CN109121720B - Rotary vibration type red date harvester and red date harvesting method - Google Patents
Rotary vibration type red date harvester and red date harvesting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109121720B CN109121720B CN201810926131.0A CN201810926131A CN109121720B CN 109121720 B CN109121720 B CN 109121720B CN 201810926131 A CN201810926131 A CN 201810926131A CN 109121720 B CN109121720 B CN 109121720B
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- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 244000126002 Ziziphus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000008529 Ziziphus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241001247821 Ziziphus Species 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001124569 Lycaenidae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D46/00—Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs
- A01D46/26—Devices for shaking trees or shrubs; Fruit catching devices to be used therewith
- A01D46/264—Devices for beating or vibrating the foliage; Fruit catching devices to be used therewith
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Abstract
本发明属于农业机械领域，具体涉及一种旋振式红枣采收机及红枣采收方法。采收机包括机架、电动机、辊筒式采收装置和发电机；一对对称设置的辊筒式采收装置设置在机架的左右两端；辊筒式采收装置包括法兰盘、拨杆、收集伞、圆柱凸轮、主轴、导轨、拨杆底座、连杆架、连杆和行星齿轮机构；电动机驱动主轴转动，拨杆产生回转运动打击枣树树枝，同时，圆柱凸轮随主轴转动时，带动连杆沿主轴轴向往复直线运动，进而带动拨杆产生往复直线运动，拍打在树枝上使树枝产生上下振动。本发明采收效率高，不损伤枣树树干，同时实现采摘和收集，适应性较强，行进速度可以控制，能适应于不同的环境，自动化程度高，能有效降低人工劳动强度和劳动时间。
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a rotary vibration type jujube harvester and a jujube harvesting method. The harvester includes a frame, a motor, a roller harvesting device and a generator; a pair of symmetrically arranged roller harvesting devices are arranged at the left and right ends of the frame; the roller harvesting device includes flanges, The lever, the collecting umbrella, the cylindrical cam, the main shaft, the guide rail, the lever base, the connecting rod frame, the connecting rod and the planetary gear mechanism; the motor drives the main shaft to rotate, and the lever produces a rotary motion to hit the branches of the jujube tree, and at the same time, the cylindrical cam rotates with the main shaft When it is pressed, the connecting rod is driven to reciprocate linearly along the axial direction of the main shaft, and then the lever is driven to generate a linear reciprocating motion, which beats on the branches to cause the branches to vibrate up and down. The invention has high harvesting efficiency, does not damage the trunk of the jujube tree, realizes picking and collection at the same time, has strong adaptability, can control the traveling speed, can adapt to different environments, has a high degree of automation, and can effectively reduce labor intensity and labor time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a rotary vibration type red date harvesting machine and a red date harvesting method, which are used for realizing automatic picking and collection of red dates.
Background
In recent years, the red date industry in China is rapidly developed, the planting scale and the yield of red dates are increasing year by year, and 90% of red date products in the world are provided in China. The red date producing areas in China are mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the yellow river in plain in North China along the coast and in Xinjiang. Because of the unique climate advantage of Xinjiang, the red dates produced in Xinjiang area are always favored by consumers. In order to develop the specialty forest fruit industry in the area of Xinjiang, a large number of specialty forest fruits are planted. The red dates serve as important components of Xinjiang specialty forest fruits, and the planting scale and the yield are increased year by year. In order to ensure the quality and the taste of red dates, the red dates in the mature period need to be harvested in time, so a large amount of labor is needed in the harvesting season. Because the red date granule is little, and growing density is great, and the manual work is gathered working time long, intensity is big, is difficult for moreover adopting the red date on the jujube tree to the greatest extent, consequently, the cost of the manual work mode of gathering is higher, and the time of gathering simultaneously is also longer, can not guarantee the quality and the taste of red date to influence the process of selling of red date.
At present, the related research of automatic red date harvesting machinery is rarely carried out abroad, and the domestic research is in the starting stage. In the domestic red date picking mechanical device, trunk vibration type and air suction type are mainly adopted, the trunk vibration type picking machine impacts the trunks of the red dates through a hydraulic vibration device or an eccentric vibration device, but in the working process, the hydraulic vibration device or the eccentric vibration device can cause large impact damage to the trunks of the red dates and large damage to the growth of the red dates; and the air suction type harvester collects the red dates falling to the ground.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rotary vibration type red date harvester and a red date harvesting method which can realize red date picking and collection at the same time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a rotary vibration type red date harvester which comprises a rack 2, a motor 3 and a generator 6, wherein the front end of the rack 2 is fixedly connected to the rear part of a traction tractor 1, and the generator 6 is arranged on the rack 2 and is electrically connected with the motor 3. The rotary vibration type red date harvester further comprises a pair of roller type harvesting devices 5 which are symmetrically arranged and arranged at the left end and the right end of the rack 2.
