CN112091409A - Self-holding type middle shaft shoulder static stirring friction welding head and welding method - Google Patents
Self-holding type middle shaft shoulder static stirring friction welding head and welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112091409A CN112091409A CN202010988536.4A CN202010988536A CN112091409A CN 112091409 A CN112091409 A CN 112091409A CN 202010988536 A CN202010988536 A CN 202010988536A CN 112091409 A CN112091409 A CN 112091409A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/126—Workpiece support, i.e. backing or clamping
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Abstract
The invention relates to a self-supporting middle shaft shoulder static friction stir welding head and a welding method, which solve the problem that a box type structure to be welded assembled by hollow sectional materials needs double-sided friction stir welding. The invention has simple and reliable structure, convenient assembly and disassembly, adjustable shaft shoulder distance, and good manufacturability and universality, and can adapt to the welding of different hollow sections. In the welding process, the upper shaft shoulder and the lower shaft shoulder rotate, the first middle shaft shoulder and the second middle shaft shoulder do not rotate, welding heat input is obviously reduced, and the mechanical property of a welding seam is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a self-supporting middle shaft shoulder static friction stir welding head and a welding method.
Background
The friction stir welding is a novel solid phase welding technology, can avoid the defects of air holes, hot cracks, slag inclusion and the like generated in the welding process, and can also avoid the burning loss of alloy elements, so the friction stir welding has wide application prospect in the field of welding of nonferrous metals such as aluminum, magnesium and the like. In the process of friction stir welding, the stirring head rotates and is inserted into a workpiece to be welded, and the stirring head is kept in contact with the workpiece to be welded under certain pressure, so that higher downward pressure is exerted on the workpiece to be welded in the welding process. Therefore, in friction stir welding, a support needs to be placed on the back of the workpiece to be welded. At present, the rail train manufacturing industry has a large amount of aluminum alloy hollow section bar welding demands. When box type structure of treating of friction stir welding cavity section bar matched stack, it is very big to lay the back support degree of difficulty, even can lay the support, the processing of frock is also more difficult, and getting of support is also wasted time and energy, and is with high costs. Meanwhile, when the support rigidity is insufficient, the welding seam has defects of grooves, tunnels, holes and the like. In order to solve the problems, the connection of the hollow sections is mainly completed by respectively welding the upper side seam and the lower side seam of a box-type structure to be welded which is formed by butt-joint assembly of the aluminum alloy hollow sections by a double-shaft-shoulder friction stir welding method in industrial production at present. However, the production cycle is long due to two times of welding, the production efficiency is seriously influenced, and the further application of the friction stir welding technology in the field of hollow section welding is limited.
In order to weld the upper and lower seams of a box-shaped structure to be welded assembled by hollow profiles at the same time, patent (201520196724.8) proposes a combined double-shaft-shoulder friction stir welding head, which is formed by sequentially connecting an upper shaft shoulder, a first stirring pin, a bearing type upper shaft shoulder, a bearing type lower shaft shoulder, a second stirring pin and a lower shaft shoulder by threads. This design suffers from several problems:
(1) by using two stirring pins, the welding head is complex to install and difficult to realize higher coaxiality, so that the load fluctuation in the welding process is severe, and the stirring pins are easy to break. (2) The welding head has poor universality, and hollow sections with different inner cavity heights can be welded only by replacing the bearing type upper shaft shoulder and the bearing type lower shaft shoulder. (3) The upper shaft shoulder, the bearing type lower shaft shoulder and the lower shaft shoulder rotate simultaneously in the welding process, the power of a motor is required to be large, the welding torque is large, the stirring pin is easy to break, and the service life is short; and the welding heat input is high, so that the weld metal crystal grains are coarsened, the precipitate is dissolved, and the mechanical property of the joint is reduced. (4) The stirring pin is screwed into the threaded hole of the shaft shoulder through the threads at the end part to realize fixation, and after the stirring pin is broken by the fixing mode, the broken part can be clamped in the threaded hole and cannot be taken out, so that the shaft shoulder is scrapped, and the use cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a self-supporting middle shaft shoulder static stirring friction welding head suitable for welding a hollow section and a welding method; the distance between the upper shaft shoulder and the first middle shaft shoulder and the distance between the second middle shaft shoulder and the lower shaft shoulder can be conveniently adjusted according to different hollow sections, and the hollow section has good manufacturability and universality; the first middle shaft shoulder and the second middle shaft shoulder do not rotate in the welding process, the heat input and the welding torque are lower, and the welding device is particularly suitable for welding long and straight butt joints of hollow sections of high-iron aluminum alloy vehicle bodies.
