, and the insulation between workpiece and welding machine workbench; Described sealing device is included in the movable sealing member (12) that is provided with between the hollow cavity (2) of stirring-head body (1) and the combined type copper pipe (3), is used to reach the purpose of sealed condensating liquid medium, and stirring-head body (1) can be rotated freely.
2. the stirring-head of friction stir welding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described current-carrying device comprises conducting ring (4), carbon brush (5) and insulation supporting component (18), conducting ring (4) material is a red copper, conducting ring (4) links into an integrated entity by radial friction welding technology with stirring-head body (1), the carbon brush material is for adding the copper-based material of 5-15% graphite, be shaped to copper base composite carbon brush (5) through powder metallurgy sintered press process, also be provided with the insulation supporting component (18) that is fixed on the friction-welding machine, carbon brush (5) forms excellent electric contact with conducting ring (4), and by be arranged at the insulation supporting component (18) cable (19) be connected with power supply (20), by carbon brush (5) and conducting ring (4) auxiliary current is introduced stirring-head, weld seam binding site at workpiece (25) is provided with movable conducting block (26), and link to each other with the another one electrode of power supply (20), workpiece (25) and conducting block (26) are connected with on every side weld jig insulation, form the current-carrying agitating friction and weld mode.
3. the stirring-head of friction stir welding according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the combined type copper pipe (3) in the described forced cooling device is integrated with interior pipe (13) original position isolation combination, interior pipe (13) is a delivery port, it is little to compare its aperture of water inlet (14), and the water inlet openings of interior pipe (13) is positioned at the top of stirring-head body (1) cavity (2), and the exhalant canal opening of compound copper pipe (3) is in the bottom of stirring-head body (1) cavity (2), near the position of mixing needle (17), realize the temperature control of stirring-head body (1) and weld seam.
4. the stirring-head of friction stir welding according to claim 1 and 2; it is characterized in that: described gas shield device (7) is provided with nozzle (22) around the shaft shoulder (6); inside is provided with air sifter (23); being used to make protective gas to form laminar flow sprays all around at the stirring-head shaft shoulder (6); gas shield device (7) is fixed with friction-welding machine by insulation support plate (21) and insulation supporting component (18); and with the insulation of carbon brush (5) and stirring-head body (1) body; the nozzle (22) of gas shield device (7) is a ceramic material; supply with protective gas by the air inlet pipe (24) that is arranged at both sides, protection friction welding district and heat affected area high-temperature metal.
5. the stirring-head of friction stir welding according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described sensing device comprises temperature sensing device and wireless sensing detection system, wherein temperature sensing device is that the high temperature of passive and wireless is from the sensing measurement system that is coupled, by temperature sensor (8), transmitter (9) and recipient constitute, temperature sensor (8) is from being coupled the thermal resistance type temperature inductor, be imbedded at the shaft shoulder (6) end of stirring-head deeply, transmitter (9) is positioned at stirring-head body (1) top and is connected with temperature inductor (8), by being fixed in the recipient acknowledge(ment) signal on the friction-welding machine, and utilize the real-time passive and wireless of the computer realization shaft shoulder (6) and near temperature thereof to detect from the resistance-type temperature sensor that is coupled; Be installed in position that stirring-head body (1) and friction-welding machine main shaft be clamped and connected axially and radial pressure sensor (10), transmitter (15) and recipient constitute the wireless sensing detection system of realization friction stir welding axial and radial load or moment.
6. the stirring-head of friction stir welding according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described sealing device mainly comprises movable sealing member (12), movable sealing member (12) is arranged between the hollow cavity (2) and combined type copper pipe (3) of stirring-head body (1), be the lip-type seal structure, be a kind of movable sealing form with respect to the rotation of combined type copper pipe (3) axle of contact-type, three specific characters simultaneously have insulation, seal and move.
7. the stirring-head of friction stir welding according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described seal comprise be arranged at second insulating part (27) between stirring-head body (1) and the movable sealing member (12) and be arranged at stirring-head body (1) and welding machine clamping (16) between first insulating part (11), and the 3rd insulating part between workpiece and the clamping platform, first insulating part (11) and second insulating part (27) are used for the stirring-head body (1) and friction stir welding machine and spindle insulating thereof with current-carrying, workpiece (25) and conducting block (26) and the insulation of welding job platform are to guarantee the formation in current-carrying friction welding safety and the effective loop of auxiliary current.
8. the stirring-head of friction stir welding according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: stirring-head adopts stainless steel material, and mixing needle (17) is pyramidal structure or cylindrical structural;
At mixing needle surface and shaft shoulder end face, adopt the MoS of Ti nano modification
2/ Ti nano composite membrane,
Perhaps, adopt with nano TiN modified Ti (C, N) base metal-ceramic material,
Perhaps, use class graphite/Cr composite deposite Graphit-iCTM,
Perhaps, use the diamond-like nanocomposite film,
The mixing needle (17) and the shaft shoulder (6) are carried out intensive treatment,, increase substantially the service life of stirring-head to strengthen the ability of the resistance to wearing of stirring-head key position, anti-oxidant, high temperature resistance.
