CN108555434B - Friction stir welding device applied to numerical control machine tool - Google Patents

Friction stir welding device applied to numerical control machine tool Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108555434B
CN108555434B CN201810561208.9A CN201810561208A CN108555434B CN 108555434 B CN108555434 B CN 108555434B CN 201810561208 A CN201810561208 A CN 201810561208A CN 108555434 B CN108555434 B CN 108555434B
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welding
module
clamping
numerical control
annular
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CN108555434A (en
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赵宏伟
刘思含
徐博文
王赵鑫
梁天唯
秦峰
王吉如
孙一帆
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Jilin University
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Jilin University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus

Abstract

The invention relates to a friction stir welding device applied to a numerical control machine tool, and belongs to the technical field of metal welding. The positioning module is arranged on the clamping module and plays a role in positioning and clamping together with the clamping module; the welding working module is arranged on a main shaft of the numerical control machine tool to realize rotation and linear motion, and the driving module drives the clamping module to move; the direct current loading module is positioned on the welding work module, the magnetic field loading module is arranged in the welding work module and the clamping module, and finally the welding of the weldment is realized. The advantages are that: novel structure, simple, the commonality is strong, and the reaction is rapid. Thin plates with different sizes and thicknesses can be welded; the welding seam with different shapes can be welded by matching with a numerical control machine tool, and the condition that the welding direction and the horizontal plane always form an inclination angle of 2 degrees in the welding process is met, so that the sufficient fluidity of the welding seam material is met. The short-distance large current loading and the magnetic field loading can be realized, so that the weld joint performance is more excellent.

Description

Friction stir welding device applied to numerical control machine tool
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal welding, in particular to a friction stir welding device applied to a numerical control machine tool. The invention can weld thin plates with different sizes and thicknesses; the welding machine is matched with a numerical control machine tool, welding seams with different shapes can be welded, and the condition that the welding direction and the horizontal plane form an inclination angle of 2 degrees all the time in the welding process is met, so that the sufficient fluidity of the welding seam material is met; the invention can realize short-distance large current loading and magnetic field loading, so that the weld joint performance is more excellent.
Background
Since the 1991 British welding research invents an advanced solid phase connection technology-friction stir welding aiming at aluminum alloy development, the friction stir welding has the characteristics of high efficiency, small energy consumption, small deformation, no pollution and the like compared with the traditional welding, and is widely focused. However, because some high-melting-point materials have higher strength and hardness, the performance requirement on the stirring head is higher, and meanwhile, the problems of residual stress, hole defects and poor weldability of the welding joint still exist.
In the friction stir welding process, the heat required for heating the metal is mainly derived from friction between the shaft shoulder of the stirring head and the upper surface of the weldment, the temperature required for plastic deformation of the high-melting-point metal is difficult to achieve by a single heating method, and the requirement on a machine tool is relatively high. Therefore, an auxiliary physical field is introduced in friction stir welding of metal materials, particularly high-melting-point materials, so that the welding seam forming is facilitated, the friction loss of the welding tool can be reduced, and the service life of the welding tool is prolonged.
In the existing friction stir welding device, the small friction stir welding device has the defect that only a welding piece with a single shape or a specified shape can be welded, and the existing small friction stir welding device is difficult to meet the requirement of welding different shapes while welding a welding line with excellent performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a friction stir welding device applied to a numerical control machine tool, which solves the problems existing in the prior art. The invention can weld thin plates with different sizes and thicknesses; the welding seam with different shapes can be welded by matching with a numerical control milling machine, and the inclination angle of the welding direction and the horizontal plane of 2 degrees in the welding process is satisfied, so that the sufficient fluidity of the welding seam material is satisfied; the device can realize short-distance heavy current loading and magnetic field loading, so that the weld joint performance is more excellent. The invention has novel and simple structure, strong universality and quick response, can save time and cost and realize batch production. And can develop rich material performance tests.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the friction stir welding device applied to the numerical control machine tool comprises a welding work module, a clamping module, a positioning module, a driving module, a direct current loading module and a magnetic field loading module. The device is characterized in that: the positioning module is arranged on the clamping module and plays a role in positioning and clamping together with the clamping module; the welding work module is arranged on the numerical control machine tool, the main shaft of the numerical control machine tool drives the welding work module to realize rotation and linear motion, and meanwhile, the driving module drives the clamping module to realize rotation motion of the vacuum clamp welding table 19 with an inclination angle of 2 degrees all the time, so that the welding work module and the driving module ensure sufficient fluidity of welding seams in any shapes; the direct current loading module is positioned on the welding work module, the magnetic field loading module is arranged in the welding work module and the clamping module, and finally the welding of the weldment is realized.