The invention provides a self-holding type middle shaft shoulder static friction stir welding head which is provided with an upper shaft shoulder, an upper key, a stirring pin, a middle shaft shoulder, a thrust bearing, a limiting nut, a lower shaft shoulder, a lower key and a flange nut, wherein the stirring pin is a step shaft and is divided into an upper section, a middle section and a lower section, the diameter of the upper section of the stirring pin is the same as that of the lower section, the diameter of the middle section of the stirring pin is larger than that of the upper section and the diameter of the lower section of the stirring pin, the middle shaft shoulder is divided into a first middle shaft shoulder and a second middle shaft shoulder, the thrust bearing is divided into an upper thrust bearing and a lower thrust bearing, the limiting nut is divided into an upper limiting nut and a lower limiting nut, the upper section of the stirring pin is sequentially matched with the upper shaft shoulder, the first middle shaft shoulder and the upper thrust bearing, the middle section of the stirring pin is tapped with a first fine thread and is respectively matched with the upper limiting nut and the lower, The shaft shoulder and the cooperation of lower part shaft shoulder in the middle part of the second, the bottom surface contact flange nut's of lower part shaft shoulder up end, flange nut passes through the thin tooth screw thread of second of stirring needle hypomere and the stirring needle cooperation, and the upper segment and the hypomere of stirring needle are equipped with keyway and lower keyway respectively, and the top of upper portion shaft shoulder is equipped with host keyway, and the bottom of lower part shaft shoulder is equipped with next keyway, goes up the keyway and is equipped with the key of higher authority in the keyway, is equipped with down the key in keyway and the next keyway down.
Preferably, the lower extreme of first middle part shaft shoulder is equipped with first counter bore along the axis, goes up thrust bearing and is equipped with thrust bearing loose ring and last thrust bearing tight ring, and the internal diameter of going up thrust bearing tight ring is less than the internal diameter of last thrust bearing loose ring, goes up the external diameter and the first counter bore transition fit of thrust bearing loose ring, and the internal diameter and the stirring needle upper segment transition fit of last thrust bearing tight ring.
Preferably, the lower end face of the fastening ring of the upper thrust bearing is contacted with the upper end face of the upper limiting nut, and the lower end face of the fastening ring is used for limiting the downward displacement of the upper thrust bearing relative to the stirring pin.
Preferably, the upper end of the second middle shaft shoulder is provided with a second counter bore along the axis, the lower thrust bearing is provided with a lower thrust bearing tight ring and a lower thrust bearing loose ring, the inner diameter of the lower thrust bearing tight ring is smaller than that of the lower thrust bearing loose ring, the outer diameter of the lower thrust bearing loose ring is in transition fit with the second counter bore, and the inner diameter of the lower thrust bearing tight ring is in transition fit with the lower section of the stirring pin.
Preferably, the upper end surface of the fastening ring of the lower thrust bearing is in contact with the lower end surface of the lower limiting nut, and is used for limiting the upward displacement of the lower thrust bearing relative to the stirring pin.
Preferably, the upper shaft shoulder is provided with a first through hole along the axis, the first middle shaft shoulder and the second middle shaft shoulder are respectively provided with a second through hole and a third through hole along the axis, the lower shaft shoulder is provided with a fourth through hole along the axis, the diameters of the first through hole, the second through hole, the third through hole and the fourth through hole are the same, the upper section of the stirring pin is in clearance fit with the first through hole and the second through hole, and the lower section of the stirring pin is in clearance fit with the third through hole and the fourth through hole.
Preferably, the upper shaft shoulder is integrally provided with a clamping handle, and the lower end face of the upper shaft shoulder and the upper end face of the lower shaft shoulder are both provided with spiral grooves.
Preferably, the upper end surface of the first middle shaft shoulder and the lower end surface of the second middle shaft shoulder are both convex surfaces.
