CN109121720B - Rotary vibration type red date harvester and red date harvesting method - Google Patents

Rotary vibration type red date harvester and red date harvesting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109121720B
CN109121720B CN201810926131.0A CN201810926131A CN109121720B CN 109121720 B CN109121720 B CN 109121720B CN 201810926131 A CN201810926131 A CN 201810926131A CN 109121720 B CN109121720 B CN 109121720B
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main shaft
connecting rod
red date
frame
fixedly connected
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CN109121720A (en
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张俊雄
陈礼东
刘景云
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China Agricultural University
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China Agricultural University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D46/00Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs
    • A01D46/26Devices for shaking trees or shrubs; Fruit catching devices to be used therewith
    • A01D46/264Devices for beating or vibrating the foliage; Fruit catching devices to be used therewith

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Harvesting Machines For Root Crops (AREA)
  • Agricultural Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a rotary vibration type red date harvester and a red date harvesting method. The harvester comprises a frame, a motor, a roller type harvesting device and a generator; a pair of roller type harvesting devices which are symmetrically arranged are arranged at the left end and the right end of the frame; the roller type harvesting device comprises a flange plate, a shifting rod, a collecting umbrella, a cylindrical cam, a main shaft, a guide rail, a shifting rod base, a connecting rod frame, a connecting rod and a planetary gear mechanism; the motor drive main shaft rotates, and the driving lever produces rotary motion and strikes the jujube tree branch, and simultaneously, when the cylinder cam rotated along with the main shaft, drive the connecting rod along the reciprocal linear motion of main shaft axial, and then drive the driving lever and produce reciprocal linear motion, pat and make the branch produce vibration from top to bottom on the branch. The jujube tree harvesting machine has the advantages of high harvesting efficiency, no damage to the jujube tree trunk, realization of picking and collecting, strong adaptability, controllable advancing speed, adaptability to different environments, high automation degree, and capability of effectively reducing the labor intensity and labor time of workers.