The welding work module is: the shaft shoulder body 34 is provided with an annular heat dissipation groove 35, and the annular clamping block 29 is positioned through the minimum inner diameter of the shaft shoulder body and is fixed through a threaded hole; the annular clamping blocks 29 are matched with the convex clamping blocks 27 of the stirring pin body to form stirring bodies with different stirring pin heights so as to weld weldments with the thickness of 2mm-5 mm; the rotation direction of the stirring body is consistent with the protruding direction of the annular clamping block 29; locking the internal structure of the stirring body by a locking bolt 25; the upper part of the insulator 28 is fixed on the milling machine through a screw, the lower end is matched with the annular cooling body 33 through threads, the external threads of the connecting body 31 are matched and connected with the internal threads of the insulator 28, and the connecting body 31 is connected with the shaft shoulder 34 through the bearing II 30.
The clamping module is as follows: the vacuum clamp welding table 19 is connected with the vacuum clamp fixing table 18 through a pin 9, and consists of an airflow guide groove 21 and airflow holes I, II 15 and 20, and air enters and exits a cavity formed between the vacuum clamp welding table 19 and the vacuum clamp fixing table 18 through the airflow holes I, II 15 and 20; the vacuum clamp fixing table 18 positions the vacuum clamp welding table 19 through the lateral slideway 16, and the vacuum clamp welding table 19 is tightly connected with the vacuum clamp fixing table 18 through screws.
The driving module is as follows: the servo motor 3 drives the clamping module to rotate through the speed reduction and torque increase of the worm gears I, II 7 and 24 and the worm gears I, II 5 and 23, wherein the servo motor 3 is connected with the motor flange 4 and is fixed on the rotary supporting table 10 through bolts. The worm wheel I7 and the worm II 23 are connected to the same shaft 6, and the shaft 6 is positioned in a bearing hole 11 of the rotary supporting table 10 through a bearing I8; the rotary supporting table 10 is provided with a lubrication groove 13, an annular guide rail 14 and a positioning groove 12, an annular sliding seat 22 is connected with the vacuum clamp fixing table 18 through screws, and the annular sliding seat 22 drives the clamping module to rotate along the annular guide rail; the rotary supporting table 10 is provided with a 2-degree inclination angle, and the vacuum clamp welding table 19 which rotates along with the welding process always forms a 2-degree inclination angle with the horizontal plane, so that the mobility of the welding seam material is fully ensured, and the performance of the welding seam is enhanced.
The positioning module is a positioning block 2 which is locked on a vacuum clamp welding table 19 in cooperation with a screw, and a porous structure on the positioning module is used for welding weldments with different sizes.
The direct current loading module comprises a direct current electrode hole 1 and a conductive pressing block 32, wherein the direct current electrode is arranged in the direct current electrode hole 1 to apply current to the device, the conductive pressing block 32 is connected with the annular cooling body 33 through threaded fit, and the compression degree of the conductive pressing block 32 is adjusted by changing the screw tightening degree; the annular cooling body 33 cools the insulator 28, the connecting body 31 and the conductive compact 32 to prevent failure thereof. The conductive compacts 32 reduce the distance of the current applied to the weldment so that the current density between the weld seams is enhanced.