Meanwhile, the invention provides a welding method of a self-supporting middle shaft shoulder static friction stir welding head suitable for welding hollow profiles, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) assembling hollow sections: fixing the welded hollow section on a workbench by using a clamping tool, so that the welded hollow section is butted and positioned on the same horizontal plane to assemble a box-type structure to be welded;
(2) adjusting the stirring friction welding head: screwing a flange nut according to the height of the box-type structure to be welded, so that the distance between the lower end face of the upper shaft shoulder and the upper end face of the lower shaft shoulder is smaller than or equal to the height of the box-type structure to be welded, adjusting the positions of the upper limiting nut and the lower limiting nut on the middle section of the stirring pin, so that the distance between the first middle shaft shoulder and the upper shaft shoulder is smaller than or equal to the thickness of the upper wall of the box-type structure to be welded, and the distance between the second middle shaft shoulder and the lower shaft shoulder is smaller than or equal to the thickness;
(3) friction stir welding: adjusting the relative position of the friction stir welding head and the box-type structure to be welded, ensuring that the upper butt joint and the lower butt joint are both aligned with the stirring pin, enabling the upper end face of the first middle shaft shoulder to abut against the upper surface of the inner cavity of the box-type structure to be welded, enabling the lower end face of the second middle shaft shoulder to abut against the lower surface of the inner cavity of the box-type structure to be welded, selecting proper parameters, and enabling the friction stir welding head to move horizontally to cut into the butt joint for welding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention breaks through the design thought of the traditional stirring head, realizes one-time clamping, can simultaneously complete the friction stir welding of the butt joint seam between the upper wall and the lower wall of the box type structure to be welded assembled by the hollow section without overturning the workpiece, greatly simplifies the welding process, reduces the production cost and improves the production efficiency.
(2) The middle section of the stirring pin is provided with the first fine thread, the upper limit nut and the lower limit nut are connected through the first fine thread, the upper limit nut or the lower limit nut is manually screwed in the welding process, the distance between the upper shaft shoulder and the first middle shaft shoulder or the distance between the second middle shaft shoulder and the lower shaft shoulder can be adjusted, the stirring pin is suitable for different hollow sectional materials, and the stirring pin has good manufacturability and universality. The upper shaft shoulder, the stirring pin, the middle shaft shoulder and the lower shaft shoulder are tightly matched, the coaxiality is high, the stability is good, the welding head is fast and convenient to mount and dismount, the stirring pin or the shaft shoulder can be independently replaced when damaged, and the use cost is low.
(3) According to the invention, the second fine thread at the lower end of the stirring pin is connected with the flange nut, the upper end surface of the flange nut is contacted with the lower end surface of the lower shaft shoulder, the lower shaft shoulder is propped against the lower shaft shoulder from the lower part, the lower shaft shoulder moves upwards relative to the stirring pin by rotating the flange nut, and the distance between the lower shaft shoulder and the upper shaft shoulder can be adjusted to adapt to welding of hollow sections with different heights.
(4) The upper section and the lower section of the stirring pin are respectively provided with the upper key groove and the lower key groove, the upper shaft shoulder and the lower shaft shoulder are respectively provided with the upper key groove and the lower key groove, the stirring pin and the lower shaft shoulder are driven to rotate together while the upper shaft shoulder rotates through the matching of the upper key groove, the upper key groove and the upper key and the matching of the lower key groove, the lower key groove and the lower key groove during the welding process, and the first middle shaft shoulder and the second middle shaft shoulder do not rotate, so that the welding heat input is effectively reduced, the mechanical property of a welding seam is improved, the welding torque is reduced, and the service life of the stirring pin is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a friction stir welding head of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the friction stir weld head of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the lower thrust bearing of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a friction stir welding head of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1. an upper shoulder; 1-1. a first via; 1-2, upper key groove; 1-3, the lower end face of the upper shaft shoulder; 1-4. a clamping handle; 2. a key-up; 3. a stirring pin; 3-1, arranging a key slot; 3-2, lower key groove; 3-3, first fine threads; 3-4, second fine thread; 4. a first middle shoulder; 4-1. a second via; 4-2, a first counter bore; 5. an upper thrust bearing; 5-1, mounting a thrust bearing fastening ring; 5-2, loosening the upper thrust bearing; 6. an upper limiting nut; 7. a lower limit nut; 8. a lower thrust bearing; 8-1, pushing the thrust bearing loose ring; 8-2, pushing down the thrust bearing clamp ring; 9. a second middle shoulder; 9-1. a third via; 9-2. a second counter bore; 10. a lower shoulder; 10-1. a fourth via; 10-2. lower key groove; 10-3, the upper end surface of the lower shaft shoulder; 11. a lower bond; 12. a flange nut; 13. a lower butt seam; 14. an upper butt seam;