Description

Rotary vibration type red date harvester and red date harvesting method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a rotary vibration type red date harvesting machine and a red date harvesting method, which are used for realizing automatic picking and collection of red dates.
Background
In recent years, the red date industry in China is rapidly developed, the planting scale and the yield of red dates are increasing year by year, and 90% of red date products in the world are provided in China. The red date producing areas in China are mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the yellow river in plain in North China along the coast and in Xinjiang. Because of the unique climate advantage of Xinjiang, the red dates produced in Xinjiang area are always favored by consumers. In order to develop the specialty forest fruit industry in the area of Xinjiang, a large number of specialty forest fruits are planted. The red dates serve as important components of Xinjiang specialty forest fruits, and the planting scale and the yield are increased year by year. In order to ensure the quality and the taste of red dates, the red dates in the mature period need to be harvested in time, so a large amount of labor is needed in the harvesting season. Because the red date granule is little, and growing density is great, and the manual work is gathered working time long, intensity is big, is difficult for moreover adopting the red date on the jujube tree to the greatest extent, consequently, the cost of the manual work mode of gathering is higher, and the time of gathering simultaneously is also longer, can not guarantee the quality and the taste of red date to influence the process of selling of red date.
At present, the related research of automatic red date harvesting machinery is rarely carried out abroad, and the domestic research is in the starting stage. In the domestic red date picking mechanical device, trunk vibration type and air suction type are mainly adopted, the trunk vibration type picking machine impacts the trunks of the red dates through a hydraulic vibration device or an eccentric vibration device, but in the working process, the hydraulic vibration device or the eccentric vibration device can cause large impact damage to the trunks of the red dates and large damage to the growth of the red dates; and the air suction type harvester collects the red dates falling to the ground.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rotary vibration type red date harvester and a red date harvesting method which can realize red date picking and collection at the same time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a rotary vibration type red date harvester which comprises a rack 2, a motor 3 and a generator 6, wherein the front end of the rack 2 is fixedly connected to the rear part of a traction tractor 1, and the generator 6 is arranged on the rack 2 and is electrically connected with the motor 3. The rotary vibration type red date harvester further comprises a pair of roller type harvesting devices 5 which are symmetrically arranged and arranged at the left end and the right end of the rack 2.
The roller harvesting device 5 comprises a flange plate 501, a shifting rod 502, a collection umbrella 503, a cylindrical cam 509, a main shaft 510, a guide rail 512, a shifting rod base 513, a connecting rod bracket 514, a connecting rod 515 and a planetary gear mechanism.
The top end and the bottom end of a vertically arranged main shaft 510 are respectively connected with a flange plate 501 through bearings, and the flange plate 501 is fixedly connected on the frame 2; the power output shaft of the motor 3 is connected to the main shaft 510.
A planetary gear mechanism is respectively arranged between the top end and the bottom end of the main shaft 510 and the two flange plates 501, and comprises a planetary gear shaft 506, a sun gear 507, a planetary gear 508 and an outer gear ring 511; the sun gear 507 is fixedly connected to the main shaft 510, and the outer gear ring 511 is arranged on the outer side of the sun gear 507; at least three planet gear shafts 506 uniformly surround the sun gear 507 and are arranged between the sun gear 507 and the outer gear ring 511; the planetary gear shaft 506 is fixedly connected with a planetary gear 508 which is meshed with the sun gear 507 and the outer gear ring 511 respectively.
The cylindrical cam 509 is fixedly connected to the middle part of the main shaft 510; the cylindrical cam 509 has a spiral cam groove formed on the outer surface thereof in an end-to-end relationship, and a plurality of links 515 are horizontally disposed in the cam groove at regular intervals.
One end of each link 515 is provided with a roller 516 inserted into the cam groove of the cylindrical cam 509, and the other end is fixedly connected with the middle of a link holder 514 parallel to the main shaft 510.
Each link rod rack 514 is correspondingly provided with a guide rail 512 which is adjacent to and parallel to the link rod rack 514, and two ends of each guide rail 512 are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the two outer gear rings 511 on the main shaft 510 respectively.
On each link frame 514, a plurality of shift levers 502 are fixedly connected at equal intervals and horizontally through a shift lever base 513 along the length direction of the link frame 514, and meanwhile, the shift lever base 513 is slidably connected with the guide rail 512.
The collection umbrella 503 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the flange plate 501 at the bottom end of the main shaft 510 through the collection umbrella frame 504; the middle part of the collection umbrella 503 is provided with a discharge hole 505 which can open and close the bin gate.
The driving lever 502 is made of an elastic material.
And a baffle 4 is arranged outside the roller type harvesting device 5.