The roller harvesting device 5 comprises a flange plate 501, a shifting rod 502, a collection umbrella 503, a cylindrical cam 509, a main shaft 510, a guide rail 512, a shifting rod base 513, a connecting rod bracket 514, a connecting rod 515 and a planetary gear mechanism.
The top end and the bottom end of a vertically arranged main shaft 510 are respectively connected with a flange plate 501 through bearings, and the flange plate 501 is fixedly connected on the frame 2; the power output shaft of the motor 3 is connected to the main shaft 510.
A planetary gear mechanism is respectively arranged between the top end and the bottom end of the main shaft 510 and the two flange plates 501, and comprises a planetary gear shaft 506, a sun gear 507, a planetary gear 508 and an outer gear ring 511; the sun gear 507 is fixedly connected to the main shaft 510, and the outer gear ring 511 is arranged on the outer side of the sun gear 507; at least three planet gear shafts 506 uniformly surround the sun gear 507 and are arranged between the sun gear 507 and the outer gear ring 511; the planetary gear shaft 506 is fixedly connected with a planetary gear 508 which is meshed with the sun gear 507 and the outer gear ring 511 respectively.
The cylindrical cam 509 is fixedly connected to the middle part of the main shaft 510; the cylindrical cam 509 has a spiral cam groove formed on the outer surface thereof in an end-to-end relationship, and a plurality of links 515 are horizontally disposed in the cam groove at regular intervals.
One end of each link 515 is provided with a roller 516 inserted into the cam groove of the cylindrical cam 509, and the other end is fixedly connected with the middle of a link holder 514 parallel to the main shaft 510.
Each link rod rack 514 is correspondingly provided with a guide rail 512 which is adjacent to and parallel to the link rod rack 514, and two ends of each guide rail 512 are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the two outer gear rings 511 on the main shaft 510 respectively.
On each link frame 514, a plurality of shift levers 502 are fixedly connected at equal intervals and horizontally through a shift lever base 513 along the length direction of the link frame 514, and meanwhile, the shift lever base 513 is slidably connected with the guide rail 512.
The collection umbrella 503 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the flange plate 501 at the bottom end of the main shaft 510 through the collection umbrella frame 504; the middle part of the collection umbrella 503 is provided with a discharge hole 505 which can open and close the bin gate.
The driving lever 502 is made of an elastic material.
And a baffle 4 is arranged outside the roller type harvesting device 5.
The invention provides a red date harvesting method using the rotary vibration type red date harvester, which comprises the following steps:
1) before working, the distance between the traction tractor 1 and the jujube tree rows is adjusted, so that the deflector rods 502 of the two roller type harvesting devices 5 can be respectively inserted into the crowns of the jujube trees on the left side and the right side and fully contacted with branches and leaves of the jujube trees; a bin gate closing the discharge opening 505 of the collection umbrella 503;
2) when the machine works, the traction tractor 1 pulls the rotary vibration type red date harvester to move between the rows of the red dates, the generator 6 supplies power to the motor 3, and the motor 3 drives the main shafts 510 of the two roller type harvesting devices 5 to rotate; the outer gear ring 511 of the planetary gear mechanism rotates at a low speed in the opposite direction, and the guide rail 512 is driven by the outer gear ring 511 to rotate reversely around the axis of the main shaft 510, so that the driving lever 502 generates rotary motion to hit branches of the jujube trees;
meanwhile, the cylindrical cam 509 fixedly connected with the main shaft 510 rotates along with the main shaft 510 to drive the connecting rod 515 to make reciprocating linear motion along the axial direction of the main shaft 510; the connecting rod 515 drives the driving lever 502 to do reciprocating linear motion along the vertical direction while moving, so that the branches of the jujube trees vibrate up and down;
under the combined action of rotary beating and vertical vibration, the red dates fall off from the branches of the jujube trees and fall into the collection umbrella 503;
3) when the red dates in the collection umbrella 503 are accumulated to a certain degree, the machine is stopped to open the bin gate of the discharge hole 505 of the collection umbrella 503, the collected red dates are transferred to other containers, and a cycle of red date harvesting work is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. high harvesting efficiency
The rotary vibration type red date harvester comprises two roller type harvesting devices, and tractor traction type operation is carried out, so that two rows of red date trees can be harvested simultaneously by one-time advancing.