r1, the inner diameter of the lower thrust bearing retainer ring; r2, the inner diameter of the lower thrust bearing loose ring; w, the width of an inner cavity of the box-type structure to be welded; H. the height of the box-type structure to be welded.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the description of the embodiments is only for illustrating the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention as described in the claims. The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "middle", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a self-supporting middle shoulder static friction stir welding head suitable for welding hollow profiles, which comprises an upper shoulder 1, an upper key 2, a stirring pin 3, a middle shoulder, a thrust bearing, a limit nut, a lower shoulder 10, a lower key 11 and a flange nut 12. The stirring pin 3 is a step shaft, the stirring pin 3 is divided into an upper section, a middle section and a lower section, the diameters of the upper section and the lower section of the stirring pin 3 are the same, the middle shaft shoulder is divided into a first middle shaft shoulder 4 and a second middle shaft shoulder 9 which are the same in structure, the thrust bearing is divided into an upper thrust bearing 5 and a lower thrust bearing 8 which are the same in structure, and the limit nut is divided into an upper limit nut 6 and a lower limit nut 7 which are the same in structure.
As shown in fig. 2, the upper section of the stirring pin 3 is sequentially matched with an upper shaft shoulder 1, a first middle shaft shoulder 4 and an upper thrust bearing 5, a first fine thread 3-3 is tapped on the middle section of the stirring pin 3, and the diameter of the middle section of the stirring pin 3 is larger than that of the upper section and the lower section of the stirring pin 3, so that the middle section of the stirring pin can be respectively matched with an upper limiting nut 6 and a lower limiting nut 7; the lower section of the stirring pin 3 is sequentially matched with a lower thrust bearing 8, a second middle shaft shoulder 9 and a lower shaft shoulder 10, the bottom surface of the lower shaft shoulder 10 contacts the upper end surface of a flange nut 12, and the flange nut 12 is matched with the stirring pin 3 through second fine threads 3-4 of the lower section of the stirring pin 3 and props against the lower shaft shoulder 10 from the lower side. The flange nut 12 is rotated to move upwards relative to the stirring pin 3, and the distance between the lower shaft shoulder 10 and the upper shaft shoulder 1 can be adjusted to a certain degree, so that the welding head is suitable for welding hollow sections with different heights, and the universality of the friction stir welding head is improved.
Furthermore, the upper shaft shoulder 1 is provided with a first through hole 1-1 along the axis, the first middle shaft shoulder 4 and the second middle shaft shoulder 9 are respectively provided with a second through hole 4-1 and a third through hole 9-1 along the axis, and the lower shaft shoulder 10 is provided with a fourth through hole 10-1 along the axis. The diameters of the first through hole 1-1, the second through hole 4-1, the third through hole 9-1 and the fourth through hole 10-1 are the same, the upper section of the stirring pin 3 is in clearance fit with the first through hole 1-1 and the second through hole 4-1, and the lower section of the stirring pin 3 is in clearance fit with the third through hole 9-1 and the fourth through hole 10-1.
The first middle shaft shoulder 4 is connected with the upper limiting nut 6 through an upper thrust bearing 5, specifically, a first counter bore 4-2 is formed in the lower end of the first middle shaft shoulder 4 along the axis, the upper thrust bearing 5 is provided with an upper thrust bearing loose ring 5-2 and an upper thrust bearing tight ring 5-1, the inner diameter of the upper thrust bearing tight ring 5-1 is smaller than the inner diameter of the upper thrust bearing loose ring 5-2, the outer diameter of the upper thrust bearing loose ring 5-2 is in transition fit with the first counter bore 4-2, and the inner diameter of the upper thrust bearing tight ring 5-1 is in transition fit with the upper section of the stirring needle 3. In order to limit the downward displacement of the upper thrust bearing 5 relative to the pin 3, the bottom end of the upper thrust bearing retainer ring 5-1 contacts the top end of the upper limit nut 6. Through screwing up spacing nut 6, can change the relative position of last thrust bearing 5 and stirring needle 3, and then change the relative position of first middle part shaft shoulder 4 and stirring needle 3, realize the regulation of the interval of first middle part shaft shoulder 4 and upper portion shaft shoulder 1, make things convenient for the welding process to carry out interval adjustment to the upper wall thickness of treating welding box type structure. In order to adapt to the fluctuation of the wall thickness on the box-shaped structure to be welded in a certain range in the welding process, the upper end surface of the first middle shaft shoulder 4 is a convex surface.