9. current-carrying friction stir welding method; it is characterized in that; use each described stirring-head of aforesaid right claim 1-8; current-carrying stirring friction composition welding method based on interior living resistance heat; detailed process is: the mixing needle of stirring-head (17) closely contacts rotation with workpiece (25) and slowly is pressed into; when producing agitating friction heat; under the current-carrying condition; auxiliary current flows out from stirring-head; auxiliary current is maximum in the welding stirring region heat that has a resistance at first because of contact resistance when the welding region; this resistance heat and agitating friction heat are compound; impel welded piece (25) temperature to raise fast; when the weld seam mother metal softens flow; mixing needle rotates the insertion workpiece rapidly; after mixing needle (17) rotation is inserted into the desired degree of depth of welding work pieces (25); stirring-head integral body begins to travel forward; conducting block (26) also moves with stirring-head simultaneously; keep constant with the relative distance of stirring-head; temperature control system at stirring-head; under the acting in conjunction of gas protection system and parameter detecting monitoring system; the mother metal that makes the separation of workpiece (25) both sides is because of friction stir; flow flows; reply and crystallization again; extrusion modling and connecting as one; form good solid phase weld seam; finish current-carrying agitating friction composite welding process, realize efficient; low-cost; the high-quality friction stir welding joint.
10. a kind of current-carrying friction stir welding method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that:
The auxiliary current of giving birth to resistance heat in the generation of current-carrying friction stir welding is the conventional DC electric current;
Perhaps, the auxiliary current of living resistance heat is the industrial frequency AC electric current in the generation of current-carrying friction stir welding;
Perhaps, the auxiliary current of giving birth to resistance heat in the generation of current-carrying friction stir welding is the pulse direct current electric current, comprises the adjusting and the variation of pulse frequency, dutycycle, burst length parameter, pulse amplitude parameter;
Perhaps, the auxiliary current of giving birth to resistance heat in the generation of current-carrying friction stir welding is a Variable Polarity pulse direct current electric current, comprises the adjusting and the variation of pulse frequency, dutycycle, burst length parameter, pulse amplitude parameter;
Current-carrying friction stir welding protective gas is an inert gas: comprise argon gas, helium monobasic gas, and the binary gas that mixes mutually;
Perhaps, current-carrying friction stir welding protective gas is an active gases: comprise nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen monobasic gas, and binary of mixing with inert gas or multicomponent gas;
The conducting block of current-carrying friction stir welding (26) is installed in workpiece (25) back of weld, with the welding travel direction is benchmark, conducting block (26) is in the front with mixing needle (17) relative position, realize the welding of preheating mode current-carrying agitating friction, perhaps conducting block (26) is in the back with mixing needle (17) relative position, realizes the welding of heat treatment mode current-carrying agitating friction; Perhaps conducting block (26) is under the mixing needle (17), realizes conventional current-carrying agitating friction welding;
Perhaps, the conducting block of current-carrying friction stir welding (26) is installed in workpiece (25) weld seam side, with the welding travel direction is benchmark, conducting block (26) is in the front with mixing needle (17) relative position, realize the welding of preheating mode current-carrying agitating friction, perhaps conducting block (26) is in the back with mixing needle (17) relative position, realizes the welding of heat treatment mode current-carrying agitating friction;
Be used for the agitating friction welding of black and non-ferrous metal and alloy material thereof, comprise: carbon steel, steel alloy, high temperature alloy, stainless steel, copper and alloy thereof, aluminium and alloy thereof, magnesium and alloy thereof, titanium and alloy thereof;
Or be used for conventional agitating friction welding: comprise friction stir spot welding, the agitating friction plug welding;
Or be used for the welding of current-carrying agitating friction: comprise the current-carrying friction stir spot welding, the plug welding of current-carrying agitating friction;
Or be used for the multiple welding point form of spot welding, butt joint, overlap joint, corner connection, full position;
Or be used for surface modification treatment, the individual layer surface heap that comprises homogenous material applies the modification processing, or the deposited modification processing of multiple-level surface heap, the surperficial heap of the individual layer of multiple material applies the modification processing, multiple-level surface is piled deposited modification processing, or the multiple-level surface of functionally gradient material (FGM) heap applies the modification processing;
Or be used for violent plastic deformation and prepare ultra-fine grain or nanocrystal, comprise the ultra-fine grain or the nanocrystal preparation of high melting point metal materials and low melting point metal material.
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| CN2009101036870A CN101537539B (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2009-04-24 | Pin tool for friction stir welding and current carrying friction stir welding method |
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