2. Without damaging the jujube tree trunk
The roller type harvesting device provided by the invention has the advantages that the radial elastic harvesting deflector rod rotates around the roller shaft at a low speed and reciprocates axially at a high speed to slap the branches of the red dates, so that the red dates fall off from the branches.
3. Simultaneously realize picking and collecting
The main shaft of the roller type harvesting device is driven by a motor, and a cylindrical cam is arranged on the main shaft. The cylinder surface of cylinder cam is equipped with the heliciform cam groove of an end to end connection, the connecting rod sets up in the cam groove, cylinder cam rotates along with the main shaft, drive the connecting rod along the reciprocal linear motion of main shaft axial, and then drive the driving lever and produce reciprocal linear motion, pat and make the branch produce vibration from top to bottom on the branch, when the frequency or the amplitude of vibration reach the requirement, the red date drops from the jujube tree, utilize planetary gear mechanism to slow down, make the periphery of roller make the counter rotation of low-speed for the main shaft, thereby make long and thin driving lever at reciprocal linear motion's in-process, carry out the circular motion simultaneously, utilize the rigidity of bottom to collect the umbrella, the direct red date that will drop off is collected, and simultaneously, utilize the semicircle baffle, reserve working space for long and thin driving lever, prevent the red date in the droing.
4. The invention has strong adaptability, can control the advancing speed and can adapt to different environments.
5. The invention has high automation degree and can effectively reduce the labor intensity and time of workers.
6. The invention has high utilization rate, the connecting bracket can be disassembled, and the tractor can have multiple purposes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotary vibration type red date harvester of the invention;
fig. 2 is a view showing the external appearance of the roller type harvesting device 5 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a portion of a roller harvesting device 5 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view of fig. 3.
Wherein the reference numerals are:
1 tractor 2 frame
3 electric motor 4 baffle
5 cylinder harvesting device 501 ring flange
502 deflector rod 503 collection umbrella
504 collecting umbrella stand 505 discharge hole
506 planetary gear shaft 507 sun gear
508 planetary gear 509 cylindrical cam
510 spindle 511 external gear ring
512 guide rail 513 deflector rod base
514 connecting rod rack 515 connecting rod
516 roller 6 generator
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the rotary vibration type red date harvester of the present invention is towed by a towing tractor 1, and includes a frame 2, a motor 3, a roller type harvesting device 5, and a generator 6. Wherein:
the front end of the frame 2 is fixedly connected with the rear part of the traction tractor 1, and the generator 6 is arranged on the frame 2 and is electrically connected with the motor 3. A pair of symmetrically arranged roller type harvesting devices 5 are arranged at the left end and the right end of the frame 2.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the roller harvesting device 5 comprises a flange 501, a deflector rod 502, a collection umbrella 503, a cylindrical cam 509, a main shaft 510, a guide rail 512, a deflector rod base 513, a connecting rod bracket 514, a connecting rod 515 and a planetary gear mechanism.
The top end and the bottom end of the vertically arranged main shaft 510 are respectively connected with a flange plate 501 through bearings, and the flange plate 501 is fixedly connected on the frame 2. The power output shaft of the motor 3 is connected with the main shaft 510 to drive the main shaft 510 to rotate.
Between the two flange plates 501 at the top and bottom ends of the main shaft 510, there are provided planetary gear mechanisms each including a planetary gear shaft 506, a sun gear 507, a planetary gear 508, and an outer ring gear 511. The sun gear 507 is fixedly connected to the main shaft 510, the outer gear ring 511 is arranged on the outer side of the sun gear 507, at least three planet gear shafts 506 uniformly surround the sun gear 507 and are arranged between the sun gear 507 and the outer gear ring 511, and the planet gears 508 which are respectively meshed with the sun gear 507 and the outer gear ring 511 are fixedly connected to the planet gear shafts 506.
The cylindrical cam 509 is fixedly connected to the middle of the main shaft 510. The cylindrical cam 509 has a spiral cam groove formed on the outer surface thereof in an end-to-end relationship, and a plurality of links 515 are horizontally disposed in the cam groove at regular intervals. When the cylindrical cam 509 rotates along with the main shaft 510, the connecting rod 515 is driven to linearly reciprocate along the axial direction of the main shaft 510.
One end of each link 515 is provided with a roller 516 inserted into the cam groove of the cylindrical cam 509, and the other end is fixedly connected with the middle of a link holder 514 parallel to the main shaft 510.
Each link rod rack 514 is correspondingly provided with a guide rail 512 which is adjacent to and parallel to the link rod rack 514, and two ends of each guide rail 512 are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the two outer gear rings 511 on the main shaft 510 respectively.
On each link frame 514, a plurality of shift levers 502 are fixedly connected at equal intervals and horizontally through a shift lever base 513 along the length direction of the link frame 514, and meanwhile, the shift lever base 513 is slidably connected with the guide rail 512.