The invention provides a red date harvesting method using the rotary vibration type red date harvester, which comprises the following steps:
1) before working, the distance between the traction tractor 1 and the jujube tree rows is adjusted, so that the deflector rods 502 of the two roller type harvesting devices 5 can be respectively inserted into the crowns of the jujube trees on the left side and the right side and fully contacted with branches and leaves of the jujube trees; a bin gate closing the discharge opening 505 of the collection umbrella 503;
2) when the machine works, the traction tractor 1 pulls the rotary vibration type red date harvester to move between the rows of the red dates, the generator 6 supplies power to the motor 3, and the motor 3 drives the main shafts 510 of the two roller type harvesting devices 5 to rotate; the outer gear ring 511 of the planetary gear mechanism rotates at a low speed in the opposite direction, and the guide rail 512 is driven by the outer gear ring 511 to rotate reversely around the axis of the main shaft 510, so that the driving lever 502 generates rotary motion to hit branches of the jujube trees;
meanwhile, the cylindrical cam 509 fixedly connected with the main shaft 510 rotates along with the main shaft 510 to drive the connecting rod 515 to make reciprocating linear motion along the axial direction of the main shaft 510; the connecting rod 515 drives the driving lever 502 to do reciprocating linear motion along the vertical direction while moving, so that the branches of the jujube trees vibrate up and down;
under the combined action of rotary beating and vertical vibration, the red dates fall off from the branches of the jujube trees and fall into the collection umbrella 503;
3) when the red dates in the collection umbrella 503 are accumulated to a certain degree, the machine is stopped to open the bin gate of the discharge hole 505 of the collection umbrella 503, the collected red dates are transferred to other containers, and a cycle of red date harvesting work is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. high harvesting efficiency
The rotary vibration type red date harvester comprises two roller type harvesting devices, and tractor traction type operation is carried out, so that two rows of red date trees can be harvested simultaneously by one-time advancing.
2. Without damaging the jujube tree trunk
The roller type harvesting device provided by the invention has the advantages that the radial elastic harvesting deflector rod rotates around the roller shaft at a low speed and reciprocates axially at a high speed to slap the branches of the red dates, so that the red dates fall off from the branches.
3. Simultaneously realize picking and collecting
The main shaft of the roller type harvesting device is driven by a motor, and a cylindrical cam is arranged on the main shaft. The cylinder surface of cylinder cam is equipped with the heliciform cam groove of an end to end connection, the connecting rod sets up in the cam groove, cylinder cam rotates along with the main shaft, drive the connecting rod along the reciprocal linear motion of main shaft axial, and then drive the driving lever and produce reciprocal linear motion, pat and make the branch produce vibration from top to bottom on the branch, when the frequency or the amplitude of vibration reach the requirement, the red date drops from the jujube tree, utilize planetary gear mechanism to slow down, make the periphery of roller make the counter rotation of low-speed for the main shaft, thereby make long and thin driving lever at reciprocal linear motion's in-process, carry out the circular motion simultaneously, utilize the rigidity of bottom to collect the umbrella, the direct red date that will drop off is collected, and simultaneously, utilize the semicircle baffle, reserve working space for long and thin driving lever, prevent the red date in the droing.
4. The invention has strong adaptability, can control the advancing speed and can adapt to different environments.
5. The invention has high automation degree and can effectively reduce the labor intensity and time of workers.
6. The invention has high utilization rate, the connecting bracket can be disassembled, and the tractor can have multiple purposes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotary vibration type red date harvester of the invention;
fig. 2 is a view showing the external appearance of the roller type harvesting device 5 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a portion of a roller harvesting device 5 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view of fig. 3.
Wherein the reference numerals are:
1 tractor 2 frame
3 electric motor 4 baffle
5 cylinder harvesting device 501 ring flange
502 deflector rod 503 collection umbrella
504 collecting umbrella stand 505 discharge hole
506 planetary gear shaft 507 sun gear
508 planetary gear 509 cylindrical cam
510 spindle 511 external gear ring
512 guide rail 513 deflector rod base
514 connecting rod rack 515 connecting rod
516 roller 6 generator
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the rotary vibration type red date harvester of the present invention is towed by a towing tractor 1, and includes a frame 2, a motor 3, a roller type harvesting device 5, and a generator 6. Wherein:
the front end of the frame 2 is fixedly connected with the rear part of the traction tractor 1, and the generator 6 is arranged on the frame 2 and is electrically connected with the motor 3. A pair of symmetrically arranged roller type harvesting devices 5 are arranged at the left end and the right end of the frame 2.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the roller harvesting device 5 comprises a flange 501, a deflector rod 502, a collection umbrella 503, a cylindrical cam 509, a main shaft 510, a guide rail 512, a deflector rod base 513, a connecting rod bracket 514, a connecting rod 515 and a planetary gear mechanism.