The second middle shaft shoulder 9 is connected with the lower limiting nut 7 through a lower thrust bearing 8, specifically, a second counter bore 9-2 is formed in the upper end of the second middle shaft shoulder 9 along the axis, as shown in fig. 3, the lower thrust bearing 8 is provided with a lower thrust bearing retainer ring 8-2 and a lower thrust bearing retainer ring 8-1, the inner diameter R1 of the lower thrust bearing retainer ring 8-2 is smaller than the inner diameter R2 of the lower thrust bearing retainer ring 8-1, the outer diameter of the lower thrust bearing retainer ring 8-1 is in transition fit with the second counter bore 9-2, and the inner diameter of the lower thrust bearing retainer ring 8-2 is in transition fit with the lower section of the stirring pin 3. In order to limit the upward displacement of the lower thrust bearing 8 relative to the pin 3, the top end of the lower thrust bearing collar 8-2 contacts the bottom end of the lower limit nut 7. Through unscrewing stop nut 7 down, can change the relative position of thrust bearing 8 and stirring needle 3 down, and then change the relative position of second middle part shaft shoulder 9 and stirring needle 3, realize the regulation of the distance of second middle part shaft shoulder 9 and lower part shaft shoulder 10, make things convenient for the welding process to carry out interval adjustment to the lower wall thickness of treating welding box type structure. In order to adapt to the fluctuation of the thickness of the lower wall of the box-type structure to be welded in a certain range in the welding process, the lower end face of the second middle shaft shoulder 4 is a convex surface.
As shown in FIG. 1, the upper section of the pin 3 is provided with an upper key groove 3-1, and correspondingly, the upper end of the upper shaft shoulder 1 is provided with an upper key groove 1-2, wherein the upper key groove 1-2 extends to the top surface of the upper shaft shoulder 1. The upper end of the stirring pin 3 sequentially penetrates through the upper thrust bearing 5 and the second through hole 4-1 of the first middle shaft shoulder 4 from bottom to top and then penetrates out of the top end of the first through hole 1-1 of the upper shaft shoulder 1, so that the upper key groove 3-1 is exposed above the upper shaft shoulder 1; an upper key 2 is arranged in the upper key groove 3-1, and the upper shaft shoulder 1 is pulled upwards, so that the upper end surface of the upper key 2 contacts the top surface of the upper key groove 3-1 of the stirring pin 3, and the lower end surface of the upper key 2 contacts the bottom surface of the upper key groove 1-2 of the upper shaft shoulder 1. The upper key groove 3-1, the upper key 2 and the upper key groove 1-2 are matched, so that the rotation of the stirring pin 3 relative to the upper shaft shoulder 1 can be limited, and the upward displacement of the stirring pin 3 relative to the upper shaft shoulder 1 can be limited.
Furthermore, the lower end face 1-3 of the upper shaft shoulder, which is in contact with the box-shaped structure to be welded, is provided with a spiral groove for converging the thermoplastic metal from the edge of the shaft shoulder to the periphery of the stirring needle in the welding process.
Similarly, the lower section of the stirring pin 3 is provided with a lower key groove 3-2, and correspondingly, the lower end of the lower shaft shoulder 10 is provided with a lower key groove 10-2, wherein the lower key groove 10-2 extends to the bottom surface of the lower shaft shoulder 10. The lower end of the stirring pin 3 sequentially penetrates through the lower thrust bearing 8 and the third through hole 9-1 of the second middle shaft shoulder 9 from top to bottom, and then penetrates out of the lower end of the fourth through hole 10-1 of the lower shaft shoulder 10, so that the lower key groove 3-2 is exposed below the lower shaft shoulder 10, and the lower key 11 is arranged in the lower key groove 3-2; the lower shoulder 10 is pulled downward to enter the lower key 11 into the lower key groove 10-2 until the lower shoulder 10 cannot move downward relative to the pin 3. The lower key groove 3-2, the lower key 11 and the lower key groove 10-2 are matched, so that the rotation of the lower shaft shoulder 10 relative to the stirring pin 3 can be limited, and the downward displacement of the lower shaft shoulder 10 relative to the stirring pin 3 can be limited.