The collection umbrella 503 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the flange plate 501 at the bottom end of the main shaft 510 through the collection umbrella frame 504; the middle part of the collection umbrella 503 is provided with a discharge hole 505 which can open and close the bin gate.
Preferably, the driving lever 502 is made of an elastic material.
Preferably, a baffle 4 is arranged on the outer side of the roller type harvesting device 5 and is used for preventing red dates falling off from the jujube trees from falling to the outer side of the collecting umbrella 503.
A red date harvesting method using the rotary vibration type red date harvester comprises the following steps:
1) before working, the distance between the traction tractor 1 and the jujube tree rows is adjusted, so that the deflector rods 502 of the two roller type harvesting devices 5 can be respectively inserted into the crowns of the jujube trees on the left side and the right side and fully contacted with branches and leaves of the jujube trees; the bin door of the discharge hole 505 of the collection umbrella 503 is closed to prevent red dates from spilling during the harvesting process.
2) When the machine works, the traction tractor 1 pulls the rotary vibration type red date harvester to move between the rows of the red dates, the generator 6 supplies power to the motor 3, and the motor 3 drives the main shafts 510 of the two roller type harvesting devices 5 to rotate; the outer gear ring 511 of the planetary gear mechanism rotates in a low speed in a reverse direction, and the guide rail 512 is driven by the outer gear ring 511 to rotate in a reverse direction around the axis of the main shaft 510, so that the driving lever 502 generates rotary motion to hit branches of the jujube trees.
Meanwhile, the cylindrical cam 509 fixedly connected to the main shaft 510 rotates with the main shaft 510, and drives the connecting rod 515 to perform a reciprocating linear motion along the axial direction (vertical direction) of the main shaft 510. The roller 516 can reduce the friction between the link 515 and the cam groove of the cam 509. The connecting rod 515 is fixedly connected with the connecting rod frame 514, the plurality of shifting rods 502 are fixedly connected on the connecting rod frame 514 through the shifting rod bases 513, meanwhile, the shifting rod bases 513 are in sliding connection with the guide rails 512, and the connecting rod 515 drives the shifting rods 502 to do reciprocating linear motion along the vertical direction while moving. The elastic deflector rod 502 inserted into the cluster of the jujube tree makes the branches of the jujube tree vibrate up and down through reciprocating linear motion.
Therefore, when the traveling speed of the tractor 1 is ignored, the elastic deflector rod 502 is formed by compounding the rotation motion around the axis of the main shaft 510 and the vibration motion of the axial reciprocating motion along the main shaft 510, so that the red dates can fall off from the branches of the jujube trees under the combined action of the rotation striking and the vertical vibration, the red dates in the falling process are blocked by the baffle plate 4 and fall into the collecting umbrella 503, and the red dates are collected.
3) When the red dates in the collection umbrella 503 are accumulated to a certain degree, the machine is stopped to open the bin gate of the discharge hole 505 of the collection umbrella 503, the collected red dates are transferred to other containers, and a cycle of red date harvesting work is completed.
Claims (4)
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| CN201810926131.0A CN109121720B (en) | 2018-08-15 | 2018-08-15 | Rotary vibration type red date harvester and red date harvesting method |
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| CN201810926131.0A CN109121720B (en) | 2018-08-15 | 2018-08-15 | Rotary vibration type red date harvester and red date harvesting method |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109618669B (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2021-09-28 | 南京林业大学 | Beating type fruit harvesting device with variable combing angle |
| CN112237092A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-19 | 西北农林科技大学 | A flexible comb-type apple harvester |
| CN113501346A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-15 | 上海观道生物科技有限公司 | Bulk traditional Chinese medicine decoction piece dispensing unit machine, secondary caching dispensing equipment and method thereof |
| CN115004939A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-09-06 | 贵州益众兴业实业有限责任公司 | Hot pepper picking header |
| CN115868318B (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2025-02-11 | 湖南农业大学 | Camellia fruit rotary picking device |
| CN117337690B (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2024-04-19 | 江苏海洋大学 | A device for picking and collecting sour jujube |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN204443154U (en) * | 2015-01-03 | 2015-07-08 | 武汉威明德科技股份有限公司 | Red date vibrates gather mechanism and self-propelled red date reaping machine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108293428A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-07-20 | 天津职业技术师范大学 | Comb picking machine with vibration rotation picking head |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN204443154U (en) * | 2015-01-03 | 2015-07-08 | 武汉威明德科技股份有限公司 | Red date vibrates gather mechanism and self-propelled red date reaping machine |
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