The magnetic field loading module comprises an annular permanent magnet 37 fixed on the stirring pin body 36 and a rectangular permanent magnet fixed in the vacuum clamp fixing table groove 17, and an elastic magnetic blocking plate 26 arranged on the shaft shoulder body 34 prevents the influence of a magnetic field on the numerical control milling machine and ensures the normal operation of the numerical control milling machine.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: novel structure, simple, the commonality is strong, and the reaction is rapid, can save time and expense, realizes batch production. Thin plates with different sizes and thicknesses can be welded; the welding seam with different shapes can be welded by matching with a numerical control milling machine, and the inclination angle of the welding direction and the horizontal plane of 2 degrees in the welding process is satisfied, so that the sufficient fluidity of the welding seam material is satisfied. The short-distance heavy current loading and the magnetic field loading can be realized, so that the weld joint performance is more excellent. The practicability is strong.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate and explain the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the external structure of the rotary support table according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the external appearance of the vacuum clamp fixing table according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the appearance structure of a vacuum jig welding table according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a partial connection structure of a driving module according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the appearance of the stirring body according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the external structure of the stirring pin body of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the appearance of a conductive block according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a welding work module of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a DC electrode hole; 2. a positioning block; 3. a servo motor; 4. a motor flange; 5. a worm I; 6. a worm wheel shaft; 7. a worm wheel I; 8. a bearing I; 9. a pin; 10. a rotary support table; 11. a bearing hole; 12. a positioning groove; 13. a lubrication groove; 14. an annular guide rail; 15. an air flow hole I; 16. a slideway; 17. a vacuum clamp fixing table groove; 18. a vacuum clamp fixing table; 19. a vacuum jig welding station; 20. an air flow hole II; 21. an air flow guide groove; 22. an annular slide; 23. a worm II; 24. a worm wheel II; 25. a locking bolt; 26. an elastic magnetic shield; 27. the stirring pin body protrudes the clamping block; 28. an insulator; 29. an annular clamping block; 30. a bearing II; 31. a connecting body; 32. a conductive compact; 33. an annular cooling body; 34. a shoulder body; 35. a heat sink; 36. a stirring pin body; 37. an annular permanent magnet.
Detailed Description
The details of the present invention and its specific embodiments are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 9, the electromagnetic auxiliary friction stir device applied to a numerically-controlled machine tool of the present invention includes a welding work module, a clamping module, a positioning module, a driving module, a direct current loading module and a magnetic field loading module, and the device is characterized in that: the positioning module is arranged on the clamping module and plays a role in positioning and clamping together with the clamping module; the welding work module is arranged on the numerical control machine tool, the main shaft of the numerical control machine tool drives the welding work module to realize rotation and linear motion, and meanwhile, the driving module drives the clamping module to realize rotation motion of the vacuum clamp welding table 19 with an inclination angle of 2 degrees all the time, so that the welding work module and the driving module ensure sufficient fluidity of welding seams in any shapes; the direct current loading module is positioned on the welding work module, the magnetic field loading module is arranged in the welding work module and the clamping module, and finally the welding of the weldment is realized.
The welding work module comprises a stirring pin body 36, a shaft shoulder body 34, an insulator 28, an annular cooling body 33, a connecting body 31 and an annular clamping block 29, wherein the shaft shoulder body 34 is provided with an annular heat dissipation groove 35 for timely dissipating excessive heat brought to the shaft shoulder body by an annular permanent magnet 37 and preventing the shaft shoulder body 34 from losing efficacy. The annular clamping block 29 is positioned through the minimum inner diameter of the shaft shoulder body and is fixed through the threaded hole; the annular clamping blocks 29 are matched with the convex clamping blocks 27 of the stirring pin body to form stirring bodies with different stirring pin heights so as to weld weldments with the thickness of 2mm-5 mm; the rotation direction of the stirring body is consistent with the protruding direction of the annular clamping block 29; locking the internal structure of the stirring body by a locking bolt 25; and simultaneously, the insulating material is wrapped on the top of the shaft shoulder body and clamped by a milling machine fixture to work. The upper part of the insulator 28 is fixed on the milling machine through a screw, the lower end of the insulator is matched with an annular cooling body 33 through threads, and the annular cooling body 33 is used for cooling the direct current loading module. The external thread of the connecting body 31 is connected with the internal thread of the insulator 28 in a matching way, and the connecting body 31 is connected with the shaft shoulder 34 through the bearing II 30.
The clamping module comprises a vacuum clamp welding table 19, a vacuum clamp fixing table 18 and a high-temperature sealing strip, wherein the vacuum clamp welding table 19 is connected with the vacuum clamp fixing table 18 through a pin 9, the vacuum clamp welding table consists of an airflow guide groove 21 and airflow holes I, II 15 and 20, and air enters and exits a cavity formed between the vacuum clamp welding table 19 and the vacuum clamp fixing table 18 through the airflow holes I, II 15 and 20; the vacuum jig welding table 19 increases the contact area of the welding member with the table while ensuring sufficient flow of gas to increase the clamping force of the jig body to the welding member. The vacuum jig fixing table 18 positions the vacuum jig welding table 19 through the lateral slide 16 while being replaced in time when the vacuum jig welding table 19 fails. The vacuum jig welding table 19 is tightly connected with the vacuum jig fixing table 18 by screws to prevent gas leakage.