The top end and the bottom end of the vertically arranged main shaft 510 are respectively connected with a flange plate 501 through bearings, and the flange plate 501 is fixedly connected on the frame 2. The power output shaft of the motor 3 is connected with the main shaft 510 to drive the main shaft 510 to rotate.
Between the two flange plates 501 at the top and bottom ends of the main shaft 510, there are provided planetary gear mechanisms each including a planetary gear shaft 506, a sun gear 507, a planetary gear 508, and an outer ring gear 511. The sun gear 507 is fixedly connected to the main shaft 510, the outer gear ring 511 is arranged on the outer side of the sun gear 507, at least three planet gear shafts 506 uniformly surround the sun gear 507 and are arranged between the sun gear 507 and the outer gear ring 511, and the planet gears 508 which are respectively meshed with the sun gear 507 and the outer gear ring 511 are fixedly connected to the planet gear shafts 506.
The cylindrical cam 509 is fixedly connected to the middle of the main shaft 510. The cylindrical cam 509 has a spiral cam groove formed on the outer surface thereof in an end-to-end relationship, and a plurality of links 515 are horizontally disposed in the cam groove at regular intervals. When the cylindrical cam 509 rotates along with the main shaft 510, the connecting rod 515 is driven to linearly reciprocate along the axial direction of the main shaft 510.
One end of each link 515 is provided with a roller 516 inserted into the cam groove of the cylindrical cam 509, and the other end is fixedly connected with the middle of a link holder 514 parallel to the main shaft 510.
Each link rod rack 514 is correspondingly provided with a guide rail 512 which is adjacent to and parallel to the link rod rack 514, and two ends of each guide rail 512 are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the two outer gear rings 511 on the main shaft 510 respectively.
On each link frame 514, a plurality of shift levers 502 are fixedly connected at equal intervals and horizontally through a shift lever base 513 along the length direction of the link frame 514, and meanwhile, the shift lever base 513 is slidably connected with the guide rail 512.
The collection umbrella 503 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the flange plate 501 at the bottom end of the main shaft 510 through the collection umbrella frame 504; the middle part of the collection umbrella 503 is provided with a discharge hole 505 which can open and close the bin gate.
Preferably, the driving lever 502 is made of an elastic material.
Preferably, a baffle 4 is arranged on the outer side of the roller type harvesting device 5 and is used for preventing red dates falling off from the jujube trees from falling to the outer side of the collecting umbrella 503.
A red date harvesting method using the rotary vibration type red date harvester comprises the following steps:
1) before working, the distance between the traction tractor 1 and the jujube tree rows is adjusted, so that the deflector rods 502 of the two roller type harvesting devices 5 can be respectively inserted into the crowns of the jujube trees on the left side and the right side and fully contacted with branches and leaves of the jujube trees; the bin door of the discharge hole 505 of the collection umbrella 503 is closed to prevent red dates from spilling during the harvesting process.
2) When the machine works, the traction tractor 1 pulls the rotary vibration type red date harvester to move between the rows of the red dates, the generator 6 supplies power to the motor 3, and the motor 3 drives the main shafts 510 of the two roller type harvesting devices 5 to rotate; the outer gear ring 511 of the planetary gear mechanism rotates in a low speed in a reverse direction, and the guide rail 512 is driven by the outer gear ring 511 to rotate in a reverse direction around the axis of the main shaft 510, so that the driving lever 502 generates rotary motion to hit branches of the jujube trees.
Meanwhile, the cylindrical cam 509 fixedly connected to the main shaft 510 rotates with the main shaft 510, and drives the connecting rod 515 to perform a reciprocating linear motion along the axial direction (vertical direction) of the main shaft 510. The roller 516 can reduce the friction between the link 515 and the cam groove of the cam 509. The connecting rod 515 is fixedly connected with the connecting rod frame 514, the plurality of shifting rods 502 are fixedly connected on the connecting rod frame 514 through the shifting rod bases 513, meanwhile, the shifting rod bases 513 are in sliding connection with the guide rails 512, and the connecting rod 515 drives the shifting rods 502 to do reciprocating linear motion along the vertical direction while moving. The elastic deflector rod 502 inserted into the cluster of the jujube tree makes the branches of the jujube tree vibrate up and down through reciprocating linear motion.
Therefore, when the traveling speed of the tractor 1 is ignored, the elastic deflector rod 502 is formed by compounding the rotation motion around the axis of the main shaft 510 and the vibration motion of the axial reciprocating motion along the main shaft 510, so that the red dates can fall off from the branches of the jujube trees under the combined action of the rotation striking and the vertical vibration, the red dates in the falling process are blocked by the baffle plate 4 and fall into the collecting umbrella 503, and the red dates are collected.
3) When the red dates in the collection umbrella 503 are accumulated to a certain degree, the machine is stopped to open the bin gate of the discharge hole 505 of the collection umbrella 503, the collected red dates are transferred to other containers, and a cycle of red date harvesting work is completed.