Further, the upper end face 10-3 of the lower shaft shoulder, which is in contact with the box-shaped structure to be welded, is provided with a spiral groove for converging the thermoplastic metal around the stirring pin 3 from the edge of the shaft shoulder in the welding process.
The upper section of the upper shaft shoulder 1 is also integrally formed with a clamping handle 1-4 which is used for being connected with a main shaft of the friction stir welding machine, the upper shaft shoulder 3-1, the upper key 2 and the upper key groove 1-2 are matched, the lower key groove 3-2, the lower key 11 and the lower key groove 10-2 are matched, the stirring pin 3 and the lower shaft shoulder 10 are driven to rotate together while the upper shaft shoulder 1 rotates, and the first middle shaft shoulder and the second middle shaft shoulder are not rotated, so that welding heat input is effectively reduced, the mechanical property of a welding seam is improved, welding torque is reduced, the stirring pin 3 is not easy to break, and the service life of the stirring pin 3 is prolonged.
The embodiment also discloses a welding method of the self-supporting middle shaft shoulder static friction stir welding head suitable for welding the hollow section, which specifically comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 4:
(1) assembling hollow sections: the welded hollow section bars are fixed on a workbench by utilizing a clamping tool, so that the welded hollow section bars are butted and positioned on the same horizontal plane to assemble a box type structure to be welded.
(2) Adjusting the stirring friction welding head: and selecting a first middle shaft shoulder 4 and a second middle shaft shoulder 9 according to the width W of the inner cavity of the box-type structure to be welded, and ensuring that the diameters of the first middle shaft shoulder 4 and the second middle shaft shoulder 9 are smaller than the width W of the inner cavity of the box-type structure to be welded. Adjusting a flange nut 12 according to the height H of the box-type structure to be welded, enabling the distance between a lower end face 1-3 of an upper shaft shoulder and an upper end face 10-3 of a lower shaft shoulder to be equal to the height H of the box-type structure to be welded, adjusting the relative positions of an upper limiting nut 6 and a lower limiting nut 7 on the middle section of the stirring pin 3, enabling the gap between a first middle shaft shoulder 4 and the upper shaft shoulder 1 to be equal to the thickness of the upper wall of the box-type structure to be welded, and enabling the gap between a second middle shaft shoulder 9 and the lower shaft shoulder 10 to be equal to the thickness of the.
(3) Friction stir welding: adjusting the relative position of the friction stir welding head and the box-type structure to be welded, ensuring that the upper butt joint 14 and the lower butt joint 13 are both aligned with the stirring pin 3, enabling the upper end face of the first middle shaft shoulder 4 to abut against the upper surface of the inner cavity of the box-type structure to be welded, enabling the lower end face of the second middle shaft shoulder 9 to abut against the lower surface of the inner cavity of the box-type structure to be welded, selecting proper parameters, and enabling the friction stir welding head to move horizontally to cut into the butt joint for welding.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A self-supporting static friction stir welding head with a middle shaft shoulder is characterized by being provided with an upper shaft shoulder, an upper key, a stirring pin, a middle shaft shoulder, a thrust bearing, a limiting nut, a lower shaft shoulder, a lower key and a flange nut, wherein the stirring pin is a step shaft and is divided into an upper section, a middle section and a lower section, the diameter of the upper section of the stirring pin is equal to that of the lower section, the diameter of the middle section of the stirring pin is larger than that of the upper section of the stirring pin and is larger than that of the lower section of the stirring pin, the middle shaft shoulder is divided into a first middle shaft shoulder and a second middle shaft shoulder, the thrust bearing is divided into an upper thrust bearing and a lower thrust bearing, the limiting nut is divided into an upper limiting nut and a lower limiting nut, the upper section of the stirring pin is sequentially matched with the upper shaft shoulder, the first middle shaft shoulder and the upper thrust bearing, the middle section of the stirring pin is tapped with a first fine thread which is respectively matched with the upper limiting, the hypomere of stirring pin in proper order with lower thrust bearing the second middle part shaft shoulder with the cooperation of lower part shaft shoulder, the bottom surface contact of lower part shaft shoulder flange nut's up end, flange nut passes through the fine tooth screw thread of second of stirring pin hypomere and the cooperation of stirring pin, the upper segment and the hypomere of stirring pin are equipped with keyway and lower keyway respectively, the top of upper portion shaft shoulder is equipped with the host keyway, the bottom of lower part shaft shoulder is equipped with next keyway, go up the keyway with be equipped with the key of going up in the host keyway, down the keyway with be equipped with down the key in the next keyway.