The driving module comprises a servo motor 3, worm gears I, II 7, 24, worms I, II 5 and 23, a rotary supporting table 10, a motor flange 4 and an annular sliding seat 22, wherein the servo motor 3 drives the clamping module to rotate through speed reduction and torque increase of the worm gears I, II 7, 24 and the worms I, II 5 and 23, and the servo motor 3 is connected with the motor flange 4 and is fixed on the rotary supporting table 10 through bolts. The worm wheel I7 and the worm II 23 are connected to the same shaft 6, and the shaft 6 is positioned in a bearing hole 11 of the rotary supporting table 10 through a bearing I8; the rotary supporting table 10 is provided with a lubrication groove 13, an annular guide rail 14 and a positioning groove 12, an annular sliding seat 22 is connected with the vacuum clamp fixing table 18 through screws, and the annular sliding seat 22 drives the clamping module to rotate along the annular guide rail; the rotary supporting table 10 is provided with a 2-degree inclination angle, and the vacuum clamp welding table 19 which rotates along with the welding process always forms a 2-degree inclination angle with the horizontal plane, so that the mobility of the welding seam material is fully ensured, and the performance of the welding seam is enhanced.
The positioning module is a positioning block 2 which is locked on a vacuum clamp welding table 19 in cooperation with a screw, and a porous structure on the positioning module is used for welding weldments with different sizes.
The direct current loading module comprises a direct current electrode hole 1 and a conductive pressing block 32, wherein the direct current electrode is arranged in the direct current electrode hole 1 to apply current to the device, the conductive pressing block 32 is connected with the annular cooling body 33 through threaded fit, and the compression degree of the conductive pressing block 32 is adjusted by changing the screw tightening degree; the annular cooling body 33 cools the insulator 28, the connecting body 31 and the conductive compact 32 to prevent failure thereof. The conductive compacts 32 reduce the distance of the current applied to the weldment so that the current density between the weld seams is enhanced.
The magnetic field loading module comprises an annular permanent magnet 37 fixed on the stirring pin body 36 and a rectangular permanent magnet fixed in the vacuum clamp fixing table groove 17, and an elastic magnetic blocking plate 26 arranged on the shaft shoulder body 34 prevents the influence of a magnetic field on the numerical control milling machine and ensures the normal operation of the numerical control milling machine.
Referring to fig. 1 to 9, a test piece is placed on a vacuum jig welding table 19, and the position of the welding piece is adjusted by adjusting the fixing position of the bolts of the positioning block 2; the uncovered air flow guide groove 21 is then sealed by a sealing strip, and the space between the vacuum jig welding table 19 and the vacuum jig fixing table 18 is vacuumized through the air flow hole i, so as to achieve the purpose of pre-clamping the welding member. The two pairs of worm wheels I, II 7, 24 and worms I, II 5 and 23 are driven by a servo motor 3 to reduce speed and increase torque, so that the rotary supporting table 10 with an inclination angle of 2 degrees is driven to do rotary motion, and meanwhile, the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis motions of a welding work module arranged on a main shaft of a numerical control machine tool are combined, so that welding of welding seams of different shapes while the sufficient fluidity of welding seam materials is ensured.