Claims (4)

1. The utility model provides a rotary vibration formula red date harvester, includes frame (2), motor (3) and generator (6), the front end rigid coupling of frame (2) is in the rear portion of traction tractor (1), generator (6) set up on frame (2) to be connected its characterized in that with motor (3) electricity: the rotary vibration type red date harvester further comprises a pair of roller type harvesting devices (5) which are symmetrically arranged and arranged at the left end and the right end of the rack (2);
the roller type harvesting device (5) comprises a flange plate (501), a shifting rod (502), a collecting umbrella (503), a cylindrical cam (509), a main shaft (510), a guide rail (512), a shifting rod base (513), a connecting rod frame (514), a connecting rod (515) and a planetary gear mechanism;
the top end and the bottom end of a vertically arranged main shaft (510) are respectively connected with a flange plate (501) through a bearing, and the flange plate (501) is fixedly connected on the rack (2); the power output shaft of the motor (3) is connected with the main shaft (510);
a planetary gear mechanism is respectively arranged between the top end and the bottom end of the main shaft (510) and the two flange plates (501), and comprises a planetary gear shaft (506), a sun gear (507), a planetary gear (508) and an outer gear ring (511); the sun gear (507) is fixedly connected to the main shaft (510), and the outer gear ring (511) is arranged on the outer side of the sun gear (507); at least three planet gear shafts (506) uniformly surround the sun gear (507) and are arranged between the sun gear (507) and the outer gear ring (511); a planetary gear (508) which is respectively meshed with the sun gear (507) and the outer gear ring (511) is fixedly connected to the planetary gear shaft (506);
the cylindrical cam (509) is fixedly connected to the middle part of the main shaft (510); the outer surface of a cylinder of the cylindrical cam (509) is provided with a spiral cam groove connected end to end, and a plurality of connecting rods (515) are horizontally arranged in the cam groove at equal intervals;
one end of each connecting rod (515) is provided with a roller (516) inserted into the cam groove of the cylindrical cam (509), and the other end of each connecting rod is fixedly connected with the middle part of a connecting rod frame (514) parallel to the main shaft (510);
each connecting rod frame (514) is correspondingly provided with a guide rail (512) which is adjacent to and parallel to the connecting rod frame, and two ends of each guide rail (512) are fixedly connected to the outer sides of two outer gear rings (511) on the main shaft (510) respectively;
a plurality of deflector rods (502) are fixedly connected to each connecting rod frame (514) at equal intervals and horizontally through a deflector rod base (513) along the length direction of the connecting rod frame (514), and meanwhile, the deflector rod base (513) is connected with the guide rail (512) in a sliding manner;
the collecting umbrella (503) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the flange plate (501) at the bottom end of the main shaft (510) through a collecting umbrella frame (504); the middle part of the collecting umbrella (503) is provided with a discharge hole (505) which can open and close the bin gate.
2. The rotary-vibration red date harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: the deflector rod (502) is made of elastic materials.
3. The rotary-vibration red date harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a baffle (4) is arranged on the outer side of the roller type harvesting device (5).
4. A red date harvesting method using the rotary vibration red date harvester according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) before the jujube tree harvesting machine works, the distance between the traction tractor (1) and the jujube tree rows is adjusted, so that the deflector rods (502) of the two roller type harvesting devices (5) can be respectively inserted into the crowns of the jujube trees on the left side and the right side and are fully contacted with branches and leaves of the jujube trees; a bin gate closing a discharge opening (505) of the collection umbrella (503);
2) when the machine works, a traction tractor (1) pulls a rotary-vibration type red date harvester to move between the rows of the red dates, a generator (6) supplies power to a motor (3), and the motor (3) drives main shafts (510) of two roller type harvesting devices (5) to rotate; an outer gear ring (511) of the planetary gear mechanism rotates at a low speed in a reverse direction, and a guide rail (512) is driven by the outer gear ring (511) to rotate around the axis of a main shaft (510) in the reverse direction, so that a driving lever (502) generates rotary motion to hit branches of the jujube trees;
meanwhile, a cylindrical cam (509) fixedly connected with the main shaft (510) rotates along with the main shaft (510) to drive a connecting rod (515) to do reciprocating linear motion along the axial direction of the main shaft (510); the connecting rod (515) drives the shifting rod (502) to do reciprocating linear motion along the vertical direction while moving, so that the branches of the jujube trees vibrate up and down;
under the combined action of rotary beating and vertical vibration, the red dates fall off from the branches of the jujube trees and fall into a collection umbrella (503);
3) when the red dates in the collection umbrella (503) are accumulated to a certain degree, the machine is stopped to open the bin door of the discharge hole (505) of the collection umbrella (503), the collected red dates are transferred to other containers, and a cycle of red date harvesting work is completed.
CN201810926131.0A 2018-08-15 2018-08-15 Rotary vibration type red date harvester and red date harvesting method Active CN109121720B (en)

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CN109618669B (en) * 2019-02-28 2021-09-28 南京林业大学 Beating type fruit harvesting device with variable combing angle
CN112237092A (en) * 2019-07-16 2021-01-19 西北农林科技大学 Flexible comb brush type apple harvesting machine
CN113501346A (en) * 2021-07-20 2021-10-15 上海观道生物科技有限公司 Bulk traditional Chinese medicine decoction piece dispensing unit machine, secondary caching dispensing equipment and method thereof
CN117337690B (en) * 2023-11-03 2024-04-19 江苏海洋大学 Wild jujube picking and collecting device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN204443154U (en) * 2015-01-03 2015-07-08 武汉威明德科技股份有限公司 Red date vibrates gather mechanism and self-propelled red date reaping machine

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108293428A (en) * 2018-02-05 2018-07-20 天津职业技术师范大学 Comb picking machine with vibration rotation picking head

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN204443154U (en) * 2015-01-03 2015-07-08 武汉威明德科技股份有限公司 Red date vibrates gather mechanism and self-propelled red date reaping machine

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