2. The self-supporting stationary friction stir welding tool with a middle shoulder as set forth in claim 1 wherein the lower end of said first middle shoulder is axially provided with a first counterbore, said upper thrust bearing is provided with an upper thrust bearing loose ring and an upper thrust bearing tight ring, the inner diameter of said upper thrust bearing tight ring is smaller than the inner diameter of said upper thrust bearing loose ring, the outer diameter of said upper thrust bearing loose ring is in transition fit with said first counterbore, and the inner diameter of said upper thrust bearing tight ring is in transition fit with the upper section of said pin stirrer.
3. The self-supporting mid-shoulder static friction stir welding head of claim 2 wherein the lower end surface of the clamping ring of the upper thrust bearing contacts the upper end surface of the upper stop nut for limiting downward displacement of the upper thrust bearing relative to the pin.
4. The self-supporting middle shoulder static friction stir welding head of claim 1 wherein the upper end of the second middle shoulder is provided with a second counter bore along the axis, the lower thrust bearing is provided with a lower thrust bearing clamp ring and a lower thrust bearing loose ring, the inner diameter of the lower thrust bearing clamp ring is smaller than the inner diameter of the lower thrust bearing loose ring, the outer diameter of the lower thrust bearing loose ring is in transition fit with the second counter bore, and the inner diameter of the lower thrust bearing clamp ring is in transition fit with the lower section of the stir pin.
5. The self-supporting mid-shoulder static friction stir welding tool of claim 4 wherein the upper end surface of the clamping ring of the lower thrust bearing contacts the lower end surface of the lower retainer nut for limiting upward displacement of the lower thrust bearing relative to the pin.
6. The self-contained mid-shoulder static friction stir welding head of claim 1, wherein the upper shoulder has a first through hole along an axis, the first mid-shoulder and the second mid-shoulder have a second through hole and a third through hole along an axis, respectively, the lower shoulder has a fourth through hole along an axis, the first through hole, the second through hole, the third through hole and the fourth through hole have the same diameter, the upper segment of the stir pin is in clearance fit with the first through hole and the second through hole, and the lower segment of the stir pin is in clearance fit with the third through hole and the fourth through hole.
7. The self-supporting mid-shoulder static friction stir weld head of claim 6, wherein the upper shoulder is integrally formed with a clamping shank, and wherein the lower end surface of the upper shoulder and the upper end surface of the lower shoulder are each provided with a helical groove.
8. The self-supporting mid-shoulder static friction stir weld head of claim 6, wherein the upper end surface of the first mid-shoulder and the lower end surface of the second mid-shoulder are both convex.
9. A method of welding a self-contained center shoulder static friction stir weld head according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) assembling hollow sections: fixing the welded hollow section on a workbench by using a clamping tool, so that the welded hollow section is butted and positioned on the same horizontal plane to assemble a box-type structure to be welded;
(2) adjusting the stirring friction welding head: adjusting the flange nut according to the height of the box-type structure to be welded, so that the distance between the lower end face of the upper shaft shoulder and the upper end face of the lower shaft shoulder is smaller than or equal to the height of the box-type structure to be welded, adjusting the relative positions of the upper limiting nut and the lower limiting nut on the middle section of the stirring pin, so that the distance between the first middle shaft shoulder and the upper shaft shoulder is smaller than or equal to the thickness of the upper wall of the box-type structure to be welded, and the distance between the second middle shaft shoulder and the lower shaft shoulder is smaller than or equal to;
(3) friction stir welding: adjusting the relative position of a welding head and the box-type structure to be welded, ensuring that the upper butt joint and the lower butt joint are both aligned with the stirring pin, enabling the upper end face of the first middle shaft shoulder to abut against the upper surface of the inner cavity of the box-type structure to be welded, enabling the lower end face of the second middle shaft shoulder to abut against the lower surface of the inner cavity of the box-type structure to be welded, selecting proper parameters, and enabling the friction stir welding head to move horizontally to cut into the butt joint for welding.
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