The above description is only a preferred example of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. Be applied to friction stir welding device of digit control machine tool, its characterized in that: including welding work module, clamping module, positioning module, drive module, direct current loading module and magnetic field loading module, its characterized in that: the positioning module is arranged on the clamping module and plays a role in positioning and clamping together with the clamping module; the welding working module is arranged on the numerical control machine tool, the main shaft of the numerical control machine tool drives the welding working module to realize rotation and linear motion, and meanwhile, the driving module drives the clamping module to realize rotation motion of the vacuum clamp welding table (19) with an inclination angle of 2 degrees all the time, so that the welding working module and the driving module ensure sufficient fluidity of the welding seam under any shape; the direct current loading module is positioned on the welding work module, the magnetic field loading module is arranged in the welding work module and the clamping module, and finally, the welding of a weldment is realized; the welding work module is: the shaft shoulder body (34) is provided with an annular heat dissipation groove (35), and the annular clamping block (29) is positioned through the minimum inner diameter of the shaft shoulder body and is fixed through a threaded hole; the annular clamping blocks (29) are matched with the raised clamping blocks (27) of the stirring pin body to form stirring bodies with different stirring pin heights so as to weld weldments with the thickness of 2mm-5 mm; the rotation direction of the stirring body is consistent with the protruding direction of the annular clamping block (29); locking the internal structure of the stirring body through a locking bolt (25); the upper part of the insulator (28) is fixed on the milling machine through a screw, the lower end of the insulator is matched with the annular cooling body (33) through threads, the external threads of the connecting body (31) are matched and connected with the internal threads of the insulator (28), and the connecting body (31) is connected with the shaft shoulder body (34) through a bearing II (30);
the clamping module is as follows: the vacuum clamp welding table (19) is connected with the vacuum clamp fixing table (18) through a pin (9), and consists of an airflow guide groove (21) and airflow holes I and II (15 and 20), and air enters and exits a cavity formed between the vacuum clamp welding table (19) and the vacuum clamp fixing table (18) through the airflow holes I and II (15 and 20); the vacuum clamp fixing table (18) is used for positioning the vacuum clamp welding table (19) through a lateral slideway (16), and the vacuum clamp welding table (19) is tightly connected with the vacuum clamp fixing table (18) through screws;
the positioning module is a positioning block (2) which is locked on a vacuum clamp welding table (19) in cooperation with a screw, and a porous structure on the positioning block (2) is used for welding weldments with different sizes.
2. The friction stir welding device applied to a numerical control machine tool according to claim 1, wherein: the driving module is as follows: the servo motor (3) drives the clamping module to rotate through worm wheels I, II (7, 24) and worms I, II (5, 23) in a speed-reducing and torque-increasing manner, wherein the servo motor (3) is connected with a motor flange (4) and is fixed on a rotary supporting table (10) through bolts; the rotary supporting table (10) is provided with a lubrication groove (13), an annular guide rail (14) and a positioning groove (12), the annular sliding seat (22) is connected with the vacuum clamp fixing table (18) through screws, and the annular sliding seat (22) drives the clamping module to rotate along the annular guide rail; the rotary supporting table (10) is provided with a 2-degree inclination angle, and the vacuum clamp welding table (19) which rotates along with the welding process always forms a 2-degree inclination angle with the horizontal plane, so that the mobility of welding seam materials is fully ensured, and the performance of welding seams is enhanced.
3. The friction stir welding device applied to a numerical control machine tool according to claim 1, wherein: the direct current loading module comprises a direct current electrode hole (1) and a conductive pressing block (32), wherein the direct current electrode is arranged in the direct current electrode hole (1) positioned on the annular cooling body (33) to apply current to the device, the conductive pressing block (32) is connected with the annular cooling body (33) through threaded fit, and the compression degree of the conductive pressing block (32) is adjusted by changing the screw tightening degree; the annular cooling body (33) is an insulator (28), a connecting body (31) and a conductive pressing block (32) for cooling; the conductive compacts (32) reduce the distance of the current applied to the weldment, resulting in an increased current density between the welds.
4. The friction stir welding device applied to a numerical control machine tool according to claim 1, wherein: the magnetic field loading module comprises an annular permanent magnet (37) fixed on the stirring needle body (36) and a rectangular permanent magnet fixed in a groove (17) of the vacuum clamp fixing table, and an elastic magnetic blocking plate (26) arranged on the shaft shoulder body (34) prevents the influence of a magnetic field on the numerical control milling machine and ensures the normal operation of the numerical control milling machine.
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CN113263255B (en) * 2021-06-16 2022-03-15 天津大学 Friction stir welding electromagnetic force increasing device with internal force balancing mechanism and method
CN113953646B (en) * 2021-11-18 2023-02-03 江苏科技大学 Magnetic field adjustable block rotating magnetic field auxiliary static shaft shoulder stirring friction device
CN113953647B (en) * 2021-11-18 2023-06-16 江苏科技大学 Magnetization type friction stir processing device and welding method thereof

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CN101537538A (en) * 2009-04-24 2009-09-23 重庆大学 Integrated pin tool for friction stir welding and composite method of resistance-friction stir welding thereof
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